04.ප��ෙ�දය

කාලාම �තය:ෙබෞ�ධ ඥාන මා�ගය Kalama Sutta: Buddhist Epistemology

QAn mAr~gy(Epistemology) yn<evn` adhs krnen` QAny l[bFm uedsAupeyA`gF krgnnA pfLfevtyf.ebAehAvfx QAnvfBAgy(Theory of Knoledge)elsfn` h[Hdfnevnend emymy.QAny l[bFm sHdhA pfLfgth[kf pfLfevtk enAm[tfv p&kAVkrn kr[N< pfLfg[nFmx y<k`tfshgt pdnmk n[tfevyf. b<z\ smy QAny lbAg[nFmx an<gmnykrn pfLfevt k=mkd?emy vxhAg[nFmx p[rNf BArtFy QAn mAg% pfLfbHdvd trmk ehA v[xhFmk avVYy.1

emhfdF QAnmAr~gy‘QAnvfBAgy’yn pdeynd a[t[mZ avsTAvldF h[HdfnvFmx fya;j p[h[dflf krgt y<t=y.‘QAn vfBAgy’ynvden aT%yvn>ey kfsfymZ p&st=tyk mnsfn d[k avebA`DekAx E pfLfbHdv mnsfn`krn vfV`elSNyyf.emy Ek`trA z\rkx aT%kTnmy svBAvyk` gnF.dr~Vn y pfLfbHdvnfr~vcnyk d[kevn<ey dr~Vny yn< QAny pfLfbHdvv> QAnykfyf yn<yf. QAn vfBAgy v>klF dr~VnvfSyx dkvn kfxZx< sbHdtAvymt QAnvfBAgyx p&st=tvnend b<dDf vfSyfk kr[N<y.E` an<v b<dDfvfSyfk p&st=t menAm>Lfk els vfVelSNy ekAx d[k`vFm QAn vfBAgy nmZvn b[vZ p[h[dflfy.

b<dDfvfSyfk p&st==t emZ aAkAreyn vfVelSnykfrFm t=lfn` ukhgnnA d[n<m pAdk ekAxegn E t=lfn m>LDr~m(Principales)egAwnHgAegn tfebZ. vfvfD g=r[k=l (Schools) bfhfv tfebZ.b<dDfvfSyfk p&st=t QAnvfBAgeyhflA vfV`elSNy ekernen adAl m>LDr~m hA g=r[k=l ek`$z&ekAxegn y. a[t[mZvfx Epistemologyyn vcny sf^hl BASAevn‘QAn mFm^sAv’ yn a#T%eyhfd eyAdA tfebZ.2emhf ‘mFm^sA’ ynn‘vFm^sA’yn pdeyn bfhfv<nkf. ‘vFm^sA’yn< vfmr~Vny yn`nyf.ehvt gevZSNyekAx vfmsAb[lFFm yn`nyf.E`an<v QAn mFm^sAv ynvcney a#T%y vn<eyd‘QAny pfLfbHdv vfmsAblA gevZSNy kfrFm yn`nyf.E an<v QAnmAr~gy yn vdn sHdhA‘QAn vfBAg y’hA‘QAn mFm^sAv’v[nf vdn ebAehA VAstF&y lfpfelKNvl eydFtfebZ.ekes vYvhArkLt` in l[ebn`en b<dDfvfSyfk p&st=t pfLfbHdv gevZSNykfrFm yn ar~Tymy.3

emZ VAst&Fy kRtfeydF adAL vcnt=n atrfn‘QAn mAr~gy’yn vcny mAtRkAekAxegn a[t`et QAn vfBAgy hA QAn mFm^sAv yn vcnedkxsAepOSkv‘QAn mAr~gy’yn vcny vwA phs<evn` etr[mZg[nFemZ h[kfyAv a[tf nfsAy.Eemn`m ebUdD sAr Dr~m pfLfbHd vfg&hy t=LdF‘QAn mAr~gy’yn pdy BAvftAkfrFmt=Lfn` vfg&hvn avebADkrg[nFemZ v[wf phs<vk` s[lesn b[vfnf.

mn<SYyyA tmA jFvtvn smAjprfsry an<v ymZ ymZ ed pfLfg[nFmx h<r[ krvn<l[b sfxfyf.emZ sAmAnY svBAvy hm<evhf p<dglyA QAny l[bFm sHdhA an<gmnykL y<t=v> nfv[rdf pfLfevt k=mk`d yn p&V`ny g[n EtrmZ uedYA`gyk enAdkvyf.Eeht b<z\smy emZ pfLfbHdv vfeVS un$z\vk dkvn<ey nfrvdY QAny l[bFm Ehf m<KY prmAr~Tyk` b[vfnf.Eb[vfn b<z\rjANn`vhnes VAstRvreyk= els hHz\n`vAz\n

1 kQ;k iudch iZoyd fn#oaO cSjk orAYkh"f.dv.u ux., ysus"Y@S ,Xld iuQmldrjsoHd,hSh uq|@Kd,h" fmd,af.d,a,"1998" 103 msgqj' 2 bx.@sis isxy, u,,fialr YnzofldaIh"cS'mS u,,fialr"weuz'vS'.Kfiak iy iud.u"fld<U"1998"iuzmQrAK fhka ixfYdaOs; kj ixialrKh"302 msgqj' 3 kQ;k iudch iZoyd fn#oaO cSjk orAYkh"f.dv.u ux., ysus"Y@S ,Xld iuQmldrjsoHd,hSh uq|@Kd,h" fmd,af.d,a,"1998" 104 msgqj'

QAnmAr~gy kver~d[yf vxhAg[nFemZdF Evkx anY VAstRvr[n kvrQAnmAr~g hHz\nAegn tfb<NAdyn`n vxhAgt y<t=y.1

ld,du iQ;@h jkdyS fn#oaO Z{dkudrA.h ms<snZoj .fjzIKhlrkakdjQ mrAfhaIlfhlyg Bg wjYHlr kakdjQ idOljYfhka .;yels w.kdu iQ;@foaYkdjlafjhs'2fuhgiudk Z{dkjsNd.Sh mokulskahqla;jQ iQ;@foaYkd ;@smsglfha fj;akuzta fndfyda fkdjshhelshs'3fuzksidu fmr wmros. fndfyda W.;kaf.a ksrka;r iuzNdjkdjg yd jspdrhg ,lajSug is|=jsh'ld,du iQ;@fhys oelshyelsjQ jsYsIaGu ,CIKh jkqfha th nqoaOshg muKlafkdj usksidf.a Ndj ika;rAmKhg wjYHwuq|@jHo fkduZoj tys wka;rA.;jk njhs'4

Ndjuh ika;rAmKh iZoyd i;rn@yau jsyrK b;du;a jsia;r iy.;j olajd we;'ld,du iQ;@foaYkdj ms<snZoj mrAfhaIKh lrk W.;kaf.a mrAfhaIK .@J:j, ud |=gq wvqmdvqjla jkqfha Tjqka ld,du iQ;@h jsjrKh lr;snqfka talfoaYslj muKlajSu'5jsfYaIjYfhka f,djz;rd nq|=jr fhlf.a Ou!hla jsjrKhlrk jsgyels;dla mqZM,a m@foaYhla lrd;ukaf.a jsjrKh me;srjSu ;,ska tu jsjrKfhahuzhuz wvqmdvq .enzfjzkuz yels;dla tu wvqmdvq uld.ekSug jevsbvlvla fuzuZ.ska ksrAudKh lr.ekSug bvm@ia;djkdj ie,fia'

Tjqka ld,du iQ;@fhys jsjrKh lr;snqfka m@;sfCIams; oijeoEreuz pska;kwOsldrsh ms<snZoj muKh' kuq;a mxpYS, m@;smodj"i;rn@yau jsyrKh"li, yd wli, uQ, i;rjeoEreuz pska;k iykYS,;djh ms<snZoj ld,du iQ;@h b;du;a jsYsIaG f,i olajk lreKqldrKd tu jsjrKj,ska b;du;a lK.dgqodhl f,i .s,sySf.dia ;snsKs'6fu ;;ajh;`< tajd mrsYS,khlrkakdjQ wh;< ld,duiQ;@h iuznJOfhka we;sjkafka yqfola nqoaOsjsIhsl"odrAYksl"m@dfhda.slFjfhka f;dr foaYkdjla ms<snZoj we;sjkakdjQ yeZ.Suuh'

nq|=kajykafia ljo;a m@fhda.slFjfhka neyerg .sh Ydia;Djrfhl fkdjSh';u Y@djlhkag me;a;lgjS is;is;d isgSug fyda uecslafmkajSug Wkajykafia flosklj;a W;aiqlfkdjSh' Wkajyka fiaf.a wrA:oelajSuz wkqj h:drA:l~Gm@dma;sh hkq(ksrAjdK m@;s,dNh) yqfola fud<h oshqKqlsrSu muKlafkdfjz'fud<hhkq ;j;a tla YdrSrsl bJ|@shhla muKs'th we;,; wka;rA.;jkqfhao fjkiajkakdjQ osrdhdug NdckhjkakdjQ lKq fjkakdjQ idudkHYdrSrsl |@jHuh'

yDohjia;j fyj;a yoj; hkqo YrSrhmqrd reOsrh ixirKhlrkq ,nkakdjQ ;j;a tla bJ|@shh ls'tho fud<h fukau jskdYjS hkakdjQ idudkHYdrSrsl |@jHj,ska ksrAus;jQjls'nq|=oyu miikafka;a oshqKqlsrSug Wmfoiafokafka;a fuz jskdYjShk lKqjShk YdrSrsl|@jHfkdfjz'tu YdrSrsl|@jH msysg fldg ls@hd;auljkakdjQ w;sYh ishquzjQ jsZ[aZ[dKuh"Ndjuh yeZ.Suz oekSuz moaO;sh flaJ|@fldg nsys jkakdjQ සාරධ�මmoaO;shhs'7 idudkH jHjydrfhaoS ukqIFjh fyj;a usksi;alu luska yeZoskafjkafka o thhs'kuq;a ukqIH ;,fhka neyerj fjk;a ;,j,oSo fuu සාරධ�ම!moaO;sh l@shd;auljknj nq|= iuh fya;idOl iys;j fmkajdoS we;s ksid සාරධ�ම!j,g ukqIHOu!hehs mejiSfuz huzlsis iSudiys; ;Fjhla we;euzfofklg jegyShkqwe;'

kuq;a fndfydajsg සාරධ�ම gslskagsl jO!kh lr;au ukqIHFjh oshqKqlrkafkahehs lshkq,efnz' සාරධ�ම!hkays jO!kh ukqIHFjfhka fl<jrjkakla fkdfjz'th ukqIFjfhka foajFjh olajdo foajFj fhka n@yauFjh olajdo n@yauFjfhka kej; bmoSu

1 Early Buddhist Theory of Knoledge,K.N.Jayatileka,(Motilal Banarisidass,Delhi)1980,p.170. 2 ld,du Ou!h"isrs iSj,S ysus"iuhjO!k fmd;ay,"fld<U"m@ia;djkdj"12 msgqj' 3 w' ks' 1";sl ksmd;h"uydj.a.h ld,duiq;a;h nq'c'uq' 377-343 msgq 4'iodpdrd;aul Z{dkh ms<snZo fn#oaO ixl,amh"(kdmdk fmauisrs Wmydr ix.@yh-1984)"mS'vS'fmauisrs"47msgqj 5'ld,du iQ;@h iy pska;k ksoyi"ik;a fla'kdkhlaldr"fn#oaO ixialD;sl uOHia:dkh"foysj,"2001' 6'Early Buddhist Theory of Knoledge,K.N.Jayatileka,1980.pp.231 &259. 7.idrOu! wOHdmkh"ta'tia'nd,iQrsh"jsfcAiQrsh .@J: flaka|@h"kqf.af.dv"1997'

wjikalsrSu olajdo .ukalrkakdjQ l@uslm@;smodj la Tiafia l@shd;aulfjz'fjk;a iuhjdohkays olsjkakdjQ සාරධ�ම jO!kh fuys by;iZoykal<djQ ukqIHFjfhka fyda foajFjfhka fyda n@yauFjfhka fl<jrjkakls'tnejska taajd wiuzmQrAKnejz nq|= iuh mjihs'1

tfukau nq|=iufhys iZoykajk සාරධ�මjO!kh YdrSrsl|@jHhkaf.aa ixjO!khla fkdjknejska nq|= iufhys iZoykajkakdjQ idrOrAuSh l~Gm@dma;shg m;ajkakdjQ iy m;ajqkdjQ ljru fyda W;ukajyka fiakulf.a tlS l~GM@dma;shg idOl t<jSuzjia YdrSrsl|@jHhkaf.a ixjO!kh f.kyer oelajsh fkd yel'Wkajykafia,do fiiq idudkH ukqIHhka fuka urKhg m;afj;s'frda.SNdjhg"uyZMjSug m;a fj;s'fjk;a YdrSrslWm|@jhkag uqyqKmd;s'urKfhka miqj ojilska"follska"i;sh;ska"uilska" wjqreoaolska ;nd l,amhlsks|= kej; ish fN#;slYrSrh kej;m@lD;s u;alrf.k woaN~;f,i usksiqka w;rg m@fjzYjSfuz yelshdjla Wkajykafia,dg ke;'2

tnZ|= wdYdjla hfulfj; fjhskuz thu ;uka ;ju සාරධ�මksIaGdjg fkdmeusK we;snjg idOlhls' nq|=oyfuz th Nj;Kaydj f,i olajd;sfnz'3nq|=iufhys olajkakdjQ idrOrAuSh ksIaGdj ukqIHFjfhkq;a Tnzng .ukalrkaklajk nejska tu idrOrAuSh ksIaGdj W;a;rS;r ukqIHOu! kdufhka oelafjz'tuksid nq|=iufhys iZoykajkakdjQ OHdk"iudOs"ud.!M, jeks සාරධ�මrAuSh ksIaGdj ka W;a;rS;rසාරධ�මkdufhka yZ|=kajd;sfnz'f,#lsl ,dNm@fhdack fjkqfjka fuu W;a;rS;r ukqIH Ou! yqjdoelajSu mjd b;d my;a kskaos; jQ fohlaf,i nq|=iuh wjOdrKh lrhs'4

ld,duiQ;@fhka js.@yjkakdjQ සාරධ�මyqfola nqoaOsjsIh muKla wruqKqlr.;a fohlafkdj by; iZoyka l< W;a;rS;r ukqIHOu! lrd iuzm@dma;jSug wjYHlrkakdjQ pska;kuh lY,;djh ukqIH hdyg ,ndoSfuz wruqKska foaYs;jQ iQ;@foaYkdjls'tuksid th jsjrKhl< hq;af;ao tu wruqK is; ;ndf.k th bgqjSug wjldY ie,fikakdjQ jd;djrKhla iliafldgoSfuz yeZ.Sfuks'5

p&Ag`ebUdD cfn`tnps<bfm pfLfbHd vfmsFmk`krn mhAcAr~y ek.En`.jytflk mhtA tty<gey cfn`tkyfn p&DAnekAxst=nkx ebdAdkvyf.EnmZ smZp&dAyvAdF (Traditionalists), b<dDvAdF (Rationalists) sh an<B+tfvAdF(Exprrientalists)vVeynf.6

emyfn smZp&dAyvAdFh<(Traditionalists) vVeyn s[lekn<ey m<HPmnfn`m pfxksmZp&dAeyn` hA vfvrNyn` egn QAny l[b>,evZdey aDfkArypfLfgt` bm<Nn` emZ ekAxsx g[en.mj~ODfm nfkAy II,sndks>t&ey pLm<pfrfs hHz\n`vAtfebn<ey ‘an<ssvfkA’yn nmfnf.V&[tfeyn`,a[sFemn, pfxk smZp&dAeyn` QAny lbn ayyf.E` s<tmy QAny ov<n`egn avDArNyevZ.sn`dk s>t&ey dF emZ k&my QAny l[bFmx s<z\s< enAvn bv avDArNykryf.E` kr[N< htrk pdnmZkr egny.EnmZ

(a)z\ss<tmZ’pf ehAtf-hrf d[n<mk edn a[sFmk vfyh[kfyf. (aA)z\ss<tmZ’pf ehAtf-v[rdf d[n<mk edn a[sFmk vfyh[kfyf. (a[)tTA’pf ehAtf-Eesd vfyh[kfyf. (a{)aHOdHHOdTA’pf ehAtf-an` ay<rk`d vfyh[kfyf.

stYtAv g[n sTfrvVeyn shtfk vfyenAh[kfnfsA V&[tfy ast=x<dAykiegn<mZ mHgkf.emZ smZp&dAy vAdF k&myxm a[t=HPvn QAnmAr~g syk(6)k` ld,duiQ;@fhaoS m@;afCIamlr ;sfnzz.

(a)an<ssv-a[sFemn` QAny l[bFm.

1 ;@smsglfhka fy<sjk nqoaO prs;h"Wvqydjr wdkkao ysus"weia'f.dvf.a iy fydaorfhda"fld<U"2000"32msgqj' 2 tu 83msgqj' 3 ucACOsu ksldh"pQ<iSykdo iQ;@h"nq'c'uq'159msgqj' 4 md' md"nq'c'uq' 5 w' ks' 1"NrKavq ld,du iQ;@h"nq'c'uq'"500msgqj' 6 Early Buddhist Theory of Knowledge,K.N.Jayatileke,Delhi,1980,p.170.

(aA)prmZprA-prmZprA kTAevn QAnyl[bFm. (a[)pfxk smZpd^-aAgmfk epAt ptx g[LepnnfsA pfLfg[nFm. (a{)itfkfrA-emZ vnAhF emesy[yf kF pmNfn` pfLfg[nFm. (i)smeNA enA gr{-apeg` V&mNyn`vhnes emes pvsAa[t[yf kFpmNfn` pfLfg[nFm. (I)BbZbr{ptA-s<z\s<kmZ slkA pfLfg[nFm.1

emZ k&m sym V&[tfyx ayt`vn atr E QAnmAr~g pfrfp<n` stY l[bFmx p&mANfk y[yf b<z\smy pfLfenAgnfyf.mfn` an<ssvyn<evn d[k`evnen kfsfymZ aAcAr~y prp<rkx ehA mtvAd prmZprAvkx ehA m>LDr~m pdDtfykx an<r{p ehA V&vNy mADYekAxegn Eym p&mANy ekAx pflfg[nFmyf.2

emm k&my QAnmAr~gyk` els b<z\smeyhfdF sArDr~m gNeyhflA eyAdAenAg[ennen kvr eh`t=vk nfsA d[yf vfmsA blm<.stY ehvt yTAr~Ty (yTAB+t QAndssn lbAg[nFm b<z\smeyn` nfr~edVvn sArDr~mFy nfSXAvvn b[vfn`) d[kFm b<z\dhemZ ek$z&&Fy sArDr~my b[vffn` E oses aenk=t sArDr~m epLg[svFemZdF emAnm ay<rkfnvt Eyx bADAvk a[tfenAvfy y<t=yf.3ymZkfsf vfDfk&mykx (Theory) bADAvk` EllevZnmZ,Em vfDfk&my eyAdAkrn< lbnkxy<t`t sr~vsmZp>r~N#vyx ptvFm sfz\ enAevZ.Eemnm sArDr~m gevZSNeyhflA eyAdAgnnA k&mevZd yd emhfdF sArDr~myk`(ebUdD QAn mAr~gy :Epistemology) els s[lekn atr(nfr~vANy: nferAD sty:ebUdD sArDr~myk`vnvfx Ey p&tYOSkfrFmx eyAdAgnnA k&mevZdyd:mAr~g sty d sArDr~myk` vnnAk emn`) Em k&mevZdyx b[h[rfn bADAvk` EllevZnmZ Em k&mevZdy nfsf ay<rfn BAvftAkr avsAn nfSXAvx p[mfNfy enAh[kf vn< a[t`ety.

emhfdF k&mevZdy vnAhF QAnmAr~gy vnb[vfn` QAnmAr~gyx bADAvn` Ell kLh[kek ekesd[yf esAyAb[lfy y<t=y.QAnmAr~gy vnAhF eBUtfkv>vk`enAevZ.Ey aADYAt`mfk hA menA vfdYAtmkv>vkf.4 aADYAtmfkt#vynx bADAvk` aADYAtmfk t#vyn`egnm pmNf.kfsfymZ bAhfr edyk mt d[wfv dRSXfmy vVeyn ElMg[nFm vfvRt mAnsfkBAvyx bADAvkf.Eyfn` mns aAvRtevZ.aAvRt mns aADYAtmfk k+X p&Aptfyx bADAvkf.QAnmAg%yx bADAvk`vnen s[bvfn`m emZ aAvRt mAnsfk t#vyyf.kAlAm s>t&ey ihtfn d[k`evn QAnmAr~g symaAvRt mAnsfk svBAvyn b[vfn asmZp>r~N QAnmAr~gb[vZ b<z\smy dk`vyf.

a[sFm(an<ssv) yn< V&vNy bAhfr aDfkArfykmt ElMg[nFmt=lfn aAvRtmAnsfk svBAv ykx ptvFmyf.aAvRt mAnsfksvBAvykdF nfsfay<rfn` p&HJHJAv hA sArDr~m pfbfHdFmx enAh[kf vn andemZ svBAvyk svBAveynm apeg mns ur[mkregn pvtF.E` t#vy yxet ‘an<ssvy’sAr~Tk hA sv%smZp>N% QAnmAr~gyk els pfLfg[nFm b<z\smeyn` b[h[rkrn< l[ebZ.5

I LHgx‘prmZprA’yn QAnmAr~gyd kAlAm s>t&eydF QAny pfbfdvFmx enAh[kf QAn mAr~gyk` els slkA p&tfeOSpekAx tfebZ.prmZprA yn< pArmZprfkv !kegn En<lbn aAklp pdDtfykf.emm pArmZprfk aAklp hrfd v[rdfd kfyA mnfn<lbn mfn<mZ dNwvfyy<t`et` b<dDfmy hA p&eyA`gfk ps<tly mfs Ey pArmZprfkv p[vetn edyk`y yn mfN<mZdNw pAdk ekAxegn enAevZ.pArmZprfkv p[vetn ekAyfedt` nfv[rdfy[yf Ehf Elbg[nFm vfvRt mAnsfk #veyn b[h[rvFmkf.mAnsfk aAvRtbvk,yxtvFm k`,vhlBAvyk emZt=lfn`jnft krn< lbyf.E` yxet sArDr~m ut`pdny kr g[nFemZ k&mevZdyk` els b<z\smy b[h[rkrn< l[ebZ.6

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I LHgx kAlAm s<t&eydF asmZp>r~N QANmAr~gyk els p&tfeOSpekAx a[t`et‘BbZbr{ptA vy (Potentiatity)’EnmZ ehAHdy[yf tmAeg` dRSXfyx v[xehn b[vfn QAnmAr~gyk` krg[nFm yf.8emhf a[tf vrdvnen` tmAdkfn ehAHdbv tmneg`m cft`t p&eOSpnykf.emZ yxet` tm sfet a[tf r[cfar[cf bv, str agtf svr{py sh p>r~v s^klpmt pdnmZv emm cft`t p&eOSpny n` sksvFmyf.Evfx ymZkfsf p&st=yk` hrfd v[rdfd kfyA Em p&st=ty sRj<v nfrFOSNyekAx vfmsnvA evn<vx sfz\krnen Em p&st=tyeds ihtkF tmAeg cft`tp&eOSpny nm[tf pAx kNnAwfyt=lfn` Eeds b[lFmyf.emZ mHgfn` yTAr~Tdr~VnyvnvA evn<vx adAL p&st=ty pfLfbHd vfkRtfv<n< menAcft&yk` mnes pfLfbfM<evZ.

fmm k&fyAvlfynfsA mns aAvrNyvFmkx lk`vn atr b<dDfmy k&fyAvlfykx Ey bADAvkf. vfprFt dRSXfyk` tmAeg mnes hxg[nFmx tm s^klpmy eh`t= udvZkrg[nFm mHgfn` mnes p[h[dflfbv n[tfevZ.sArDr~m pfLfbHdv a[tfkrgnnA vfnfVcyn` nfv[rdf E``vA enAvFm krNekAx egn jFvn p&tfpdAv ar~Tvt`krg[nFmx enAh[kfevZ.9

1 'tu' '295 msgqj 2 ffjosl hq.fhka fn#oaO hq.hg"jehsfyafka mZ[aZ[df,dal ysus"weuz'vS'.`Kfiak iy iud.u"fld<U"29msgqj' 3 ffjosl hq.fhka fn#oaO hq.hg"jehsfyafka mZ[aZ[df,dal ysus"weuz'vS'.Kfiak iy iud.u"fld<U"1964" 29msgqj'i;HiH i;Huz"i;HiH i;Huz"i;HiH i;Huz"i;HiH i;Huz" Ofu! ryiHuz"fjodka;%".yHdfoY%"mrux .`yHuz'Ofu! ryiHuz"fjodka;%".yHdfoY%"mrux .`yHuz'Ofu! ryiHuz"fjodka;%".yHdfoY%"mrux .`yHuz'Ofu! ryiHuz"fjodka;%".yHdfoY%"mrux .`yHuz' 4 The Thirteen Principal Upanishads,Oxford University press,London,1921,p.142. 5 Ndr;Sh b;sydih 1"tpz'gS'niakdhl"1993"54-55msgq' 6 w' ks";s;a:dh;k iq;a;"fn#'iuz'ixia'"598msgqj'mqnzfn l;x fLd mk NslaLfj idrf;d mpzpd .pzP;x k mqnzfn l;x fLd mk NslaLfj idrf;d mpzpd .pzP;x k mqnzfn l;x fLd mk NslaLfj idrf;d mpzpd .pzP;x k mqnzfn l;x fLd mk NslaLfj idrf;d mpzpd .pzP;x k fyd;s Pkafod jd jdhdfudjd box jd lrKshx boxjd wlrKSyka;s'b;s lrKShdlrKSfh fyd;s Pkafod jd jdhdfudjd box jd lrKshx boxjd wlrKSyka;s'b;s lrKShdlrKSfh fyd;s Pkafod jd jdhdfudjd box jd lrKshx boxjd wlrKSyka;s'b;s lrKShdlrKSfh fyd;s Pkafod jd jdhdfudjd box jd lrKshx boxjd wlrKSyka;s'b;s lrKShdlrKSfh fLdmk fLdmk fLdmk fLdmk ipzpf;d f:;f;d wkqm,nzNshudfk uqgzGiai;Skx wkdrlaLdkx jsyr;x k fyd;s mpzp;a;x iyOuzusfldipzpf;d f:;f;d wkqm,nzNshudfk uqgzGiai;Skx wkdrlaLdkx jsyr;x k fyd;s mpzp;a;x iyOuzusfldipzpf;d f:;f;d wkqm,nzNshudfk uqgzGiai;Skx wkdrlaLdkx jsyr;x k fyd;s mpzp;a;x iyOuzusfldipzpf;d f:;f;d wkqm,nzNshudfk uqgzGiai;Skx wkdrlaLdkx jsyr;x k fyd;s mpzp;a;x iyOuzusfld iuKjdfod' iuKjdfod' iuKjdfod' iuKjdfod' 7 oS' ks' 2"Wmd,s iq;a;"nq'c'uq'"60msgqj' 8 w' ks' 1";sl ksmd;"uydj.a. ld,du iq;a;"nq c uq'"377-343 msgq' 9 u' ks' 1"iSykdo j.a.h"pQ< iSykdo iq;a;"159msgqj'fofjudp NslaLfj osjzGsfhd'Nj osgzGs p jsNj osgzGs fofjudp NslaLfj osjzGsfhd'Nj osgzGs p jsNj osgzGs fofjudp NslaLfj osjzGsfhd'Nj osgzGs p jsNj osgzGs fofjudp NslaLfj osjzGsfhd'Nj osgzGs p jsNj osgzGs p''fm'''iuqohZ[p wF:.uZ[p wiaidoZ[p wdoSkjZ[p ksiairKZ[p h:dN~;x kmamcdkka;s"'''fm'''kp''fm'''iuqohZ[p wF:.uZ[p wiaidoZ[p wdoSkjZ[p ksiairKZ[p h:dN~;x kmamcdkka;s"'''fm'''kp''fm'''iuqohZ[p wF:.uZ[p wiaidoZ[p wdoSkjZ[p ksiairKZ[p h:dN~;x kmamcdkka;s"'''fm'''kp''fm'''iuqohZ[p wF:.uZ[p wiaidoZ[p wdoSkjZ[p ksiairKZ[p h:dN~;x kmamcdkka;s"'''fm'''k

NjHrEm;d hkak nq|=r|=kaf.a jspdrhg ,lajS m@;sfCIamjQjls'm@jSKhkaf.a u;h uska woyialrhs' lsishuz Ys,amhla.ek iuyrmqoa.,hka olajklY,;djh wkqj Tjqka lshkyeu fohlau wjspdrfhka ms<s.ekSuhs' fuhg fya;j hulalshk mqoa.,hd wkqj iuyreka ta lshkfoa ms<s.kakg leu;sjSuhs' iuyrjsg wm hula ms<s.kafka Tyqf.a ndysrm@isoaOsh wkqjhs'iufKda fkd .re hkafkysoS tu ndysr m@isoaOsh ms<s.kakg is|=fjhs' fuzjd fufia ms<s.kakg fya;j tfia ms<s.;afoa we;euzjsg i;Hjshyelshs' tfy;a wi;HjSugo mqZMjk'tksid fuzjd Z{dfkdamdhf,i fn#oaO orAYkh fkdms<s.kshs'jevsfokd hulams<s.;a muKska fkdjsuid ms<s.ekSula fn#oaO orAYkfhys fkdue;shs'iuyr wd.usl l;!Djreka g irAjZ{;dZ{dkhfkdue;sksid ta whf.a uqjska .s,sfyk ishZMjpk i;Hhehs ms<s.;hq;hehs iuyre lsh;s'

fuz wkqj hula nqoaO jpkhkuz th iqNdIs; jpkh hhs iuyre lsh;s'thg fya;j nq|=r|=kao irAjZ{nejsks'irAjZ{hkk nq|=r|=kajsiska sjsOdldrf,i js.@y fldgwe;'irAjZ{jSu fyda fkdjSu js.@yhg wkqjmj;S'th ;udg .e<fmknj iZoykafldgwe;'wfkla wd.uz j, irAjZ{ hkak ish,a, olS hkwrA:fhka f.kwe;'tfy;a iEufudfyd;u we;s irAjZ{njla ;ukajykafiag fkdue;snj nq|=rcdKkajykafia m@ldYl<y'ks.KaGkd:mq;a;yg iEufudfyd;lu mj;akd irAjZ{njla we;s nj lshhs'tfy;a tnZ|= irAjZ{njla fkdue;snjo th ms<s.;fkdyelsnjo ;ukajykafiag tnZ|= irAjZ{ njla fkdue;snjo th ms<s.;fkdyelsnjo ;ukajykafiag tnZ|=irAjZ{njla fkdue;snjo f;jscAcd jpzPf.d;a; iQ;@fhys iZoykalr;s'(u'ks'1"481msg"PTS)

;ukajykfia ieujsgu irAjZ{ hehs lshku;h m@;sfCIamlrk nq|=kajykafia hfula ud irAjZ{ hehs lshhskuz Tyqug wi;Hfhka fodaIdfrdamKh (wnzNdpslaLkh) lrknj;a"hfula ud ;@sjsoHd okafkahehs lshkafkakuz th kshu;;ajh m@ldYlsrSula hehs lsh;s' fuzz u;h ;yjqrelrk idOlh lakuz mgsiuzNsodu.a. yd l:dj;a:qjhk miqld,Sk lD;Skays (inznZ[aZC|+ inznoiaidjS)yer iZ.s idys;Hfhys lsisu;ekl nq|=rcdKkajykafia yeZoskajSug irAjZ{hk jpkh fkdfhoSuhs'

ihtkF eht=nfsA BbZbr{ptAvy ehvt yhpt`y[yf s^klpny krgnnAcft`t s^klpyn` mfN<mZ dHw< ekAxegn sArDr~m vfnfV`cyx lk`kfrFm prfp>N% QAnmAr~gFy kxy<ttk enAvnbv b<z\smy pvsA Ey b[h[rkryf.ihtfn` sAkcZCAkL ekAxs sfyll ayt`vnen smZp&dAy vAdFn`xyf.1

I LHg ekAxs b<dDfvAdFh<y(Rationalists) emZ ekAxsx v[exnen p[rNf upnfSd` eBUtfk vAdFn`, s^VyvAdFn`,eBUtfkvAdFn` hA aAjFvkyn atrfn` v[wf edenk=ty.tr~ky hA an<mAny emAv<n vfsfn` QAnmAr~gyels pfLfgnF.emZ pfrfs hHz\nvA tfebnen‘tkkf vfm^sF’nmfnf.tr~ky mHgfn lbn QAny pfrfp<n` QAnyk h[xfyx pfLfgn`nA ekAxsyf.E` cfntAmy QAny ov<n` egn avDArNyevZ.sn`dk s>t&eydF emm k&myd QAnyl[bFmx enAs<z\s<bv avDArNykrtfebZ. E`d kr[N< strk` pAdkkr egny.2

(a)s<tk`tf tmZ’pf ehAtf-hrf d[n<mk edn tr~kyk` vfyh[kfy.

(aA)z\t`tktfkmZ’pf ehAtf-v[rdf d[n<mk` edn tr~kyk` vfyh[kfy.

(a[)tTA’pf ehAtf-Eesd vfyh[kfyf.

(a{)aHOdHOdTA’pf ehAtf-an` ay<rk`d vfyh[kfy.3

stYtAv g[n sTfr vVeyn shtfkvfy enAh[kfnfsA tr~kyd ast=x<dAyk d[n<mZ mHgkf. emZ b<dDfvAdF k&myxm a[t=HPvn QAnmAr~g strk(4)kAlAm s<t&eydF asmZp>r~N QnmAr~g vVeyn slkA p&tfeOSp kr tfebZ.E`vAnmZ

mrsuqpzpka;s cd;shd crdh urfKk fidflys mrsfofjys |=lafLys fodukiafiys Wmdhdfiys'k mrsuqpzpka;s cd;shd crdh urfKk fidflys mrsfofjys |=lafLys fodukiafiys Wmdhdfiys'k mrsuqpzpka;s cd;shd crdh urfKk fidflys mrsfofjys |=lafLys fodukiafiys Wmdhdfiys'k mrsuqpzpka;s cd;shd crdh urfKk fidflys mrsfofjys |=lafLys fodukiafiys Wmdhdfiys'k mrsuqpzpka;s |=laLiaud;s jodus'mrsuqpzpka;s |=laLiaud;s jodus'mrsuqpzpka;s |=laLiaud;s jodus'mrsuqpzpka;s |=laLiaud;s jodus' 1 Early Buddhist Theory of Knowledge,K.N.Jayatileke,Delhi,1980,p.170. 2 u' ks' 2"ikaol iq;a;"nq'c'uq'"322msgqj' 3 u' ks' 2 ikaol iq;a; nq c uq 322 msgqj

(a)tkk eht=-tr~kyx EkHgb[vfn` pfLfg[nFm.

(aA)ny eht=-nYAn>k+lb[vfn pfLfg[nFm.

(a[)aAkAr prfvftkk-ay<r[ vfsfn` pfLfg[nFm.

(a{)dfxZXf nfj~ODAnkKn`tf-tm dRSXfyx EkHgy[yf pflfg[nFm.

kAlAm s>t&ey sHdhn`vn emm QAnmAr~g strm‘tkkf vfm^sF’ehvt tr~ky mHgfn lbn QAny pfrfp<n` QAnmAr~gykels pfLfgnF.Eeht b<z\smy pfrfp<n` stYy l[bFmx ihtkF QAn mAr~g str asmt ehyfn tr~ky QAny l[bFemZ Ekm mAr~gyels p&mANykr g[nFm b<z\ smy b[h[rkryf.1

emm b<dDfvAdF(Rationalists) ekAxsx aytvn kAlAm s>t&eyhf epenn QAnmAr~gyk vn<ey‘tkk eht=(Logical Implication)’nmZ tr~ky Ekm QAnmAr~gy vVeyn pfLfgt ekAxsyf.2b&AhmN smZp&dAy yxet` upnfSdy<gyt=L bfhfv> Em b&Ah`mN smZp&dAey yAgy hA yQy ynedekhf amAn<Sfk mn<SY hA s#vGAtnvlx vfr[dDv vferADAklp egAn<kLpfrfs ov<n`eg‘tr~ky’upeyA`gFkrgth.stY vVeynm upnfSdy<gyt=L bfhfv> aAgmfk kNwAymZ upnfSd a[t[mZ ig[nvFmZ p&kAVkL ay mns eBUtfk p&st=tyk vVeyn s[lk+h.3CAe$dA`gY upnfSdey p&DAn dAr~VnfkyA els s[lekn uddAlk aAr[NF (egUtm) sRSfvryA emZ mty d[r{ aeykf.oh< mns aAtmeyn` evnv> eBUtfk z&vYyk vVeyn hHz\n`vA tfebZ.4

emm adhs upnfSd ig[nvFmZt=lfn` mt=v<en` s#vGAtn vfm<k`tfy p[t+ hf^sAvAdF b&Ah`mN ig[nvFmZvlx vfr[dDvFmx Em ig[nvFmZvlx phrg[sFmx prm sArDr~myk avfhf^sAvk`els ov<n vfsfn` s[lk+b[vfnf.5nm<t eBUtfkvAdF rAm<vkpfx sArDr~mpfLfbHd kfsfz\ aAcArvfdYAt`mk ps<bfmk` bl enAp[v[t`evn bv ov<n`x v[xhFmk enAvfnf.emZ nfsA sArDr~mFy pOSeyn emZ upnfSd ig[nvfmZ asmZp>r~Nels s[lek`.V&mN smZp&dAy atrfn` ajftekskmZbl d[r{ eBUtfkvAdF dr~Vnyd aytvn`en emm ekAxsxyf.6

cAr~vAk dr~Vny mHgfnd emm eBUtfkvAdFig[nvFmZVktfmt`vfy.7kAlAms>t&eydF emm ig[nvFmZ pffrfp<n` QAnmAr~gels pflfenAgnen sArDm% vD%ny sHdhA inkfsfz\ pfx<vhlk enAs[lesn h<z\ eBUtfkvAdF ig[nvFmkb[vfnf.tr~ky g=r[krgt tvtekAxsk v>ey s^Vy vAdFn` ehvt s[ky pAdkkr sfy ig[nvfmZ idfrfpt`kL aAgmfk smZp&dAyyf.

