CAI Change of Agricultural RegionsCase of Environmental Evolution in Holocene EpochFluctuation of Climate in Holocene EpochSection 3 Climate Fluctuation and Natural Environment Evolution in Holocene Epoch in China

Study cases of climate fluctuation and natural environment evolution in Holocene EpochClimate fluctuationProper period and small ice ageRule of changeProper period: the Yangshao warm period 5000 to 6000 years beforeThree cold periods existed from 1100 B.C. to 1400 A.D.: 1100 B.C.-850B.C., around 600 A.D., and late 10 the centurySmall ice age: 14th century- early 20th centuryOver sea levelFluctuation of temperature for 5000 years in China (Zhu Kezhen, 1972)TChange of Norway snowlineChange of temperature in ChinaYear (A.D.)

Study cases of climate fluctuation and natural environment evolution in Holocene EpochChange of agricultural regions and climate fluctuation for 5000 yearsTemperature change in ChinaWarm period: agriculture in he north was much more developed than the one in the southArchaeology periodPhenological periodilQing DynastyRepublic of ChinaPRCAncientXia DynastyShang DynastyWest Zhou Dynasty Spring and Autumn Annals Warring States PeriodQin DynastyWest Han DynastyEast Han DynastyNorthern and Southern DynastiesJin DynastyTang DynastyPeriod of the Five Dynasties and Ten StatesNorthern Song Dynasty Sourthern Song Dynasty Yuan DynastyMing DynastyQing DynastyRepublic of ChinaPRCPeriod of the Three Kingdoms

Study cases of climate fluctuation and natural environment evolution in Holocene EpochChange of agricultural regions and climate fluctuation for 5000 yearsTemperature change in ChinaCold period: the south was advanced, but the center still stayed in the lower reach of yellow riverArchaeology periodPhenological periodilPeriod of the Three KingdomsAncientXia DynastyShang DynastyWest Zhou Dynasty Spring and Autumn Annals Warring States PeriodQin DynastyWest Han DynastyEast Han DynastyNorthern and Southern DynastiesJin DynastyTang DynastyPeriod of the Five Dynasties and Ten StatesNorthern Song Dynasty Sourthern Song Dynasty Yuan DynastyMing DynastyQing DynastyRepublic of ChinaPRC

Temperature change in ChinaChange of agricultural regions and climate fluctuation for 5000 yearsStudy cases of climate fluctuation and natural environment evolution in Holocene EpochWarm period: the second harvest peak appeared in Tang dynastyArchaeology periodPhenological periodilAncientXia DynastyShang DynastyWest Zhou Dynasty Spring and Autumn Annals Warring States PeriodQin DynastyWest Han DynastyEast Han DynastyNorthern and Southern DynastiesJin DynastyTang DynastyPeriod of the Five Dynasties and Ten StatesNorthern Song Dynasty Sourthern Song Dynasty Yuan DynastyMing DynastyQing DynastyRepublic of ChinaPRCPeriod of the Three Kingdoms

Study cases of climate fluctuation and natural environment evolution in Holocene EpochChange of agricultural regions and climate fluctuation for 5000 yearsTemperature change in ChinaCold period: the south became the major agricultural regionArchaeology periodPhenological periodilAncientXia DynastyShang DynastyWest Zhou Dynasty Spring and Autumn Annals Warring States PeriodQin DynastyWest Han DynastyEast Han DynastyNorthern and Southern DynastiesJin DynastyTang DynastyPeriod of the Five Dynasties and Ten StatesNorthern Song Dynasty Sourthern Song Dynasty Yuan DynastyMing DynastyQing DynastyRepublic of ChinaPRCPeriod of the Three Kingdoms

Study cases of climate fluctuation and natural environment evolution in Holocene EpochChange of agricultural regions and climate fluctuation for 5000 yearsMing and Qing DynastiesEast Han Dynasty to Northern and Southern DynastiesSui and Tang DynastiesXia and Shang Dynasties to Western Han DynastyNeolithic PeriodAgricultural regions extended as human culture developed.

Study cases of climate fluctuation and natural environment evolution in Holocene EpochSandstone hill

Study cases of climate fluctuation and natural environment evolution in Holocene EpochWetland grasslandOrdos Plateau

Ordos PlateauDesertStudy cases of climate fluctuation and natural environment evolution in Holocene Epoch

(1)Geographical environments fluctuation had a cycle of 2000 years Process of being warm/cold in the past 100 thousand yearsYears beforeYears beforeBeing warm/cold in the OrdasTTBeing dry/wetThe cycle is almost consistent with the global climate change by versus analytical method

(1) Geographical environments fluctuation had a cycle of 2000 years Process of being warm/cold in the past 100 thousand yearsTYears beforeBeing warm/coldAnnual precipitation(mm)The regular fluctuation of being wet/dry, with the cycle of 2000 years, influenced on the agricultural development in the north Frequency deviation value from normal Of peat and palesoil 14CComparison between dry and wet change process of Ordos Area for10 000 yearsAnnual precipitation of Taoli profile in Wushenqi Annual precipitation of Dishaogou Bay profileAnnual precipitation of Daihaimuhua River profileDeviation value from normal sliding value

(2) Reestablishment of geographical environment in special periodsGeographical environment in wet and dry periods in middle Holocene,inferred from analysis on the ancient soilSand enlarged at dry periods, but stayed at wet periods. Therefore, plants had an obvious wiggle. Compared with modern plants, the dry moved eastwardly, while the wet westwardly, with an extent of 200kmThe arid periodThe humid periodForest grassland forest and pastoralism beltForest grassland agro-pastoralism beltForest grassland and fixed sandy land agro-pastoralism beltSand and shrub agro-pastoralism beltTypical grassland pastoralism beltSemi-fixed sandy land desertification grassland pastoralism beltMid-low forest grassland shrub belt

(3) Natural background of wind erosion and grassland degenerationThe change tendency of dry and wet was the basic cause for activity of sandHumans activities on land was the inducement of sands activityWandering duneMobile duneEolian sandMu Us sandy land

(3) Natural background of wind erosion and grassland degenerationThe change tendency of dry and wet was main reason for grassland degeneration and resumeHumans overgrazing and construction at vegetated areas affected the process of grassland degenerationSoil erosionWind erosion and sandy landWind erosion and sandy pasture land(overcultivation and abandon cultivation)