TECHNOPRENEURSHIP“technology-based entrepreneurs”, “technical entrepreneurs”,

“high technology entrepreneurs” , “high tech new ventures” to describe new business that combine entrepreneurial skills and

technology. includes technical entrepreneur, who originally trained as

professional engineers but instinctively taught him or her to become expert business managers.

Technology-based entrepreneur is a process and formation of a new business that involves technology and these “technopreneurs” use technological innovations and translate such technology into successful products or services. Think about new technology available today – how to commercialise

them or how to use them to improve current business.Bring new technology/technology-based business to our local market

Continue…two important skills needed;

technical management skills and business management skills.

technical management skills concern with technical skills in developing new products or services (also includes new way in producing/marketing the products or services)

business management skills concern with entrepreneur’s responsibility regarding finance, marketing and personnel areas

BOGOR, 11/7 - TECHNOPRENEURSHIP. Seorang mahasiswa IPB (kanan) menjelaskan tentang mesin penggiling padi yang menggunakan tenaga kayuhan sepeda saat kegiatan Seminar Nasional dan Ekspo Pengembangan Usaha Berbasis Teknologi (Technopreneurship) di Bogor, Jabar, Senin (11/7). Kegiatan yang diadakan oleh RAMP-IPB tersebut diikuti oleh 51 mahasiswa terpilih dari 15 Perguruan Tinggi bertujuan untuk meningkatkan kemampuan mahasiswa menciptakan usaha berbasis teknologi. FOTO ANTARA/Jafkhairi/Koz/Spt/11.

BUSINESS PLAN

IntroductionA business plan is a written document that

serves as a blue print and guide for a proposed business project that one intends to undertake. The information gathered regarding the project is used in the Business Plan to predict viability, forecast success and propose strategies for the project

PURPOSES• To allow the entrepreneur to view and

evaluate the proposed business venture in an objective, critical and practical manner

• To analyse and evaluate the viability of a proposed venture

• To convince relevant parties of the investment potential of the project

• As a guideline for managing the business • To allocate business resources effectively

WHO NEEDS A BUSINESS PLAN?

The entrepreneurInvestorsFinancial institutionsSuppliersCustomersCompany staff

Information Gathering for the Business Plan

Information gathered for a business plan must give an accurate picture for project’s viability and sustainability

The entrepreneur needs to collect and analyse relevant data (your next task)

Two types of information - primary and secondary information

Primary InformationObtain through interviews, surveys and

observations involving people that the project targets as users or recipient of the project outcome

Specific and concurrent information

Secondary InformationExtracted from sources that are available in

printed form (newspapers, jounals, annual reports and survey results) or electronic form (television, radio or internet)

Cheaper and easier way but not concurrent

BUSINESS PLAN FORMAT• Cover letter – stating hopes and willingness

to furnish additional materials to facilitate better understanding of the project

• Cover page – Introductory information including:– Title of the Business Plan– Name of the business and business address– Name of the writer(s)– Date of submission

BUSINESS PLAN FORMAT• Table of Contents – list of main headings,

tables, schedules and appendices according to page numbers

• Executive Summary – to convince and motivate the reader to spend time going through the whole plan. Need to highlight important components such as the product and service being offered, market potential, project management, project cost and expected returns

BUSINESS PLAN FORMAT• Main Body of the Business Plan – Essential

information such as administrative, marketing, operation and financial plans

• Appendices – contains relevant supporting documents such as:– Suppliers’ quotation– Agreement letter– Letter of references– Research findings

MAIN BODY OF THE BUSINESS PLAN

• Introduction• Purpose• Company background• Owner/partners background• Location of the business• Administrative plan• Marketing plan• Operations plan• Financial plan• Conclusion

IntroductionName of the companyNature of businessIndustry profileLocation of the businessDate of business commencementFactors in selecting the proposed businessFuture prospect of the business

PurposeObjective of the Business Plan must be

stated clearlyExample of financial loan:

“This business plan is prepared by ABI Sdn Bhd for the purpose of obtaining working capital loan from BIMB for the amount of RM50,000”. OR

PurposeExample as a guide for the entrepreneur to

manage the business:“This business plan is prepared by ABI Sdn Bhd as a guideline for managing the proposed venture”.