1 w' ks' 1";sl ksmd;h"uydj.a. ld,du iq;a;"nq'c'uq"377-343 msgqj' 2 u' ks' 2"ikaol iq;a;"nq'c'uq"322msgqj' 3 Ndr;Sh oY!kh"kdrdjs, Ouzur;k ysus yd yevsmkak, mZ[aZ[df,dal ysus"jsoHd,xldr hka;@d,h"le<Ksh" 1950"14msgqj' 4 Pdkafoda.H WmksIoh"1'1'1"Tusf;H;oCIruqo.S:uqmdiS; Tus;shH+oa.dh;s ;fiHdm jHdLHdkuz'Tusf;H;oCIruqo.S:uqmdiS; Tus;shH+oa.dh;s ;fiHdm jHdLHdkuz'Tusf;H;oCIruqo.S:uqmdiS; Tus;shH+oa.dh;s ;fiHdm jHdLHdkuz'Tusf;H;oCIruqo.S:uqmdiS; Tus;shH+oa.dh;s ;fiHdm jHdLHdkuz' 5 ixCIsma; Ndr;Sh orAYkh"weuz'ysrshka;"wOHdmk fomdrA;fuzkafjz m@ldYkh"fld<U"1970"xixmsgqj' 6 oS' ks' 1"iduZ[aZ[M, iq;a;"nq'c'uq"96msgqj'k;a:s uydrdc oskakx k;a:s hsgzGx k;a:s yq;x"k;a:s iqlg k;a:s uydrdc oskakx k;a:s hsgzGx k;a:s yq;x"k;a:s iqlg k;a:s uydrdc oskakx k;a:s hsgzGx k;a:s yq;x"k;a:s iqlg k;a:s uydrdc oskakx k;a:s hsgzGx k;a:s yq;x"k;a:s iqlg |=lalgdkx luzudkx M,x jsmdfld"k;a:s whx f,dfld'k;a:s mfrd f,dfld'k;a:s ud;d'k;a:s ms;d'k;a:s |=lalgdkx luzudkx M,x jsmdfld"k;a:s whx f,dfld'k;a:s mfrd f,dfld'k;a:s ud;d'k;a:s ms;d'k;a:s |=lalgdkx luzudkx M,x jsmdfld"k;a:s whx f,dfld'k;a:s mfrd f,dfld'k;a:s ud;d'k;a:s ms;d'k;a:s |=lalgdkx luzudkx M,x jsmdfld"k;a:s whx f,dfld'k;a:s mfrd f,dfld'k;a:s ud;d'k;a:s ms;d'k;a:s i;a:d Tzmmd;sld k;i;a:d Tzmmd;sld k;i;a:d Tzmmd;sld k;i;a:d Tzmmd;sld k;a:s f,dfl iuKn@dyauKd iuzu.a.;d iuzud mgsmkakd fh bux p f,dlx mrx p a:s f,dfl iuKn@dyauKd iuzu.a.;d iuzud mgsmkakd fh bux p f,dlx mrx p a:s f,dfl iuKn@dyauKd iuzu.a.;d iuzud mgsmkakd fh bux p f,dlx mrx p a:s f,dfl iuKn@dyauKd iuzu.a.;d iuzud mgsmkakd fh bux p f,dlx mrx p f,dlx ihx wNsZ[aZ[d ipzPslFjd'mfjoka;s' f,dlx ihx wNsZ[aZ[d ipzPslFjd'mfjoka;s' f,dlx ihx wNsZ[aZ[d ipzPslFjd'mfjoka;s' f,dlx ihx wNsZ[aZ[d ipzPslFjd'mfjoka;s' 7 pdrAjdl orAYkfhys wdoS l;Djrhd ms<snZo jsjsO u;hka mj;S'flfiafj;;a uq,afmf,a WmksIoa iDISka w;r ihq.ajd ffrCp kuz iDIsjrfhlq jQ nj;a fudyqf.a b.ekajSuz fN#;sljdoS pska;khg mokuzjQ nj;a i,lkq ,efnz'

V&mN smZp&dAy atrfn` s^jy ebllxZXfp<t`t VAstRvryA embHz\ aAgmfk ig[nvFmk` idfrfpt`kL ekenkf.1oh<eg ig[nvFmZ amrAvfk`eKZpvAdy nmfn h[Hdfnevn aeQyvAdF,s^VyvAdF sTAvryk a[s<r[ kLAv> dr~Vn mAr~gyk`vfy.QAnmAr~gy vVeyn oh<BAvftAkL s^VyvAdF sTAvry kfsfz\ sArDm% vD%n k&fyAvlfykx t=w< enAz\n` ig[nvFmk vfy.Eyfn` p&DAn vVeyn sfz\ekr[en dRSXfg&hNy kfrFemn v[LkFsfxFm pmNf.sArDm%vD%nykfrFemZ kfsfz\ pflfevtk idfrfpt` enAv> nfsAm emm ig[nvFmZ QAn mAr~gyk` els asmZp>r~N aAvRt v[s<N< mAnsfk mxZxmk bfhfkrvnnAv> mtvAd vfy.

EmnfsA QAnmAr~gyk`els emm s^VyvAdFn`eg ig[nvFmZ asmZp>r~Nb[vfn` kAlAm s>t&y mHgfn` E`vA b[h[reker~.emm ekAxs aytvn<eyd b<dDfvAdFn`vn(Rationalists)tr~ky hA an<mAny p&mANekAxgt pfrfsxyf.b<dDfvAdF ekAxs aytvn ILHg ekAxsvn<ey aAjFvky ny.aAjFvkeyA` akfrfyvAdy ek$z&ekAxgt aeht=kvAdy s^sAr V=dDvAdy v[nf ig[nvFmZ d[r{h.aAjFvkeyA pArmZprfk g=r[vr[n tfedenk= g[n vfV`vAs kLh.nndvcZc,kfs s^kfcZc, yn p>r~v g=r[vr[n`x ant=r[v ov<n`eg Dm%y p&cArykL etevnf g=r[vryAv>ey V&mN smZp&dAyxayt` mk`KlF egAsAly.

aAjFvkyn`eg nAykyAels h[Hdfn`evn mkKlF egAsAl pfLfbHdv eejnyn`eg psevnf a^gy v> BAgvtF s>t&eyhfsHdhnevnen mk`KlF egAsAl pfHw<sfHgA v[LdFemn jFvfkAv egngfy p<dgl eyk= bvyf.mk`KlF egAsAl idfrfptkL nfytfs^gtfvAdy (Determinism)mHgfn p<d`gl svcZC$dtA vy(Free Will)p&tfeOSpvn b[vfn` vfvRt mAnsfkt#vykx E mHgfn` bADAvnbvt emes aAvRt mAnsfkbv eht=ekAxegn sArDm% pOSeyn` mfnfs<n` agtfgAmFkrvn dhmkbvt` kfyA b<z\ rz\n` itA tdfn` emm QAnmAr~gy p&tfeOSpkL ay<r[ a^g=t`trnfkAey dk`nx l[ebZ.‘mkKlF’ nmZ emA`Gp<r[SyA mfnfs<nalln ekmnkv[nfyyf EhfdF b<z\rz\n dk`vAtfebZ.2a[t[mZ vfx sAmAnY epAz\jntAv atr emAh<eg` Dr~my ebehvfn` jnp&fyv pvtfnnx a[tfbv iht b<z\rz\n` emAh<eg Dr~myx mfnfs<n` vsHgvgfybv dk`vnld sHdhn an<v epen.

;rAlh ;j;a Z{dfkdamdhls'yq|=flaj, ;rAlhu u;msysgd Z{dkh ,oyelshehs nq|=kajykafia fkd jod<y' tuksid ;rAlhu;Z{dkh,enSu nq|=r|=kag wNsu;fkdfjz'mlOlpzpdhk bosrsm;alf<a ;rAlh u; f.dvkeZ.Kq orAYkhls'3;lalmrsydlfoa i;HjSug wi;HjSugo bvwe;'tfy;a i;Hh ks;ru ;rAldkQl~,hs'fn#oaO orAYkfha w.hlrkafka m@;HCIKfhka m@;Hd;aufjzokShjYfhka ,nd.kakd Z{dkhhs'(mpzp;a;x fjzos;nzfnda jsZ[aZC|+yS;s)Y@e;shg yd wdma;hg nq|=iuh myrfokafka tnejsks'4

;rAlfhka fyda Y@e;sfhka fyda wdma;fhkafyda fkdj hulams<s.;hq;af;a Z{dkhu fufyhjdnj;a nqoaOjpkh mjd tfia Z{dkh fufyhjd ms<s.;hq;nj;a"ld,duiQ;@fhys iZoykalr;s'fn#oaO b.ekajSuz wkqj ;rAlYnzofhka .uHjk wrA:lsysmhlawe;'5nq|=iufhys ;rAlh m@;sfCIamlrkafka thska lskuzwrA:hlskao hk nj jsuishhq;hs'thg fya;j nq|=iufhyso

1 oS' ks' 1"iduZ[aZ[M, iq;a;"nq'c'uq'"98msgqj' 2 w' ks' 1"tll ksmd;h"nq'c'uq'rd.x NslaLfjz wZ[afZ[a talmq.a.,uzms iukqmiaidus'fhd tjx nyqckNslaLfjz wZ[afZ[a talmq.a.,uzms iukqmiaidus'fhd tjx nyqckNslaLfjz wZ[afZ[a talmq.a.,uzms iukqmiaidus'fhd tjx nyqckNslaLfjz wZ[afZ[a talmq.a.,uzms iukqmiaidus'fhd tjx nyqck ys;dh ys;dh ys;dh ys;dh mgsmkafkd nyqck wiqLdh nyqf;d ckiai wkJ:dh wys;dh |=mgsmkafkd nyqck wiqLdh nyqf;d ckiai wkJ:dh wys;dh |=mgsmkafkd nyqck wiqLdh nyqf;d ckiai wkJ:dh wys;dh |=mgsmkafkd nyqck wiqLdh nyqf;d ckiai wkJ:dh wys;dh |=laLdh fojukqiaidkx h:hsox NslaLfjz laLdh fojukqiaidkx h:hsox NslaLfjz laLdh fojukqiaidkx h:hsox NslaLfjz laLdh fojukqiaidkx h:hsox NslaLfjz ulaL,S fuda> mqrsfida'ulaL,S fuda> mqrsfida'ulaL,S fuda> mqrsfida'ulaL,S fuda> mqrsfida' 3 oS' ks' 1"iduZ[aZ[M, iq;a;"nq'c'uq"98msgqj'kF:s kF:s yka;djd >df;;djd fid;djd idfj;d jd jsZ[aZ[d 'kF:s kF:s yka;djd >df;;djd fid;djd idfj;d jd jsZ[aZ[d 'kF:s kF:s yka;djd >df;;djd fid;djd idfj;d jd jsZ[aZ[d 'kF:s kF:s yka;djd >df;;djd fid;djd idfj;d jd jsZ[aZ[d ;d jd jsZ[aZ[dfm;d jd fhdms ;sKafyk i;af:k iSix csJo;s'k fldps lZ[aps cSjs;d fjdfrdfm;s' ;d jd jsZ[aZ[dfm;d jd fhdms ;sKafyk i;af:k iSix csJo;s'k fldps lZ[aps cSjs;d fjdfrdfm;s' ;d jd jsZ[aZ[dfm;d jd fhdms ;sKafyk i;af:k iSix csJo;s'k fldps lZ[aps cSjs;d fjdfrdfm;s' ;d jd jsZ[aZ[dfm;d jd fhdms ;sKafyk i;af:k iSix csJo;s'k fldps lZ[aps cSjs;d fjdfrdfm;s' i;a;kakx fi;a;kakx fi;a;kakx fi;a;kakx fhj ldhdkx wka;frAk i;a:x jsjrukqm; ;S;s'hj ldhdkx wka;frAk i;a:x jsjrukqm; ;S;s'hj ldhdkx wka;frAk i;a:x jsjrukqm; ;S;s'hj ldhdkx wka;frAk i;a:x jsjrukqm; ;S;s' 4 kQ;k iudch iZoyd fn#oaO cSjk orAYkh"f.dv.u ux., ysus"Y@S ,xld iuQmldr jsoHd,hSh uq|@Kd,h" fmd,af.d,a,"1998"115 msgqj' 5 u' ks' 2"ikaol iq;a;"nq'c'uq"322msgqj'

;rAlh ;rAlh tla;rd iSus; m@udKhlg Wmfhda.Slr.kakdnejsks'tkuz fn#oaO Ndjkdl@u.ek lshkjsg m@:uOHdk .; mqoa.,hdg ;u is;js,s yiqrejd.ekSfuzoS ;rAlh wjYHnj iZoykalr;s'(oS'ks 1"73-75'182-183' u'ks'1" 159'181&435-436 w'ks'1"53&188msg P.T.S.)

ta wkqj ;rAl Ynzofhka .uHk wrA:lsysmhla we;'thska fn#oaO orAYkd.; Z{dkudrA.h ms<s.kafka lskuz wrA:fhkao $

(w);rAlh hkq wodk.@dySfkdjknjhs'fuz wrA:fhka nq|=rcdKkajykafia ;rAlhm@;sfCIamfkdlr;s'ud wkqiaifjzk hk ;kays fuka wjspdrj;af,i .ekSfuzoS ;rAlh m@;sfCIamlr;s'

(wd)ifya;lnj(iksodkx imamdgsydrshx)hk wrA:h ;rAlkfhka .efkhs'imamdgsydrshx nqoafOda Ouzuxfofia;s' hkqfjka fhfokksid ifya;lnj fn#oaO orAYkfhys ms<s.efkhs'tuksid ifya;lnj hk wrA:fhkao nq|=rcdKkajykafia ;rAlh m@;sfCIamfkdlr;s'1

(we)jspdrmQrAjl jsoHd;aulnjo ;rAlfhka n,dfmdfrd;a;fjhs'fuz wrA:fhkao fkdfjz fn#oaO orAYkfha ;rAlh m@;sfCIam lrkafka'2

fn#oaO orAYkfhys ;rAlh m@;sfCIamlrkafka lukwrA:hlskao hkakg fydZou ksorAYkhla ikaol iQ;@fhys ths'tawkqj fmfkkafka th lsishuz m@d.dkQN~; ks.duS;rAll@uhla wkqj pska;k Yla;sh fufyh jSfuka tla;rdl@shd moaO;shla wkqj ,efnkaklanjhs'm@d.dkQN~;j ;rAlfldg jsjsO ks.ukf.k h:dfndaO ;;ajh .ek wjfndaOhla ,nd.;fkdyelsnj nq|=rcdKkajykafia jod<y'ud ;lalfya; hkafkka thhs Wkajykafia foaYkdlf<a'tu wrA:fhka ;rAlh m@;sfCIamjsh'ks.duSf,i ;rAl lsrSfuka iuyrjsg wfmaCIs; i;Hfhys Pdhdud;@hla fyda ,efnkakg;a mqZMjk'iuyrjsg fkd ,efnkakg;a mqZMjk'tuksid ;rAlh iuyr jsg i;H jkakg;a bvwe;'wi;Hfjkakg;a bvwe;' tnejska nq|=rcdKkajykafia ;rAlh m@;sfCIaml<y'

b<dDfvAdF(Rationalists)ekAxsx aytvn kAlAm s>t&eyhf asmZp>r~N QAnmAr~gyk` els p&tfeOSpkL ILHg smZp&dAynmZ‘nYAy eht=(Nomological Implication)’yn nYAy pdnmZkr ymZkfsf p&st=tyk` pfLfbHdv sArDm% vfnfV`cykx EleMn`nAv> smZp&dAyyf.nYAy p&mANkrgnnA QAnmAr~gy nYAydr~Vnyyf.3nYAy VbZdey p[t=r[N<(vYApt)aT%ynmZ‘p&mANy mHgfn aT% prFOSNy’yn<yf.elA`keyhf dty<t= sfyllm p&tY OSAdF ct=r~vfD p&mANyn`egn prFOSAkrn ehyfn` emZ dr~Vny nYAy nmfn p&sfdDy.Em ct=r~vfD p&mANnmZ,p&tYOSy,an<mAny,upmAn hA VbZdyyf.4an<mAn p&mANeyhfEn p&tfQAdF pHOdcAvyv vAkYeyAm‘nYAy’VbZdey vfeV`SAr~T yyf.5p&tYOSeyhf nYAyyx avkAVykn[t.nYAeyhf p[v[t`man<mAneyhfmy.

p&tYOS aAgm edkfn dk`nAld edy an<v ap&tYOS edyd an<mAneyn avebA`Dkrnehyfn` an<mAn sADkv> nYAy an`vFOSAyyfd an`vFOS vVeyn pvt`nA

1 u' ks' 1"uyd hul j.a.h"uyd ipzpl iq;a;"nq'c'uq"584msgqj'jsjspzfpj ldfuys jsjpzp wl`if,ys jsjspzfpj ldfuys jsjpzp wl`if,ys jsjspzfpj ldfuys jsjpzp wl`if,ys jsjspzfpj ldfuys jsjpzp wl`if,ys Ouzfuys ijs;lalx ijspdrx jsfjlcx mS;siqLx mGux COdkx WmiuzmcAc jsydisx'Ouzfuys ijs;lalx ijspdrx jsfjlcx mS;siqLx mGux COdkx WmiuzmcAc jsydisx'Ouzfuys ijs;lalx ijspdrx jsfjlcx mS;siqLx mGux COdkx WmiuzmcAc jsydisx'Ouzfuys ijs;lalx ijspdrx jsfjlcx mS;siqLx mGux COdkx WmiuzmcAc jsydisx' 2 u' ks' 1"Tmuzu j.a.h"pQ< idfrdamu iq;a;"nq'c'uq"488msgqj"bO n@dysuK NslaLq jsjspzfpj ldfuysbO n@dysuK NslaLq jsjspzfpj ldfuysbO n@dysuK NslaLq jsjspzfpj ldfuysbO n@dysuK NslaLq jsjspzfpj ldfuys jsjspzpjsjspzpjsjspzpjsjspzp wl`if,ys Ouzfuys ijs;lalx ijspdrx jsfjzlcx mS;siqLx mGuCOdkx WmiuzmcAc jsyr;s'whuzms wl`if,ys Ouzfuys ijs;lalx ijspdrx jsfjzlcx mS;siqLx mGuCOdkx WmiuzmcAc jsyr;s'whuzms wl`if,ys Ouzfuys ijs;lalx ijspdrx jsfjzlcx mS;siqLx mGuCOdkx WmiuzmcAc jsyr;s'whuzms wl`if,ys Ouzfuys ijs;lalx ijspdrx jsfjzlcx mS;siqLx mGuCOdkx WmiuzmcAc jsyr;s'whuzms fLd n@dyauK Ouzfud Z[dKoiaifkk W;a;rs;frd p mKS;;rdp'fLd n@dyauK Ouzfud Z[dKoiaifkk W;a;rs;frd p mKS;;rdp'fLd n@dyauK Ouzfud Z[dKoiaifkk W;a;rs;frd p mKS;;rdp'fLd n@dyauK Ouzfud Z[dKoiaifkk W;a;rs;frd p mKS;;rdp' 3 kHdh NdIHh"1'1'1"m@udffKr:!mrSlaIKx kHdh%'"m@udffKr:!mrSlaIKx kHdh%'"m@udffKr:!mrSlaIKx kHdh%'"m@udffKr:!mrSlaIKx kHdh%' 4 kHdh orAYkh"wCImdo kHdh iQ;@"1'1'3"m@;HCIdkqudk Wmudj Ynzo'"m@;HCIdkqudk Wmudj Ynzo'"m@;HCIdkqudk Wmudj Ynzo'"m@;HCIdkqudk Wmudj Ynzo' 5 kHdh iQ;@"1'1'32'

ehyfn`‘anvFOSFy vfdYA’y[yfd nYAy VAst&y hHz\n`vn< l[ebZ.1emhf p&tYOSy p&mANyk` vVeyn nYAyvAdFn` p&mAN kr gnnA nm<z\ Ehf aw<pAw<kmZ shfty.emAv<neg p&DAn p&mANy els g[ennen an<mAnyyf. nYAyx an<k+lv> an<mAnyyf. nYAy vnAhF s^klpFyb[vfn` mAnsfk aAvRtbvk` p[en`.EmnfsA emAv<n` p&mANkrgnnA kfsfz\ p&st=tykfn` p>N%mAnsfk vfksftbvk a[tfkrvFemhflA asmt`vn b[vfn` emAv<n` idfrfpt krnnAv> QAnmAr~gy smZp>r~N QANmAr~gyk els b<z\smy pfLf enAgnF.

sArDm% vD%neyhflA emZ QAnmAr~gy ast=x<dAyky.Eemnm an<mAn p&mANy BAvftA ekAx QAny gevZSNykfrFemZdF Ix BAvftAkrn ld nAmyknmZ tr~kyyf.tr~kyx amtrv‘vAd’ nAmeyn g[enn tr~myx s<z\s< eh`t= idfrfpt`kfrFmd kr a[t.emesehyfn kAlAm s>t&ey dk`vn aAkAryx sArDr~m pfbfHdvFm sHdhA avVYkrn cfntn nfdhs p>r~NvVeyn nYAy g=r[ekAxgt emZ kNwAymZ t=lfn p&mANy enAkrnldbv epen.

khfya; nq|=rcdKkajykafia jsiska m@;sfCIams; wgfjks Z{dfkdamdhhhs'khfya; ms<snZoj jsuiSfuz oS jsfYaIfhka wmf.a wjOdkh ffck ima;Nx.SkHdh(wfkaldka;jdoh) yd wkqudkm@udKhflfrys wjOdkh fhduql<hq;h'2ffckYdia;D jO!udk uydjSr nq|=r|=ka Orudk ld,fhysu ush.shnj ld,duiQ;@fhysu iZoykajnejska Wkjykafiaf.a iuld,slfhl jYfhka Tyqf.a bekajSuflfrys ie,ls,a, fhduqlsrSu jeo.;ah'ffck ima;Nx.Skho Tyqf.a foaYkdjls'iHdoajdohhkqo fuhgu jHjydrjkakls'ffckd.u f.dvkeZ.S we;af;a tu iHdoajdoh fkdfyd;a ima;Nx.S kHdhu; nj (iHdoajdfodNs ffckd.u imnScuz)ffck orAYkidrkuz lD;shg wkqj ks.ukh l<yelshs' wfkla w;g iHdoajdoh wfkaldka;njo iZoykal<hq;hs'

wfkaldka; isoaOdka;h tys mokuh'(iHdoajdo uxcrS'ldrsld5)(iHdos;s wjHhx wfkaldkiHdos;s wjHhx wfkaldkiHdos;s wjHhx wfkaldkiHdos;s wjHhx wfkaldkaaaa;;;; foHda;lx l;%iHdoajdfod wfkaldka;jdfoda ks;H wks;HdoS wfkalOrAu YnffoHda;lx l;%iHdoajdfod wfkaldka;jdfoda ks;H wks;HdoS wfkalOrAu YnffoHda;lx l;%iHdoajdfod wfkaldka;jdfoda ks;H wks;HdoS wfkalOrAu YnffoHda;lx l;%iHdoajdfod wfkaldka;jdfoda ks;H wks;HdoS wfkalOrAu Ynff,l jia;` wNm@m.uf,l jia;` wNm@m.uf,l jia;` wNm@m.uf,l jia;` wNm@m.u b;s)iHdoa wia;b;s)iHdoa wia;b;s)iHdoa wia;b;s)iHdoa wia; s(hula ta iajrEmfhkau jSu)iHdoa kdia;)iHdoa kdia;)iHdoa kdia;)iHdoa kdia;s(hul fkd;snSu)iHdoa iHdoa iHdoa iHdoa wjla;jHhwjla;jHhwjla;jHhwjla;jHh(huzlsisjla fjzkuz thg ysus;;ajh lsjfkdyelsnj fkdfyd;a wksrAjpkShnj)iHdoia;s kdia;Hjla;jH)iHdoia;s kdia;Hjla;jH)iHdoia;s kdia;Hjla;jH)iHdoia;s kdia;Hjla;jH(hula we;snjla fyda ke;snjla fyda lsjfkdyelsnj)fuz ima;Nx.S khhs'

f,#lsl pska;kh oshqKqjSug(bO f,dal pska;dh)usi mrf,dj oshqKqj iZoyd(mrf,dal pska;dhmrf,dal pska;dhmrf,dal pska;dhmrf,dal pska;dh) fuzjd fya; fkdjknj;a"funZ|= m@udKhkaf.ka t<fUk pska;k ksYaps; jYfhka i;Hhehs ks.ukh l< fkdyelsnj;a" idudkH Z{dkhusi mQrAKm@;HCIZ{dkhla fuzuZ.ska fkd,efnknj;a"tuksid Z{dfkdmdhf,i fuzjd .;fkdyelsnj;a fn#oaO u;hhs'

Z{dfkdamdhhla jYfhka ;;ald,Sk iuyrodrAYkslhkajsiska wkqudkho ms<sf.k we;'mgspzp iuqmamdoh jsia;rlrk iuyrwjia:dj, wkajhZ{dkh.ek iZoyka fjz'ld,hla ;siafia m@jD;a;jQ isoaOshl taliajrEmh foin,d th wkd.;ld,fhys is|=fj;ehs fuhska woyialrhs'fn#oaO orAYk fhys wkqudkhg ,efnk;ek wkqudk iQ;@fhys iZoykafjhs'tludkhla wkqj ;j;audkhla .ekSu wkqudkhhs'flfkla ;uka.ek is;uska wkqka.eko tfiau is;hskuz thidjoH jQjlanj nqoaOjpkfhys iZoykaj we;'(u'ks'1"97msg P.T.S.)wkqudkfhka wjsmrS;Z{dkh fkd,efnz'bka ,efnkafka idudkH Z{dkh muKls'th ,sx.iuznJOhwkqj ixjdlHdkqidrfhka ,efnk oekquls'

1 kHdh Ydia;@uz"kHdh iQ;@"1'1'1"m@;HdCId.udNjHduSCIs;iHd lajSCIK ukajSCId";hd m@j;!k b;Hdm@;HdCId.udNjHduSCIs;iHd lajSCIK ukajSCId";hd m@j;!k b;Hdm@;HdCId.udNjHduSCIs;iHd lajSCIK ukajSCId";hd m@j;!k b;Hdm@;HdCId.udNjHduSCIs;iHd lajSCIK ukajSCId";hd m@j;!k b;Hd ;ajSlaIsls'kHdh jsoHd';ajSlaIsls'kHdh jsoHd';ajSlaIsls'kHdh jsoHd';ajSlaIsls'kHdh jsoHd' 2 u' ks' 3"foajoy iq;a;"nq'c'uq"3msgqj'

nq|=iuh ms<s.kq,nkafka YdlaId;aZ{dkh usi wkqfuzh Z{dkhla fkdfjz'nq|=kajykafia fn#oaOZ{dk udrA.fh ka wfmaCIdlf<a mrsZ{dk"myd;nzn"ipzPsld;nzn"Ndfjz;nzn"wdoS jpkj,ska fmfkk mrsos wmg ks.ukhl< yelafla fn#oaO Z{dkudrA.h orAYkfhka m@;Hd;auf,i idlaId;alD;jQ w;SJ|@sh orAYkZ{dk iuzm;a;sh nq|=ka jykafiaf.a tlu wNsm@drA:s;drA:hnjhs'tuksid wkqudkh nq|=ka jykafiaf.a jspdrhg ,lajsh'

wdldrmrsjs;lal hkako nq|=kajykafiaf.a jspdrhg ,lajQ ;j;a Z{dfkdmdhhls'lsishuzfohla iuznJOfhka tyswdldrlsysmhla muKlan,d js;rAlkfhysfhoS huz huz ks.ukj,g t<eUSu wdldr mrsjs;rAlkfhka wfmaCIs;h';j;ajsOshlska lshf;d;a lsishuz m@Yakhla ms<snZoj taldxislf,i n,d iuia;hlaf,i ks.ukj,g t<USuhs'nq|=r|=ka fuh tla;rd wNsksfjzYhlaf,i i<ld m@;sfCIamfldg we;'id;sNsCIqqjf.a jsZ{dkjdoS oDIaGsh nq|=kajykaafia m@;sfCIamlf<a(jsZ[aZ[dKx ikaOdj;s ixirjsZ[aZ[dKx ikaOdj;s ixirjsZ[aZ[dKx ikaOdj;s ixirjsZ[aZ[dKx ikaOdj;s ixir ;s;s;s;s wkZ[aZ[x)wkZ[aZ[x)wkZ[aZ[x)wkZ[aZ[x)fuzksidh'tuksid fn#oaO Z{dk udrA.hg wkqj wdldrmrsjs;rAlh ms<s.;hq; Z{dkm@fNaoh la fkdfjz'

b<dDfvAdF(Rationalists) ekAxsx ayt`vn kAlAms>t&y mHgfn` asmZp>r~N QAnmAr~gykels p&tfeOSpft by; QAnmAr~gy vn<ey‘aAkAr prfvftr~kn(Diver sification of thought)’ehvt klpnAvx an<r{pvn ed QAnmAr~gyels pfLfg[nFmyf.emhfdFd klpnAvx an<r{pvned tmAeg sftfn` tr~ky egA`crkregn sp&mAN krgnfyf.1

b<z\rz\n` p&AgAn<B+t tr~knymHgfn tmAegklpnAvx an<r{pvned sArDm%yk` elsfn` pfLf g[nFmd s^y<k`t s^klpnyd QAnmAr~gyk` elsfn p&tfeOSpkLh.mknfsAdyt` un`vhnesx an<v tr~keyhf mfN<mvn`en sp&mANtAv mfs stYyenAevZ.EmnfsA ymZkfsf tr~knyk sp&mANv>pmNfn` Ey stYy[yf adhsvn`en n[t.Eesm Eb[vfn Ey sArDr~m vD%nypfNfs ivhlvn QAnmAr~gyk` elsfn pfLf g[ennend n[t.2

Evfx ekenk=x emes g[xHPvk a[tfvfy h[kfyf.EnmZ kAntAvx ar~htPlyVAOSAtkfrFmx pvA h[kfyAvk` a[tfbv b<z\rz\n` pvA pfLfegn tfbfydF kAntAvx p[vfdd lbAdFemZdF b<z\rz\n` m[lf bvk` d[k`vFmxt`,aSXgr[Dm% nAmeyn vfnyx atfer~k vYvsTAvk BfOS<NFn` ekerhf pmNk` k&fyAtmk kfrFmxt b<z\rz\n` ut`s<kv>ey EdA BArtFysmAjDm% atr l[bFtfb> smAjyFy sTAny ‘aAkAr prfvftr~k ny’kfrFmt=lfn` bvt`,p[vfdf s^sTAvt=lx aAgnt=k kAntAvk BfOS<Nfyk` els bHdvA bAhfr smAjey a[yx hfmfvtfb> p<r[SADfptYy yxet kAntAv vfsFemZ smAj avVY tAvy s[lkfllxegn (eyA`gYy[yf sftA)kAntAv E`t=lfn` avtkesr[vx lk`kfrFmt sfz\krtfebZ yn`n n>tn pV`cAt nvYvAdFn`egn`(The Part of Post modernism)ekAxsk`v> st&FvAdFn`` (Femanism)nHgntr~kykf.

ov<n` dkvnen BfOS<n` vhnes lAx yxtvvfsFemZ ekAnedsfy aSXgr[Dm%vl an`tr~gtey hry bvyf.E` yxet` p[vfdfsmAjy t=ld BfOS<Nfyk` els p[vfdf bfmxpt` kAntAv bAhfr smAj ey a[yxhfmfv tfb> sAmAjfk ttvyx an<r{pvm p<r[SBfOS>nx yxt`kr t[bFemZ v<vmnAevn b<z\rz\n` k&fyAkLAy yn ecAdnAv ov<h< Ell krtf.

1 w' ks' 1";sl ksmd;h"uydj.a.h ld,du iq;a;"nq'c'uq"377- 343 msgq' 2 ldrAkagshdkq orAYkh ms<snZo jspdrmQrAjl wOHhkhla"tia'cS'weuz'jSrisxy"le<Ksh jsYajjsoHd,hSh m@ldYkhls"1998"iiimsgqj'

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emyx dFmx a[tfpfLft=r itAmtm ehAHdfn‘ebUdD smAjvfdYA p&evZVy’yn g&$Tey 96pfx<evZdF Dr~m esn ehxZxfaArcZcf mhtA m[nvfn smZpfNwnykr dkvyf.2kAntAvn BfOS<nFnvVeyn aBfnveyn` p[vfdf s^sTAvt=lx an`tr~g&hny krvA g[nFemZdF p&AeyA`gfk sAmZp&dAyfk BfOS< smAjey aAklpyn` skskfrFemZ avVYtAvy pfLfbHdv mhAvAr~y DFreskr dkvn kr[Nk`, BfOS<NF p[vfdd p&mAdkfrFemZ eht=v vVeyn mhAcAr~y nndesn rtnpAl3 up<xA dk`vyf.

EnmZ kAntAv p[vfdfkfrFm smstp[vfdf s^vfDAnyekerhf blp{h[kf aAkAry g[n sftAb[lFmyf. b&h`m cyY%BAvy prmaAgmfknfSXAv vVeyn s[lekn E vnvfxt aArmZBv p[vt=nAv> p<r[SpOSey n` pmNk` smn`vftv> BfkS< s^sTAevZ sAm>hfk yhpt sHdhA kAntAvvffsfn` ymZ ymZ k[pvFmZ kLy<t=vtfbfnf.p[vfdfpOSyt=L svkFy nFtYAn>k+l p[v[t`m thv<r[kfrFmpfNfs axZXgr[ DmZm p[nvFmx emZ kr[N blp{bv epen.axZXgr[DmZmvl p&DAnm arm<N BfOS<NFn`eg kAyfk hA mAnsfk s<rOSftBAvy a[tfkrlFmyf.4

E` mfsk kAntAvAdFn`(Femenism)kfynAkAreyn` b<z\rz\n‘aAkArprfvftk%ny’kfrFmnfsA enAevZ.5E` t=L g[bZvn<ey sArDm% s^rOSNy sHdhA m>Lfk ps<bfm els QAnmAr~gy pfrfsfz\v pvt`vAg[nFm pfNfs krnld av^k ut`sAhykf.6yeTA`k`t kr[eNhflA b<z\rz\n` emZ ay<rfn` s[lkflfmt` enAv<nAnmZ vr~tmAny vnvfx b<z\ss<n vnsA d[mFemZ ecZtnAevn y<t=v sfz\r[ esAymfn sfxf anYsmyvAdFh< BfOS<n`eg hA b<z\rz\neg p<r[SBAvyt` BfOS<NFneg kAntA BAvyt upk&mVFlFels BAvftyxegn E` mHgfn` b<z\ss<n ekerhf mhjnyAt=L klkfrFmk a[tf vn aAkAreyn mtvAdFmy p&cAryk` egnyAmx pvA ehAHdfn iwkwtfb>bv,b<z\rz\n` aSXgr[Dm% pnvAtfbfydFt` ymZ ymZ avsTAvl emZ pfLfbHd mhjn udeGA`SN p[nn[Hg=N< aAkAry pfLfbHd vfvfD etArt=r[ vfnyg&$Tvl sHdykajSu;,ska ikd:fjz.

1 Gothama the Man,Sakya or Buddhist Origins,A Manual of Budhism,Outline of Buddhism,Early Buddhist Theory of Man Perfected jeks lD;Skays fydakrA ue;sKshf.a;a"rSia fvzjsvzia ue;sKshf.;a yd rdOd l@sIaKkaf.a;a nq|=oyfuz we;euz ixl,am ms<snZojjQ wkjfndaOd;aul m@ldY wvx.h' 2 fn#oaO iudcjsoHd m@fjzYh"OrAufiak fygzgswdrpzps"tia'f.dvf.a iy ifydaorfhda"fld<U"2001"96msgqj' 3 Buddist Sociology,Nandasena Ratnapala,pp.70-72. 4 Md' md"NslaLqKS jsNx.h"mdrdcsld ldKavh"nq'c'uq'"1-3 msgq' 5 rSgd weuz';DDIagz ue;sksh mjikqfha nq|=r|=ka ldka;djkag mejsoao ,ndoSug is;d isgsfha wdkkao ysushka nq|= r|=kafj;ska th b,a,disgSug fmrd;`j njhs'wdkkao ysushkaf.a wdhdpkh ksid u fkdjknjhs'weh olajkafka nq|=iiqk uq,isgu mqreIflaJ|@Sh jHdmdrhla f,i mej;snjhs' 6 vhkd fnda,agz ue;sKsh nq|=r|=ka ia;@Skag oafjzIlrkafklnj b;d wdfjz.YS,sj m@ldYlrhs'weh tfia m@ldY lrkafka tl, mrsirh ms<snZoj nq|=r|=ka i,ldne,Sfuka miq.kq,enQ we;euz ;SrK ms<snZoj wkjfndaOfhks'

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kAlAm s>t&y yxet aAkArprfvftr~kny ehvt tmAeg s^klpyx EkHg b[vfn` pfLfg[nFm yn kr[N sArDr~mFy pOSeyn smZp>r~N QAnmAr~gyk enAevtfyf yn adhs d[rFmx eht=v k`vn>ey emZ mHgfn` aAvRt mAnsfksvBAvyk s[kesnb[vfnf.

aAvRt mAnsfk svBAvykt=ldF QAnmAr~gyx iwk` a[tf enAevZ.idfn ihtkF udAhrNyx sAepOSkv kAntAvx p[vfdd ill> s[enkfnm aSXgr[Dm% rhftv lbAz\n`ennmZ Ey aAkArprfvftr~kny elsx g[ennn kf.eht=v b<z\rz\n kAntAvx ar~ht Plyx pt`vFmxh[kfbv pfLfegn tfbFmy.idfn` a[yx ar~ht Plyx pt`vFmx h[kfnmZ ill> s[enkfn` p[vfddlbAdFemZ kfsfz\ g[xHPvk enAvfnf.nm<t vfcAr p>v%kv inobZbxd klpnAkrb[lFemZ Vktfyk` b<z\rz\nt=L v>b[vfn` pV`cAtkAlFnv emmgfn` a[tfvfyh[kf smAjmy hA p[vfdf s^sTAvx sfz\vfyh[kf ant=r un`vhnes klfnm z\x<evZ vfvRt mAnsfk svBAvyk pfbfz\n mAnsfk svBAvyk un`vhn`eshx tfb>b[vfn` aAkArprfvftr~knyx an<v unvhnes klpnA keLn[t.2

b<dDfvAdFn`x(Rationalists)x ayt` kAlAm s>t&eyn` p&t`eOSpft QAnmAr~gyvn<ey dfxZXf nfj~ODAn kKn`tfyyf(Coincide the Aspects).ehvt` tmAeg dRSXfyx EkHgy[yf pfLfg[nFm QAn mAr~gyk` vVeyn` asmZp>r~N Ekkbv dk`vAtfebZ.dRSXfy yn< v[s<n< mAnsfk svBAvyyf.mns v[esnen ymZymZ kr[N< mt dRSXfy eh`t=evn vn mAnsfk aAvrNynfsA stYd[kFemZ iwkw a[hfrFyyf.mAnsfk s^vD%nyx Ey bADAvkf.ymZkfsf mAnsfk ps<tlyk`t=ldF QAny glAy{mx sFmAp[nv<vehAt bADAvn` mt= v<vehAt Ey b<dDfvfSyfk vVeyn asAr~Tk QAnmAr~gyk els slkn< l[ebZ.(u'ks'1"133 msg"P.T.S.)

BASAv hA tr~kny mADYyekAx a[tf vfklpny dvftv crNy pdnmZ ekAxegn a[tfvAk emnm dRSXfcrNy p&tY<psTAny ekAxa[t.3emZ an<v dRSXf nfpdvFm vfklpney aT%k&fyAkArF#vy vVeyn pvtF.aAt`m g&hNyd anAtm g&hNyd dRSXfvfSyx Ekes ayt`evZ.4Eeht VfOSAvpfNfs dRSXfp&eyA`gy avVYvpvtF.i$z&FybdDmnsfn` lbn avebA`Dy vfvfD p<dglyn` atr vfvfDv pvtnAb[vfn` vfvfDg=Neyn y<t= dRSXfsm<dAy k&mvtv z\r[kxy<t=y.sArDm%yn` vD%nyvFm sHdhA avkAVs[lesn`en dRSXfz\r[kfrFemZ p&m<KtAvy mty.aAyY%mAr~gey arm<N sv%dRSXf p&hANyyf.5

dRSXfp&hANy yn< an`kfsfvk enAv ttvQAnaDfgmyyf.dr~VnQAn smZp&Aptfyyf.QAn mAr~gey avsAn b<dDfmy smZp&Aptfy:prfpAky emyyf.dRSXfy,dRSXf sTAny,dRSXf

1 fcda;sh OSrfialr uy;d fn#oaO wdrdusl md,kh kuz .@J:fhaoS olajkafka md;sfudlaLfha ijk LJOlh yd NslaLqKS LJOlhfol wjidk LJOlfol nejska tajd ;@smsglhg miqj tl;lrk,o njhs'fuhg idOlf,i pq,a,j.a. md,shg ix.dhldfjz jdrA;dj tl;`jSu olajd;sfnz' 2 rSgd weuz' ;DDIagz ue;sKsh mjikafka nq|=r|=ka l`ukdldrhlska fyda mqreIdOsm;Hh m@shlrkafkljS kuz wIaG.reOu! mKjd fyda NsCIqKS Ydikh we;slsrSug l@shdfkdlrk njhs' 3 fyrla,Sgia(orAYkjdoh"2 l,dmh)"tia'cS'tuz'jSrisxy"le<Ksh jsYajjsoHd,hSh m@ldYkhls"1962-63" 27msgqj' 4 Ndr;Sh orAYk b;sydih(ffjosl WmksIoa)"vS'fcA'lZMmyk"rdcH NdId fomdrA;fuzka;`fjz m@ldYkh" fld<U"1963"1msg' 5 ixCIsma; Ndr;Sh orAYkh"weuz'ysrshka;"wOHdmk m@ldYk fomdrA;fuzka;j"1970"5msgqj'

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DmZms^gnFp&krNey d[k`evnen pLm<QAn dr~VnB+mfyx p[mfnFemn` aAvRt mAnsfk svBAvy els s[lekn dRSXfg&hNy hA E`eht=v nfsAm hxgnnA sfet` vfpfLfsrsvBAvy (vfcfkfcZCAv) z\r[vynbvyf.1prfklpft vVeyn lebn s#vp<dglAdF dRSXfnfvArny pfNfs t&flOSNAdF dRSXfnfvArn vfDFn` b<z\rz\n vfsfn` upeyA`gFkrgnnA ldF.2Eb[vfn kAlAm s>t&y mHgfn` tmAeg ehA an<neg ehA kfsfm aAkArykfn` dRSXfy aDfkArykrgnnAv> mAnsfkp&eOSp n p&tfeOSpkrtfebZ.emZ mHgfn` Z{An mAr~gy aAvrNyvnb[vfnf.aAvrNyv> QAnmAr~gy sFmA shfty.stY dr~Vny enAevZ.sArDm% pfbfdvFemZ h[kfyAevnd y<t=enAevZ.Eb[vfn` kAlAm s>t&eydF dRSXfy asmZp>r~N QAnmAr~gyk els slkAivtlfy y<t=bv edVnAekAxtfebZ.3

sArDr~m gevZSNeyhflA eyAdAgt QAnmAr~gyan<v vfn`tkyfn` vg%kLvfx etv[nfekAxs x aytvnen` an<B+tfvAdFh<y(Experientialists).4mDYkAlFn hA m{tkAlFn ebAehA upnfSdm<nf vr[n` a[t[mZ aAjFvkyn sh eejnyn emZ ekAxsx ayt`evZ.emZ an<v b&Ah`mN smZp&dAey avsn`ekAxsv> mDY hA m{t kAlFn upnfSd m<nfvr[nd V&mN smZp&dAyx ayt` aAjFvk hA eejn v[nf ekAxs sfxFemnd p[h[dflfvn<ey an<B+tfvAdFn(Experientialists) b&Ah`mN hA V&mN yn smZp&dAydveym nfdhs adhs gr[kLAv> ebAehApfrfsk` emZ smZp&dAh oajfhau jQ njhs. tfukau fuz ia:rh i;Hhg fndfyda wdikakj sfxfyh.

emAv<n`vfsfn` an<dt QAnmAr~gy ebUdD QAnmAr~gyx sAepOSkv pmNk` asmZp>r~N Ekkels s[lkfnf.n[tehAt b<z\smeyn` prfbAhfrv ebAehAz\rx dfy<N< smZp&dAykx ayt QAnmAr~gyk` tfb<en` emZ ekAxsxy.5

p<dglQAny hA atd[kFmt atF$z&fyp&tYOSyt` emAv<n`eg QAnmAr~gyvfy.6emm etvn kNwAym pfLfbHd s>t&vfvrNy emhfdF slkAb[lFmavVYy.7mj~ODfm nfkAy II,s^grAv s>t&eyhf emm etvn kNwAym pfLfbHdv vfvrNyvn`en ov<h< epr enAa[s>vfr{ Dr~myk pfLfbHdv tmAvfsfn`m vfeV`Seyn avebA`Dkr sAOSAt krgt QAnykan<v b&hmcr~yAv

1 u' ks' 1"inzndij iq;a;"nq'c'uq"22msgqj'w;a:s fu w;a;d;s jdiai 'w;a:s fu w;a;d;s jdiai 'w;a:s fu w;a;d;s jdiai 'w;a:s fu w;a;d;s jdiai ipzpf;d osgzGs WmamcAc;s'ipzpf;d osgzGs WmamcAc;s'ipzpf;d osgzGs WmamcAc;s'ipzpf;d osgzGs WmamcAc;s' 2 u' ks' 2"w.a.sjpzPf.d;a; iq;a;"nq'c'uq"256msgqj'|=lafL f,dfl m;sgzfGd'|=lafL f,dfl m;sgzfGd'|=lafL f,dfl m;sgzfGd'|=lafL f,dfl m;sgzfGd' 3 oS' ks";sl ksmd;h"ld,du iq;a;"fn#'iuz'ixia'"638msgqj' 4 u' ks 2"ix.rdj iq;a;"nq'c'uq"738msgqj';;@ Ndroajdc"tfl iuKn@dyauKd mqnzfn wkkqiaif;iq;;@ Ndroajdc"tfl iuKn@dyauKd mqnzfn wkkqiaif;iq;;@ Ndroajdc"tfl iuKn@dyauKd mqnzfn wkkqiaif;iq;;@ Ndroajdc"tfl iuKn@dyauKd mqnzfn wkkqiaif;iq Ouzfuiq iduxfhj Ouzux wNsZ[aZ[dodh ipzPslFjd osgzGsOuzudNsZ[aZ[d fjdidk mrdusmm;a;d wdoS Ouzfuiq iduxfhj Ouzux wNsZ[aZ[dodh ipzPslFjd osgzGsOuzudNsZ[aZ[d fjdidk mrdusmm;a;d wdoS Ouzfuiq iduxfhj Ouzux wNsZ[aZ[dodh ipzPslFjd osgzGsOuzudNsZ[aZ[d fjdidk mrdusmm;a;d wdoS Ouzfuiq iduxfhj Ouzux wNsZ[aZ[dodh ipzPslFjd osgzGsOuzudNsZ[aZ[d fjdidk mrdusmm;a;d wdoS n@yauprshx mgzcdkd;s"f;diyuiaus' n@yauprshx mgzcdkd;s"f;diyuiaus' n@yauprshx mgzcdkd;s"f;diyuiaus' n@yauprshx mgzcdkd;s"f;diyuiaus' 5 oS' ks' 1"n@yaucd, iq;a;"nq'c'uq"22msgqj'wdma;ukajdh mOdkukajdh wkqfhda.ukajdh wmamudoukajdh 'wdma;ukajdh mOdkukajdh wkqfhda.ukajdh wmamudoukajdh 'wdma;ukajdh mOdkukajdh wkqfhda.ukajdh wmamudoukajdh 'wdma;ukajdh mOdkukajdh wkqfhda.ukajdh wmamudoukajdh iuzudukisldrukajdh ;:drEmx fpf;diudOsxiuzudukisldrukajdh ;:drEmx fpf;diudOsxiuzudukisldrukajdh ;:drEmx fpf;diudOsxiuzudukisldrukajdh ;:drEmx fpf;diudOsx Mqi;s'h:d iudysf; ps;af;a wfkljsys;x mqnzfnzksjdix Mqi;s'h:d iudysf; ps;af;a wfkljsys;x mqnzfnzksjdix Mqi;s'h:d iudysf; ps;af;a wfkljsys;x mqnzfnzksjdix Mqi;s'h:d iudysf; ps;af;a wfkljsys;x mqnzfnzksjdix wkqiair;s'wkqiair;s'wkqiair;s'wkqiair;s' 6 Lq' ks"PpzpJO j.a.h"nq'c'uq' 7 Early Buddhist Theory of Knowledge,K.N.Jayatileke,Delhi,1980,p.356.

p&kAVkrn pfrfsk`bvyf.1‘ymZ Dr~myk` rAmetemZ tmA vfeVSeyn`d[n VAOSAtekAxevesmfyf p&kAVkryfd E`Dr~my mmd p&tYOSkrmfyf,E` mm enAebAklkfn E` Dr~my tmAm vfeVSeyn` d[n VAOSAtekAx Eyx ELMvfsfmf yn<evnf.’2

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sfz\httv<st=mA uddkrAmp<t`teg ig[n`vFm an<gmnykeL h<z\pfLfg[nFmZ mAt&eyn`(ekvl^ sdDA mttekn) QAny p&kAVenAkrn nfsyf.4QAny uedsA h<z\BAvnAmy p&QAv upeyA`gF krgt pfrfsx ayt`v<vt b<z\rjANn`vhnes ov<neg QAnyx sFmAenAvF idfrfyx gmnkL VAstRvryAy.emZ an<v b>z\rjANn`vhnes an<B+tfvAdF(Experientialists) ekAxsx aytv>evk=v<vt` emkL p&kxvsfxf an<B+tfvAdFn atrfn ussm b<dDfmy prfpAkyxpt`vsfxf uddkrAmp<tt pvA ‘envsHOdHOdAnAsHOdHOdAytny’yn ar{pAvcr strvn DYAneyn tmneg QAnmAr~gey vD%ny sFmAkregn5 sfxFbvt` emhfkfsfymZ aphs<vk z\x< b<z\rz\n m<lfn` uddkrAmp<t`teg VfSYeyk=v oh<eg k&mvfDFn` an<gmnkr uddkrAmp<t`t p[mfNf ar{pAvcr strvn DYAnyxm p[mfNfyt` ind s{hFmkx ptenAvF QAnmAr~gey tv ebAehA idfrfyx yA h[kfbvd[n rAm p<ttegn evnvF nvcfntnyk oses tm QAngevZSNy idfrfyxm egnyAmx klpnAkfrFm vfvRt QAngevZSyk=eg lOSN p&kxkrvnnk vfy.6

Eetk a[s<r[kL VAstRvr[negnivtv> sfdDAr~T egUtmynvhnes k&meyn` cArfkA krmfn` ur[evlAevZ‘esnAnf’nfgmyx v[wmkr h<dklAv vFyY%vwn`nx v>h.unvhnes sAv<r[dd k` kx<kv> z\Skrk&fyAv keL emZ avsTAevZdFy.z\Skr k&fyAvnfsA VArFrfk vVeyn ebehvfn` z\r~vlv> egUtmyn` vhnes epr ymZ mhNbm<N< ekenk at`tkflmTAn<eyAgF upk&myx ayt`v> tFv&v> kx<kz\k`evZdnAvn vfn`dh<nmZ Ey h<edk` evZdnAvx pmNk`m sFmAv>vkbv et`r[mZ gth.emy smZebA`Dfyx mAr~gy enAevZ.Eb[vfn` an` mHgk vnend[yf esAyAb[l>h.pfy VAkYy n`eg dMgs esveN kAmeyn hA ak=Vleyn etAr vftkk vfcAr shft p&Tm DYAnyx ELM vfs> aAkAry sfhfpt`vfy.Ey smZebA`Dfyx mAr~gy yyf un`vhnesx sftvfy.

1 ucACOsu ksldh 2"ix.rdj iq;a;"nq'c'uq"754msgqj'wNscdkdus fLd mkdyx ms;`ilaliai luzukaf; iSwNscdkdus fLd mkdyx ms;`ilaliai luzukaf; iSwNscdkdus fLd mkdyx ms;`ilaliai luzukaf; iSwNscdkdus fLd mkdyx ms;`ilaliai luzukaf; iS;dh ;dh ;dh ;dh cuznqpzPdhdh ksikafkd jsjspzfpj ldfu '''mGucACOdkx WmiuzmcAc jsyrs;d ishd kq fLd tfid u.af.d cuznqpzPdhdh ksikafkd jsjspzfpj ldfu '''mGucACOdkx WmiuzmcAc jsyrs;d ishd kq fLd tfid u.af.d cuznqpzPdhdh ksikafkd jsjspzfpj ldfu '''mGucACOdkx WmiuzmcAc jsyrs;d ishd kq fLd tfid u.af.d cuznqpzPdhdh ksikafkd jsjspzfpj ldfu '''mGucACOdkx WmiuzmcAc jsyrs;d ishd kq fLd tfid u.af.d fndOdh'fndOdh'fndOdh'fndOdh' 2 ucACOsu ksldh 1"wrshmrsfhaik iq;a;"nq'c'uq"404msgqj'hkakQyx hx Ouzux rdfud ihx wNsZ[aZ[d hkakQyx hx Ouzux rdfud ihx wNsZ[aZ[d hkakQyx hx Ouzux rdfud ihx wNsZ[aZ[d hkakQyx hx Ouzux rdfud ihx wNsZ[aZ[d ipzPslFjd WmiuzmcAc jsyrduS;s mfjfois";iai Ouzuiai ipzPslsrsipzPslFjd WmiuzmcAc jsyrduS;s mfjfois";iai Ouzuiai ipzPslsrsipzPslFjd WmiuzmcAc jsyrduS;s mfjfois";iai Ouzuiai ipzPslsrsipzPslFjd WmiuzmcAc jsyrduS;s mfjfois";iai Ouzuiai ipzPslsrshdh mofyhHka;s fid fLd wyx hdh mofyhHka;s fid fLd wyx hdh mofyhHka;s fid fLd wyx hdh mofyhHka;s fid fLd wyx NslaLfj k psriafij Lsmamfuzj ;x Ouzux ihx wNsZ[aZ[d ipzPslFjd WmiuzmcAc jsydisx'NslaLfj k psriafij Lsmamfuzj ;x Ouzux ihx wNsZ[aZ[d ipzPslFjd WmiuzmcAc jsydisx'NslaLfj k psriafij Lsmamfuzj ;x Ouzux ihx wNsZ[aZ[d ipzPslFjd WmiuzmcAc jsydisx'NslaLfj k psriafij Lsmamfuzj ;x Ouzux ihx wNsZ[aZ[d ipzPslFjd WmiuzmcAc jsydisx' 3 u' ks' 2"ix.rdj iq;a;"nq'c'uq"756-758msgq' 4 u' ks' 1"Umuzu j.a.h"wrshmrsfhqik iq;a;"nq'c'uq"405msgqj'k fLd rdfud bux Ouzux flj,xioaOd fLd rdfud bux Ouzux flj,xioaOd fLd rdfud bux Ouzux flj,xioaOd fLd rdfud bux Ouzux flj,xioaOd u;a;flk ihxu;a;flk ihxu;a;flk ihxu;a;flk ihx wNsZ[aZ[d ipzPslFjd WmiuzmcAc jsyrduS;s mfjois'woaOd rdfud Ouzux cdkx miaix wNsZ[aZ[d ipzPslFjd WmiuzmcAc jsyrduS;s mfjois'woaOd rdfud Ouzux cdkx miaix wNsZ[aZ[d ipzPslFjd WmiuzmcAc jsyrduS;s mfjois'woaOd rdfud Ouzux cdkx miaix wNsZ[aZ[d ipzPslFjd WmiuzmcAc jsyrduS;s mfjois'woaOd rdfud Ouzux cdkx miaix jsydiS;s'jsydiS;s'jsydiS;s'jsydiS;s' 5 u' ks' 1"Umuzu j.a.h"wrshmrsfhqik iq;a;"nq'c'uq"405msgqj'tjx jq;af; NslaLfj Woaofld rdumq;af;d 'tjx jq;af; NslaLfj Woaofld rdumq;af;d 'tjx jq;af; NslaLfj Woaofld rdumq;af;d 'tjx jq;af; NslaLfj Woaofld rdumq;af;d fkjiZ[aZ[dkdiZ[aZ[dh;kx mfjois' fkjiZ[aZ[dkdiZ[aZ[dh;kx mfjois' fkjiZ[aZ[dkdiZ[aZ[dh;kx mfjois' fkjiZ[aZ[dkdiZ[aZ[dh;kx mfjois' 6 '''tu''"406 msgqj'kdhx Ouzfud ksnznso'kdhx Ouzfud ksnznso'kdhx Ouzfud ksnznso'kdhx Ouzfud ksnznsodh k jsrd.dh k ksfrdOdh k ksnzndkdh ixj;a;;S"hdjfoj dh k jsrd.dh k ksfrdOdh k ksnzndkdh ixj;a;;S"hdjfoj dh k jsrd.dh k ksfrdOdh k ksnzndkdh ixj;a;;S"hdjfoj dh k jsrd.dh k ksfrdOdh k ksnzndkdh ixj;a;;S"hdjfoj fkjiZ[a fkjiZ[a fkjiZ[a fkjiZ[a Z[dkdiZ[aZ[dh;kQm m;a;shd;s'fid fLd wyx NslaLfj ;x Ouzux wk,xlrsFjd ;iaud Ouzud [dkdiZ[aZ[dh;kQm m;a;shd;s'fid fLd wyx NslaLfj ;x Ouzux wk,xlrsFjd ;iaud Ouzud [dkdiZ[aZ[dh;kQm m;a;shd;s'fid fLd wyx NslaLfj ;x Ouzux wk,xlrsFjd ;iaud Ouzud [dkdiZ[aZ[dh;kQm m;a;shd;s'fid fLd wyx NslaLfj ;x Ouzux wk,xlrsFjd ;iaud Ouzud ksnznscAcwmlalusx'ksnznscAcwmlalusx'ksnznscAcwmlalusx'ksnznscAcwmlalusx'

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an<neg ig[nvFmZ pmNk`enAv,tmnvhneseg` ig[nvFmZpvA ekenk=vfsfn` pfLfg[nFmx epr,sfy<mZ prFOSNykx BAjnykLy<t=bv un`vhn`es sHdhn` kLh.tmnvhnes b<z\rz\n h[xfyx pfLfg[nFmx epr,vfmsflfmt`v> BfOS<v vfsfn` tmnvhnes pvA a[ttvVeynm b<z\vF a[t`d[yf pLm<v setYOSNykr b[lfyy<t=bv kfyAsfxFmx trmZ unvhnes apOSpAtF hA nfhtmAnFels emZ kr[N< avDArNy kLh.5

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1 u' ks' 1"Umuzu j.a.h"wrshmrsfhaik iq;a;"nq'c'uq"408msgqj'Z{dKZ[ap mk fu oiaikx Womdos'Umuzu j.a.h"wrshmrsfhaik iq;a;"nq'c'uq"408msgqj'Z{dKZ[ap mk fu oiaikx Womdos'Umuzu j.a.h"wrshmrsfhaik iq;a;"nq'c'uq"408msgqj'Z{dKZ[ap mk fu oiaikx Womdos'Umuzu j.a.h"wrshmrsfhaik iq;a;"nq'c'uq"408msgqj'Z{dKZ[ap mk fu oiaikx Womdos' wl`mamd wl`mamd wl`mamd wl`mamd fu jsuq;a;s'whuka;sud cd;s'kF:sodks mqknzNfjd;s'fu jsuq;a;s'whuka;sud cd;s'kF:sodks mqknzNfjd;s'fu jsuq;a;s'whuka;sud cd;s'kF:sodks mqknzNfjd;s'fu jsuq;a;s'whuka;sud cd;s'kF:sodks mqknzNfjd;s' 2 w' ks' 1";sl ksmd;h"uydj.a.h ld,du iq;a;"nq'c'uq"377-343 msgq'w,x ys fjd ld,dud lxLs;`x" w,x w,x ys fjd ld,dud lxLs;`x" w,x w,x ys fjd ld,dud lxLs;`x" w,x w,x ys fjd ld,dud lxLs;`x" w,x jspslspzPs;x" lxLksfha p mk fjd Gdfka jspslspzPd Wmamkakd'jspslspzPs;x" lxLksfha p mk fjd Gdfka jspslspzPd Wmamkakd'jspslspzPs;x" lxLksfha p mk fjd Gdfka jspslspzPd Wmamkakd'jspslspzPs;x" lxLksfha p mk fjd Gdfka jspslspzPd Wmamkakd' 3 w' ks' 1";sl ksmd;h"uydj.a.h ld,du iq;a;"nq'c'uq"377-343 msgq' t: ;`uzfy ld,dud"ud t: ;`uzfy ld,dud"ud t: ;`uzfy ld,dud"ud t: ;`uzfy ld,dud"ud wkqiaifjzk"ud mruzmrdh"ud b;slsrdh"ud msgl iuzmodfkak"ud ;lalfya;"wkqiaifjzk"ud mruzmrdh"ud b;slsrdh"ud msgl iuzmodfkak"ud ;lalfya;"wkqiaifjzk"ud mruzmrdh"ud b;slsrdh"ud msgl iuzmodfkak"ud ;lalfya;"wkqiaifjzk"ud mruzmrdh"ud b;slsrdh"ud msgl iuzmodfkak"ud ;lalfya;" ud khfya;`"ud ud khfya;`"ud ud khfya;`"ud ud khfya;`"ud wdldrmrsjs;laflk"ud osgzGskscACOdklaLka;shd"ud NnznrEm;dh" ud iufKd fkd .rE;s'wdldrmrsjs;laflk"ud osgzGskscACOdklaLka;shd"ud NnznrEm;dh" ud iufKd fkd .rE;s'wdldrmrsjs;laflk"ud osgzGskscACOdklaLka;shd"ud NnznrEm;dh" ud iufKd fkd .rE;s'wdldrmrsjs;laflk"ud osgzGskscACOdklaLka;shd"ud NnznrEm;dh" ud iufKd fkd .rE;s' 4 '''tu''"hod ;`uzfy ld,dud w;a;kdj cdfkhHd:"bfuz Ouzud wlhod ;`uzfy ld,dud w;a;kdj cdfkhHd:"bfuz Ouzud wlhod ;`uzfy ld,dud w;a;kdj cdfkhHd:"bfuz Ouzud wlhod ;`uzfy ld,dud w;a;kdj cdfkhHd:"bfuz Ouzud wl`i,d"bfuz Ouzud idjcAcd"bfuz Ouzud `i,d"bfuz Ouzud idjcAcd"bfuz Ouzud `i,d"bfuz Ouzud idjcAcd"bfuz Ouzud `i,d"bfuz Ouzud idjcAcd"bfuz Ouzud jsZ[aZC|+jsZ[aZC|+jsZ[aZC|+jsZ[aZC|+ .rys;d"bfuz Ouzud iu;a;d iudoskakd wys;dh |=laLdh ixj;a;ka;S;s'w: ;uzfya ld,du .rys;d"bfuz Ouzud iu;a;d iudoskakd wys;dh |=laLdh ixj;a;ka;S;s'w: ;uzfya ld,du .rys;d"bfuz Ouzud iu;a;d iudoskakd wys;dh |=laLdh ixj;a;ka;S;s'w: ;uzfya ld,du .rys;d"bfuz Ouzud iu;a;d iudoskakd wys;dh |=laLdh ixj;a;ka;S;s'w: ;uzfya ld,du cdfkhHd:'cdfkhHd:'cdfkhHd:'cdfkhHd:' 5 u' ks' 1"uyd idfrdamu iq;a;"nqc'uq"463msgqj'fhd mgpzp iuqmamdox misi;s fid Ouzux miai;s'fhd fhd mgpzp iuqmamdox misi;s fid Ouzux miai;s'fhd fhd mgpzp iuqmamdox misi;s fid Ouzux miai;s'fhd fhd mgpzp iuqmamdox misi;s fid Ouzux miai;s'fhd Ouzux miai;s fid mgspzpiuqOuzux miai;s fid mgspzpiuqOuzux miai;s fid mgspzpiuqOuzux miai;s fid mgspzpiuqmamdox miai;s'Ouzu mofhys fhd Ouzux miai;s fid ux miai;s'fhd ux mamdox miai;s'Ouzu mofhys fhd Ouzux miai;s fid ux miai;s'fhd ux mamdox miai;s'Ouzu mofhys fhd Ouzux miai;s fid ux miai;s'fhd ux mamdox miai;s'Ouzu mofhys fhd Ouzux miai;s fid ux miai;s'fhd ux miai;s fid Ouzux miai;s'miai;s fid Ouzux miai;s'miai;s fid Ouzux miai;s'miai;s fid Ouzux miai;s'oe;afjkakdjQ iZoyka fol ;`,khlr ne,SfuysoS nqoaO hk jHjydrh fhoS we;af;a mgspzp iuqmamdoh hk wrA:fhka njfmfka'

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fuysoS uydpdrAh fla tka ch;s,l uy;d Early Buddhst Theory o Knowledge hk lD;shysoS nq=iufhys wOsldrh ms<snZo lreKq jeo.;afjz ta uy;d iZoyka lrk mrsos nq|=iuh ;`< wOsldrhg wh;a ia:dkh meyeos,s lsrSfuysoS wm wjxlju wmf.kau m@Yak ;kla wid tajdg ,efnk ms<s;re wkqj ta ms<snZoj wmu ksjeros ;SrKhlg meusKSu jeo.;a nj olajd ;sfnz tlS m@Yak kuz fuzjdh

1 nq|=iuh fyda nq|=kajykafia l,ska meje;s iuzm@odhhkaf.ka huz u;hka wOsldrhu; ms<sf.k weoao$

2 fjk;a iuzm@odhhkays wOsldrh foig nq|=iuh fy<dwe;s oDIaGsh fyda wdl,amh ta wdldrfhkau nq|=iufha b.ekajSuz foigo fhduqfldg ;sfnzo$

1 Lq' ks"Ouzumoh"hulj.a."ufkdmqnznx.udOuzud ufkdfigzGd ufufkdmqnznx.udOuzud ufkdfigzGd ufufkdmqnznx.udOuzud ufkdfigzGd ufufkdmqnznx.udOuzud ufkdfigzGd ufkduhd ukid fp mikafkk Ndi;sjd kduhd ukid fp mikafkk Ndi;sjd kduhd ukid fp mikafkk Ndi;sjd kduhd ukid fp mikafkk Ndi;sjd lfrd;sjd ;f;d kx iqLukafj;s Pdhdj wkmdhsks'lfrd;sjd ;f;d kx iqLukafj;s Pdhdj wkmdhsks'lfrd;sjd ;f;d kx iqLukafj;s Pdhdj wkmdhsks'lfrd;sjd ;f;d kx iqLukafj;s Pdhdj wkmdhsks' 2 ''tu''"ps;a;j.a.h"|+rZv.ux tlprx wirSrx .`ydihx fh ps;a;x iZ[aZ[fuiaika;s fudlaLka;s |+rZv.ux tlprx wirSrx .`ydihx fh ps;a;x iZ[aZ[fuiaika;s fudlaLka;s |+rZv.ux tlprx wirSrx .`ydihx fh ps;a;x iZ[aZ[fuiaika;s fudlaLka;s |+rZv.ux tlprx wirSrx .`ydihx fh ps;a;x iZ[aZ[fuiaika;s fudlaLka;s udrnJOkd'udrnJOkd'udrnJOkd'udrnJOkd' 3 ''tu'''"wryka; j.a.h"ika;x ;iai ukx fyd;s ika;d jdpd p luzu p iuzuoZ[aZ[d jsuq;a;ia"ika;x ;iai ukx fyd;s ika;d jdpd p luzu p iuzuoZ[aZ[d jsuq;a;ia"ika;x ;iai ukx fyd;s ika;d jdpd p luzu p iuzuoZ[aZ[d jsuq;a;ia"ika;x ;iai ukx fyd;s ika;d jdpd p luzu p iuzuoZ[aZ[d jsuq;a;iai i i i Wmika;iaiWmika;iaiWmika;iaiWmika;iai ;dosfkd';dosfkd';dosfkd';dosfkd'

3 fuz fojk m@Yakhg fok ms<s;r fkdi<ld nq|=r|=ka ms<snZo wOsldrh u; Wkajykafiaf.a Y@djlhka lsishuz u;hla ms<s.kq ,en ;sfnzo$

fuu m@Yakfoi ne,Ql< jegfykqfha tlS m@Yak b;d ;shqKq jspdrd;aul uqyqKqjrla f.k we;snjhs. TzkEu jspdrYS,S pska;lfhl;< we;sjsh yelswdldrfha jsurAYkd;aul .egZM ;kla nq|=iuh wrUhdo fla tka ch;s,l uy;d olajhs fuz .egZM ;k;< nq|=iuh wfma fohla fjk;a wd.usl b.ekajSuz wfma tajd fkdjk foaj,a hk wdldrfha wOdk.@dyS pska;kfhka usoS iajdOSk wmCImd;S jsurAYkd;aul pska;khlg fuz uZ.ska u.fy<sfmfy<s lrfohs.

tmuKla fkdj fuzuZ.ska uSg by;oS wm mejiQ lreKlajk ld,duiQ;@d.; b.ekajSuzys m@;sfCIams ; pska;k wOsldrhka j,x.jkqfha nq|=iufhka mrsndysr fjk;a b.ekajSuz flfrys muKlao ke;skuz tajd tf,iskau nqoaOfoaYkd iZZoyd j,x.jkjdo hk ldrKh ms<snZoj wjOdkh fhduqfldg we;snjla o fmkShhs.huz fyhls;a ld,duiQ;@.; foaYkd jx.jkqfha nqoaO foaYkd yer wkafoaYkd flfrys muKla kuz ld,du iQ;@fhys wka;rA.; wmCImd;SFjh thska.s,syS hkq we;.fuu wmCImd;SFjh .s,syS hkq iuZ.u ld,diQ;@fhys wka;rA.; odrAYksl jgskdluo thska .s,syS hkq we;.ta ulaksido h;a ld,duiQ;@fhys jgskdlu rZod mj;skafka fuu wmCImd;SFjh u; nejsks.tod fuod;r lsis|= wd.usl idia;Djrfhla foaYkdlrkq ;nd foaYkd lr;shs isysfkkqZ|= fkdis;sh yels;ruz iajdOSk wmCImd;S jsjrKhla ukqIHnqoaOshg jgskdlula ,nd|=kafka nq|=r|=ka nejsks.ta ld,duiQ;@h foYkd lsrSu uZ.sks.

fla tka ch;s,l uy;df.a Early Bubbhist Theory of Knowledge .@J:h mqrd jsia;rd;aulj olajkafka ld,duiQ;@fhysoS nq|=r|=ka jsiska m@;sfCIam lrk,o oijsOjQ wOsldruh pska;khg wka;rA .;jkakdjQ b.ekajSuz ms<snZoj fjz.fnfyjska fn#oaO odrAYksl pska;khg wkq.;j ;,kd;aulj ngysr u;o jsuiqug ,lalrkakdjQ fuz .@J:h ;,ska fy,sjkafka by; nq|=r|=ka m@;sfCIam lrk,o pska;k wOsldrhg wka;rA.k we;euz Z{dk udrA.hka tlfy<d ms<sfljz lsrSula fkdj tlfy,d ms<s.ekSu m@;sfCIam lsrSu muKla nj fmkajd oS ;sfnz.ngysr pska;khg keUqrej A.D.Woozley jsiska rps;1 The Theory of Knowledge jeks lD;shlgo jvd fuz;, nq|= oyfuz mokuo fy,sfjz. tkuz hula taldka; fldg oelajSfuz we;s idjoH;djhhs.hula ;j fohlg idfmaCIl nj usi uqZMukakau we; fyda ke; hkqfjka mejiSu oDIaGs .;Skag meusfKk l@ufjzohla nj fuhska m@ldYfjz.