A Business Plan can have more than one objective but the main objective should be the fist to list

Company Backgrounda. Name of the Companyb. Business Addressc. Correspondence Address (include

website/e-mail address)d. Telephone Numbere. Form of Businessf. Main Activity or Activitiesg. Date of Commencementh. Date of Registrationi. Registration Numberj. Name of Bankk. Bank Account Number

Owner or Partners Backgrounda. Name of the Owner/Partnersb. Identity Card Numberc. Permanent Addressd. Correspondence Address (include

website/e-mail address)e. Telephone Numberf. Date of Birthg. Ageh. Marital Statusi. Academic Qualificationsj. Course Attended

Owner or Partners Backgroundk. Skillsl. Experiencem. Present Occupationn. Previous Business Experience

Location of the BusinessPhysical location of the project (e.g.

whether it is located adjacent to the main roads and other designated premises)

Building (e.g. type, structure, condition, size and cost of the building)

Basic amenities (i.e. water, electricity, telephone lines)

Task 1Form your group8 members (15 groups)Plan about your business (basic information

- What, Why, Where, etc)Company NameProduct(s) and/or service(s)Targeted buyersLocation

Administrative Plan

Introduction to the OrganisationState vision, mission and objectives

Organisation ChartShow the structure according to the

departments and/ or positions in the company.

Show the lines of authority and responsibilityThe entrepreneur is encourage to present the

organisation in the chart form

Administrative PlanManpower Planning

List of positions and staff for each position in table form (see Table 1)

Schedule of Tasks and ResponsibilitiesEvery post should come with the descriptions

of tasks and responsibilities (Table 2)Schedule of Remuneration

List the salary and contribution that the company has to allocate to different Provident Funds (Table 3)

List of Office Equipment (Refer to Table 4)

Administrative PlanAdministrative Budget

Fixed Assets-refer to the investment made in the purchase of assets that will be used in the organisation for a period of more than one year. Eg. Furniture, fittings, premises and renovation

Monthly Expenses-refer to the payments that have to be made every month. Eg. Remuneration, utilities, rental, travelling expenses and office supplies

Other Expenses-refer to the expenses that do not fall into the above two categories. Incurred once a year or on a periodic basis. Eg. Vehicle road tax, business registration fees, deposits

Refer to Table 5

Table 1. Position and the Number of Staff

Position Number of Staff

General Manager 1

Sales Officer 1

Accounts Clerk 1

Operations Officer 1

Administrative Clerk 2

Table 2. Schedule of Tasks and Responsibilities

Position Main Tasks

General Manager To plan, implement and control the overall management of business

To plan and monitor the strategic progress of the business

To be accountable for the overall performance of the business

Table 3. Remuneration for Administrative Staff

Position No.

Monthly

Salary

EPF Contributio

n(13%)

SOCSO (2%)

Amount

General Manager

1 4 000 520 80 4 600

Account Clerk

1 1 000 130 20 1 150

AdministrativeClerk

1 700 91 14 805

Table 4. List of Furniture, Fittings and Equipment

Item Quantity Price per Unit

Total Cost

Office Furniture

2 sets 2 000 4 000

Personal Computer

2 sets 3 000 6 000

Office Renovation

- - 10 000

Table 5. Administrative Budget

Fixed Assets

Expenses

Monthly Expenses

Other Expenses

Furniture and Fittings

4 000 - -

Salaries - 8 050 -

Rental - 3 000 -

Rental Deposit - - 9 000

Utilities Deposit - - 1 000

Marketing Plana. Product or Service Descriptionb. Target Marketc. Market Size-units of goods or sales (RM)d. Competitione. Market Share-estimated as a percentage of

the market size. Based on company’s strengths and weaknesses

f. Sales Forecast-at least for the first year and extended to 2nd and 3rd year (Table 6)

g. Marketing Strategyh. Marketing Budget (see Table 7)

Table 6. Sales ForecastYear Month Sales Forecast

1 1 70 000

2 70 000

3 70 000

4 77 000

5 77 000

6 77 000

7 70 000

8 65 000

9 65 000

10 70 000

11 70 000

12 70 000

2 900 000

3 1 000 000

Table 7. Marketing Budget

Item Fixed Assets

Expenses

Monthly Expenses

Other Expenses

Van 70 000

Promotion 400

Vehicle Insurance

2 000

Operation PlanProcess Flow ChartProduction Schedule-product or serviceMaterial RequirementsManpower RequirementsMachine and EquipmentOpeartion Layout PlanLocationOperation Overheads-utilitiesOperation Budget

Financial Plan

Project Implementation Cost ScheduleSource of Fund ScheduleFixed Assets Depreciation TablesLoan Amortisation Schedule (if relevant)Hire Purchase Repayment Schedule (if

relevant)Proforma CashflowProforma Profit and LossProforma Balance Sheet