fuz lreK b;du iqZM ksoiqkla udrA.fhka meyeos,s l<yelsh tkuz ld,duiQ;@fhys msg; iuzm@od h fyj;a wd.usl ,shjs,s iZoykajSu pska;k wOsldruh jQjla f,i f.k nq|=iufhys nqoaOfoaYkdo wd.usl .@J:hkays ,shejS we;s foaj,au jk fyhska tajdo uqZMukskau neyerl< hq;o$ld,duiQ;@ foaYkdj uZ.ska lshefjk woyi idfmaCIfldg fkdj taldka; fldg .kakd ;eke;af;lg wkqj kuz th tfianj fmfkkq we;.tfy;a tfia ie,lSu hqla;shqla; fkdfjz fuysoS wd.usl ,shejs,sj, iZoyka jQ muKska hk jpkhla we;.

tkuz fuysoS m@;sfCIam lrkafka wd.usl ,shejs,sj, ;sfnk ishZM foau fkdj we;euz tajdnj fmfka.fuys iSudj fld;ko hk m@Yakhla u;fjz fuys iSudj kuz m@fhda.slFj hhs m@dfhda.sl jYfhka wrA:dkajs; foj,ao wd.usl ,shjs,s;, .enzjsh yelsh m@fhda.sl fkdjk foaj,ao .enzjsh yelsh.nq|=iuh fuysoS m@;sfCIam lrkafka m@fhda.sl fkdjkakdjQ foaj,ah.nq|=iufhys wd.usl ,shejs,sj, wka;rA.k jkakdjQ foa m@fhda.slFjfhka wkQk jQ ksid tajd fuz hgf;a m@;sfCIam

1 The Theory of Knowledge,A.D.Woozley,London,1959

fkdfjz.fuf,i m@fhda.slFjfhka neyerjk wd.usl j;ams<sfj;a j,g nq|=iuh iS,nzn; mrudi hkqfjka jHjydr lrhs.tfukau th oi ixfhdachkago we;,;a tla ixfhdackhla jYfhka olajd ;sfnz.ta m@fhda.sl fkdjkakdjQ foa ms<smeoSu uZ.ska wrA:dkajs; wdOHd;ausl ksIaGdjlg meusKsh fkdyels w;r tfia meusKSug ndOdldrS jkakdjQ fohla jYfhkao ms<sf.k ;snqKq ksidh.

ld,duiQ;@fhys m@ldYjkafka nq|=oyuska m@;sfCIams; oijsOjQ pska;k wOsldrfhka iukajs; Z{k udrA. muKs.fndfydajsg jsh;ka f,aLlhka nq|=iufhka ksrAosIaG Z{dkudrA.h fyda Z{dk jsNd.h fyda Z{dkuSuxidj ms<snZoj idlpzPdlsrSfuzoS ld,duiQ;@fhka m@;sfCIams; pska;k wOsldrh muKla bosrsm;a fldg ish jsurAYkh wjika lr;s kuq;a i;Hfhkau mq|=iufhka bosrsm;a flfrkakdjQ Z{dk udrA.h tf;lska wjika flfrAo$ ke;.th jkdyS nq|=iuh tmd lshQ foahhs.lrkakglshQ tfiafkdue;s kuz wkq.ukh lrkakg lshQ foa fkdfjz

nq|=t|=ka ks;ru hula jsfjzpkh lf<a thg jsiZ|=ulao bosrsm;a lruskah.tnejska nq|=iuh tlg m@p,s;j meje;s fiiq iuhjdohkag jvd irAjiuzmQrAKFj fhka hqla;jQjla jsh.fjk;a iuh jdohkaf.ka bosrsm;a lrk,oaodjQ wd.usl lsIaGdj fnfyda|=rg tal foaYsl jQjls.fuz ksid tajduZ.ska bosrsm;a flfrkakdjQ b.ekajSuz uZ.ska nqoaOsh yd Ndjuh hk wxY folskau iukajs;jQ l~Gm@dma;shla lrd<Z.d jsh fkdyelsjS ;snsKs.tlaflda tjdhska ,efnkafka nqoaOsuh lreKq muKls.tlaflda Ndjuh jYfhka iu:OHdk jeks ;;ajhla muKs.Tjqkaf.a wd.usl jevms<s fj< w;a;ls,u:dkq fhda.h yd lduiqL,a,sldkqfhda.h w;r foda<kh jkakla jS ;snqKs.tfukau Ydiaj;jdoh yd WpzfPAojdoh w;r fldgqjS mej;sks.

oeka wm fidhd hdhq;af;a ld,duiQ;@fhka m@;sfCIam l< fulS pska;k wOsldrh fjkqjg oDIaGs nsys lrjkakd jQ l@ufjzohka fjkqjg ienjskau th wmf.a ;sfnkakdjQ oDIaGs yd u; we;sjsh yelaldjQ oDIaGs m@ydKh msKsi bosrsm;a lrkakdjQ l@ufjzoh lulao hkakhs.nq|=iuh jsr;s fyj;a je<lsh hq; wxYh uq,ska bosrsm;a lrk w;r iudodk fyj;a jevshhq; wxYh miqj bosrsm;a lrkq ,nhs.fuz hgf;a ishZM pska;k wOsldrhka fkdue;s ;;ajhla ukfiys m@;sksrAudKh lr.ekSu iZoyd uki msrsis|= lsrSfuz l@shdj,shlg ,lal< hq;nj fmkajdoS ;sfnz.i;a;lskau pska;kuh wOsldrhkaf.ka uki jshqla; lr.ekSfuz l@ufjzoh kuz isf;ys pska;khg n,mdkq ,nkakdjQ neyerska tk yd uki wNHka;rfhka we;sjkakdjQ ishZMu m@;sfrdaOhkaf.ka uki ksoyia lrjd.; hq;h.tfia jSug uki m@n, jQ mdrsfYdaOk l@shdj,shlg ,lal< hq;nj nq|=iuh fmkajdoS ;sfnz.fuh Wmudjlska meyeos,s lrf;d;a ksrka;rfhka wmsrsis|= foa jegSu ksid ls,sgsjS we;s fros lvla uekjska fidaod msrsis|= lr.ekSulg iudkh.

i;a;lskau flfklg ld,duiQ;@fha oelafjkakdjQ ishZMu pska;k wOsldrhkaf.ka uq,qukskau je<lS isgSug kuz fy;u ;ukaf.a udkisl mjs;@;djh by; lS wkaouska we;slr.;hq; nj nq|=ysushka jsiska fmkajdoS ;sfnz.msrsis|= ukila we;a;dg muKla ld,duiQ;@fhys oelafjk wkaoug ishZMu wOsldruh pska;khkaf.ka f;drj lghq;l< yelsfjz.ta ;dla wm fldmuK psk;k wOsldrfhka .e<jS wmf.a pska;kh fufyjSug ;e;a l<;a wm fkdoekqj;aju pska;k wOsldrfha f.d|=re njg m;afjz.ug lsis|= oDIaGshla ke;ehs mjikakdo orkafka ;j;a tla oDIaGshla nj Tyqu fkdokshs.

fuz;a tjeks fohla nj o;hq;hs.oDIaGSka jkdyS b;du;au ishquzh fld;ruz ishquzoehs lshf;d;a ;uka orkafka oDIaGshla lshdj;a ta ork ;eke;a;d fkdokshs.fuhg idfmaCIlj wdfjzok mCIfhys,d kuz Ndjuh .Khka b;dm@lgh flfklg ;ryla meusKsl< ta mqoa.,hdg muKla fkdj Tyq wjg isgskakkago Tyqf.a uqyqfKa brshjq fjkiajSu wOHhkh fldg ta nejz o< jYfhka jgyd.; yelsjkq we;.fiiq Ndjuh ;;ajhkajk ffu;@sh BrAIHdj ldudYdj jeks ;;ajhkao ta mqoa.,hdg muKla fkdj wjg isgskakkago Tyqj jsOsu;a f,i wOHhkhfldg oek.; yelsh.kuq;a huz mqoa.,fhlf.a oDIaGs.;sl iajNdjh jkdyS tfia fiiq mqoa.,hka muKla fkdj ;ukag mjd yZ|=kd.; fkdyelsh. tla;rd |=rlg fuz ;;ajh wkqih uZ.ska ksrEmKh jkafka hehs mejish yelsh osgzGdkqih uZ.ska fuh b;d fydZoka m@ldYhg m;afjz.

fuz ksidu fldmuK oDIaGs.;sl jqj;a ta mqoa.,hd is;kqfha ;uka isgskqfha lsis|= oDIaGshla rys; j isgsk njhs WodyrKhla f,i jrA;udkfhys ksoyia pska;lhka hkqfjka ;ukag ;ukau jHjydr lr.kakd mqoa.,hka mjikafka ;uka lsis|= oDIaGsjdohla ms<s fkd.kakd njhs.th;a tla;rd oDIaGsh la nj ienjskau Tjqka oks;ao$we;af;kau oDIaGsfhys ienE iajNdjh thhs.oDIaGsh ks;ru tlS mqoa., hdf.a pska;kh ish .@yKhg .kshs.tfukau ta ksidu oDIaGshla hkq ks;r pska;k ksoyig ndOd ldrS jkakdjQo iDcq yd wkshuz f,i pska;kh flfrys wOsldruh n,mEula lrkakdjQo fohls. nq|=iufha fuu oDIaGsuh n,mEu wjsoHdj f,io fudayh f,io uspzPdosgzGs f,io we;euz jsg ilaldh ogzGsh f,io wiausudkh f,io rZM yd ishquz jYfhka tajdfha l@shdldrAFjhg wkqrEmjk mrsoafoka jsjsO kuz Ndjs;d lruska yZ|=kajd oS ;sfnz.

fn#oaO Z{dk udrA.h jsYaf,aIKhjk whqre ;@sjsO li, uQ<

;@s YsCIdj wdhH! wIaGdx.sluZ.

|=relghq;pska;k ima; jsYoaOsh

wfuday wfodai wf,daN

wdruzNl (m@Z{dj)

iuzud osgzGs wkqY@jh" mruzmrdh" b;slsrdh" msgl iuzmodfkak" ;lal fya;" kh fya;" wdldrmrsjs;laflak" osgzGskscACOdklaLka;s" NjH;dh" iufKda fkd .re'

iS, jsYoaOsh" ps;a; jsYoaOsh" osgzGs jsYoaOsh" lxLdjs;rK jsYoaOsh" u.a.du.a.Z[dK oiaik jsYoaOsh" mgsmodZ[dK oiaik jsiqoaOsh" Z[dKoiaikjsYoaOsh'

iuzud ixlmam

iS, iuzud jdpd iuzud luzuka; iuzud wdcSj

iudOs iuzud jdhdu iuzud i;s iuzud iudOs

msrsmqka (m@Z{dj)

iuzud Z[dK iuzud jsuq;a;s

tfia kuz oDIaGsh |=rel< fkdyels fohlao$ ke; oDIaGsh wksjdrAhfhkau wvql<yels yd |=rel< yels fohls.ud.!M, uZ.ska is|=lrkqfha o fulS oDIaGSka wvqlsrSu yd |=relsrSuhs.ksoiqkla f,i m<uq ud.!M,fhaoS oDIaGsh uqZM ukskau |=re fkdlrk w;r is|=lrkafka u; wmdh.duS jSug YlH;djh olajkakdjQ oDIaGsfhys we;s ;Sj@;djh wvqlsrSuhs.fuu oDIaGSkaf.a is|=jk W#K;djh ilaldh osgzGs kue;s oDIaGsfhys Tz,drsl fldgi |=rejSu f,i wrA: ksrEmKh flfrA.tys fiiq ixfhdack jk iS,nzn; mrudi uZ.ska ksrEmKh jkafka ilaldh osgzGsh keue;s oDIaGSkays Tz,drsl fldgi |=relsrSu iZoyd wkqukh lrkq,enQ l@ufjzoh ms<snZoj ,;a wjfndaOh mokuz lrf.k b;srs oDIaGSkao |=re lsrSu g wrA:j;a l@shdud.!hla ;udu wjfndaO lr.;anj yd ta wjfndaOh;,ska ,;a oekqu mdollrf.k b;srs oDIaGska|=re lsrSfuz YlH;djhlska iukajs; njhs

jspslspzPd ixfhdackh uZ.ska ksrEmKh jkqfha tlS l@shdud.!h ms<snZo we;a;djQ meyeos,s yd l@uj ;a jegySu lrkfldg f.k tlS jevms<sfj< ielfkdlrk iajNdjhhs.oeka wmf.a W;aiyh jkqfha ld,du iQ;@fhka |=relrk f,i olajd we;s wOsldruh pska;kh |=rel< yelafla luk jsOsl@u fhkao hkakhs.fuu jsOsl@uh OrAufhys iZoyka jkafka ima; jsYoaOsh hk

kusks.fuh ima; jsYoaOsh hehs jHjydr jkqfha i;ajrloS is; l@udkQl~,j jsfYdaOkhg ,lajk w;r ta uZ.ska wOsldruh pska;k fhys n,mEu uqZM ukskau bj;ajS hhs.

ima; jsYoaOsfhys iZoykajkakjQ සාරධ�මb;d mqZM,a fCIa;@hla wjrKh lrkq njhs tfukau ima; jsYoaOsfhys idlpzPdlrkq ,nkakdjQ සාරධ�මtys moku f,i ie<flk me;slv ;kla Tiafia සාරධ�මf.dkqlr olajhs fuu me;slv ;k jkdyS m@cdkk me;slv wdfjzok me;slv yd prAhduh me;slvhs ima; jsYoaOsfhys th Ndjs;d lrkakdjQ mqoa.,hdg Wmfoia fokqfha l@udkQ;~, njlska hq;j fuu me;slv ;k Tiafia ish nqoaOs mrsmdlh lrd fhduqjk wkaouhs.fn#oaO m@;smodfjys wjidk සාරධ�මl~gm@dma;sh f,i jsia;r flfrkakdjQ fulS ksIaGdj ksrAjdKdjfndOh f,iska jHjydr flfrA.

fuhska iS, jsYoaOsfhka fmkakquz lrkafka සාරධ�මixl,amhkays prAhduh fyj;a ufkdapd<l me;s lvhs'ps;a; jsYoaOfhka wdfjzokd;aul me;s lv uQrA;su;a fjz'fiiq jsYoaOska jk osgzGs jsYoaOsh" lxLdjs;rK jsYoaOsh"u.a.du.a. Z[dK oiaik jsiqoaOsh"mgsmod Z[dKoiaik jsiqoaOsh yd Z[dK oiaik jsYoaOsh hk mxpjsYoaOSka wh;a jkqfha m@cdkk fyj;a ixcdkk me;slvgh'fuh jkdyS සාරධ�මixl,amhkays nqoaOsuh me;slvhs'

සාරධ�මixl,amhka wOHhk ldrAhh iZoyd fhdod .ekSfuzoS wOHdmk ufkda jsoHd;aul uQ<Ou! ta iZoyd bjy,a lr.; hq;fjz'fuz iZoyd Ndjs;d jS we;s uQ<Ou!h jkqfha wOHdmk ufkda jsoHd;aul ixl,amhla jQ m@l@usl fyj;a mshjr l@uhhs'wOHhk ldrAhhfhys fhfok flfklg lsishuz wruqK la idrA:l lr.ekSu iZoyd mshjfrka mshjr wruqK lrd <Z.djSug ud.!h ilialr lsrSu m@lusl fyj;a mshjr l@ufhys uQ<Ou!h f,i oelajsh yelsh'

ngysr wOHdmk lafCIa;@fhys wZM;a u;jdohla fidhd.ekSu ksid uy;a wdkafoda<khlg <lajQ jsma,jldrS udkhla cks;l< l@ufjzohla f,i o fuu m@l@usl fyj;a mshjr l@uh ms<s.ekSug md;@j ;sfnz'uydpdrAh nS' t\a' ialskrA mshjr l@ufhys mqfrda.dushd f,ig kuzl< yelsh 1954 oS fuz uydpdrAhjrhd jsiska rpkh lrk,o‘bf.kquz jsoHdj yd bf.kquz l,dj’kue;s mrAfhaIK m;@sldfjys fuz l@uh .ek uq,ajrg jsoHd;aul f,i js.@ylr;sfnzz'1 fuu mshjr l@ufha m@Odk;u ,CIKh jkqfha tla msjrla mshjrla mdid l@udkQl~,j ir< wjia:dfjz isg .eUqrg hdfuz l@u fjzohhs'nq|=rcdKka jykafia ima; jsYoaOsh olajd ;sfnkqfhao fuz wdldrfhks th ima; jsYoaOsh ;j |=rg;a jsuid ne,Sfuka ;j|=rg;a meyeosms lr.; yelsh'

r: jskS; iQ;@fhys iZoyka fjkafka fufiah'iS, jsYoaOsh ps;a; jsYoaOsh olajdu'fjhs ps;a; jsYoaOsh osgzGs jsYoaOsh olajdu fjhs'osgzGs jsiqoaOsh lxLdjs;rK jsYoaOsh olajdu fjhs'lxLdjs;rK jsYoaOsh u.a.d u.a.Z[dK oiaik jsiqoaOsh olajdu fjhs'u.a.du.a. Z[dK oiaik jsiqoaOsh mgsmod Z[dK oiaik jsiqoaOsh olajdu fjhs'mgsmod Z[dK oiaik jsiqoaOsh Z[dK oiaik jsiqoaOsh olajdu fjhs'Z[dK oiaik jsiqoaOsh wkqmod mrsksj!dKh olajdu fjhs'uQ,sl wruqK jQ ksj!dK idlaId;a lrKh olajdu fuz ima; jsYoaOsh mshjr l@uh uZ.ska bosrsm;a flfrA'nq|=r|=ka olajQ fuu mshjr l@uh ialskrAf.a mshjr l@uhg;a jvd bosrshg hdula f,i oelajsh yelafla ialskrA yqfola fuz ;,ska wF:! olajk ,oafoa bJ|@sh wdkqN~;sl b.ekajSuzjk w;r nq|=r|=ka fuz uZ.ska m<uqj bJ|@sh wdkqN~;sho fojkqj tho blaujd w;SJ|@sh wdkqN~;sho fuz uZ.ska m@;HCIlr.; yelsnj fmkajd oSu ksidh'fuys w;sJ|@sh m@;HCIh hkq ksrAjdKdjfndaOhhs'

1 nq|=oyuska ms<snsUqjk b.ekajSfuz Ys,amSh l@u welsrsh., kkao ysus tia f.dvf.a iy ifydaorfhda fld<U 1999 95-110 msgq

fuu ksrAjdKdjfndaOh msKsi bjy,alr.kakd uQ<sl l@ufjzohf,i ima; jsYoa`Osh iuzNdjkdjg md;@ jS we;.jsmiaikd Ndjkdj hkqfjkao idudkH jHydrfhaoS ima; jsYoaOsh wrA: oelafjz. fyj;a jsmiaikd Ndjkdj is|= lrkjd hkafkka woyia lrkafka l@usl yd l@udkQl~, wdldrfhka ksis .rEmfoaY iys;j ima; jsYoaOsh jevSuhs.1fuu ima; jsYoaOsh kduslj my; iZoyka f,i oelajsh yelsh.tkuz

1 iS, jsYoaOsh.

2 ps;a; jsYoaOsh.

3 osgzGs jsYoaOsh.

4 lxLdjs;rK jsYoaOsh.

5 u.a.dyu.a.Z{dK oiaik jsiqoaOsh.

6 mgsmodZ[dK oiaik jsiqoaOsh.

7 Z[dK oiaik jsiqoaOsh.

1 iS, jsYoaOsh -

fuhska wrA:j;a jkqfha mqoa.,hdf.a lh jpk hk fldgia fol ixjr lr.ekSu uZ.ska ps;a; mdrs fYdaOkh iZoyd th Yla;su;a w;a;sjdrula f,i Ndjs;dl< yels njhs'fyj;a wOsldruh pska;k fhka uki ksoyi lr.ekSu iZoyd wjYHjkakdjQ m@d:usl prAhd ixialrK jsOsl@uhla f,i YS,h Ndjs;hg f.k we;snjhs'jsYoaOs udrA.fhys YS, jsYOsh olajkafka nSc frdamKhg fmr N~ush ilia lr.; hq; fia uS <Z.g ,enshhq; jQ ps;a; jsYoaOshg fmr is;keue;s N~ush tlS ps;a; jsYoaOsh ,enSug fhda.H whqrska ilialr fokafka iS, jsYoaOsh ;,ska njhs.YS,h wmsrsis|= kuz ndysr oDIaGSkays t<aUisgskqfha kuzps;a;ho msrsis|= fkdjkafkah.oDIaGs.;sl jkafkah YS,h mxpYS,h wIaGdx. YS,h oYYS,h jYfhka kdkdjsOh.tys uq< mxpYS,hhs'ld,duiQ;@fhys moku f,i mxpYS,h olajd ;sfnkq fhao fuz ksidh.islaLdmo jsNx.fhys;a jodf< mx[YS,hhs'fuys W;alDIaGh kuz i;r ixjr YS,hhs. i;r ixjr YS,h hkq my; iZoykajk fldgia i;rhs. tkuz

1 m@d;sfudaCI ixjrYS,h.

2 bJ|@sh ixjrYS,h.

3 wdcSj mrsYoaOs YS,.

4 m@;H ikaksY@s;YS,.

1 m@d;sfudCI ixjrYS,h

m@d;sfudCI ixjrYS,h kuz YsCIdmo YS,hhs nq|=rcdKkajykafia jskfhys jod< YsCIdmo /lSu m@d;sfudCI ixjr YS,hhs'jskfhys jkdyS jsNx. nJOl mrsjdrhhs fldgia;klg fnok ,oafoah' jsNx. kuz NslaLq jsNx. NslaLqKS jsNx. hk WNf;da jsNx.fhka hq;a mdrdcsl md<s

1 nq|=oyuska ms<snqUqjk b.ekajSfuz YS,amSh l@u welsrsh., kkao ysus tia f.dvf.a iy ifydaorfhda fld<U 1999 95-110 msgq

mdps;a;sh md,s hk fmd;a folh'LkaOl kuz pq,a,j.a.md,s uydj.a.md,s hk fmd;afolh'mrsjdr kuzz mrsjdrmd,s hk fmd;h'fuz ish,af,ys we;,;a ysCIdmo mdrdcsl ix>dosfiai mdps;a;sh mdgSfoaikSh |=lalg hk wdm;a;s ialJO myg fyda mdrdcsl |=lalg |=nzNdis; hk wdm;a;s ialJO i;g fyda we;,;a lrk ,oafoah'tys oelajqKq tl YsCIdmohl|= jH;sl@uKh lsrSfuka wdm;a;Skag fkdmeusK yosisfha meusKsho thska keZ.S YoaOj jsiSu m@d;sfudCI ixjr YS,hhs'

jsYoaOs udrA.fhys m@d;sfudCI ixjrYS,h fufia olajhs ‘bO NslaLq md;sfudlaL ixjrixjqf;d‘bO NslaLq md;sfudlaL ixjrixjqf;d‘bO NslaLq md;sfudlaL ixjrixjqf;d‘bO NslaLq md;sfudlaL ixjrixjqf;d jsyr;sz jsyr;sz jsyr;sz jsyr;sz wdpdr f.dpr iuzmkafkda wkqu;af;aiq jcAfciq NhoiaidjS iudodh islaL;s wdpdr f.dpr iuzmkafkda wkqu;af;aiq jcAfciq NhoiaidjS iudodh islaL;s wdpdr f.dpr iuzmkafkda wkqu;af;aiq jcAfciq NhoiaidjS iudodh islaL;s wdpdr f.dpr iuzmkafkda wkqu;af;aiq jcAfciq NhoiaidjS iudodh islaL;s islaLdmfoiq’islaLdmfoiq’islaLdmfoiq’islaLdmfoiq’hs m@d;sfudlaI ixjrfhka ixjD;j wdpdr f.dpr folska hqla;j iaj,am ud;@ jrfoys mjd nsh olakd iqZMj YsCIdmo iudokaj f.k jsiSu m@d;sfudlaI ixjrYS,h fjz hkq tys w:!hs'

‘m@d;sfudlaI ixjrfhka ixjD;j’hkafkys f;areu fuys lshk ,oaouh ‘wdpdr f.dapr hk folska hqla;j’hk fuys wdpdro we;'wkdpdro we;'f.dapro we;'wf.dapro we;'wkdpdr kuz lfhka jpk fhka YsCIdmo jH;sl@uKh lsrSuh'ishZM |=is,alush'fjzZMjkdoS wIag l,|+IK tlajsis wfkikdosfhka |=rej jsiSuh'wf.dapr kuz fjiZ.kka jekaoUqjka <usiaishka mKavlhka NsCIqKSka mdkd.drhka rdc rdcdud;Hhka ;SrA:l ;SrA:l Y@djlhka weiqre lsrSuh'kqiq|=iq .sys ixirA.fhka jsiSuh NsCIQkag wfl@dY mrsNj fnfKk Y@oaOd m@ido ke;s l,hka weiqre lsrSuh f.dapr kuz tfia kqiq|=iaika weiqre fkdfldg iq|=iq ;eka weiqre lsrSuhs'

2 bJ|@sh ixjrYS,h

bJ|@sh ixjrYS,h kuz pCIqrdos IvzbJ|@shhka ixjrfldgf.k jsiSuh'ta tfiauhs thska hqla; ;eke;a;d weiska rEm |=gqjo tys kus;s fkd.kafkah'lvd ksus;s fyda fkd.kafkah weisla ixjr jkakyq lrd f,daN oafjzIdos mdm Ou!fhda <x fj;s'tfia <xfjkakg wjldY fkd;nd wei ixjrlr f.k jikafkah lkska Ynzo weiqjo keyefhka .ZoiqjZo .;a;o osjska rijsZosho YrSrfhka iamrAY ,|=jo is;ska wruqKq ,|=jo tys ksus;s fyda lvd ksus;s fyda fkd.kafkah'fY@da;dosh ixjrlrf.k jikafkah'

3 wdcSj mdrsYoaOsYS,h

wdcSj mdrsYoaOsYS,h kuz wdcSjh msrsis|= lrf.k jsiSuh' wdcSjh ksid YsCIdmo yhla urAokh l< yelsh ;ud flfrys ke;s W;re usksia ouz .K we;ehs wZ.jd mdrdcsl jshyelsh lmqluz l:dfldg ix>dosfiaihg m;ajsh yelsh wfkHdmfoaYfhka W;re usksiaouz wZ.jd :q,a,pzphg meusKsh yelsh' fkd.s,kaj msKsfndcqka b,a,df.k j<Zod mdgsfoaikShg meusKsh yelsh NslaLqkshgo fkd.s,kaj iQmjHxZ[ck b,a,df.k j<Zod |=lalghg meusKsh yelsh' ;jo‘l`ykd ,mkdl`ykd ,mkdl`ykd ,mkdl`ykd ,mkd fkus;a;l;d ksmafmisfkus;a;l;d ksmafmisfkus;a;l;d ksmafmisfkus;a;l;d ksmafmisl;d ,dfNak ,dNx kscs.sxika;d’l;d ,dfNak ,dNx kscs.sxika;d’l;d ,dfNak ,dNx kscs.sxika;d’l;d ,dfNak ,dNx kscs.sxika;d’hk mdm Ou!hkaf.a jYfhkao wcSjh /l.; yelsh' tfia fkdfldg oeyeuska fiuska osjs meje;au wdcSj mdrsYoaOs YS,hhs'

.sys iudcfhka NsCIq mCIfhys yevyqrelu meyeos,sju fjkafldg olajkakdjQ fuu wdcSj mdrsYoaOsYS,h NsCIq m@;smodfjys kS;sfhka rls; YS,hlg jvd wdpdr l@uhlska /l.kakg uykais .;a whqre iQ;@.@J:j, tk Ou!lreKqj,ska meyeos,s fjhs' pq,a,iS, ucaCOsu iS, uydiS, kuska iZoyka jk YS, jsfYaIhla n@yaucd, wdoS iQ;@j,oS olakg ,efnz' fuys pq,a,iS,hg wh;qjkqfha my; oelafjk lreKqh tkuz

1 m@dK>d;fhka je<lSu'

2 fydrluska je<lSu'

3 ffu:qk fiajkfhka je<lSu'

4 fndrefjka je<lSu'

5 neKSfuka je<lSu'

6 ysiajpkfhka je<lSu'

7 ysia jpkfhka je<lSu'

8 nSc.du jsfldamkdos us:Hd wdcSjfhka je<lSu'

nSc.du jsfldamkdoS us:Hd wdcSjk l@u-

1 nSc.du jsfldamkh'

2 rd;@S wdydrmdk .ekSu'

3 kegquz .ehquz ne,Su'

4 u,a .Zojs,jqka oerSu'

5 Wiiqka uy wiqka weiqre lsrSu'

6 rkarsoS uiq lyjKq ms<s.ekSu'

7 wuq |@jH ms<s.ekSu'

8 wuq uia ms<s.ekSu'

9 bF:s ludrsldjka ms<s.ekSu'

10 oeisoiqka ms<s.ekSu'

11 tZM;sfrZMka ms<s.ekSu'

12 ll<ka W#rka ms<s.ekSu'

13 we;ka wiqka ms<s.ekSu'

14 fl;aj;a ms<s.ekau'

15 mKsjsv mK;a f.khdu'

16 .kqfokq lsrSu'

17 fydrg nvq lsrd.ekSu'

18 ysushka wysuslsrSu fydruerluz lsrSu wdo kmqre ls@hd'

19 .uz meyerSuz ux meyerSuz wdoS NSIK l@shd hk fuzjdhska je<lSuo pq,a, iS,h fjhs'

ucACOsu iS,h

1 nSc.du N~;.du jsfldamkh'

2 ikakOsldrlh je<oSu'

3 kegquz ne,Su'

4 iQ|= l@Svdj'

5 Wiiqka uyiqka oerSu'

6 YrSr uKavkfhys we,Su'

7 ;srsika l:dfjys we,S isgSu'

8 js.a.y jsjdo l:d lsrSu'

9 mKsjsv mK;a f.hdu'

10 lyljSu hkdoS jeros l@shdjkaf.ka je<elauhs'

uyd iS,h

1 ksus;s lSu'

2 iduq|@sld Ydia;@ lSu'

3 kele;a lSu'

4 .@y ;drld ms<snZo Ydia;@ lSu'

5 ld, .Kh yd uq|@d .Kk oek lSu'

6 fjo fyoluz lsrSu'

7 n,sns,s mQcd meje;ajSu hk fuzjdhska je<lSuh

4 m@;Hh ikaksY@s; YS,h -

isjzmi j<Zokd l, isys l,amkdfhka je<ZoSu m@;HikaksY@s; YS,hhs' ta tfiauh isjqre yZokd fmdfrdakdl< fufia ie<lsh hq;h' uu fuz isjqre l,amkdfhka hqla;j mrsfNdaN lrus' uu fuz mrsfNda. ;rkafka YS; WIaK ueis u|=re wjq iq<x im! hk fudjqkaf.a iamrAY ke;slr .ekSu iZoyd ,ecAcd ia:dk uqjy lr.ekSu iZoydhs' msKavmd;h j<Zokdl< fufia ie,lsh hq;h' uu fuz msKavmd;h l,amkdfjka hqla;j j<Zous' uu fuz j<Zokafka fi,a,uz msKsi fyda uo msKsi wZ. miZ. msKjd.ekau msKsi fyda w,xldrh msKsi fyda fkdfjz' uu fuz j<Zokafka fuz YrSrh jegS hdfkdoS isgqjd.ekSu msKsih hemSu msKsih'

nv.sks ysxidj<ld .ekSu msKsih n@yauprshdjg wkq.@y msKsih'uu fuz msKavmd;h je<ZoSfuka merKs nv.sks fjzokd ke;slr lr,kafkus wZM;a fjzokd kQmojd.kafkus fuhska uf.a osjsmeje;au jkafkah ksjro njo myiqjdiho jkafkahs fikiqka mrsfYda. lrkl, fufia ie,lsh hq;hs' uu l,amkdfjka hqla;j fuz fikiqka mrsfNda. lrus' uu fuz mrsfNda. lrkafka YS; WIaK ueis u|=re wjqjeis iq<x oS>! im! hk fudjqkaf.a iamY!h j<ld .ekSu msKsih' iD; mSvd j<ld .ekSu msKsih' jsfjzl iqjh ,en.kakd msKsih' .s,kami fnfy;a msrslr fnfy;a j<Zokdl< fufia ie,lsh hq;hs' uu l,amkdfjka hqla;j .s,kami fnfy;a fnfy;a msrslr j<Zous' uu fuz j<Zokafka bmso ;sfnk kdkdjsO wdndO fjzokd ke;slr .ekSu msKsih ks|=lanj msKsih'

uska m@d;sfudlaI ixjrYS,h weje;afoiSfuka msrsis|=jk nejska foaYkd YoaOs hhso bJ|@sh ixjrYS,h ixjrfhka YoOjk nejska ixjrYoaOsh hhso wdcSj mdrsYoOs YS,h mfhH!IKfhka YoaOjk nejska mrAfhaIK YoaO hhso m@;HikaksY@s; YS,h m@;HfjzCIKfhka YoaOjk nejska m@;HfjCIdYoaOsh hhso lshkq ,efnzz' fuz i;r wdldr mdrsYoaOs YS,h YS,jsiqoaOs YS,h fjz'

.sysmqoa.,fhl ima; jsYoaOsh jvkafka kuz ta mqoa.,hdg YS, jsYoaOsh mxpYS,huh kuq;a jvd by< iS,hla msysgSu fiiq jsYoaOSka ,en.ekSu iZoyd myiqjk nejska yd uq,ska W;alDIaG jYfhka oelajsh hq; nejska iS, jsYoaOsh NsCIQka jykafia,d jsiska wdrCIdl< hq; i;r ixjr iS,hg wod<j oelajsKs' kuq;a fuhska woyia jkafka jsmiaikdj jevSu nq|=r|=ka kshu lr ;sfnkafka NsCIQka jykafia,dg muKlah hk ldrKh fkdfjz'

.Dyia: YS,h -

.syshka jsiska /lsh hq; mZ[apYS, wdcSj wIaGul YS,(wIagdx. yd kjdx.) Wfmdai: YS, oY YS, ixLHd; YS,hka mrSu yd oY wlY,fhka je<lSu;a .Dyia; YS, kuz fjhs' fufia ;u ;uka rlsk YS,h uekjska imqrd,Su YS, jsYoaOs kuz fjz YS, jsYoaOsfhka ldh oajdrh yd jd.a oajdrh ixjrKh fjz'

2 ps;a; jsYoaOsh

ps;a; jsYoaOsh kuz kSjrKhkaf.ka is; msrsis|= lr.ekSuhs fuys ps;a; kuz iudOshs ta jkdyS Wmpdr iudOs wrAMKd iudOs hhs oajsjsO fjz' Wmpdr iudOs kuz wrAmKd m@dma;shg mQrAjfhka ,efnk ldudjpr ixLHd; iudOshs'wrAmKd iudOs kuz rEmdjpr wrEmdjpr iudOs ixLHd; wIaG iudm;a;s h YS, jsYoaOsh iuzmQrAK lr.;a jsg ps;a; jsYoOsh ,nd.; yelsh'

3 osgzGs jsYoaOsh

ps;a; jsYoaOsh ,;a mqoa.,hd jsiska oDIaGs jsYoaOshg meusKsh hq;h oDIaGs jsYoaOsh kuz kdu rEm mrs.@yhhs' fyj;a kdu rEm ms<snZo msrsisZo oekSuhs' ta oekau jkdyS ixfCIam jYfhka o l<yelsh' jsia;r jYfhkao l< yelsh' wOHd;au Ou! folcfldg is;d fuz kduhd rEm fkdfjz' fuz rEmh kduh fkdfjz' kduh wfkfll' rEmh wfkfll' ta kdu rEm folska wkHjQ wd;auhla fyda cSjfhla fyda iFjfhla fyda mqoa.,fhla fyda ukqIHfhla fyda fojsfhla fyda n@yaufhla fyda ke;ehs oek .ekau ixCIam mrs.@yhhs' fuz iZoyd kdurEm ,CIK ri m@;Hqmia:dk moia:dk jYfhka msrsisZosh hq;h' ,CIKkuz .skafkys WIaKFjh fuka Ou!hkaf.a idudkH iajNdjhhs' ri kuz .skafkys meijk nn<k .;sh fuka Ou!hkaf.a lD;H yd iuzm;a;shs' m@;Hqmia:dk kuz .skafkys|=u fuka Ou!hkaf.a M,hhs' moia:dk kuz .skak we;sjSug fya;fuka Ou!hkaf.a widOdrK m@;Hh ixLHd; wdikak ldrKhhs' fuz isjz wdldrfhka kdu rEm mrs.@yh oDIaGs

jsYoaOshhs' fuhska ilaldh osgzGsh jsIaluzNkh jk nj o;hq;h' thskau ixZ{d jsmhH!di ps;a;jsmhH!di oDIaGs jsmhH!di hk ;@sjsO jsmrAhdiho ;kSjk nj o;hq;h'

kdurEm fol ,CIKdoS jYfhka fukau mGjs Od; wdoS p;rAjsO Od; jYfhkao rEmialJOhdoS mZ[pialJO jYfhkao plaLdh;kdoS oajdoi wdh;k jYfhkao plaLqOd; wdoS wIagdri Od;jYfhkao msrsisZo oekau osgzGs jsYoaOshhs fuz ixfCIam l@uhhs'

jsia;r jYfhka jkdyS tla tla Od;jlgo tla tla ialJOhlgo tla tla wdh;khlgo tla tla plaLdos Od;jlgo wh;a MiaidoS kduo flaidoS rEmo fjkalr o;hq;hs' tfia fjkalr oek ta tla tla kdufhl yda rEmfhl fyda ,CIKdosh fjka fjkaj ne,sh hq;h' ta jsia;rh jsYoaOs udrA.fhys mqZM,aj oelafjz' fufia n,;au Tyqg h:dN~; Z{dk orAYkh my<fjz' fuz h:dN~; orAYkh ke;af;a iFjfhla cSjfhla wd;aufhla we;ehs f.k tys wjskdYh i<lkafka Ydiaj; oDIaGsfhys jefghs'

jskdYh i,lkafka WpzfPAo oDIagsfhys jefghs h:dN~; orAYkh we;af;a wx.iuzNdrh jskd r:hlshs fjku fohla ke;ehs .kakdfia kdurEm folska msg; fjku iFjdosfhla ke;ehs .kafkah' wkaOhd yd ms<d tlaj .uka hkakdfia kdu yd rEm yd tlaj mj;ajkafka hhs .kafkah'

4 lxLdjs;rK jsYoaOsh

osgzGs jsYoaOsh ,;a mqoa.,hd jsiska lxLdjs;rK jsiqoaOshg meusKsh hq;h lxLdjs;rK jsiqqoaOs kuz hg oelajqKq kdu rEmhkaf.a m@;Hh mrs.@yhhs' fyj;a kdu rEm we;sjk fya; msrsisZo oekSuhs' ta oekauo ixfCIam jYfhka o jsia;r jYfhkao ,en.; yelsh' jia; yd wdruzuK kdu we;sjSfuz fya;h' lu! ps;a; iD; wdydr rEm we;sjSfuz fya;h wjsoHd ;DIaKd Wmdodk lu! kdurEm we;sjSfuz fya;hs' fuz ixfCIam mrs.@yhhs mgspzp iuqmamdofhys mgzGdk kh jYfhka oekau jsia;r mrs.@yhhs'

lxLdjs;rK jsiqoaOshg meusfKkq leu;s mqoa.,hd oCI fjfola frda.sfhl oel frda. ksOdkh fidhkakd fia wkqluzmd iys; mqreIfhla jS:sfhl Wvqlrej jegS yqka <orefjl oel Tyqf.a ujzmshka fidhkakdfia kdu rEm oel ta kdu rEm flfiajS oehs Tjqkaf.a m@;Hh fidhkafkah' fuz lh mshqu Wmq,a ;f<l fyda usKsuq; wdfrl fyda Wmoskafka fkdfjhs' mriuzndO |=rA.JO li;< .jrjf<l mKqfjl fuka Wmoskafkah' thg wjsoHd ;DIaKd Wmdodk lu! hk i;r ksnzn;a;l fya;h' wdydrh WmF:uzNl m@;Hh' bks|= wjsoHd ;DIaKd Wmdodk uj fukao lu!h mshd fukao wdydrh lsrsuj fukao Wmldrfjz' fufia rEmldh m@;Hh oek wei yd rEmh ksid plaLqjsZ[aZ[dK is; Wmoskafkah' hkdoSka kduldh m@;Hho oek .kafkah' fuz fufia ful, m@;Hh jqjd fia fmro m@;Hh jQfhah' u;o m@;Hh jkafkah hhs oek.kafkah' tfia oek .kakd Tyqg mQrAjdka;h ksid

mj;akd ‘uu fmr jQfhuzo fkdjQfhuzo flfia jQfhuzo flnZ|= jQfhuzo ljfrlaje ljfrla jQfhuzo hk mxpjsO jspslspzPdjo uu u; jkafkuzo fkdjkafkuzo hkdoSka wmrdka;h ksidwe;sjk mxpjsO jspslspzPdjo

uuo$ke;ao$uu ljfrlsuzo$flnkafolsuzo$fuz i;d fldhska wdfhao$fya fldhs hkafkao$hk jrA;udkh ksid mj;akd ijeoEreuz jspslspzPdo hk fidf<dia jeoEreuz jspslspzPd ke;sjkafkah'

tfia lxLd jspslspzPd js;rKh lrk fyhska fuhg lxLd js;rK jsYoaOsh hhs lshkq ,efnz tlS fidf<dia jeoEreuz jspslspzPdjka fuz whqrska oelajsh yelsh tkuz m<uqj iajlSh w;S; mZ[apialJOh ms<snZoj we;sjkakdjQ ielh flnZ|=o h;a

1 uu bl;a l,ays jQfhuz foda$1

2 uu bl;a l,ays fkd jQfhuz foda$2

3 uu bl;a l,ays ljrlsuz jQfhuz foda$3

4 uu bl;a l,ays ljrlsuz jQfhuzfoda $4

5 uu bl;a l,ays ljfrlje isg ljfrlsuz jQfhuz foda$5

tfukau ish wkd.; mZ[apialJOh ms<snZo mia wdldr ielhkao fuu fidf<dia wdldr ielhg wka;rA.; fjz tu mia wdldr ielhka kuz

1 uu u; l,ays jkafkuzfoda$

2 uu u; l,ays fkdjkafkuz foda$

3 uu u; l,ays ljfrlsuz jkafkuzfoda$

4 uu u; l,ays flfia jkafkuzfoda$

5 uu u; l,ays ljfrlje ljfrlsuz jkafkuz foda$

tfukau ish jrA;udk mZ[apialJOh ms<snZoj ih wdldr ielhkao fuu fidf<dia wdldr ielhg wka;rA.; fjz tu ih wdldr ielhka kuz

1 uu fjuz foda$

2 uu fkdfjuzfoda$

3 uu ljfrlsuz fjuz foda$

4 uu flfia fjuzfoda$

5 fuz iFj f;fuz fld;ekska wdfhafoda$

6 fuz f;fuz fldys hkafkla jkafka foda$

;jo lsisfjla idOdrK widOdrK hk oajsjsO fya;o rEmh ms<snZo lu!dos p;rAjsO fya;o fidhka fkah' pCIqrdos oajdr ih yd rEmdos wdruzuzK ih kduhdf.a idOdrK fya;h li,dli,doS ish,a, thskau jk nejsks' fhdaksfidaukisldrdosh widOdrK fya;h' fhdaksfidaukisldr ioaOu! Y@jKdoshg lY,hkago lu!h jsmdlhkago Njx.dosh l@shdjkago

1 wfydis kqfLd wyx w;S;uoaOdkx$wfydis kqfLd wyx w;S;uoaOdkx$wfydis kqfLd wyx w;S;uoaOdkx$wfydis kqfLd wyx w;S;uoaOdkx$ 2 k kqfLd wfydis w;S;uoaOdkx$k kqfLd wfydis w;S;uoaOdkx$k kqfLd wfydis w;S;uoaOdkx$k kqfLd wfydis w;S;uoaOdkx$ 3 lsx kqfLd wfydis w;S;uoaOdkx $lsx kqfLd wfydis w;S;uoaOdkx $lsx kqfLd wfydis w;S;uoaOdkx $lsx kqfLd wfydis w;S;uoaOdkx $ 4 l:x kqfLd wfydisxl:x kqfLd wfydisxl:x kqfLd wfydisxl:x kqfLd wfydisx w;S;uoaOdkx$w;S;uoaOdkx$w;S;uoaOdkx$w;S;uoaOdkx$ 5 lsx wfydisx kqfLd wyx w;S;uoaOdkx$lsx wfydisx kqfLd wyx w;S;uoaOdkx$lsx wfydisx kqfLd wyx w;S;uoaOdkx$lsx wfydisx kqfLd wyx w;S;uoaOdkx$

m@;Hh jk nejsks' lu! ps;a; iD; wdydr hk i;r rEmhg m@;Hh ful, fuka fmro fuz fufia m@;Hh jQfhah u;o jkafkahhs is;;a Tyqg ;kal,a ms<snZo lxLdjs;rK jkafkah'

;uo lsisfjla kdurEm ms<snZoj mgspzpiuqmamdo kfhka m@;Hh fidhkafkah' thskq+|= Tyqf.a ;kal,a ms<snZo lxLdjs;rK jkafkah'

;jo lsisfjla w;S; fya; mi yd jrA;udk M, mi jYfhkao jrA;udk fya; mi yd wkd.; M, mi jYfhkao hk luzujgzg jsmdl jgzg jYfhka kdurEm ms<snZo m@;Hh fidhkafkah tfia Tyqg w;S; wkd.; jrA;udk Ou! pq;s m@;siJOs jYfhka m@lgj oefkkag mgka .kshs Z[d;mrsZ[aZ[d hkq fuzh fya fufia i,lhs' w;S; lu! m@;Hfhka ksmka ialJO tysu ksreoaO jsh w;S; lu! m@;Hfhka fuys wkH ialJO my<jsh' w;S; Njfhka fuys tlo fohla fkdwdfhah' fuz Njfhys|= lu! m@;Hfhka ksmka ialJO ksreoaO fjhs' u; Njfhys Wmoskafka wkH ialJOh fuz Njfhka u;Njhg lsisjl|= fkdhhs' tfy;a w;S; lu! fya;fhka fuys|= fuys lu! fya;fhka u;o ialJOmY< fkdjkafka fkdfjz hhs fufia pHq;s m@;siJOs jYfhka ish,q Ou! okq;a Tyqg ish,q wdldrfhka kdu rEm ms<snZo m@;Hh mrs.@yh Z{dKh jkafkah' thska by; oelajqKq fidf<dia jeoEreuz iel|=refjhs tfiau‘iF:rslxL;s’ hkdoSka oelafjk wIagjsO lxLdo fkdfjhs foieg us:Hd oDIags jsIaluzNkh fjhs' n@yaucd, iQ;@fhys fulS foieg us;Hd oDIaGSka jsia;r lr ;sfnz'

tu ish,a, Ydiaj; yd WpzfPao hk m@Odk oDIaGs foflys we;<;a l< yelsh kuq;a tu us:HdoDIaGs foieg jrA.SlrKh jk wdldrh oek.ekSu tys m@ydKh iuznJOfhka jeo.;a lreKla jk fyhska yd pska;k wOsldrh |=re lsrSu wrNhd thska is|=jkakd fufyh ms<snZo wjfndaOh ,nd.ekSu iZoyd jeo.;a lreKla jk nejska ta msnZoj idlpzPdl< hq;uh' fulS jrA.SlrKh ms<snZoj fuu f;dr;re iZoyka jkafka wgzGl:dj, nejska wgzGl:dkqidrfhka tajd fuf,i f.dkql< yelsh'

1 Ydiaj; oDIaGs i;rls'

2 tl;H Ydiaj; oDIaGs i;rls'

3 wka;dka;sl oDIaGs i;rls'

4 wurd jsfCIams; oDIaGs i;rls'

5 wOspzp iuqmamkakjdo folls'

6 ixZ{Sjdo 16 ls'

7 wixZ{Sjdo wgls'

8 fkjixZ{Sjdo wgls'

9 WpzfPAojdo i;ls'

10 oDIaG Ou! ksj!dKjdo mils'

1 Ydiaj; oDIaGs i;r –

1 OHdk jvd mQrAfjzksjdidkqiauD;s Z{dkh ,en tla l,amhla ;< ;uka Wmka Njhka olskakg iu:!jQ we;euz uyK nuqKka (fudfyd;la mdid mZ[apialJOfhys is|=jk jskdYh fkdoel) udf.a wd;auh fumuK l,la fkdkeiS meje;af;a hhs is;d f,dalh yd iFjfhda ks;Hfj;shs .;a oDIaGshhs'

2 l,am oYhla uqZM,af,ys fmr jsiQ lZo ms<sfj< oelalyels Z{dkh ,enQjka hglS fia Wmojd.;a oDIafsh fojekakhs'

3 l,am i;<sila oelalyels Z{dkh ,enQjka fmrfiau jrojd.;a oDIagsh f;jekakhs'

4 fji;re rc miql,l nq|= jS kuz wd;auh fkdkeiS mj;akd fohlehs ;l!fldg f,dalh yd iFjfhda ks;H fj;shs .;a;yqf.a oDIagsh isjqjekakhs'

2 tl;H Ydiaj; oDIags i;r –

5 wdosl,amfhys fmdf<dfjz iFkhka ke;sl< wdNiair nUf,jska pHq;j YkH jsudkhl bmso fndfyda l,la ;ksj jik mqoa.,hd ‘wkH iFjfhdao fuys we;akuz fhfyle’hs is;hs' l,ahdfuka wkH iFjfhdao wdNiair nU f,djska pHq;j fuys Wmos;s' tjsg uq,ska bmso isgs n@yauhd ‘fudjqyq ud jsiska ujk ,oy’hs is;d.kS' miqj Wmkafkdao m@:u mqoa.,hd wms jsiska ujk ,oehs is;d .ks;a m@:u n@yauhd wdhqjK!dosfhka wkHhka blaujd isgshs'miq l,l ta nU f,djska pHq;j usksia f,dj Wmkafkla OHdk jvd mQfjz!ksjdi Z{dkh ,en fmr Njh n,kafka tys jsiQ m@:u n@yauhd ta;dla cSj;aj isgsk nejskq;a wkHhka thska pHq;fjk nejskq;a ‘ta n@yauhd ks;H mqoa.,fhls wkHfhda wks;H fj;s’hs tlks;H Ydiaj;oDIagsh .kS' we;euz flfkla ks;H fj;s' we;euz flfkla tfia fkdfj;shs weoySu fuz jpkfhka woyia lrkq ,efnz'

6 Wvskau msysgs fojzf,da foflys nsvzvdmfodisl kuz foajiuQyhla jihs' fuz fojshkaf.ka we;euz flfkla wosl fia fl<s iskdjkays fhoSu ksid wdydr .kakd ld,h isyske;s fldg th blaujSu ksid urKhg m;afj;s' fuz fojshka w;frka flfkla usksiaf,dj bmso OHdk jvd fmrNjh n,kafka ta fojzf,dj jik fojsfhda ks;Hhehsso thska pHq;jQfjda wks;Hhehso i,l;a fuh fofjks tl;H Ydiaj; jdohhs'

7 pd;u!ydrdcslfhys ‘uk% m@|+Il’kuz foaj iuQyhla we;' Tjqkaf.ka we;euz flfkla wkqkaf.a iuzm;a oel bjish fkdyelsj fldamfhka oejS ta foajd;aufhka pHq; fj;s thska tflla fuys bmso fmr jsiQ lZoms<sfj< oel ta fojsf,dj jikafkda ks;H fj;s thska pHq; jQfjda wks;H fj;shs is;d .kS' fuh f;fjks tl;HYdiaj; oDIags jdohhs'

8 ;l! lrkakdjQ we;euz Y@uK n@yauK flfkla wei lK kyh osj YrSrh hk fudyq jskdY fj;s' is; lsislf,l;a jskdY fkdfjz' huz fia mCIsfhla tla .ila w;ayer wka .ilg fhao huzfia usksfila tla f.hla w;ayer wkaf.hlg fhao tfuka is; tla isrerla w;ayer wka isrerlg meusfKa hehs ;l! fldg is; ks;H hehso w;H bF|@shfhda wks;H hehso .ks;a' fuh isjqfjks tl;HYdiaj; oDIagshhs'

3 wka;dkka;sl oDIags i;r –

9 we;euz uyK nuqfKda lisK1 jvd ,enQ m@;sNd. ksus;a; ilaj<.en we;s;dla m;rejkafka ke;sj ta iudOsfhys mej;s ps;a; ffp;islhka wd;auhhs is;df.k wd;auh fl<jrla fyj;a msrsisZos m@udKhla we;s tll hk oDIags .ks;a'

10 we;euz flfkla ;uka ,enQ m@;sNd. ksus;a; ilaj< we;s;dla m;rejd ta iudOsfhys mej;s ps;a; ffp;is lhka wd;auhehs is;df.k wd;auh wka;(= fl<jrla) ke;a;l hk oDIagsh .ks;a'

11 we;euz flfkla ;uka ,enQ m@;sNd. ksus;a; Wv hg fofosidjkays fkdm;rjd yria osYdj, muKla m;rjd wd;auhdf.a Wvhg fome;a; Wvhg fome;af;a fl<jrj,a we;a;dy yria w;g wka;hla ke;af;ah hk oDIags .ks;a' Tjqyq f,dlfha wka;hla we;ehs lS whgo ke;ehs lS whgo fodia kZ.uska f,dlh yd wd;auh tla wdldrhlska wka; iys; hhso ;j;a wdldrhlska wka; rys; hhso m@ldY lr;a' fuh f;fjks wka;dka;sl oDIagshhs'

12 we;euz flfkla fuz wka;hka .ek l:dl< ;ka fldgigu fodiakZ.d ;ukaf.a ;l!hkag wkql~, f,i f,dalh wka; we;a;lao wka; ke;a;lao fkdfjzhhs m@ldY lr;a' fuz isjqfjks wka;dkka;sl oDIagshhs'

4 wurdjsfCIamsl oDIags i;r –

13 we;euz flfkla fuz lY,a hhs fkdoks;a fuh hym;ah fuh whym;ahhs fkdoks;a' tnejska wkHfhl ‘fuzjd lY,ao$’ lshd jsuiqjfyd;a ;udf.a W;a;rh jroSh hk Nhska ‘ug tfia fkdisf;a’hhs lsh;a' ‘fuzjd lY,ah fkdfj;ao$’hs weiQjsg;a ‘ug tfia fkdisf;a’hhs lsh;a' fufia lsis m@Ykhlg wiqfjk W;a;rhla fkdoS wdfZol fuka mek mek hdu m@:u wurdjsfCIams; oDIagshhs' 2

14 we;euz flfkla lI,a wlI,a kshu jYfhka fkdo;a nejska tlla oevsfldg .ekSu ;ukag wys; msKsi mj;S hhs i,ld hglS fia tllgj;a wiqfkdjS ms<s;re fo;a' th fofjks wurd jsfCIamsl oDIagshhs'

15 we;euz flfkla ‘ud huz woyila m@ldYl<fyd;a wkHjdo urAokfhys oCIjQ mKavs;hkaf.a m@Yakj,g ms<s;re fokakg is|=fjhs' ms<s;re fokakg fkdyels jqjfyd;a th ug kskaod msksi mj;S' hhs i<ld ;ukaf.a woyia m@ldY fkdfldg ‘tfia;a fkdfjz’hhs lshuska lsisfjlg wiq fkdjS .e,fj;s fuh f;fjks wurd jsfCIamsl oDIagshhs'

16 we;euz flfkla wZ{dkNdjh ksidu wkHhkaf.a m@Yakj,g W;a;r oSug Nfhka weiQ weiQ m@Yakj,g ‘tfia;a fkdfjz’tfia fkdjkafka;a fkdfjz’hkdoS jYfhka ms<s;re fo;a' fuh isjqjeks jQ wurd jsfCIams; oDIagshhs'

5 wOspzpiuqmamkakjdo fol –

17 is; ke;s rEmialJOh muKla we;s wixZ{ Njfhys Wmka iFjfhda l,am mkaishhla tys jei wka;fha oS ixZ{djf.a (fyj;a jsZ{dkhdf.a) b,oSfuka ta Njfhka pHq;j usksia f,dj Wmos;s'

1 m@;sNd. ksus;a; kuz mGjs lisKdosh jvd m@.`KNdjhg m;ajQ miq ;udg leu;sjsgl weiafol mshdf.k fyda oelalyels isf;a ;ekam;ajQ ;isK igykhs 2 wdZodf.a wefZ.a fifj,a .;shla we;s nejska W# we,a,Su b;d wmyiq hehs lshkq ,efnz

Tjqkaf.kawe;euz flfkla OHdk jvd fmrjsiQ lZo ms<sfj< oel wixZ{ Njfhys Wmka wdldrh fkdoel’iFjfhda fya;jla ldrKhla ke;sj Wmos;s’hk oDIagsh .ks;a' fuz m@:u wOspzp iuzmamkak oDIagshhs'

18 we;euz flfkla ;ukaf.a ;l! js;l! wkqj f,dalh yd iFjfhda fya; m@;Hh ke;sj hg.ks;shs' woy;a' fuz fofjks wOspzp iuqmamkak jdohhs'

6 ixZ{Sjdo 16 kuz –

19 we;uz flfkla rEmdjpr OHdk jvd ;uka ,nd ;sfnk ;isK ksus;a; wd;auhhs f.k urKska u;af;ys ta wd;auh yd tys mj;akd ixZ{dj ks;H hhs .ks;s'

20 we;euz flfkla wrEm OHdk ,en ta ta OHdk ksus;s wd;auhhs I,ldf.k urkska u; ta wd;auh yd tys mj;akd ixZ{dj ks;H hhs ms<s.ks;a'

21 w;euz flfkla wrEmdjpr OHdk ,dNSj ta OHdk ksus;s wd;auhhs I,ldf.k urKska u;af;ys ta wd;auh ks;Hj o ixZ{d iys;jo mj;Shhs ms<s.ks;a'

22 we;euz flfkla ;ukaf.a ;l!kjYfhka wd;auh urKska u;af;ys rEmS wrEmS hk fohdldrfhka f;drj tldka; ixZ{Sj mj;afka hhs woy;a'

23 we;euz flfkla wd;auh urKska u;af;ys wka; iys;j ixZ{diys;j mj;S hhs .ks;a

24 we;euz flfkla urKska u;af;ys wd;auh wka; rys;h ixZ{d iys; hhs .ks;a'

25 we;euz flfkla urKska u;af;ys wd;auh wka; we;af;ao ke;af;ao fjz ixZ{d we;a;la fjz hhs ms,s.ks;a'

26 we;euz flfkla wd;auh urKska u;af;ysoS wka; we;a;lao ke;a;lao fkdfjz ixZ{d we;a;lahhs .ks;a

27 we;euz flfkla OHdkhg iuje|+Kq wjia:d jYfhka wd;auh tldldr ixZ{d we;a;la hhs .ks;a'

28 we;euz flfkla OHdkhg iu fkdje|+Kq wjia:d jYfhka wd;auh kdkdldr ixZ{d we;a;la hhs .ks;a'

29 we;euz flfkla lisK wruqK jsYd,fldg fkdm;rejuska OHdk jvd wd;auh lvd m@udK we;a;la hhs .ks;a'

30 we;euz flfkla th jsYd, fldg m;rejuska OHdk jvd wd;auh m@udK rys;hhs .ks;a '

31 we;euz flfkla f;fjks isjqfjks OHdk ,enQjka tldka; iem we;s nUf,dj Wmoskq osjeiska oel wd;auh wusY@ iem we;a;lehs .ks;a'

32 we;euz flfkla krlfhys Wmokd iFjhka osjeiska oel wd;auh wusY@ |=la we;a;lehs .ks;a'

33 we;euz flfkla usksia f,dj Wmosk iFjhka oel wd;auh iem |=la folska hqla; hhs .ks;a'

34 we;euz flfkla fjmaM, nUf,dj Wmokd iFjhka oel wd;auh uOHia: fjzokdfjka hqla;j ixZ{d iys;j mj;skaklehs .ks;a fulS fidf<dia fldgiu urKska u;af;ys wd;auh fkdkeiS ixZ{d we;a;laj mj;S hk u;h we;af;dah'

oijsO jQ pska;kuh wOsldrhka j,ska f;drjQ ps;a; ixl,amhka jO!kh lsrSu ;,ska ixZ{Sjdo fidf<di m@ydKh lsrSug yelsnj ld,du iQ;@h wkqj meyeos,sfjz'

wkqY@jh (Report)1 uZ.ska ,nd.kakd ixZ{Sjdo fidf<di m@ydKh lsrSfuz jsOsl@uhka ms<snZo

oekqu ;yjqre jSug kuz ;ukao th Ndjs;hg f.k jsuidn,d tu oekqu ;ukaf.a njg tkuz ;od;auShlKhlg Ndckhlr.; hq;h' tfia fkdjkakdjQ ixZ{Sjdo fidf<di m@ydKh lsrSfuz jsOsl@uhka fyj;a weiSuz wkqY@jh ud;@fldgf.k muKla tys ksjerosNdjh ukskq,nkafkkuz th ksjeros ixZ{Sjdo fidf<di m@ydKh lsrSfuz jsOsl@uhka l@shdj,shla fkdjk nj nq|=iuh mjihs'

tfukau ixZ{Sjdo fidf<di m@ydKh lsrSfuz l@shdj,sfhaoS mdruzmrslNdjh(mruzmrdh Tradition)2 mokuzlrf.k tu ixZ{Sjdo fidf<di m@ydKh lsrSfuz jsOsl@uhka ksjeroshehs ;SrKhlg t<USu ksjeros fkdfjz' n@dyauKhkaf.a fjzoh iuznJOfhkao Tjqka yqjd olajkafka tu weiSuz mdruzmrsljk nejska tajd ksrjoHjk njhs' mrmqfrys meusKsh;a tu Y@jKhka mokuz jS we;af;a i;H milalsrSug jvd ;u;ukaf.a wd.usl wrA:oelajSuz yqjd oelajSug jk nejska tajd ksjeros ixZ{Sjdo fidf<di m@ydKh lsrSfuz jsOsl@uhka fkdfjz'

tfukau ixZ{Sjdo fidf<di m@ydKh lsrSfuz l@shdj,sfhaoS fufia fmrlshd ;sfnzhkak(b;slsrdh Prologue ; Presuppose)3 mokuzlr f.k tu ixZ{Sjdo fidf<di m@ydKh lsrSfuz jsOsl@uhka

ksjeroshehs ;SrKhlg t<USu ksjeros fkdfjz' fmrlshd ;snqkqnj hkak ixZ{Sjdo fidf<di m@ydKh lsrSfuz l@shdj,sh ;, fm#rdKslFjh yd ineZ|=kq fohla jkjd usi tu ixZ{Sjdo fidf<di m@ydKh lsrSfuz jsOsl@uhka ksjerosnj ;yjqrelsrSfuys,d usKquz oKavla lr .ekSu idjoHnj nq|=iuh olajhs'

tfukau ixZ{Sjdo fidf<di m@ydKh lsrSfuz l@shdj,sfhysoS msgl iuzmodh(Given in the Scripture) 4mokuzlrf.k tu ixZ{Sjdo fidf<di m@ydKh lsrSfuz jsOsl@uhka ksjeroshehs ;SrKhlg t<USu ksjeros fkdfjz' f,aLk.;nj hkak wd.usl woyia ixrCIKfhys,d bjy,ajk l@ufjzohla usi tu ixZ{Sjdo fidf<di m@ydKh lsrSfuz jsOsl@uhka ksjerosnj ;yjqrelsrSfuys,d th usKquz oKavla lr.ekSu nq|=iuh wkqu; fkdlrhs'

tfukau ixZ{Sjdo fidf<di m@ydKh lsrSfuz l@shdj,sfhysoS ;rAlkh(Logical Implication)5 mokuzlrf.k tu ixZ{Sjdo fidf<di m@ydKh lsrSfuz jsOsl@uhka ksjeroshehs ;SrKhlg t<USu wfhda.Hh' ;drAlslnj hkak hula ta;a; .ekajSfuz ls@hdj,sfhysoS Bg wdOdr WmldrSjk woyia yd ixZ{Sjdo fidf<di m@ydKh lsrSfuz jsOsl@uhka bosrsm;a lsrSfuz jsOsl@uhla jkjd yefrkakg tlS woyia yd ixZ{Sjdo fidf<di m@ydKh lsrSfuz jsOsl@uhka ksjerosnj ;yjqrelsrSfuys,d th usKquz oZvqjla lr.ekSu nq|=iuh wkqu; fkdlrhs'

1 w' ks' 1";sl ksmd;h"uydj.a.h ld,du iq;a;"nq'c'uq"377-343 msgq' ud wkqiaifjzkud wkqiaifjzkud wkqiaifjzkud wkqiaifjzk 2 tu ud mruzmrdhud mruzmrdhud mruzmrdhud mruzmrdh 3 tu ud b;slsrdhud b;slsrdhud b;slsrdhud b;slsrdh 4 tu ud msgl iuzmodfkakud msgl iuzmodfkakud msgl iuzmodfkakud msgl iuzmodfkak 5 tu ud ;lal fya;`ud ;lal fya;`ud ;lal fya;`ud ;lal fya;`

tfukau ixZ{Sjdo fidf<di m@ydKh lsrSfuz l@shdj,sfhysoS kHdhdkQidrSjSu(Nomalogical)1 mokuz lrf.k tu ixZ{Sjdo fidf<di m@ydKh lsrSfuz jsOsl@uhka ksjeros hehs ;SrKhlg t<USu wfhda.Hh' kHdkQidrSjSu hkak hula fuz whqrska ixZ{Sjdo fidf<di m@ydKh lsrSu l< hq;hehs ks.ukhla ,ndoS ;snqKq l@shdoduhlgu wkq.;j tu wixZ{Sjdo fidf<di m@ydKh lsrSu is|=lrkjd yefrkakg jspdrmQrAjl jSfuys lsis|= bvlvla ta ;,ska fkdiemfha' tfukau taksid th mdol fldgf.k tlS ixZ{Sjdo fidf<di m@ydKh lsrSfuz jsOsl@uhkays ksjerosnj ;yjqre lsrSfuys,d th tlu usKquz oKavla lr.ekSu nq|=iuh wkqu; fkdlrhs'

tfukau ixZ{Sjdo fidf<di m@ydKh lsrSfuz l@shdj,sfhaoS huz fohla jkafka fuz whqrska hehs (wdldr mrsjs;rAlh Diversification of Thought)2 ;ukaf.a mQj!ixl,amkhka mdol fldgf.k tu ixZ{Sjdo fidf<di m@ydKh lsrSfuz jsOsl@uhka ms<snZoj ksjeros ;SrKhlg t<USu wfhda.Hnj nq|=iuh fmkajdfohs' idys;HOrhka l,dlrejka ;u ksu!dK jia;nSc iZoyd fnfyjska fuu mQj!ixl,amkd Ndjs;dlr;s'tksid mQj!ixl,amhkhka lsishuz ksu!dKd;aul lghq;a;lg yerekqfldg ixZ{Sjdo fidf<di m@ydKh lsrSfuz jsOsl@uhka jeks jsoHd;aul js.@yhkag t<Ushhq; wjia:dj,oS Ndjs;dlsrSu wfhda.Hh'

tfukau ixZ{Sjdo fidf<di m@ydKh lsrSfuz l@shdj,sfhysoS jsh yelsnj fyj;a iuzNdjs;dj (NjH;dj Potentity)3 mdollrf.k tu ixZ{Sjdo fidf<di m@ydKh lsrSfuz jsOsl@uhka ms<snZoj ksjeros ;SrKhlg t<USu wfhda.Hnj nq|=iuh fmkajdfohs' iuzNdjs;dj jkdyS lsishuz wkqudkhls tlS wkqudkhg mdollr.kafka tu lreKg iudk fjk;a mQj!w;aoelSuzh jsh yelsnj fyda fkdjshyels nj ;SrKh flfrkafka wjsksYaps; ;;ajhla mokuzlrf.k ksid fuz uZ.ska h:drA:jdoS wjfndaOhlalrd .ukal< fkdyelsnj nq|=iuh mjihs' ksYaps;jQ ixZ{Sjdo fidf<di m@ydKh lsrSfuz jsOsl@uhka;, wjsksYaps; iajNdjhla ;snsh fkdyelsnejska nq|=iuh fuu ;;ajh h:drA:jdoS ixZ{Sjdo fidf<di m@ydKh lsrSfuz jsOsl@uhkag ndOdldrSjkakla f,i fmkajdoS we;'

tfukau ixZ{Sjdo fidf<di m@ydKh lsrSfuz l@shdj,sfhysoS lshkq,nkakd fyj;a .rejrhdf.a jpkh u;u t<US (iufKd fkd .re Cousultations of Preceptor)4 lsis|= pspdrmQj!l wdl,amhlska f;drj ks.ukj,g t<USu wfhda.Hnj nq|=iuh fmkajdfohs'.rejrhdf.a jpkhg ieuod ieufoku .rel< hq;h tams<snZoj lsis|= lsis|= jsjdohla ;snsh fkdyel kuq;a fuys wvqmdvqj jkafka .rejrhd f.a jpkh YsIHhd fld;ruz wjfndaOfhka hq;j ms<smoskjdo hk ldrkhhs' jspdrmQj!lNdjfha jeo.;alu biau;jkafka fukak fuz ia:dkfhaoShs we;euzjsg ixZ{Sjdo fidf<di m@ydKh lsrSfuz jsOsl@uhka b.ekajSfuz l@shdj,sfhysoS fjfyi wu;ljSuz jeks fya;ksid .rejrhdg huzhuz w;miqjSuz we;sjsh yelsh'tjsg uekjska ijka fok YsIHhdf.a hq;lujkafka ffu;@Siy.;j yd f.#rjmQrAjlj .rejrhdg tu ia:dk fmkajdoSuhs' uyd j.a.md,sfha j;a;laLJOlfhoS wdpdrAh WmdOHdh yd ioaOsjsydrsl j;aj,oS nq|=r|=ka fuz lreKq uekjska jsia;rlr oS ;sfnz'

tfukau ixZ{Sjdo fidf<di m@ydKh lsrSfuz l@shdj,sfhysoS by; olajd we;s lreKq kjfh(9)ka uki wdjrKhlr.ksuska oDIaGs.;slj(osgzGs kscACOdklaLka;s Cousultations of Preceptor)5 tu ixZ{Sjdo fidf<di m@ydKh lsrSfuz jsOsl@uhka ms<snZo ks.ukj,g meusKSu nq|=iuh fhda.Hhehs wkqu; fkdlrhs' oDIaGSka .@KhlsrSu hkq udkisl jsjD;Ndjh

1 w' ks' 1";sl ksmd;h"uydj.a.h ld,du iq;a;"nq'c'uq"377-343 msgq' ud kh fya;`ud kh fya;`ud kh fya;`ud kh fya; 2 tu ud wdldr mrsjs;laflakud wdldr mrsjs;laflakud wdldr mrsjs;laflakud wdldr mrsjs;laflak 3 tu ud NnznrEm;dhud NnznrEm;dhud NnznrEm;dhud NnznrEm;dh 4 tu ud iufKdaud iufKdaud iufKdaud iufKda fkda .rE;sfkda .rE;sfkda .rE;sfkda .rE;s 5 w' ks' 1";sl ksmd;h"uydj.a.h ld,du iq;a;"nq'c'uq"377-343 msgq' ud osgzGs kscACOdklaLka;shdud osgzGs kscACOdklaLka;shdud osgzGs kscACOdklaLka;shdud osgzGs kscACOdklaLka;shd

rys; ;;ajhls nqoaOs jO!kh msksi th Wmldrj;a fkdfjz' nqoaOs jO!kh is|=jkqfha jsjD;udkis; miq;,hla;,oSh nq|=kajykafiaf.a Ou! foaYkd udrA.fhka wixZ{Sjdo fidf<di m@ydKh lsrSfuz jsOsl@uhka wkq.ukhlr fndfydafofkl Ou!djfndaOh ,nd ud.!M, mila lr.kq ,enQfha Wkajykafiaf.a ixZ{Sjdo fidf<di m@ydKh lsrSfuz jsOsl@uhka Y@jKh l< wh;< lsis|= wdldrfha oDIagshla we;sjSug lsis|= bvla fkd;nd ixZ{Sjdo fidf<di m@ydKh lsrSfuz l@shdj,sh werUSug fmr Tjqka;, ;snQ oDIaGSkao myj hk wdldrfhkaa ;u ixZ{Sjdo fidf<di m@ydKh lsrSfuz jsOsl@uhka Tjqkag Y@jKh jkakg ie,eiajQ nejsks'

7 wixZ{Sjdo wg –

35 we;euz flfkla urKska u;af;ys wd;auh rEm we;a;laj ixZ{d ke;a;laj ls;Hj mj;S hhs .ks;a

36 we;euz flfkla wd;auh rEm ke;a;laj ixZ{d ke;a;laj ks;Hj mj;S hhs .ks;a'

37 we;euz flfkla wd;auh rEm we;af;ao ke;af;ao fjz ks;H fjz ixZ{d ke;af;a fjzhhs .ks;a'

38 we;euz flfkla wd;auh rEm we;a;lao ke;a;lao fkdfjz ks;H fjz ixZ{d ke;a;la fjz hhs .ks;a

39 we;euz flfkla wd;auh wka; we;a;lah ks;Hh ixZ{d ke;a;la hhs .ks;a'

40 we;euz flfkla wd;auh fl<jr (iSud) ke;a;lah ks;Hh ixZ{d rys;hhs .ks;a'

41 we;uz flfkla wd;auh wka; we;a;lao ke;a;lao fjz ks;h fjz ixZ{d ke;a;lehs .ks;a'

42 we;euz flfkla wd;auh wka; wka; we;a;lao ke;a;lao fjz ks;H fjz ixZ{d rys;fjz hhs .ks;a'

oijsO jQ pska;kuh wOsldrhka j,ska f;drjQ ps;a; ixl,amhka jO!kh lsrSu ;,ska wixZ{Sjdo wg m@ydKh lsrSug yelsnj ld,du iQ;@h wkqj meyeos,sfjz'

wkqY@jh (Report)1 uZ.ska ,nd.kakd wixZ{Sjdo wg m@ydKh lsrSfuz jsOsl@uhka ms<snZo oekqu ;yjqre jSug kuz ;ukao th Ndjs;hg f.k jsuidn,d tu oekqu ;ukaf.a njg tkuz ;od;auShlr Khlg Ndckhlr.; hq;h' tfia fkdjkakdjQ wixZ{Sjdo wg m@ydKh lsrSfuz jsOsl@uhka fyj;a weiSuz wkqY@jh ud;@fldgf.k muKla tys ksjerosNdjh ukskq,nkafkkuz th ksjeros wixZ{Sjdo wg m@ydKh lsrSfuz l@shdj,shla fkdjk nj nq|=iuh mjihs'

tfukau wixZ{Sjdo wg m@ydKh lsrSfuz l@shdj,sfhaoS mdruzmrslNdjh(mruzmrdh Tradition)2 mokuzlrf.k tu wixZ{Sjdo wg m@ydKh lsrSfuz jsOsl@uhka ksjeroshehs ;SrKhlg t<USu ksjeros fkdfjz' n@dyauKhkaf.a fjzoh iuznJOfhkao Tjqka yqjd olajkafka tu weiSuz mdruzmrsljk nejska tajs ksrjoHjk njhs mrmqfrys meusKsh;a tu Y@jKhka mokuz jS we;af;a i;H milalsrSug jvd ;u;ukaf.a wd.usl wrA:oelajSuz yqjd oelajSug jk nejska tajd ksjeros wixZ{Sjdo wg m@ydKh lsrSfuz jsOsl@uhka fkdfjz'

1 tu ud wkqiaifjzkud wkqiaifjzkud wkqiaifjzkud wkqiaifjzk 2 tu ud mruzmrdhud mruzmrdhud mruzmrdhud mruzmrdh

tfukau wixZ{Sjdo wg m@ydKh lsrSfuz l@shdj,sfhaoS fufia fmrlshd ;sfnzhkak(b;slsrdh Prologue ; Presuppose)1 mokuzlr f.k tu wixZ{Sjdo wg m@ydKh lsrSfuz jsOsl@uhka ksjeroshehs ;SrKhlg t<USu ksjeros fkdfjz' fmrlshd ;snqkqnj hkak wixZ{Sjdo wg m@ydKh lsrSfuz l@shdj,sh;, fm#rdKslFjh yd ineZ|=kq fohla jkjd usi tu wixZ{Sjdo wg m@ydKh lsrSfuz jsOsl@uhka ksjerosnj ;yjqrelsrSfuys,d usKquz oKavla lr .ekSu idjoHnj nq|=iuh olajhs'

tfukau wixZ{Sjdo wg m@ydKh lsrSfuz l@shdj,sfhysoS msgl iuzmodh(Given in the Scripture)2 mokuzlrf.k tu wixZ{Sjdo wg m@ydKh lsrSfuz jsOsl@uhka ksjeroshehs ;SrKhlg t<USu ksjeros fkdfjz f,aLk.;nj hkak wd.usl woyia ixrCIKfhys,d bjy,ajk l@ufjzohla usi tu wixZ{Sjdo wg m@ydKh lsrSfuz jsOsl@uhka ksjerosnj ;yjqrelsrSfuys,d th usKquz oKavla lr.ekSu nq|=iuh wkqu; fkdlrhs'

tfukau wixZ{Sjdo wg m@ydKh lsrSfuz l@shdj,sfhysoS ;rAlkh(Logical Implication)3 mokuzlrf.k tu wixZ{Sjdo wg m@ydKh lsrSfuz jsOsl@uhka ksjeroshehs ;SrKhlg t<USu wfhda.Hh ;drAlslnj hkak hula ta;a; .ekajSfuz ls@hdj,sfhysoS Bg wdOdr WmldrSjk woyia yd wixZ{Sjdo wg m@ydKh lsrSfuz jsOsl@uhka bosrsm;a lsrSfuz jsOsl@uhla jkjd yefrkakg tlS woyia yd wixZ{Sjdo wg m@ydKh lsrSfuz jsOsl@uhka ksjerosnj ;yjqrelsrSfuys,d th usKquz oZvqjla lr.ekSu nq|=iuh wkqu; fkdlrhs'

tfukau wixZ{Sjdo wg m@ydKh lsrSfuz l@shdj,sfhysoS kHdhdkQidrSjSu(Nomalogical)4 mokuz lrf.k tu wixZ{Sjdo wg m@ydKh lsrSfuz jsOsl@uhka ksjeros hehs ;SrKhlg t<USu wfhda.Hh' kHdkQidrSjSu hkak hula fuz whqrska wixZ{Sjdo wg m@ydKh lsrSu l< hq;hehs ks.ukhla ,ndoS ;snqKq l@shdoduhlgu wkq.;j tu wixZ{Sjdo wg m@ydKh lsrSu is|=lrkjd yefrkakg jspdr mQrAjl jSfuys lsis|= bvlvla ta ;,ska fkdiemfha' tfukau taksid th mdol fldgf.k tlS wixZ{Sjdo wg m@ydKh lsrSfuz jsOsl@uhkays ksjerosnj ;yjqre lsrSfuys,d th tlu usKquz oKavla lr.ekSu nq|=iuh wkqu; fkdlrhs'

tfukau wixZ{Sjdo wg m@ydKh lsrSfuz l@shdj,sfhaoS huz fohla jkafka fuz whqrska hehs(wdldr mrsjs;rAlh Diversification of Thought)5 ;ukaf.a mQj!ixl,amkhka mdol fldgf.k tu wixZ{Sjdo wg m@ydKh lsrSfuz jsOsl@uhka ms<snZoj ksjeros ;SrKhlg t<USu wfhda.Hnj nq|=iuh fmkajdfohs' idys;HOrhka l,dlrejka ;u ksu!dK jia;nSc iZoyd fnfyjska fuu mQj!ixl,amkd Ndjs;dlr;s tksid mQj!ixl,amhkhka lsishuz ksu!dKd;aul lghq;a;lg yerekqfldg wixZ{Sjdo wg m@ydKh lsrSfuz jsOsl@uhkajeks jsoHd;aul js.@yhkag t<Ushhq; wjia:dj,oS Ndjs;dlsrSu wfhda.Hh'

tfukau wixZ{Sjdo wg m@ydKh lsrSfuz l@shdj,sfhysoS jsh yelsnj fyj;a iuzNdjs;dj(NjH;dj Potentity)6 mdollrf.k tu wixZ{Sjdo wg m@ydKh lsrSfuz jsOsl@uhka ms<snZoj ksjeros ;SrKhlg t<USu wfhda.Hnj nq|=iuh fmkajdfohs' iuzNdjs;dj jkdyS lsishuz

1 w' ks' 1";sl ksmd;h"uydj.a.h ld,du iq;a;"nq'c'uq"377-343 msgq' ud b;slsrdhud b;slsrdhud b;slsrdhud b;slsrdh 2 tu ud msgl iuzmodfkakud msgl iuzmodfkakud msgl iuzmodfkakud msgl iuzmodfkak 3 tu ud ;lal ud ;lal ud ;lal ud ;lal fya;`fya;`fya;`fya;` 4 tu ud kh fya;`ud kh fya;`ud kh fya;`ud kh fya;` 5 tu ud wdldr mrsjs;laflakud wdldr mrsjs;laflakud wdldr mrsjs;laflakud wdldr mrsjs;laflak 6 w' ks' 1";sl ksmd;h"uydj.a.h ld,du iq;a;"nq'c'uq"377-343 msgq' ud NnznrEm;dhud NnznrEm;dhud NnznrEm;dhud NnznrEm;dh

wkqudkhls' tlS wkqudkhg mdollr.kafka tu lreKg iudk fjk;a mQj!w;aoelSuzh jsh yelsnj fyda fkdjshyels nj ;SrKh flfrkafka wjsksYaps; ;;ajhla mokuzlrf.k ksid fuz uZ.ska h:drA:jdoS wjfndaOhla lrd .ukal< fkdyelsnj nq|=iuh mjihs' ksYaps;jQ wixZ{Sjdo wg m@ydKh lsrSfuz jsOsl@uhka;, wjsksYaps; iajNdjhla ;snsh fkdyelsnejska nq|=iuh fuu ;;ajh h:drA:jdoS wixZ{Sjdo wg m@ydKh lsrSfuz jsOsl@uhkag ndOdldrSjkakla f,i fmkajdoS we;'

tfukau wixZ{Sjdo wg m@ydKh lsrSfuz l@shdj,sfhysoS lshkq,nkakd fyj;a .rejrhdf.a jpkh u;u t<US (iufKd fkd .re Cousultations of Preceptor)1 lsis|= pspdrmQj!l wdl,amhlska f;drj ks.ukj,g t<USu wfhda.Hnj nq|=iuh fmkajdfohs .rejrhdf.a jpkhg ieuod ieufoku .rel< hq;h' tams<snZoj lsis|= lsis|= jsjdohla ;snsh fkdyel kuq;a fuys wvqmdvqj jkafka .rejrhdf.a jpkh YsIHhd fld;ruz wjfndaOfhka hq;j ms<smoskjdo hk ldrkhhs' jspdrmQj!l Ndjfha jeo.;alu biau;jkafka fukak fuz ia:dkfhaoShs we;euzjsg wixZ{Sjdo wg m@ydKh lsrSu b.ekajSfuz l@shdj,sfhysoS fjfyi wu;ljSuz jeks fya;ksid .rejrhdg huzhuz w;miqjSuz we;sjsh yelsh' tjsg uekjska ijka fok YsIHhdf.a hq;lujkafka ffu;@Siy.;j yd f.#rjmQrAjlj .rejrhdg tu ia:dk fmkajdoSuhs' uyd j.a.md,sfha j;a;laLJOlfhoS wdpdrAh WmdOHdh yd ioaOsjsydrsl j;aj,oS nq|=r|=ka fuz lreKq uekjska jsia;rlr oS ;sfnz'

tfukau wixZ{Sjdo wg m@ydKh lsrSfuz l@shdj,sfhysoS by; olajd we;s lreKq kjfh(9)ka uki wdjrKhlr.ksuska oDIaGs.;slj(osgzGs kscACOdklaLka;s Cousultations of Preceptor)2 tu wixZ{S jdo wg m@ydKh lsrSfuz jsOsl@uhka ms<snZo ks.ukj,g meusKSu nq|=iuh fhda.Hhehs wkqu; fkdlrhs' oDIaGSka .@KhlsrSu hkq udkisl jsjD;Ndjh rys; ;;ajhls nqoaOs jO!kh msksi th Wmldrj;a fkdfjz' nqoaOs jO!kh is|=jkqfha jsjD;udkis; miq;,hla;,oSh.nq|=kajykafiaf. wixZ{Sjdo wg m@ydKh lsrSfuz jsOsl@uhka Y@jKhlr fndfydafofkl Ou!djfndaOh ,nd ud.!M, mila lr.kq ,enQfha Wkajykafiaf.a wixZ{Sjdo wg m@ydKh lsrSfuz jsOsl@uhka Y@jKh l< wh;< lsis|= wdldrfha oDIagshla we;sjSug lsis|= bvla fkd;nd wixZ{Sjdo wg m@ydKh lsrSfuz l@shdj,sh werUSug fmr Tjqka;, ;snQ oDIaGSkao myj hk wdldrfhkaa ;u wixZ{Sjdo wg m@ydKh lsrSfuz jsOsl@uhka Tjqkag Y@jKh jkakg ie,eiajQ nejsks'

8 fkjixZ{SkdixZ{Sjdo wg –

43 we;euz flfkla wd;auh urKska u;f;ys rEm we;a;la fjz ks;Hfjz ixZ{d we;af;a;a fkdfjz ke;af;a;a fkdfjz hhs .ks;a'

44 we;euz flfkla wd;auh rEm ke;a;ls ks;H jQjls ix{d we;af;a;a ke;af;a;a fkdfjzhhs lsh;a'

45 we;euz flfkla wd;auh rEm ke;a;ls ks;H jQjls ixZ{d we;af;a;a ke;af;a;a fkdfjz hhs lsh;a'

46 we;euz flfkla wd;auh rEm we;af;a;a fkdfjz rEm ke;af;a;a fkdfjz ks;H fjz ixZ{d we;af;a;a ke;af;a;a fkdfjz hhs lsh;a'

47 we;euz flfkla wd;auh wka; we;af;ah ks;Hh ixZ{d we;af;a;a ke;af;a;a fkdfjzhhs lsh;a'

48 we;euz flfklawd;auhg m@udKhla ke; th ks;Hh ixZ{d we;af;a;a ke;af;a;a fkdfjzhhs lsh;a'

1 tu ud iufKda fkda .rE;sud iufKda fkda .rE;sud iufKda fkda .rE;sud iufKda fkda .rE;s 2 tu ud osgzGs kscACOdklaLka;shdud osgzGs kscACOdklaLka;shdud osgzGs kscACOdklaLka;shdud osgzGs kscACOdklaLka;shd

49 we;euz flfkla wd;auh wka; we;a;lao ke;a;lao fjz ks;Hh ixZ{d we;af;a;a ke;af;;a fkdfjz hhs lsh;a '

50 we;euz flfkla wd;auh wka; we;a;lao ke;a;lao fkdfjz ks;Hfjz ixZ{d we;a;la fyda ke;a;la fyda fkdfjz hhs lsh;a'

oijsO jQ pska;kuh wOsldrhka j,ska f;drjQ ps;a; ixl,amhka jO!kh lsrSu ;,ska fkjixZ{Skd ixZ{Sjdo wg m@ydKh lsrSug yelsnj ld,du iQ;@h wkqj meyeos,sfjz'

wkqY@jh (Report)1 uZ.ska ,nd.kakd fkjixZ{SkdixZ{Sjdo wg m@ydKh lsrSfuz jsOsl@uhkams<snZoj oekqu ;yjqre jSug kuz ;ukao th Ndjs;hg f.k jsuidn,d tu oekqu ;ukaf.a njg tkuz ;od;auShlKhlg Ndckhlr.; hq;h' tfia fkdjkakdjQ Y@jK fyj;a weiSuz wkqY@jh ud;@fldg f.k muKla tys ksjerosNdjh ukskq,nkafkkuz th ksjeros fkjixZ{SkdixZ{Sjdo wg m@ydKh lsrSfuz l@shdj,shla fkdjk nj nq|=iuh mjihs

tfukau fkjixZ{SkdixZ{Sjdo wg m@ydKh lsrSfuz l@shdj,sfhaoS mdruzmrslNdjh(mruzmrdh Tradition)2 mokuzlrf.k tu fkjixZ{SkdixZ{Sjdo wg m@ydKh lsrSfuz jsOsl@uhka ksjeroshehs ;SrKhlg t<USu ksjeros fkdfjz' n@dyauKhkaf.a fjzoh iuznJOfhkao Tjqka yqjd olajkafka tu weiSuz mdruzmrsljk nejska tajs ksrjoHjk njhs mrmqfrys meusKsh;a tu wd.usl ixialdr jsOsl@uhka mokuz jS we;af;a i;H milalsrSug jvd ;u;ukaf.a wd.usl wrA:oelajSuz yqjd oelajSug jk nejska tajd ksjeros fkjixZ{SkdixZ{Sjdo wg m@ydKh lsrSfuz jsOsl@uhka fkdfjz'

tfukau fkjixZ{SkdixZ{Sjdo wg m@ydKh lsrSfuz l@shdj,sfhaoS fufia fmrlshd ;sfnzhkak (b;slsrdh Prologue ; Presuppose)3 mokuzlr f.k tu fkjixZ{SkdixZ{Sjdo wg m@ydKh lsrSfuz jsOsl@uhka ksjeroshehs ;SrKhlg t<USu ksjeros fkdfjz' fmrlshd ;snqkqnj hkak fkjixZ{Skd ixZ{Sjdo wg m@ydKh lsrSfuz l@shdj,sh ;, fm#rdKslFjh yd ineZ|=kq fohla jkjd usi tu fkjixZ{SkdixZ{Sjdo wg m@ydKh lsrSfuz jsOsl@uhka ksjerosnj ;yjqrelsrSfuys,d usKquz oKavla lr .ekSu idjoHnj nq|=iuh olajhs'

tfukau fkjixZ{SkdixZ{Sjdo wg m@ydKh lsrSfuz l@shdj,sfhysoS msgl iuzmodh(Given in the Scripture) 4mokuzlrf.k tu fkjixZ{SkdixZ{Sjdo wg m@ydKh lsrSfuz jsOsl@uhka ksjeroshehs ;SrKhlg t<USu ksjeros fkdfjz' f,aLk.;nj hkak wd.usl woyia ixrCIKfhys,d bjy,ajk l@ufjzohla usi tu fkjixZ{SkdixZ{Sjdo wg m@ydKh lsrSfuz jsOsl@uhka ksjerosnj ;yjqre lsrSfuys,d th usKquz oKavla lr.ekSu nq|=iuh wkqu; fkdlrhs'

tfukau fkjixZ{SkdixZ{Sjdo wg m@ydKh lsrSfuz l@shdj,sfhysoS ;rAlkh(Logical Implication)5 mokuzlrf.k tu fkjixZ{SkdixZ{Sjdo wg m@ydKh lsrSfuz jsOsl@uhka ksjeroshehs ;SrKhlg t<USu wfhda.Hh' ;drAlslnj hkak hula ta;a; .ekajSfuz ls@hdj,sfhysoS

1 w' ks' 1";sl ksmd;h"uydj.a.h ld,du iq;a;"nq'c'uq"377-343 msgq' ud ud ud ud wkqiaifjzkwkqiaifjzkwkqiaifjzkwkqiaifjzk 2 tu ud mruzmrdhud mruzmrdhud mruzmrdhud mruzmrdh 3 tu ud b;slsrdhud b;slsrdhud b;slsrdhud b;slsrdh 4 tu ud msgl iuzmodfkakud msgl iuzmodfkakud msgl iuzmodfkakud msgl iuzmodfkak 5 w' ks' 1";sl ksmd;h"uydj.a.h ld,du iq;a;"nq'c'uq"377-343 msgq' ud ;lal fya;`ud ;lal fya;`ud ;lal fya;`ud ;lal fya;

Bg wdOdr WmldrSjk woyia yd fkjixZ{SkdixZ{Sjdo wg m@ydKh lsrSfuz jsOsl@uhka bosrsm;a lsrSfuz jsOsl@uhla jkjd yefrkakg tlS woyia yd fkjixZ{SkdixZ{Sjdo wg m@ydKh lsrSfuz jsOsl@uhka ksjerosnj ;yjqrelsrSfuys,d th usKquz oZvqjla lr.ekSu nq|=iuh wkqu; fkdlrhs'

tfukau fkjixZ{SkdixZ{Sjdo wg m@ydKh lsrSfuz jsOsl@uhka l@shdj,sfhysoS kHdhdkQidrSjSu (Nomalogical)1 mokuz lrf.k tu fkjixZ{SkdixZ{Sjdo wg m@ydKh lsrSfuz jsOsl@uhka ksjeros hehs ;SrKhlg t<USu wfhda.Hh kHdkQidrSjSu hkak hula fuz whqrska fkjixZ{SkdixZ{Sjdo wg m@ydKh lsrSu l< hq;hehs ks.ukhla ,ndoS ;snqKq l@shdoduhlgu wkq.;j tu fkjixZ{Skd ixZ{Sjdo wg m@ydKh lsrSu is|=lrkjd yefrkakg jspdrmQrAjl jSfuys lsis|= bvlvla ta ;,ska fkdiemfha' tfukau taksid th mdol fldgf.k tlS fkjixZ{SkdixZ{Sjdo wg m@ydKh lsrSfuz jsOsl@uhkays ksjerosnj ;yjqre lsrSfuys,d th tlu usKquz oKavla lr.ekSu nq|=iuh wkqu; fkdlrhs'

tfukau fkjixZ{SkdixZ{Sjdo wg m@ydKh lsrSfuz l@shdj,sfhaoS huz fohla jkafka fuz whqrska hehs(wdldr mrsjs;rAlh Diversification of Thought)2 ;ukaf.a mQj!ixl,amkhka mdol fldgf.k tu fkjixZ{SkdixZ{Sjdo wg m@ydKh lsrSfuz jsOsl@uhka ms<snZoj ksjeros ;SrKhlg t<USu wfhda.Hnj nq|=iuh fmkajdfohs' idys;HOrhka l,dlrejka ;u ksu!dK jia;nSc iZoyd fnfyjska fuu mQj!ixl,amkd Ndjs;dlr;s' tksid mQj!ixl,amhkhka lsishuz ksu!dKd;aul lghq;a;lg yerekqfldg fkjixZ{SkdixZ{Sjdo wg m@ydKh lsrSfuz jsOsl@uhka jeks jsoHd;aul js.@yhkag t<Ushhq; wjia:dj,oS Ndjs;dlsrSu wfhda.Hh'

tfukau fkjixZ{SkdixZ{Sjdo wg m@ydKh lsrSfuz l@shdj,sfhysoS jsh yelsnj fyj;a iuzNdjs;d j(NjH;dj Potentity)3 mdollrf.k tu fkjixZ{SkdixZ{Sjdo wg m@ydKh lsrSfuz jsOsl@uhka ms<snZoj ksjeros ;SrKhlg t<USu wfhda.Hnj nq|=iuh fmkajdfohs' iuzNdjs;dj jkdyS lsishuz wkqudkhls tlS wkqudkhg mdollr.kafka tu lreKg iudk fjk;a mQj!w;aoelSuzh jsh yelsnj fyda fkdjshyels nj ;SrKh flfrkafka wjsksYaps; ;;ajhla mokuzlrf.k ksid fuz uZ.ska h:drA:jdoS wjfndaOhlalrd .ukal< fkdyelsnj nq|=iuh mjihs' ksYaps;jQ fkjixZ{SkdixZ{Sjdo wg m@ydKh lsrSfuz jsOsl@uhka;, wjsksYaps; iajNdjhla ;snsh fkdyelsnejska nq|=iuh fuu ;;ajh h:drA:jdoS fkjixZ{SkdixZ{Sjdo wg m@ydKh lsrSfuz jsOsl@uhkag ndOdldrSjkakla f,i fmkajdoS we;'

tfukau fkjixZ{SkdixZ{Sjdo wg m@ydKh lsrSfuz l@shdj,sfhysoS lshkq,nkakd fyj;a .rejrhdf.a jpkh u;u t<US (iufKd fkd .re Cousultations of Preceptor)4 lsis|= pspdrmQj!l wdl,amhlska f;drj ks.ukj,g t<USu wfhda.Hnj nq|=iuh fmkajdfohs .rejrhdf.a jpkhg ieuod ieufoku .rel< hq;h' tams<snZoj lsis|= lsis|= jsjdohla ;snsh fkdyel' kuq;a fuys wvqmdvqj jkafka .rejrhdf.a jpkh YsIHhd fld;ruz wjfndaOfhka hq;`j ms<smoskjdo hk ldrkhhs' jspdrmQj!lNdjfha jeo.;alu biau;jkafka fukak fuz ia:dkfhaoShs'we;euzjsg fkjixZ{S kdixZ{Sjdo wg m@ydKh lsrSu b.ekajSfuz l@shdj,sfhysoS fjfyi wu;ljSuz jeks fya;ksid .rejrhdg huzhuz w;miqjSuz we;sjsh yelsh' tjsg uekjska ijka fok YsIHhdf.a hq;lujkafka ffu;@Siy.;j yd f.#rjmQrAjlj .rejrhdg tu ia:dk fmkajdoSuhs' uyd j.a.md,sfha j;a;laLJOlfhoS wdpdrAh WmdOHdh yd ioaOsjsydrsl j;aj,oS nq|=r|=ka fuz lreKq uekjska jsia;rlr oS ;sfnz'

1 tu ud kh fya;`ud kh fya;`ud kh fya;`ud kh fya;` 2 tu ud wdldr mrsjs;laflakud wdldr mrsjs;laflakud wdldr mrsjs;laflakud wdldr mrsjs;laflak 3 tu ud NnznrEm;dhud NnznrEm;dhud NnznrEm;dhud NnznrEm;dh 4 w' ks' 1";sl ksmd;h"uydj.a.h ld,du iq;a;"nq'c'uq"377-343 msgq' ud iufKda fkda .rE;sud iufKda fkda .rE;sud iufKda fkda .rE;sud iufKda fkda .rE;s

tfukau fkjixZ{SkdixZ{Sjdo wg m@ydKh lsrSfuz l@shdj,sfhysoS by; olajd we;s lreKq kjfh(9)ka uki wdjrKhlr.ksuska oDIaGs.;sl j(osgzGs kscACOdklaLka;s Cousultations of Preceptor)1 tu fkjixZ{SkdixZ{Sjdo wg m@ydKh lsrSfuz jsOsl@uhka ms<snZo ks.ukj,g meusKSu nq|=iuh fhda.Hhehs wkqu; fkdlrhs' oDIaGSka .@KhlsrSu hkq udkisl jsjD;Ndjh rys; ;;ajhls' nqoaOs jO!kh msksi th Wmldrj;a fkdfjz' nqoaOs jO!kh is|=jkqfha jsjD;udkis; miq;,hla;,oSh' nq|=kajykafiaf.a fkjixZ{SkdixZ{Sjdo wg m@ydKh lsrSfuz jsOsl@uhka Y@jKhlr fndfydafofkl Ou!djfndaOh ,nd ud.!M, mila lr.kq ,enQfha Wkajykafiaf.a fkjixZ{SkdixZ{Sjdo wg m@ydKh lsrSfuz jsOsl@uhka Y@jKh l< wh;< lsis|= wdldrfha oDIagshla we;sjSug lsis|= bvla fkd;nd fkjixZ{SkdixZ{Sjdo wg m@ydKh lsrSfuz l@shdj,sh werUSug fmr Tjqka;, ;snQ oDIaGSkao myj hk wdldrfhkaa ;u fkjixZ{SkdixZ{Sjdo wg m@ydKh lsrSfuz jsOsl@uhka Tjqkag Y@jKh jkakg ie,eiajQ nejsks'

9 WpzfPAojdo i; - fuh WpzfPAo oDIagsh m@Njfldg we; WpzfPAo oDIagsh hkq |@jHh fyj;a rEmh m@Odk fldg .kakd fN#;sl jdohls' f,dalh yd iFjfhda uyN~; i;rska bfnz iE|=fkdah' th ujk fojsfhla n@yaufhla ke; fkdfhla |@jHhka tlafldg osh usY@fldg ;enSfuka u;a.;sh Wmojk mdkhla we;sfjkakdfia uydN~; Yla;sfhkau pska;k Yla;sh(=jsZ{dkh) we;sfjz urKska u;af;ys iFjhdf.a kej; bmoSula ke;' tfia nmoSula we;ehs Tmamql< fkdyel' th m@;HCI ldrKhla fkdfjz' tnejska fuf,djoSu ldnS m@S;su;a jshhq;h' f,#lsl m@S;sh (mialuz iem;) w;ayer oud ;mia rlskafkda fudavfhda hhs fuz oDIags .;af;da lsh;a' fuz oDIagsh ksmojQ ld,h fyda mqoa.,hdf.a kduh kshu jYfhka fkdolakd kuq;a ‘pdrAjdl’kue;a;d fuys wdos l;!Djrhdfia i<l;a' th mqoa.,fhl f.a kula fkdjsh yels hhso we;euz flfkla lsh;a' f,daldh;jdoh hhs lshkq ,nkafka;a fuhuh th woykafkda ‘f,daldh;slfhda’h'

51 we;euz flfkla fuz wd;auh fuz Njfhka miq jskdYjkafkah urKska u;af;ys fkdmj;skafkahhs woy;a'

52 we;uz flfkla fuz wd;auh usksia f,dj urKska wjika fkdjS ldudjpr foaj f,dalhkays bmso jskdY jkafkahhs i,l;a'

53 we;euz flfkla fuz wd;auh usksia f,da fojzf,da folays o rEmdjpr n@yau f,dlj,o bmso jskdY jkafka hhs i,l;a'

54 we;euz flfkla th ldu f,dl rEm f,dalhkayso wdldikZ[apdh;k N~usfhyso bmso ksreoaO jkafka hhs i,l;a'

55 we;euz flfkla th tlS N~usj, o jsZ[aZ[dKZ[apdh;k N~usfhys o bmso ksreoaO jkafka hhs i,l;a'

56 we;euz flfkla th tlS N~usmfiys o wdlsZ[apZ[aZ[dh;k N~usfhys o bmso ksreoaO jkafka hhs i,l;a'

57 we;euz flfkla th tlS N~usj,o fkjiZ[aZ[dkdiZ[aZ[dh;k N~usfhys o bmso ksreoaO jkafka hhs i,l;a'

oijsO jQ pska;kuh wOsldrhka j,ska f;drjQ ps;a; ixl,amhka jO!kh lsrSu ;,ska WpzfPAojdo i; m@ydKh lsrSug yelsnj ld,du iQ;@h wkqj meyeos,sfjz'

1 tu ud osgzGs kscACOdklaLka;shdud osgzGs kscACOdklaLka;shdud osgzGs kscACOdklaLka;shdud osgzGs kscACOdklaLka;shd

wkqY@jh (Report)1 uZ.ska ,nd.kakd WpzfPAojdo i; m@ydKh lsrSfuz jsOsl@uhka ms<snZo

oekqu ;yjqre jSug kuz ;ukao th Ndjs;hg f.k jsuidn,d tu oekqu ;ukaf.a njg tkuz ;od;auShlKhlg Ndckhlr.; hq;h' tfia fkdjkakdjQ WpzfPAojdo i; m@ydKh lsrSfuz jsOsl@uhka fyj;a weiSuz wkqY@jh ud;@fldgf.k muKla tys ksjerosNdjh ukskq,nkafkkuz th ksjeros WpzfPAojdo i; m@ydKh lsrSfuz jsOsl@uhka l@shdj,shla fkdjk nj nq|=iuh mjihs'

tfukau WpzfPAojdo i; m@ydKh lsrSfuz l@shdj,sfhaoS mdruzmrslNdjh(mruzmrdh Tradition)2 mokuzlrf.k tu WpzfPAojdo i; m@ydKh lsrSfuz jsOsl@uhka ksjeroshehs ;SrKhlg t<USu ksjeros fkdfjz' n@dyauKhkaf.a fjzoh iuznJOfhkao Tjqka yqjd olajkafka tu weiSuz mdruzmrsljk nejska tajs ksrjoHjk njhs' mrmqfrys meusKsh;a tu wd.usl ixialdr jsOsl@uhka mokuz jS we;af;a i;H milalsrSug jvd ;u;ukaf.a wd.usl wrA:oelajSuz yqjd oelajSug jk nejska tajd ksjeros WpzfPAojdo i; m@ydKh lsrSfuz jsOsl@uhka fkdfjz'

tfukau WpzfPAojdo i; m@ydKh lsrSfuz l@shdj,sfhaoS fufia fmrlshd ;sfnzhkak(b;slsrdh Prologue ; Presuppose)3 mokuzlr f.k tu WpzfPAojdo i; m@ydKh lsrSfuz jsOsl@uhka

ksjeroshehs ;SrKhlg t<USu ksjeros fkdfjz' fmrlshd ;snqkqnj hkak WpzfPAojdo i; m@ydKh lsrSfuz l@shdj,sh ;, fm#rdKslFjh yd ineZ|=kq fohla jkjd usi tu WpzfPAojdo i; m@ydKh lsrSfuz jsOsl@uhka ksjerosnj ;yjqrelsrSfuys,d usKquz oKavla lr .ekSu idjoHnj nq|=iuh olajhs'

tfukau WpzfPAojdoi; m@ydKh lsrSfuz l@shdj,sfhysoS msgl iuzmodh(Given in the Scripture)4 mokuzlrf.k tu WpzfPAojdo i; m@ydKh lsrSfuz jsOsl@uhka ksjeroshehs ;SrKhlg t<USu ksjeros fkdfjz' f,aLk.;nj hkak wd.usl woyia ixrCIKfhys,d bjy,ajk l@ufjzohla usi tu WpzfPAojdo i; m@ydKh lsrSfuz jsOsl@uhka ksjerosnj ;yjqrelsrSfuys,d th usKquz oKavla lr.ekSu nq|=iuh wkqu; fkdlrhs'

tfukau WpzfPAojdo i; m@ydKh lsrSfuz l@shdj,sfhysoS ;rAlkh(Logical Implication)5 mokuzlrf.k tu WpzfPAojdo i; m@ydKh lsrSfuz jsOsl@uhka ksjeroshehs ;SrKhlg t<USu wfhda.Hh' ;drAlslnj hkak hula ta;a; .ekajSfuz ls@hdj,sfhysoS Bg wdOdr WmldrSjk woyia yd WpzfPAojdo i; m@ydKh lsrSfuz jsOsl@uhka bosrsm;a lsrSfuz jsOsl@uhla jkjd yefrkakg tlS woyia yd WpzfPAojdo i; m@ydKh lsrSfuz jsOsl@uhka ksjerosnj ;yjqrelsrSfuys,d th usKquz oZvqjla lr.ekSu nq|=iuh wkqu; fkdlrhs'

tfukau WpzfPAojdo i; m@ydKh lsrSfuz l@shdj,sfhysoS kHdhdkQidrSjSu(Nomalogical)6 mokuz lrf.k tu WpzfPAojdo i; m@ydKh lsrSfuz jsOsl@uhka ksjeros hehs ;SrKhlg t<USu wfhda.Hh' kHdkQidrSjSu hkak hula fuz whqrska WpzfPAojdo i; m@ydKh lsrSu l< hq;hehs ks.ukhla ,ndoS ;snqKq l@shdoduhlgu wkq.;j tu WpzfPAojdo i; m@ydKh lsrSu is|=lrkjd yefrkakg jspdrmQrAjl jSfuys lsis|= bvlvla ta ;,ska fkdiemfha' tfukau taksid th mdol

1 w' ks' 1";sl ksmd;h"uydj.a.h ld,du iq;a;"nq'c'uq"377-343 msgq' ud wkqiaifjzkud wkqiaifjzkud wkqiaifjzkud wkqiaifjzk 2 tu ud mruzmrdhud mruzmrdhud mruzmrdhud mruzmrdh 3 tu ud b;slsrdhud b;slsrdhud b;slsrdhud b;slsrdh 4 w' ks' 1";sl ksmd;h"uydj.a.h ld,du iq;a;"nq'c'uq"377-343 msgq' ud msgl iuzmodfkakud msgl iuzmodfkakud msgl iuzmodfkakud msgl iuzmodfkak 5 tu ud ;lal fya;`ud ;lal fya;`ud ;lal fya;`ud ;lal fya;` 6 tu ud kh fya;`ud kh fya;`ud kh fya;`ud kh fya;`

fldgf.k tlS WpzfPAojdo i; m@ydKh lsrSfuz jsOsl@uhkays ksjerosnj ;yjqre lsrSfuys,d th tlu usKquz oKavla lr.ekSu nq|=iuh wkqu; fkdlrhs'

tfukau WpzfPAojdo i; m@ydKh lsrSfuz l@shdj,sfhaoS huz fohla jkafka fuz whqrska hehs(wdldr mrsjs;rAlh Diversification of Thought)1 ;ukaf.a mQj!ixl,amkhka mdol fldgf.k tu WpzfPAojdo i; m@ydKh lsrSfuz jsOsl@uhka ms<snZoj ksjeros ;SrKhlg t<USu wfhda.Hnj nq|=iuh fmkajdfohs' idys;HOrhka l,dlrejka ;u ksu!dK jia;nSc iZoyd fnfyjska fuu mQj!ixl,amkd Ndjs;dlr;s tksid mQj!ixl,amhkhka lsishuz ksu!dKd;aul lghq;a;lg yerekqfldg WpzfPAojdo i; m@ydKh lsrSfuz jsOsl@uhka jsoHd;aul js.@yhkag t<Ushhq; wjia:dj,oS Ndjs;dlsrSu wfhda.Hh'

tfukau WpzfPAojdo i; m@ydKh lsrSfuz l@shdj,sfhysoS jsh yelsnj fyj;a iuzNdjs;dj (NjH;dj Potentity)2 mdollrf.k tu WpzfPAojdo i; m@ydKh lsrSfuz jsOsl@uhka ms<snZoj ksjeros ;SrKhlg t<USu wfhda.Hnj nq|=iuh fmkajdfohs' iuzNdjs;dj jkdyS lsishuz wkqudkhls tlS wkqudkhg mdollr.kafka tu lreKg iudk fjk;a mQj!w;aoelSuzh jsh yelsnj fyda fkdjshyels nj ;SrKh flfrkafka wjsksYaps; ;;ajhla mokuzlrf.k ksid fuz uZ.ska h:drA:jdoS wjfndaOhla lrd .ukal< fkdyelsnj nq|=iuh mjihs' ksYaps;jQ WpzfPAojdo i; m@ydKh lsrSfuz jsOsl@uhka

;, wjsksYaps; iajNdjhla ;snsh fkdyelsnejska nq|=iuh fuu ;;ajh h:drA:jdoS WpzfPAojdo i; m@ydKh lsrSfuz jsOsl@uhkag ndOdldrSjkakla f,i fmkajdoS we;'

tfukau WpzfPAojdo i; m@ydKh lsrSfuz l@shdj,sfhysoS lshkq,nkakd fyj;a .rejrhdf.a jpkh u;u t<US (iufKd fkd .re Cousultations of Preceptor)3 lsis|= pspdrmQj!l wdl,amhlska f;drj ks.ukj,g t<USu wfhda.Hnj nq|=iuh fmkajdfohs'.rejrhdf.a jpkhg ieuod ieufoku .rel< hq;h' tams<snZoj lsis|= lsis|= jsjdohla ;snsh fkdyel' kuq;a fuys wvqmdvqj jkafka .rejrhdf.a jpkh YsIHhd fld;ruz wjfndaOfhka hq;j ms<smoskjdo hk ldrkhhs' jspdrmQj!lNdjfha jeo.;alu biau;jkafka fukak fuz ia:dkfhaoShs' we;euzjsg WpzfPAojdo i; m@ydKh lsrSu b.ekajSfuz l@shdj,sfhysoS wod< jsIh m@jSKFjfhys jsYdroNdjh jsfYaIZ{;djh ukdj we;;a jshm;anj fjfyi wu;ljSuz jeks fya;ksid .rejrhdg huzhuz w;miqjSuz we;sjsh yelsh' tjsg uekjska ijka fok YsIHhdf.a hq;lujkafka ffu;@Siy.;j yd f.#rjmQrAjlj .rejrhdg tu ia:dk fmkajdoSuhs uyd j.a.md,sfha j;a;laLJOlfhoS wdpdrAh WmdOHdh yd ioaOsjsydrsl j;aj,oS nq|=r|=ka fuz lreKq uekjska jsia;rlr oS ;sfnz'

tfukau WpzfPAojdo i; m@ydKh lsrSfuz l@shdj,sfhysoS by; olajd we;s lreKq kjfh(9)ka uki wdjrKhlr.ksuska oDIaGs.;slj(osgzGs kscACOdklaLka;s Cousultations of Preceptor)4 tu WpzfPAojdo i; m@ydKh lsrSfuz jsOsl@uhka ms<snZo ks.ukj,g meusKSu nq|=iuh fhda.Hhehs wkqu; fkdlrhs' oDIaGSka .@KhlsrSu hkq udkisl jsjD;Ndjh rys; ;;ajhls nqoaOs jO!kh msksi th Wmldrj;a fkdfjz' nqoaOs jO!kh is|=jkqfha jsjD;udkis; miq;,hla;,oSh' nq|=kajykafiaf.a WpzfPAojdo i; m@ydKh lsrSfuz jsOsl@uhka Y@jKhlr fndfydafofkl Ou!djfndaOh ,nd ud.!M, mila lr.kq ,enQfha Wkajykafiaf.a WpzfPAojdo i; m@ydKh lsrSfuz jsOsl@uhka Y@jKh l< wh;< lsis|= wdldrfha oDIagshla we;sjSug lsis|= bvla fkd;nd WpzfPAojdo i; m@ydKh lsrSfuz l@shdj,sh werUSug fmr Tjqka;, ;snQ oDIaGSkao myj hk

1 tu ud wdldr mrsjs;laflakud wdldr mrsjs;laflakud wdldr mrsjs;laflakud wdldr mrsjs;laflak 2 tu ud NnznrEm;dhud NnznrEm;dhud NnznrEm;dhud NnznrEm;dh 3 w' ks' 1";sl ksmd;h"uydj.a.h ld,du iq;a;"nq'c'uq"377-343 msgq' ud iufKda fkda .rE;sud iufKda fkda .rE;sud iufKda fkda .rE;sud iufKda fkda .rE;s 4 tu ud osgzGs ud osgzGs ud osgzGs ud osgzGs kscACOdklaLka;shdkscACOdklaLka;shdkscACOdklaLka;shdkscACOdklaLka;shd

wdldrfhkaa ;u WpzfPAojdo i; m@ydKh lsrSfuz jsOsl@uhka Tjqkag Y@jKh jkakg ie,eiajQ nejsks'

10 oDIagOu! ksj!dKjdo mi –

58 we;euz flfkla fuz wd;auh usksia f,dfjysoS mialuz iemfhka wdVHjSfuka fuf,djoSu ksjKg meusfKa hhs woy;a'

59 we;euz flfkla jsfjzlfhka yg.;a m!S;s iem we;s m@:u OHdkh ,enSfuka fuz wd;auh fuf,dj oSu ksjKg meusfKa hhs i,l;a'

60 we;euz flfkla iudOsfhka yg.;a m@S;s iem we;s oajs;Sh OHdkh ,enSfuka wd;auh fuf,djoSu ksjKg meusfKa hehs i,l;a'

61 we;euz flfkla uOHia: fjzokdfjka hq;a iem jsyrK we;s f;fjks OHdkh ,enSfuka wd;auh fuf,djoSu ksjKg meusfKa hhs i,l;a'

62 we;euz flfkla fiduzkia foduzkia ke;s iem|=la ke;s WfmaCId fjokdfjka hq;a isjqfjks OHdkh ,enSfuka fuz wd;auh fuf,djoSu ksjKg meusfKa hhs i,l;a'

oijsO jQ pska;kuh wOsldrhka j,ska f;drjQ ps;a; ixl,amhka jO!kh lsrSu ;,ska oDIagOu! ksj!dKjdo mi m@ydKh lsrSug yelsnj ld,du iQ;@h wkqj meyeos,sfjz'

wkqY@jh (Report)1 uZ.ska ,nd.kakd oDIagOu! ksj!dKjdo mi m@ydKh lsrSfuz jsOsl@uhka ms<snZo oekqu ;yjqre jSug kuz ;ukao th Ndjs;hg f.k jsuidn,d tu oekqu ;ukaf.a njg tkuz ;od;auShlKhlg Ndckhlr.; hq;h'tfia fkdjkakdjQ oDIagOu! ksj!dKjdo mi m@ydKh lsrSfuz jsOsl@uhka fyj;a weiSuz wkqY@jh ud;@fldgf.k muKla tys ksjerosNdjh ukskq,nkafkkuz th ksjeros oDIagOu! ksj!dKjdo mi m@ydKh lsrSfuz l@shdj,shla fkdjk nj nq|=iuh mjihs'

tfukau oDIagOu! ksj!dKjdo mi m@ydKh lsrSfuz l@shdj,sfhaoS mdruzmrslNdjh(mruzmrdh Tradition)2 mokuzlrf.k tu oDIagOu! ksj!dKjdo mi m@ydKh lsrSfuz jsOsl@uhka ksjeroshehs ;SrKhlg t<USu ksjeros fkdfjz' n@dyauKhkaf.a fjzoh iuznJOfhkao Tjqka yqjd olajkafka tu weiSuz mdruzmrsljk nejska tajd ksrjoHjk njhs' mrmqfrys meusKsh;a tu Y@jKhka mokuz jS we;af;a i;H milalsrSug jvd ;u;ukaf.a wd.usl wrA:oelajSuz yqjd oelajSug jk nejska tajd ksjeros oDIagOu! ksj!dKjdo mi m@ydKh lsrSfuz jsOsl@uhka fkdfjz'

tfukau oDIagOu! ksj!dKjdo mi m@ydKh lsrSfuz l@shdj,sfhaoS fufia fmrlshd ;sfnzhkak (b;slsrdh Prologue ; Presuppose)3 mokuzlr f.k tu oDIagOu! ksj!dKjdo mi m@ydKh lsrSfuz jsOsl@uhka ksjeroshehs ;SrKhlg t<USu ksjeros fkdfjz' fmrlshd ;snqkqnj hkak oDIagOu! ksj!dKjdo mi m@ydKh lsrSfuz l@shdj,sh ;, fm#rdKslFjh yd ineZ|=kq fohla jkjd usi tu oDIagOu! ksj!dKjdo mi m@ydKh lsrSfuz jsOsl@uhka ksjerosnj ;yjqrelsrSfuys,d usKquz oKavla lr .ekSu idjoHnj nq|=iuh olajhs'

1 w' ks' 1";sl ksmd;h"uydj.a.h ld,du iq;a;"nq'c'uq"377-343 msgq' ud wkqiaifjzkud wkqiaifjzkud wkqiaifjzkud wkqiaifjzk 2 tu ud mruzmrdhud mruzmrdhud mruzmrdhud mruzmrdh 3 tu ud b;slsrdhud b;slsrdhud b;slsrdhud b;slsrdh

tfukau oDIagOu! ksj!dKjdo mi m@ydKh lsrSfuz l@shdj,sfhysoS msgliuzmodh(Given in the Scripture)1 mokuzlrf.k tu oDIagOu! ksj!dKjdo mi m@ydKh lsrSfuz jsOsl@uhka ksjeroshehs ;SrKhlg t<USu ksjeros fkdfjz' f,aLk.;nj hkak wd.usl woyia ixrCIKfhys,d bjy,ajk l@ufjzohla usi tu oDIagOu! ksj!dKjdo mi m@ydKh lsrSfuz jsOsl@uhka ksjerosnj ;yjqre lsrSfuys,d th usKquz oKavla lr.ekSu nq|=iuh wkqu; fkdlrhs'

tfukau oDIagOu! ksj!dKjdo mi m@ydKh lsrSfuz l@shdj,sfhysoS ;rAlkh(Logical Implication)2 mokuzlrf.k tu oDIagOu! ksj!dKjdo mi m@ydKh lsrSfuz jsOsl@uhka ksjeroshehs ;SrKhlg t<USu wfhda.Hh' ;drAlslnj hkak hula ta;a; .ekajSfuz ls@hdj,sfhysoS Bg wdOdr WmldrSjk woyia yd oDIagOu! ksj!dKjdo mi m@ydKh lsrSfuz jsOsl@uhka bosrsm;a lsrSfuz jsOsl@uhla jkjd yefrkakg tlS woyia yd oDIagOu! ksj!dKjdo mi m@ydKh lsrSfuz jsOsl@uhka ksjerosnj ;yjqrelsrSfuys,d th usKquz oZvqjla lr.ekSu nq|=iuh wkqu; fkdlrhs'

tfukau oDIagOu! ksj!dKjdo mi m@ydKh lsrSfuz l@shdj,sfhysoS kHdhdkQidrSjSu(Nomalogical)3 mokuz lrf.k tu wikq,nk foh ksjeros hehs ;SrKhlg t<USu wfhda.Hh kHdkQidrSjSu hkak hula fuz whqrska oDIagOu! ksj!dKjdo mi m@ydKh lsrSu l< hq;hehs ks.ukhla ,ndoS ;snqKq l@shdoduhlgu wkq.;j tu oDIagOu! ksj!dKjdo mi m@ydKh lsrSu is|=lrkjd yefrkakg jspdrmQrAjl jSfuys lsis|= bvlvla ta ;,ska fkdiemfha' tfukau taksid th mdol fldgf.k tlS oDIagOu! ksj!dKjdo mi m@ydKh lsrSfuz jsOsl@uhkays ksjerosnj ;yjqre lsrSfuys,d th tlu usKquz oKavla lr.ekSu nq|=iuh wkqu; fkdlrhs'

tfukau oDIagOu! ksj!dKjdo mi m@ydKh lsrSfuz l@shdj,sfhaoS huz fohla jkafka fuz whqrska hehs(wdldr mrsjs;rAlh Diversification of Thought)4 ;ukaf.a mQj!ixl,amkhka mdol fldgf.k tu oDIagOu! ksj!dKjdo mi m@ydKh lsrSfuz jsOsl@uhka ms<snZoj ksjeros ;SrKhlg t<USu wfhda.H nj nq|=iuh fmkajdfohs' idys;HOrhka l,dlrejka ;u ksu!dK jia;nSc iZoyd fnfyjska fuu mQj!ixl,amkd Ndjs;dlr;s tksid mQj!ixl,amhkhka lsishuz ksu!dKd;aul lghq;a;lg yerekqfldg oDIagOu! ksj!dKjdo mi m@ydKh lsrSfuz jsOsl@uhka jeks jsoHd;aul js.@yhkag t<Ushhq; wjia:dj,oS Ndjs;dlsrSu wfhda.Hh'

tfukau oDIagOu! ksj!dKjdo mi m@ydKh lsrSfuz l@shdj,sfhysoS jsh yelsnj fyj;a iuzNdjs;d j(NjH;dj Potentity)5 mdollrf.k tu oDIagOu! ksj!dKjdo mi m@ydKh lsrSfuz jsOsl@uhka ms<snZoj ksjeros ;SrKhlg t<USu wfhda.Hnj nq|=iuh fmkajdfohs' iuzNdjs;dj jkdyS lsishuz wkqudkhls tlS wkqudkhg mdollr.kafka tu lreKg iudk fjk;a mQj!w;aoelSuzh jsh ye;snj fyda fkdjshyels nj ;SrKh flfrkafka wjsksYaps; ;;ajhla mokuzlrf.k ksid fuz uZ.ska h:drA:jdoS wjfndaOhlalrd .ukal< fkdyelsnj nq|=iuh mjihs' ksYaps;jQ oDIagOu! ksj!dKjdo mi m@ydKh lsrSfuz jsOsl@uhka;, wjsksYaps; iajNdjhla ;snsh fkdyelsnejska nq|=iuh fuu ;;ajh h:drA:jdoS oDIagOu! ksj!dKjdo mi m@ydKh lsrSfuz jsOsl@uhkag ndOdldrSjkakla f,i fmkajdoS we;'

1 tu ud msgl iuzmodfkakud msgl iuzmodfkakud msgl iuzmodfkakud msgl iuzmodfkak 2 tu ud ;lal fya;`ud ;lal fya;`ud ;lal fya;`ud ;lal fya;` 3 w' ks' 1";sl ksmd;h"uydj.a.h ld,du iq;a;"nq'c'uq"377-343 msgq' ud kh fya;`ud kh fya;`ud kh fya;`ud kh fya;` 4 tu ud wdldr mrsjs;laflakud wdldr mrsjs;laflakud wdldr mrsjs;laflakud wdldr mrsjs;laflak 5 tu ud NnznrEm;dhud NnznrEm;dhud NnznrEm;dhud NnznrEm;dh

tfukau oDIagOu! ksj!dKjdo mi m@ydKh lsrSfuz l@shdj,sfhysoS lshkq,nkakd fyj;a .rejrhdf.a jpkh u;u t<US (iufKd fkd .re Cousultations of Preceptor)1 lsis|= pspdrmQj!l wdl,amhlska f;drj ks.ukj,g t<USu wfhda.Hnj nq|=iuh fmkajdfohs' .rejrhdf.a jpkhg ieuod ieufoku .rel< hq;h' tams<snZoj lsis|= lsis|= jsjdohla ;snsh fkdyel kuq;a fuys wvqmdvqj jkafka .rejrhdf.a jpkh YsIHhd fld;ruz wjfndaOfhka hq;j ms<smoskjdo hk ldrkhhs' jspdrmQj!lNdjfha jeo.;alu biau;jkafka fukak fuz ia:dkfhaoShs' we;euzjsg oDIagOu! ksj!dKjdo mi m@ydKh lsrSu b.ekajSfuz l@shdj,sfhysoS fjfyi wu;ljSuz jeks fya;ksid .rejrhdg huzhuz w;miqjSuz we;sjsh yelsh' tjsg uekjska ijka fok YsIHhdf.a hq;lujkafka ffu;@Siy.;j yd f.#rjmQrAjlj .rejrhdg tu ia:dk fmkajdoSuhs' uyd j.a.md,sfha j;a;laLJOlfhoS wdpdrAh WmdOHdh yd ioaOsjsydrsl j;aj,oS nq|=r|=ka fuz lreKq uekjska jsia;rlr oS ;sfnz'

tfukau oDIagOu! ksj!dKjdo mi m@ydKh lsrSfuz l@shdj,sfhysoS by; olajd we;s lreKq kjfh(9)ka uki wdjrKhlr.ksuska oDIaGs.;slj(osgzGs kscACOdklaLka;s Cousultations of Preceptor)2 tu wikq,nk foa ms<snZo ks.ukj,g meusKSu nq|=iuh fhda.Hhehs wkqu; fkdlrhs' oDIaGSka .@KhlsrSu hkq udkisl jsjD;Ndjh rys; ;;ajhls' nqoaOs jO!kh msksi th Wmldrj;a fkdfjz' nqoaOs jO!kh is|=jkqfha jsjD;udkis; miq;,hla;,oSh nq|=kajykafiaf.a oDIagOu! ksj!dKjdo mi m@ydKh lsrSfuz jsOsl@uhka Y@jKhlr fndfydafofkl Ou!djfndaOh ,nd ud.!M, mila lr.kq ,enQfha Wkajykafiaf.a oDIagOu! ksj!dKjdo mi m@ydKh lsrSfuz jsOsl@uhka Y@jKh l< wh;< lsis|= wdldrfha oDIagshla we;sjSug lsis|= bvla fkd;nd oDIagOu! ksj!dKjdo mi m@ydKh lsrSfuz l@shdj,sh werUSug fmr Tjqka;, ;snQ oDIaGSkao myj hk wdldrfhkaa ;u oDIagOu! ksj!dKjdo mi m@ydKh lsrSfuz jsOsl@uhka Tjqkag Y@jKh jkakg ie,eiajQ nejsks'

fuzjdg ‘foieg oDIagsh’hhs wm jHjydr lrk kuq;a iQ;@fhys fuzjd ‘jdo’kdufhka yZ|=kajk ,oy fuz yeg folu ‘Ydiaj;jdo’’WpzfPaojdo’hk oDIags foflys we;<;a fj;s fuhska w. oelajQ oDIags fod<i WpzfPao oDIagsfhyso b;srs ish,a, Ydiaj; oDIagsfhyso jefg;a Ydiaj; 4,tl;HYdiaj; 4,wka;dka;sl 4, wurd jsfCIamsl 4, wOs;Hiuq;amkak 2,hk fuz oywg mQj! Njhka wdY@hfldg mj;akd nejska mQj!dka; l,amsl kuz fjhss' b;srs y;<sia y;r wkd.; Njhka wfmaCIdfldg mj;akd nejska wmrdka; l,amsl kuz fjhs'

fufia kd kd kfhka kdu rEm ms<snZo m@;Hh oelafuka ;kal,ays iel |=relr isgskd kqjK lxLdjs;rK jsiqoaOsh hhs o;hq;h' OuzugzGs; Z[dK h:dN~; Z[dK iuH.a orAYk hkqo fuz lxLdjs;rK jsYoaOshhs' nqoaO Ydikfhka msysg ,oafoa fuz kqjK,;a ;eke;a;d hhs lsh hq;hs pq,a, fid;dmkak hkq|= fuz ;eke;a;duh'

5 u.a.du.a. Z[dK oiaik jsiqoaOsh

lxLdjs;rK jsiqoaOs ,;a mqoa.,hd jsiska u.a.du.a.Z[dK oiaik jsiqoaOshg meusKsh hq;h thg meusKshyq jsiska lxLdjs;rK jsiqoaOsfhysoS msrsisZo.kakd ,o w;S;doS fNao Nskak ff;@N~usl ixialdrhkays ialJOdoS l@ufhka l,dm jYfhka yl<d CIhdrA:fhka wks;Hh' NhdrA:fhka |=laL%h' widrdrA:fhka wkd;auh hhs woOdk jYfhka ika;;s jYfhka CIK jYfhka ;@s,CIK iuzuY!kh l<hq;hs' ta ff;@N~usl ixialdrhkaysu m@;H jYfhka CIK jYfhka WohjHh ne,sh hq;hs' tfia iuzuY!kh lr;a' tfia n,;a ta jsorAYlhdyg TzNdidos oY jsorAYfkdamlaf,aY my<

1 tu ud iufKda fkda .rE;sud iufKda fkda .rE;sud iufKda fkda .rE;sud iufKda fkda .rE;s 2 w' ks' 1";sl ksmd;h"uydj.a.h ld,du iq;a;"nq'c'uq"377-343 msgq' ud osgzGs kscACOdklaLka;shdud osgzGs kscACOdklaLka;shdud osgzGs kscACOdklaLka;shdud osgzGs kscACOdklaLka;shd

jkafkah' ta jsorAYfkdamlaf,aY ud.! Fkdfjhs ud.!hg mrsmF: hhs Tyq jsiska ud.!dud.! jHjia:d l<hq;hs' tfia ud.!dud.! jHjia:d lrk Z{dKh u.a.du.a. Z{dKoiaik jsiqoaOshhs'

w;S;doS fNao Nskak ff;@N~usl ixialdrhkays w;SldoS fNaoNskak kuz ‘hxlsZ[aps rEmx hxlsZ[aps rEmx hxlsZ[aps rEmx hxlsZ[aps rEmx w;S;dkd.;w;S;dkd.;w;S;dkd.;w;S;dkd.; mpzpqmkakx wcACO;a;x jd nysoaOdjd Tz,drslxjd iqLquxjd ySkx jd mKS;xjd hx mpzpqmkakx wcACO;a;x jd nysoaOdjd Tz,drslxjd iqLquxjd ySkx jd mKS;xjd hx mpzpqmkakx wcACO;a;x jd nysoaOdjd Tz,drslxjd iqLquxjd ySkx jd mKS;xjd hx mpzpqmkakx wcACO;a;x jd nysoaOdjd Tz,drslxjd iqLquxjd ySkx jd mKS;xjd hx |+fr ika;sfljd hd|+fr ika;sfljd hd|+fr ika;sfljd hd|+fr ika;sfljd hd ldps fjzokd’ldps fjzokd’ldps fjzokd’ldps fjzokd’hkdoSka jod< w;S; wkd.; jrA;udk jQ wdOHd;ausl jQ fyda ndysrjQ fyda T#odrsl jQ fyda iQCIu jQ fyda ySk jQ fyda m@KS;jQ fyda |=rjQ fyda ik;sl jQ fyda tfldf<dia wdldr rEmh fjzokdosho tfiah' ff;@N~usl ixialdr kuz ldudjpr rEmdjdpr wrEmdjpr Ou!hs f,dafld;a;r jkdyS jsorAYkdjg wruqKq fkdfjz' jsorAYkdjg wruqKq jkafka idkqih Ou!hs jsorAYkdj wkqYh m@ydKh msKsi nejsks'

ialJOdos jYfhka l,dm jYfhka yl<d ff;@N~usl Ou! mZ[pialJOdoS l@ufhka l,dm jYfhka msZvql< hq;h' fuys wdos Ynzofhka Ivzoajdr Ivd,uznk Ivz jsZ[aZ[dK Igz iamrAY Ivz fjzokd IgzixZ{d Igzfpz;kd Igz;DIaKd Ivzjs;l! Ivzjspdr IvzOd; oilisK fo;sia fldgzGdi oajdoi wdh;k wgf,dia Od; fojsis bJ|@sh ;@sOd; kjNj p;rAOHdk p;rAjsO wmamuZ[aZ[d i;r iudm;a;s fodf<dia mgspzpiuqmamdo .kafkah' fuz l@ufhka rEmialJO jYfhka l,dm iuzurAYkh fufiah ‘hxlsZ[aps‘hxlsZ[aps‘hxlsZ[aps‘hxlsZ[aps rEmx w;S;dkd.; mpzpqmamkakx wcACO;a;x jd nysorEmx w;S;dkd.; mpzpqmamkakx wcACO;a;x jd nysorEmx w;S;dkd.; mpzpqmamkakx wcACO;a;x jd nysorEmx w;S;dkd.; mpzpqmamkakx wcACO;a;x jd nysoaOdjd aOdjd aOdjd aOdjd Tz,drslxjd iqLquxjd ySkx jd mKS;xjd hx |+fr ika;s fljd inznrEmx wkspzpx LhgzfGk |=laLx Tz,drslxjd iqLquxjd ySkx jd mKS;xjd hx |+fr ika;s fljd inznrEmx wkspzpx LhgzfGk |=laLx Tz,drslxjd iqLquxjd ySkx jd mKS;xjd hx |+fr ika;s fljd inznrEmx wkspzpx LhgzfGk |=laLx Tz,drslxjd iqLquxjd ySkx jd mKS;xjd hx |+fr ika;s fljd inznrEmx wkspzpx LhgzfGk |=laLx NhgzfGk wk;a;d widrlgzfGk’NhgzfGk wk;a;d widrlgzfGk’NhgzfGk wk;a;d widrlgzfGk’NhgzfGk wk;a;d widrlgzfGk’ fjzokdosh ms<snZojo l,dm iuzuY!kh fufiah'

‘CIhdF:!fhka wks;Hh Nhd:!fhka |=%Lh widrd:!fhka wkd;auhhs’rEmdosh CIhg meusfKkafkah' tnejska wks;Hhs hfula CIhg meusfKakuz th Nhcklh rEmdosh Nhckl fyhska |=%Lh wd;audos jYfhka .;hq; idrke;s fyhska wkd;auh fuhdldrfhka jsorAYkd jevSu CIhdrA:fhka iuzuY!kh lsrSuhs'

oijsO jQ pska;kuh wOsldrhka j,ska f;drjQ ps;a; ixl,amhka jO!kh lsrSu ;,ska CIhdrA: fhka iuzuY!kh lsrSug yelsnj ld,du iQ;@h wkqj meyeos,sfjz'

wkqY@jh (Report)1 uZ.ska ,nd.kakd CIhdrA:fhka iuzuY!kh lsrSfuz jsOsl@uhka ms<snZo oekqu ;yjqre jSug kuz ;ukao th Ndjs;hg f.k jsuidn,d tu oekqu ;ukaf.a njg tkuz ;od;auShl Khlg Ndckhlr.; hq;h' tfia fkdjkakdjQ CIhdrA:fhka iuzuY!kh lsrSfuz jsOsl@uhka fyj;a weiSuz wkqY@jh ud;@fldgf.k muKla tys ksjerosNdjh ukskq,nkafkkuz th ksjeros CIhdrA:fhka iuzuY!kh lsrSfuz jsOsl@uhka fkdjk nj nq|=iuh mjihs'

tfukau CIhdrA:fhka iuzuY!kh lsrSfuz l@shdj,sfhaoS mdruzmrslNdjh(mruzmrdh Tradition)2 mokuzlrf.k tu CIhdrA:fhka iuzuY!kh lsrSfuz jsOsl@uhka ksjeroshehs ;SrKhlg t<USu ksjeros fkdfjz' n@dyauKhkaf.a fjzoh iuznJOfhkao Tjqka yqjd olajkafka tu CIhdrA:fhka iuzuY!kh lsrSfuz jsOsl@uhka mdruzmrsljk nejska tajs ksrjoHjk njhs' mrmqfrys meusKsh;a tu CIhdrA:fhka iuzuY!kh lsrSfuz jsOsl@uhka mokuz jS we;af;a i;H milalsrSug jvd ;u;ukaf.a wd.usl wrA:oelajSuz yqjd oelajSug jk nejska tajd ksjeros CIhdrA:fhka iuzuY!kh lsrSfuz jsOsl@uhka fkdfjz'

1 w' ks' 1";sl ksmd;h"uydj.a.h ld,du iq;a;"nq'c'uq"377-343 msgq' ud wkqiaifjzkud wkqiaifjzkud wkqiaifjzkud wkqiaifjzk 2 tu ud mruzmrdhud mruzmrdhud mruzmrdhud mruzmrdh

tfukau CIhdrA:fhka iuzuY!kh lsrSfuz l@shdj,sfhaoS fufia fmrlshd ;sfnzhkak(b;slsrdh Prologue ; Presuppose)1 mokuzlr f.k tu CIhdrA:fhka iuzuY!kh lsrSfuz jsOsl@uhka

ksjeroshehs ;SrKhlg t<USu ksjeros fkdfjz' fmrlshd ;snqkqnj hkak CIhdrA:fhka iuzuY!kh lsrSfuz l@shdj,sh ;, fm#rdKslFjh yd ineZ|=kq fohla jkjd usi tu CIhdrA:fhka iuzuY!kh lsrSfuz jsOsl@uhka ksjerosnj ;yjqrelsrSfuys,d usKquz oKavla lr .ekSu idjoHnj nq|=iuh olajhs'

tfukau CIhdrA:fhka iuzuY!kh lsrSfuz l@shdj,sfhysoS msgl iuzmodh(Given in the Scripture)2 mokuzlrf.k tu CIhdrA:fhka iuzuY!kh lsrSfuz jsOsl@uhka ikq,nkfoh ksjeroshehs ;SrKhlg t<USu ksjeros fkdfjz' f,aLk.;nj hkak wd.usl woyia ixrCIKfhys,d bjy,ajk l@ufjzohla usi tu CIhdrA:fhka iuzuY!kh lsrSfuz jsOsl@uhka ksjerosnj ;yjqre lsrSfuys,d th usKquz oKavla lr.ekSu nq|=iuh wkqu; fkdlrhs'

tfukau CIhdrA:fhka iuzuY!kh lsrSfuz l@shdj,sfhysoS ;rAlkh(Logical Implication)3 mokuzlrf.k tu CIhdrA:fhka iuzuY!kh lsrSfuz jsOsl@uhka ksjeroshehs ;SrKhlg t<USu wfhda.Hh' ;drAlslnj hkak hula ta;a; .ekajSfuz ls@hdj,sfhysoS Bg wdOdr WmldrSjk woyia yd CIhdrA:fhka iuzuY!kh lsrSfuz jsOsl@uhka bosrsm;a lsrSfuz jsOsl@uhla jkjd yefrkakg tlS woyia yd CIhdrA:fhka iuzuY!kh lsrSfuz jsOsl@uhka ksjerosnj ;yjqrelsrSfuys,d th usKquz oZvqjla lr.ekSu nq|=iuh wkqu; fkdlrhs'

tfukau CIhdrA:fhka iuzuY!kh lsrSfuz l@shdj,sfhysoS kHdhdkQidrSjSu(Nomalogical)4 mokuz lrf.k tu CIhdrA:fhka iuzuY!kh lsrSfuz jsOsl@uhka ksjeros hehs ;SrKhlg t<USu wfhda.Hh' kHdkQidrSjSu hkak hula fuz whqrska CIhdrA:fhka iuzuY!kh lsrSu l< hq;hehs ks.ukhla ,ndoS ;snqKq l@shdoduhlgu wkq.;j tu CIhdrA:fhka iuzuY!kh lsrSu is|=lrkjd yefrkakg jspdrmQrAjl jSfuys lsis|= bvlvla ta ;,ska fkdiemfha' tfukau taksid th mdol fldgf.k tlS CIhdrA:fhka iuzuY!kh lsrSfuz jsOsl@uhkays ksjerosnj ;yjqre lsrSfuys,d th tlu usKquz oKavla lr.ekSu nq|=iuh wkqu; fkdlrhs'

tfukau CIhdrA:fhka iuzuY!kh lsrSfuz l@shdj,sfhaoS huz fohla jkafka fuz whqrska hehs(wdldr mrsjs;rAlh Diversification of Thought)5 ;ukaf.a mQj!ixl,amkhka mdol fldgf.k tu CIhdrA:fhka iuzuY!kh lsrSfuz jsOsl@uhka ms<snZoj ksjeros ;SrKhlg t<USu wfhda.Hnj nq|=iuh fmkajdfohs' idys;HOrhka l,dlrejka ;u ksu!dK jia;nSc iZoyd fnfyjska fuu mQj!ixl,amkd Ndjs;dlr;s tksid mQj!ixl,amhkhka lsishuz ksu!dKd;aul lghq;a;lg yerekqfldg CIhdrA:fhka iuzuY!kh lsrSfuz jsOsl@uhka jeks jsoHd;aul js.@yhkag t<Ushhq; wjia:dj,oS Ndjs;dlsrSu wfhda.Hh'

1 w' ks' 1";sl ksmd;h"uydj.a.h ld,du iq;a;"nq'c'uq"377-343 msgq' ud b;slsrdhud b;slsrdhud b;slsrdhud b;slsrdh 2 tu ud msgl iuzmodfkakud msgl iuzmodfkakud msgl iuzmodfkakud msgl iuzmodfkak 3 tu ud ;lal fya;`ud ;lal fya;`ud ;lal fya;`ud ;lal fya;` 4 tu ud kh fya;`ud kh fya;`ud kh fya;`ud kh fya;` 5 tu ud wdldr mrsjs;laflakud wdldr mrsjs;laflakud wdldr mrsjs;laflakud wdldr mrsjs;laflak

tfukau CIhdrA:fhka iuzuY!kh lsrSfuz l@shdj,sfhysoS jsh yelsnj fyj;a iuzNdjs;dj (NjH;dj Potentity)1 mdollrf.k tu CIhdrA:fhka iuzuY!kh lsrSfuz jsOsl@uhka

ms<snZoj ksjeros ;SrKhlg t<USu wfhda.Hnj nq|=iuh fmkajdfohs' iuzNdjs;dj jkdyS lsishuz wkqudkhls tlS wkqudkhg mdollr.kafka tu lreKg iudk fjk;a mQj!w;aoelSuzh jsh yelsnj fyda fkdjshyels nj ;SrKh flfrkafka wjsksYaps; ;;ajhla mokuzlrf.k ksid fuz uZ.ska h:drA:jdoS wjfndaOhlalrd .ukal< fkdyelsnj nq|=iuh mjihs' ksYaps;jQ CIhdrA:fhka iuzuY!kh lsrSfuz jsOsl@uhka;, wjsksYaps; iajNdjhla ;snsh fkdyelsnejska nq|=iuh fuu ;;ajh h:drA:jdoS CIhdrA:fhka iuzuY!kh lsrSfuz jsOsl@uhkag ndOdldrSjkakla f,i fmkajdoS we;'

tfukau CIhdrA:fhka iuzuY!kh lsrSfuz l@shdj,sfhysoS lshkq,nkakd fyj;a .rejrhdf.a jpkh u;u t<US (iufKd fkd .re Cousultations of Preceptor)2 lsis|= pspdrmQj!l wdl,amhlska f;drj ks.ukj,g t<USu wfhda.Hnj nq|=iuh fmkajdfohs' .rejrhdf.a jpkhg ieuod ieufoku .rel< hq;h' tams<snZoj lsis|= lsis|= jsjdohla ;snsh fkdyel kuq;a fuys wvqmdvqj jkafka .rejrhdf.a jpkh YsIHhd fld;ruz wjfndaOfhka hq;j ms<smoskjdo hk ldrkhhs' jspdrmQj!l Ndjfha jeo.;alu biau;jkafka fukak fuz ia:dkfhaoShs' we;euzjsg CIhdrA:fhka iuzuY!kh lsrSfuz jsOsl@uhka b.ekajSfuz l@shdj,sfhysoS fjfyi wu;ljSuz jeks fya;ksid .rejrhdg huzhuz w;miqjSuz we;sjsh yelsh' tjsg uekjska ijka fok YsIHhdf.a hq;lujkafka ffu;@Siy.;j yd f.#rjmQrAjlj .rejrhdg tu ia:dk fmkajdoSuhs uyd j.a.md,sfha j;a;laLJOlfhoS wdpdrAh WmdOHdh yd ioaOsjsydrsl j;aj,oS nq|=r|=ka fuz lreKq uekjska jsia;rlr oS ;sfnz'

tfukau CIhdrA:fhka iuzuY!kh lsrSfuz l@shdj,sfhysoS by; olajd we;s lreKq kjfh(9)ka uki wdjrKhlr.ksuska oDIaGs.;slj(osgzGs kscACOdklaLka;s Cousultations of Preceptor)3 tu wikq,nk foa ms<snZo ks.ukj,g meusKSu nq|=iu h fhda.Hhehs wkqu; fkdlrhs'oDIaGSka .@KhlsrSu hkq udkisl jsjD;Ndjh rys; ;;ajhls' nqoaOs jO!kh msksi th Wmldrj;a fkdfjz nqoaOs jO!kh is|=jkqfha jsjD;udkis; miq;,hla;,oSh nq|=kajykafiaf.a CIhdrA:fhka iuzuY!kh lsrSfuz jsOsl@uhka Y@jKhlr fndfydafofkl Ou!djfndaOh ,nd ud.!M, mila lr.kq ,enQfha Wkajykafiaf.a CIhdrA:fhka iuzuY!kh lsrSfuz jsOsl@uhka Y@jKh l< wh;< lsis|= wdldrfha oDIagshla we;sjSug lsis|= bvla fkd;nd CIhdrA:fhka iuzuY!kh lsrSfuz l@shdj,sh werUSug fmr Tjqka;, ;snQ oDIaGSkao myj hk wdldrfhkaa ;u CIhdrA:fhka iuzuY!kh lsrSfuz jsOsl@uhka Tjqkag Y@jKh jkakg ie,eiajQ nejsks'

‘woaOdk jYfhka’tla tla Njfhk mrspzPskak ld,jYfhka tla njhl my<jQ rEmdosh wksla Njhlg fkdhhs' ta taa NjfhysoSu jsreoaO fjhs tla tla Njfhys|= ;ka jhiays oi oilfhys wjqre|= iD; udi mCI i;s ojia ? oyj,a hdudosfhys my<jQ rEm wksla jhia wdoshg fkdf.dia tysu ksreoaO fjhs fuz wdldrfhka jsorAYkd jevSu woaOdk jYfhka iuzuY!kh lsrSuhs'

oijsO jQ pska;kuh wOsldrhka j,ska f;drjQ ps;a; ixl,amhka jO!kh lsrSu ;,ska woaOdk jYfhka iuzuY!kh lsrSug yelsnj ld,du iQ;@h wkqj meyeos,sfjz'

1 w' ks' 1";sl ksmd;h"uydj.a.h ld,du iq;a;"nq'c'uq"377-343 msgq' ud NnznrEm;dhud NnznrEm;dhud NnznrEm;dhud NnznrEm;dh 2 tu ud ud ud ud iufKda fkda .rE;siufKda fkda .rE;siufKda fkda .rE;siufKda fkda .rE;s 3 tu ud osgzGs kscACOdklaLka;shdud osgzGs kscACOdklaLka;shdud osgzGs kscACOdklaLka;shdud osgzGs kscACOdklaLka;shd

wkqY@jh (Report)1 uZ.ska ,nd.kakd woaOdk jYfhka iuzuY!kh lsrSfuz jsOsl@uhka ms<snZo

oekqu ;yjqre jSug kuz ;ukao th Ndjs;hg f.k jsuidn,d tu oekqu ;ukaf.a njg tkuz ;od;auShlKhlg Ndckhlr.; hq;h' tfia fkdjkakdjQ woaOdk jYfhka iuzuY!kh lsrSfuz jsOsl@uhka fyj;a weiSuz wkqY@jh ud;@fldgf.k muKla tys ksjerosNdjh ukskq,nkafkkuz th ksjeros woaOdk jYfhka iuzuY!kh lsrSfuz jsOsl@uhka l@shdj,shla fkdjk nj nq|=iuh mjihs'

tfukau woaOdk jYfhka iuzuY!kh lsrSfuz jsOsl@uhka l@shdj,sfhaoS mdruzmrslNdjh(mruzmrdh Tradition)2 mokuzlrf.k tu woaOdk jYfhka iuzuY!kh lsrSfuz jsOsl@uhka ksjeroshehs ;SrKhlg t<USu ksjeros fkdfjz' n@dyauKhkaf.a fjzoh iuznJOfhkao Tjqka yqjd olajkafka tu weiSuz mdruzmrsljk nejska tajd ksrjoHjk njhs' mrmqfrys meusKsh;a tu Y@jKhka mokuz jS we;af;a i;H milalsrSug jvd ;u;ukaf.a wd.usl wrA:oelajSuz yqjd oelajSug jk nejska tajd ksjeros woaOdk jYfhka iuzuY!kh lsrSfuz jsOsl@uhka fkdfjz'

tfukau woaOdk jYfhka iuzuY!kh lsrSfuz jsOsl@uhka l@shdj,sfhaoS fufia fmrlshd ;sfnzhkak (b;slsrdh Prologue ; Presuppose)3 mokuzlr f.k tu woaOdk jYfhka iuzuY!kh lsrSfuz jsOsl@uhka ksjeroshehs ;SrKhlg t<USu ksjeros fkdfjz' fmrlshd ;snqkqnj hkak woaOdk jYfhka iuzuY!kh lsrSfuz l@shdj,sh ;, fm#rdKslFjh yd ineZ|=kq fohla jkjd usi tu woaOdk jYfhka iuzuY!kh lsrSfuz jsOsl@uhka ksjerosnj ;yjqrelsrSfuys,d usKquz oKavla lr .ekSu idjoHnj nq|=iuh olajhs'

tfukau woaOdk jYfhka iuzuY!kh lsrSfuz l@shdj,sfhysoS msgl iuzmodh(Given in the Scripture) 4mokuzlrf.k tu woaOdk jYfhka iuzuY!kh lsrSfuz jsOsl@uhka ksjeroshehs ;SrKhlg t<USu ksjeros fkdfjz' f,aLk.;nj hkak wd.usl woyia ixrCIKfhys,d bjy,ajk l@ufjzohla usi tu woaOdk jYfhka iuzuY!kh lsrSfuz jsOsl@uhka ksjerosnj ;yjqrelsrSfuys,d th usKquz oKavla lr.ekSu nq|=iuh wkqu; fkdlrhs'

tfukau woaOdk jYfhka iuzuY!kh lsrSfuz l@shdj,sfhysoS ;rAlkh(Logical Implication)5 mokuzlrf.k tu woaOdk jYfhka iuzuY!kh lsrSfuz jsOsl@uhka ksjeroshehs ;SrKhlg t<USu wfhda.Hh' ;drAlslnj hkak hula ta;a; .ekajSfuz ls@hdj,sfhysoS Bg wdOdr WmldrSjk woyia yd woaOdk jYfhka iuzuY!kh lsrSfuz jsOsl@uhka bosrsm;a lsrSfuz jsOsl@uhla jkjd yefrkakg tlS woyia yd woaOdk jYfhka iuzuY!kh lsrSfuz jsOsl@uhka ksjerosnj ;yjqrelsrSfuys,d th usKquz oZvqjla lr.ekSu nq|=iuh wkqu; fkdlrhs'

tfukau woaOdk jYfhka iuzuY!kh lsrSfuz l@shdj,sfhysoS kHdhdkQidrSjSu(Nomalogical)6 mokuz lrf.k tu woaOdk jYfhka iuzuY!kh lsrSfuz jsOsl@uhka ksjeros hehs ;SrKhlg t<USu wfhda.Hh' kHdkQidrSjSu hkak hula fuz whqrska woaOdk jYfhka iuzuY!kh lsrSul< hq;hehs ks.ukhla ,ndoS ;snqKq l@shdoduhlgu wkq.;j tu woaOdk jYfhka iuzuY!kh lsrSfuz

1 w' ks' 1";sl ksmd;h"uydj.a.h ld,du iq;a;"nq'c'uq"377-343 msgq' ud wkqiaifjzkud wkqiaifjzkud wkqiaifjzkud wkqiaifjzk 2 tu ud mruzmrdhud mruzmrdhud mruzmrdhud mruzmrdh 3 tu ud b;slsrdhud b;slsrdhud b;slsrdhud b;slsrdh 4 tu ud msgl iuzmodfkakud msgl iuzmodfkakud msgl iuzmodfkakud msgl iuzmodfkak 5 tu ud ;lal fya;`ud ;lal fya;`ud ;lal fya;`ud ;lal fya;` 6 w' ks' 1";sl ksmd;h"uydj.a.h ld,du iq;a;"nq'c'uq"377-343 msgq' ud kh fya;`ud kh fya;`ud kh fya;`ud kh fya;`

is|=lrkjd yefrkakg jspdrmQrAjl jSfuys lsis|= bvlvla ta ;,ska fkdiemfha' tfukau taksid th mdol fldgf.k tlS woaOdk jYfhka iuzuY!kh lsrSfuz jsOsl@uhkays ksjerosnj ;yjqre lsrSfuys,d th tlu usKquz oKavla lr.ekSu nq|=iuh wkqu; fkdlrhs'

tfukau woaOdk jYfhka iuzuY!kh lsrSfuz l@shdj,sfhaoS huz fohla jkafka fuz whqrska hehs(wdldr mrsjs;rAlh Diversification of Thought)1 ;ukaf.a mQj!ixl,amkhka mdol fldgf.k tu woaOdk jYfhka iuzuY!kh lsrSfuz jsOsl@uhka ms<snZoj ksjeros ;SrKhlg t<USu wfhda.Hnj nq|=iuh fmkajdfohs' idys;HOrhka l,dlrejka ;u ksu!dK jia;nSc iZoyd fnfyjska fuu mQj!ixl,amkd Ndjs;dlr;s tksid mQj!ixl,amhkhka lsishuz ksu!dKd;aul lghq;a;lg yerekqfldg woaOdk jYfhka iuzuY!kh lsrSfuz jsOsl@uhka jeks jsoHd;aul js.@yhkag t<Ushhq; wjia:dj,oS Ndjs;dlsrSu wfhda.Hh'

tfukau woaOdk jYfhka iuzuY!kh lsrSfuz l@shdj,sfhysoS jsh yelsnj fyj;a iuzNdjs;dj (NjH;dj Potentity)2 mdollrf.k tu woaOdk jYfhka iuzuY!kh lsrSfuz jsOsl@uhka

ms<snZoj ksjeros ;SrKhlg t<USu wfhda.Hnj nq|=iuh fmkajdfohs' iuzNdjs;dj jkdyS lsishuz wkqudkhls tlS wkqudkhg mdollr.kafka tu lreKg iudk fjk;a mQj!w;aoelSuzh jsh yelsnj fyda fkdjshyels nj ;SrKh flfrkafka wjsksYaps; ;;ajhla mokuzlrf.k ksid fuz uZ.ska h:drA:jdoS wjfndaOhlalrd .ukal< fkdyelsnj nq|=iuh mjihs' ksYaps;jQ woaOdk jYfhka iuzuY!kh lsrSfuz jsOsl@uhka;, wjsksYaps; iajNdjhla ;snsh fkdyelsnejska nq|=iuh fuu ;;ajh h:drA:jdoS woaOdk jYfhka iuzuY!kh lsrSfuz jsOsl@uhkag ndOdldrSjkakla f,i fmkajdoS we;'

tfukau woaOdk jYfhka iuzuY!kh lsrSfuz l@shdj,sfhysoS lshkq,nkakd fyj;a .rejrhdf.a jpkh u;u t<US (iufKd fkd .re Cousultations of Preceptor)3 lsis|= pspdrmQj!l wdl,amhlska f;drj ks.ukj,g t<USu wfhda.Hnj nq|=iuh fmkajdfohs'.rejrhdf.a jpkhg ieuod ieufoku .rel< hq;h' tams<snZoj lsis|= lsis|= jsjdohla ;snsh fkdyel' kuq;a fuys wvqmdvqj jkafka .rejrhdf.a jpkh YsIHhd fld;ruz wjfndaOfhka hq;j ms<smoskjdo hk ldrkhhs' jspdrmQj!lNdjfha jeo.;alu biau;jkafka fukak fuz ia:dkfhaoShs we;euzjsg woaOdk jYfhka iuzuY!kh lsrSfuz l@shdj,sfhysoS fjfyi wu;ljSuz jeks fya;ksid .rejrhdg huzhuz w;miqjSuz we;sjsh yelsh'tjsg uekjska ijka fok YsIHhdf.a hq;lujkafka ffu;@Siy.;j yd f.#rjmQrAjlj .rejrhdg tu ia:dk fmkajdoSuhs' uyd j.a.md,sfha j;a;laLJOlfhoS wdpdrAh WmdOHdh yd ioaOsjsydrsl j;aj,oS nq|=r|=ka fuz lreKq uekjska jsia;rlr oS ;sfnz'

tfukau woaOdk jYfhka iuzuY!kh lsrSfuz l@shdj,sfhysoS by; olajd we;s lreKq kjfh(9)ka uki wdjrKhlr.ksuska oDIaGs.;slj(osgzGs kscACOdklaLka;s Cousultations of Preceptor)4 tu woaOdk jYfhka iuzuY!kh lsrSfuz jsOsl@uhka ms<snZo ks.ukj,g meusKSu nq|=iu h fhda.Hhehs wkqu; fkdlrhs oDIaGSka .@KhlsrSu hkq udkisl jsjD;Ndjh rys; ;;ajhls' nqoaOs jO!kh msksi th Wmldrj;a fkdfjz' nqoaOs jO!kh is|=jkqfha jsjD;udkis; miq;,hla;,oSh nq|=kajykafiaf.a Ou! foaYkd uZ.ska woaOdk jYfhka iuzuY!kh lsrSfuz jsOsl@uhka wkq.ukhlr fndfydafofkl Ou!djfndaOh ,nd ud.!M, mila lr.kq ,enQfha Wkajykafiaf.a woaOdk jYfhka iuzuY!kh lsrSfuz jsOsl@uhka Y@jKh l< wh;< lsis|= wdldrfha oDIagshla we;sjSug lsis|= bvla fkd;nd woaOdk jYfhka iuzuY!kh lsrSfuz l@shdj,sh

1 tu ud wdldr mrsjs;laflakud wdldr mrsjs;laflakud wdldr mrsjs;laflakud wdldr mrsjs;laflak 2 tu ud NnznrEm;dhud NnznrEm;dhud NnznrEm;dhud NnznrEm;dh 3 tu ud iufKda fkda .rE;sud iufKda fkda .rE;sud iufKda fkda .rE;sud iufKda fkda .rE;s 4 w' ks' 1";sl ksmd;h"uydj.a.h ld,du iq;a;"nq'c'uq"377-343 msgq' ud osgzGs kscACOdklaLka;shdud osgzGs kscACOdklaLka;shdud osgzGs kscACOdklaLka;shdud osgzGs kscACOdklaLka;shd

werUSug fmr Tjqka;, ;snQ oDIaGSkao myj hk wdldrfhkaa ;u foaYkdjka Tjqkag Y@jKh jkakg ie,eiajQ nejsks'

‘ika;;s jYfhka’rEm ika;;s jYfhka yd wrEm ika;;s jYfhka iuzuY!kh lsrSuhs ika;;s jYfhka l,dm iuzuY!kh fufia oelafjz' fuys rEm ika;;s jYfhka l,dm iuzuY!kh fufia jsia;r flfrA' ‘wdodk‘wdodk‘wdodk‘wdodk kslafLzmkslafLzmkslafLzmkslafLzmkfkfkfkf;d jfhdajqoaOF:.dusf;d wdydrf;d p W;f;d luzulf;d pdms ;d jfhdajqoaOF:.dusf;d wdydrf;d p W;f;d luzulf;d pdms ;d jfhdajqoaOF:.dusf;d wdydrf;d p W;f;d luzulf;d pdms ;d jfhdajqoaOF:.dusf;d wdydrf;d p W;f;d luzulf;d pdms ps;a;f;dps;a;f;dps;a;f;dps;a;f;d Ouzu;d rEmf;d iOuzu;d rEmf;d iOuzu;d rEmf;d iOuzu;d rEmf;d i;a; jsF:dfrk jsmiai;s’;a; jsF:dfrk jsmiai;s’;a; jsF:dfrk jsmiai;s’;a; jsF:dfrk jsmiai;s’hs lshkq ,nk fuz i;a mrsoafoka lrk jsorAYkdhs tu i;ajeoErouz jQ rEmialJO jsmiaikdj fufia ms<sfj<ska oelajsh yelsh' tkuz

1 wdodk kslafLzm fyhska iuzuY!kh lrkakd'

2 jfhdajqoaOF:.duS fyhska iuzuY!kh lrkakd'

3 wdydr fyhska iuzuY!kh lrkakd'

4 iD; fyhska iuzuY!kh lrkakd'

5 lu! fyhska iuzuY!kh lrkakd'

6 ps;a; fyhska iuzuY!kh lrkakd'

7 Ou!;d rEm fyhska iuzuY!kh lrkakd'

1 wdodk kslafLzm fyhska iuzuY!kh lrkakd

fuys wdodk kslafLzm fyhska jsorAYkd kuz m@;siJOs pHq;s jYfhka mrspzpskak tflls Njfhys rEmfhda wkH Njhg fkdf.dia ta ta Njfhysu ksreoaO fj;s b;s nejska wks;Hh wks;H fyhska u |=%Lh |=%Lfyhska u wkd;auhhso jsorAYkd lsrSuhs' (wdodk kuz m@;siJOs kslafLzm kuz pq;s)

oijsO jQ pska;kuh wOsldrhka j,ska f;drjQ ps;a; ixl,amhka jO!kh lsrSu ;,ska kslafLzm fyhska iuzuY!kh lsrSug yelsnj ld,du iQ;@h wkqj meyeos,sfjz'

wkqY@jh (Report)1 uZ.ska ,nd.kakd wdodk kslafLzm fyhska iuzuY!kh lsrSfuz jsOsl@uhka

ms<snZo oekqu ;yjqre jSug kuz ;ukao th Ndjs;hg f.k jsuidn,d tu oekqu ;ukaf.a njg tkuz ;od;auShlKhlg Ndckhlr.; hq;h' tfia fkdjkakdjQ wdodk kslafLzm fyhska iuzuY!kh lsrSfuz jsOsl@uhka fyj;a weiSuz wkqY@jh ud;@fldgf.k muKla tys ksjerosNdjh ukskq,nkafkkuz th ksjeros wdodk kslafLzm fyhska iuzuY!kh lsrSfuz l@shdj,shla fkdjk nj nq|=iuh mjihs'

tfukau wdodk kslafLzm fyhska iuzuY!kh lsrSfuz jsOsl@uhka l@shdj,sfhaoS mdruzmrslNdjh (mruzmrdh Tradition)2 mokuzlrf.k tu wdodk kslafLzm fyhska iuzuY!kh lsrSfuz jsOsl@uhka

ksjeroshehs ;SrKhlg t<USu ksjeros fkdfjz' n@dyauKhkaf.a fjzoh iuznJOfhkao Tjqka yqjd olajkafka tu weiSuz mdruzmrsljk nejska tajs ksrjoHjk njhs mrmqfrys meusKsh;a tu

1 tu ud ud ud ud wkqiaifjzkwkqiaifjzkwkqiaifjzkwkqiaifjzk 2 w' ks' 1";sl ksmd;h"uydj.a.h ld,du iq;a;"nq'c'uq"377-343 msgq' ud mruzmrdhud mruzmrdhud mruzmrdhud mruzmrdh

Y@jKhka mokuz jS we;af;a i;H milalsrSug jvd ;u;ukaf.a wd.usl wrA:oelajSuz yqjd oelajSug jk nejska tajd ksjeros wdodk kslafLzm fyhska iuzuY!kh lsrSfuz jsOsl@uhka fkdfjz'

tfukau wdodk kslafLzm fyhska iuzuY!kh lsrSfuz l@shdj,sfhaoS fufia fmrlshd ;sfnzhkak (b;slsrdh Prologue ; Presuppose)1 mokuzlr f.k tu wdodk kslafLzm fyhska iuzuY!kh lsrSfuz jsOsl@uhka ksjeroshehs ;SrKhlg t<USu ksjeros fkdfjz' fmrlshd ;snqkqnj hkak wdodk kslafLzm fyhska iuzuY!kh lsrSfuz l@shdj,sh ;, fm#rdKslFjh yd ineZ|=kq fohla jkjd usi tu wdodk kslafLzm fyhska iuzuY!kh lsrSfuz jsOsl@uhka ksjerosnj ;yjqrelsrSfuys,d usKquz oKavla lr .ekSu idjoHnj nq|=iuh olajhs'

tfukau wdodk kslafLzm fyhska iuzuY!kh lsrSfuz l@shdj,sfhysoS msgl iuzmodh(Given in the Scripture) 2mokuzlrf.k tu wdodk kslafLzm fyhska iuzuY!kh lsrSfuz jsOsl@uhka ksjeroshehs ;SrKhlg t<USu ksjeros fkdfj'z f,aLk.;nj hkak wd.usl woyia ixrCIKfhys,d bjy,ajk l@ufjzohla usi tu wdodk kslafLzm fyhska iuzuY!kh lsrSfuz jsOsl@uhka ksjerosnj ;yjqre lsrSfuys,d th usKquz oKavla lr.ekSu nq|=iuh wkqu; fkdlrhs'

tfukau wdodk kslafLzm fyhska iuzuY!kh lsrSfuz l@shdj,sfhysoS ;rAlkh(Logical Implication)3 mokuzlrf.k tu wdodk kslafLzm fyhska iuzuY!kh lsrSfuz jsOsl@uhka ksjeroshehs ;SrKhlg t<USu wfhda.Hh ;drAlslnj hkak hula ta;a; .ekajSfuz ls@hdj,sfhysoS Bg wdOdr WmldrSjk woyia yd wdodk kslafLzm fyhska iuzuY!kh lsrSfuz jsOsl@uhka bosrsm;a lsrSfuz jsOsl@uhla jkjd yefrkakg tlS woyia yd wdodk kslafLzm fyhska iuzuY!kh lsrSfuz jsOsl@uhka ksjeros nj ;yjqrelsrSfuys,d th usKquz oZvqjla lr.ekSu nq|=iuh wkqu; fkdlrhs'

tfukau wdodk kslafLzm fyhska iuzuY!kh lsrSfuz l@shdj,sfhysoS kHdhdkQidrSjSu(Nomalogical)4 mokuz lrf.k tu wdodk kslafLzm fyhska iuzuY!kh lsrSfuz jsOsl@uhka ksjeros hehs ;SrKhlg t<USu wfhda.Hh' kHdkQidrSjSu hkak hula fuz whqrska wdodk kslafLzm fyhska iuzuY!kh lsrSfuz

l< hq;hehs ks.ukhla ,ndoS ;snqKq l@shdoduhlgu wkq.;j tu wdodk kslafLzm fyhska iuzuY!kh lsrSfuz is|=lrkjd yefrkakg jspdrmQrAjl jSfuys lsis|= bvlvla ta ;,ska fkdiemfha tfukau taksid th mdol fldgf.k tlS wdodk kslafLzm fyhska iuzuY!kh lsrSfuz jsOsl@uhkays ksjerosnj ;yjqre lsrSfuys,d th tlu usKquz oKavla lr.ekSu nq|=iuh wkqu; fkdlrhs'

tfukau wdodk kslafLzm fyhska iuzuY!kh lsrSfuz l@shdj,sfhaoS huz fohla jkafka fuz whqrska hehs(wdldr mrsjs;rAlh Diversification of Thought)5 ;ukaf.a mQj!ixl,amkhka mdol fldgf.k tu wdodk kslafLzm fyhska iuzuY!kh lsrSfuz jsOsl@uhka ms<snZoj ksjeros ;SrKhlg t<USu wfhda.Hnj nq|=iuh fmkajdfohs' idys;HOrhka l,dlrejka ;u ksu!dK jia;nSc iZoyd fnfyjska fuu mQj!ixl,amkd Ndjs;dlr;s tksid mQj!ixl,amhkhka lsishuz ksu!dKd;aul lghq;a;lg yerekqfldg wdodk kslafLzm fyhska iuzuY!kh lsrSfuz jsOsl@uhka jeks jsoHd;aul js.@yhkag t<Ushhq; wjia:dj,oS Ndjs;dlsrSu wfhda.Hh'

1 tu ud b;slsrdhud b;slsrdhud b;slsrdhud b;slsrdh 2 tu ud msgl iuzmodfkakud msgl iuzmodfkakud msgl iuzmodfkakud msgl iuzmodfkak 3 tu ud ;lal fya;`ud ;lal fya;`ud ;lal fya;`ud ;lal fya;` 4 tu ud kh fya;`ud kh fya;`ud kh fya;`ud kh fya;` 5 w' ks' 1";sl ksmd;h"uydj.a.h ld,du iq;a;"nq'c'uq"377-343 msgq' ud wdldr mrsjs;laflakud wdldr mrsjs;laflakud wdldr mrsjs;laflakud wdldr mrsjs;laflak

tfukau wdodk kslafLzm fyhska iuzuY!kh lsrSfuz l@shdj,sfhysoS jsh yelsnj fyj;a iuzNdjs;dj(NjH;dj Potentity)1 mdollrf.k tu wdodk kslafLzm fyhska iuzuY!kh lsrSfuz jsOsl@uhka ms<snZoj ksjeros ;SrKhlg t<USu wfhda.Hnj nq|=iuh fmkajdfohs' iuzNdjs;dj jkdyS lsishuz wkqudkhls tlS wkqudkhg mdollr.kafka tu lreKg iudk fjk;a mQj!w;aoelSuzh jsh yelsnj fyda fkdjshyels nj ;SrKh flfrkafka wjsksYaps; ;;ajhla mokuzlrf.k ksid fuz uZ.ska h:drA:jdoS wjfndaOhlalrd .ukal< fkdyelsnj nq|=iuh mjihs' ksYaps;jQ wdodk kslafLzm fyhska iuzuY!kh lsrSfuz jsOsl@uhka;, wjsksYaps; iajNdjhla ;snsh fkdyelsnejska nq|=iuh fuu ;;ajh h:drA:jdoS wdodk kslafLzm fyhska iuzuY!kh lsrSfuz jsOsl@uhkag ndOdldrSjkakla f,i fmkajdoS we;'

tfukau wdodk kslafLzm fyhska iuzuY!kh lsrSfuz l@shdj,sfhysoS lshkq,nkakd fyj;a .rejrhdf.a jpkh u;u t<US (iufKd fkd .re Cousultations of Preceptor)2 lsis|= pspdrmQj!l wdl,amhlska f;drj ks.ukj,g t<USu wfhda.Hnj nq|=iuh fmkajdfohs .rejrhdf.a jpkhg ieuod ieufoku .rel< hq;h' tams<snZoj lsis|= lsis|= jsjdohla ;snsh fkdyel kuq;a fuys wvqmdvqj jkafka .rejrhdf.a jpkh YsIHhd fld;ruz wjfndaOfhka hq;j ms<smoskjdo hk ldrkhhs' jspdrmQj!lNdjfha jeo.;alu biau;jkafka fukak fuz ia:dkfhaoShs we;euzjsg wdodk kslafLzm fyhska iuzuY!kh lsrSfuz jsOsl@uhka b.ekajSfuz l@shdj,sfhysoS fjfyi wu;ljSuz jeks fya;ksid .rejrhdg huzhuz w;miqjSuz we;sjsh yelsh tjsg uekjska ijka fok YsIHhdf.a hq;lujkafka ffu;@Siy.;j yd f.#rjmQrAjlj .rejrhdg tu ia:dk fmkajdoSuhs' uyd j.a.md,sfha j;a;laLJOlfhoS wdpdrAh WmdOHdh yd ioaOsjsydrsl j;aj,oS nq|=r|=ka fuz lreKq uekjska jsia;rlr oS ;sfnz'

tfukau wdodk kslafLzm fyhska iuzuY!kh lsrSfuz l@shdj,sfhysoS by; olajd we;s lreKq kjfh(9)ka uki wdjrKhlr.ksuska oDIaGs.;slj(osgzGs kscACOdklaLka;s Cousultations of Preceptor)3 tu wdodk kslafLzm fyhska iuzuY!kh lsrSfuz jsOsl@uhka ms<snZo ks.ukj,g meusKSu nq|=iu h fhda.Hhehs wkqu; fkdlrhs' oDIaGSka .@KhlsrSu hkq udkisl jsjD;Ndjh rys; ;;ajhls nqoaOs jO!kh msksi th Wmldrj;a fkdfjz nqoaOs jO!kh is|=jkqfha jsjD;udkis; miq;,hla;,oSh' nq|=kajykafiaf.a wdodk kslafLzm fyhska iuzuY!kh lsrSfuz jsOsl@uhka Y@jKhlr fndfydafofkl Ou!djfndaOh ,nd ud.!M, mila lr.kq ,enQfha Wkajykafiaf.a wdodk kslafLzm fyhska iuzuY!kh lsrSfuz jsOsl@uhka Y@jKh l< wh;< lsis|= wdldrfha oDIagshla we;sjSug lsis|= bvla fkd;nd wdodk kslafLzm fyhska iuzuY!kh lsrSfuz l@shdj,sh werUSug fmr Tjqka;, ;snQ oDIaGSkao myj hk wdldrfhkaa ;u wdodk kslafLzm fyhska iuzuY!kh lsrSfuz jsOsl@uhka Tjqkag Y@jKh jkakg ie,eiajQ nejsks'

2 jfhdajqoaOF:.dus fyhska iuzuY!kh lrkakd

jsorAYkd flfiao h;a yjqre|= ishla ojia m@:u uOHu mYapsu wjia:d fyhska ;ka fldgila fldg ;sia;ka wjqreoaolska mrspzPskak jQ m<uqjeks wjia:fjys meje;s rEmhka oajs;Shdjia:djg fkdmeusK tysu ksreoaOjk nejskq|= iQ;sia wjqreoaolska mrspzPskakjQ oajs;Sh wjia:dfjys meje;s rEmhka ;D;Sh wia:djg fkdmeusK tysu ksreoaOjk nejskq|= ;ka;sia wjqreoaolska mrspzPskakjQ mYapsudjia:dfjys meje;s rEmhka urKska u;a;g fkdf.dia tysu ksreoaOjk nejskq|= wks;Hh |=%Lh wkd;auhehs jfhdajqF:.dusKS fyhska jsorAYkd flfrhs' kej; tu wjqre|= ishh ‘uJod ‘uJod ‘uJod ‘uJod Lsvzvd p jKakd pLsvzvd p jKakd pLsvzvd p jKakd pLsvzvd p jKakd p n,dmZ[aZ[d p ydhkd mnNrd mjxld fuduQyd ihkd oi’n,dmZ[aZ[d p ydhkd mnNrd mjxld fuduQyd ihkd oi’n,dmZ[aZ[d p ydhkd mnNrd mjxld fuduQyd ihkd oi’n,dmZ[aZ[d p ydhkd mnNrd mjxld fuduQyd ihkd oi’ hs lshk ,o oYl jYfhka oY fldgila fldg kej; mia wjqre|= fyhska jsis fldgila fldg ;ka wjqre|= nejska

1 tu ud NnznrEm;dhud NnznrEm;dhud NnznrEm;dhud NnznrEm;dh 2 tu ud iufKda fkda .rE;sud iufKda fkda .rE;sud iufKda fkda .rE;sud iufKda fkda .rE;s 3 tu ud osgzGs kscACOdklaLka;shdud osgzGs kscACOdklaLka;shdud osgzGs kscACOdklaLka;shdud osgzGs kscACOdklaLka;shd

;sia;ka fldgila fldg fofo wjqre|= nejska mKia fldgila fldg tflls wjqre|= nejska ishla fldgila fldg tlwjqoaol jqj;a fyauka; .suzydk jika; hk ;k iD; fyhska ;ka flgila fldg kej; fyauka; YsYsr jika; .@SIau jiaidk Yr;a hk iD; fyhska fldgia ihla fldg kej; tl udihl lDIaK mCI Yla, mCI fyhska fofldgila fldg kej; tla wvuila myf<dia ojila fyhska mif<dia fldgila fldg kej; tla ojila osjd rd;@S jYfhka fofldgila fldg krj; huz fyhska ifldgila fldg by; olajk ,o mrsoafoka jsorAYkd flfrhs'

kej; wNslalu mgslalu wdf,dals; jsf,dals; iuzusZ[acs; midrs; fyhska msrsisZo wNsl@uKfhys meje; rEmfhda m@;sl@uKhg fkdmeusK tysu ksreoaO fj;shs hkdoSka fjka fjka fldg lS fihska u fufkys flfrhs' kej; ikakslafLzmk ikaksreuzNk jYfhka ifldgila fldg WoaOrKfhys meje;s rEmfhda w;syrKhg fkdf.dia tysu ksreoaO fj;s' hkdoSka fjka fjka fldg lS fihska u jsorAYkd flfrhs' fuz lS ;dla mrsoafoka jsorAYkd lrkafka jfhdajqF:.dus fyhska iuzuY!kh lrkakd kuz fjz'

oijsO jQ pska;kuh wOsldrhka j,ska f;drjQ ps;a; ixl,amhka jO!kh lsrSu ;,ska jfhdajqF:.dus fyhska iuzuY!kh lsrSug yelsnj ld,du iQ;@h wkqj meyeos,sfjz'

wkqY@jh (Report)1 uZ.ska ,nd.kakd jfhdajqoaF:.duS fyhska iuzuY!kh lsrSfuz jsOsl@uhka ms<snZo oekqu ;yjqre jSug kuz ;ukao th Ndjs;hg f.k jsuidn,d tu oekqu ;ukaf.a njg tkuz ;od;auShlKhlg Ndckhlr.; hq;h tfia fkdjkakdjQ jfhdajqoaF:.duS fyhska iuzuY!kh lsrSfuz jsOsl@uhka fyj;a weiSuz wkqY@jh ud;@fldgf.k muKla tys ksjerosNdjh ukskq,nkafkkuz th ksjeros jfhdajqoaF:.duS fyhska iuzuY!kh lsrSfuz jsOsl@uhka l@shdj,shla fkdjk nj nq|=iuh mjihs'

tfukau jfhdajqoaF:.duS fyhska iuzuY!kh lsrSfuz l@shdj,sfhaoS mdruzmrslNdjh(mruzmrdh Tradition)2 mokuzlrf.k tu jfhdajqoaF:.duS fyhska iuzuY!kh lsrSfuz jsOsl@uhka ksjeroshehs ;SrKhlg t<USu ksjeros fkdfjz' n@dyauKhkaf.a fjzoh iuznJOfhkao Tjqka yqjd olajkafka tu weiSuz mdruzmrsljk nejska tajd ksrjoHjk njhs' mrmqfrys meusKsh;a tu jfhdajqoaF:.duS fyhska iuzuY!kh lsrSfuz jsOsl@uhka mokuz jS we;af;a i;H milalsrSug jvd ;u;ukaf.a wd.usl wrA:oelajSuz yqjd oelajSug jk nejska tajd ksjeros jfhdajqoaF:.duS fyhska iuzuY!kh lsrSfuz jsOsl@uhka fkdfjz'

tfukau jfhdajqoaF:.duS fyhska iuzuY!kh lsrSfuz l@shdj,sfhaoS fufia fmrlshd ;sfnzhkak (b;slsrdh Prologue ; Presuppose)3 mokuzlr f.k tu jfhdajqoaF:.duS fyhska iuzuY!kh lsrSfuz jsOsl@uhka ksjeroshehs ;SrKhlg t<USu ksjeros fkdfjz' fmrlshd ;snqkqnj hkak jfhdajqoaF:.duS fyhska iuzuY!kh lsrSfuz l@shdj,sh ;, fm#rdKslFjh yd ineZ|=kq fohla jkjd usi tu jfhdajqoaF:.duS fyhska iuzuY!kh lsrSfuz jsOsl@uhka ksjerosnj ;yjqrelsrSfuys,d usKquz oKavla lr .ekSu idjoHnj nq|=iuh olajhs'

1 w' ks' 1";sl ksmd;h"uydj.a.h ld,du iq;a;"nq'c'uq"377-343 msgq' ud wkqiaifjzkud wkqiaifjzkud wkqiaifjzkud wkqiaifjzk 2 w' ks' 1";sl ksmd;h"uydj.a.h ld,du iq;a;"nq'c'uq"377-343 msgq' ud mruzmrdhud mruzmrdhud mruzmrdhud mruzmrdh 3 tu ud b;slsrdhud b;slsrdhud b;slsrdhud b;slsrdh

tfukau jfhdajqoaF:.duS fyhska iuzuY!kh lsrSfuz l@shdj,sfhysoS msgl iuzmodh(Given in the Scripture) 1mokuzlrf.k tu jfhdajqoaF:.duS fyhska iuzuY!kh lsrSfuz jsOsl@uhka ksjeroshehs ;SrKhlg t<USu ksjeros fkdfjz' f,aLk.;nj hkak wd.usl woyia ixrCIKfhys,d bjy,ajk l@ufjzohla usi tu jfhdajqoaF:.duS fyhska iuzuY!kh lsrSfuz jsOsl@uhka ksjerosnj ;yjqre lsrSfuys,d th usKquz oKavla lr.ekSu nq|=iuh wkqu; fkdlrhs'

tfukau jfhdajqoaF:.duS fyhska iuzuY!kh lsrSfuz l@shdj,sfhysoS ;rAlkh(Logical Implication)2 mokuzlrf.k tu jfhdajqoaF:.duS fyhska iuzuY!kh lsrSfuz jsOsl@uhka ksjeroshehs ;SrKhlg t<USu wfhda.Hh' ;drAlslnj hkak hula ta;a; .ekajSfuz ls@hdj,sfhysoS Bg wdOdr WmldrSjk woyia yd jfhdajqoaF:.duS fyhska iuzuY!kh lsrSfuz jsOsl@uhka bosrsm;a lsrSfuz jsOsl@uhla jkjd yefrkakg tlS woyia yd jfhdajqoaF:.duS fyhska iuzuY!kh lsrSfuz jsOsl@uhka ksjerosnj ;yjqrelsrSfuys,d th usKquz oZvqjla lr.ekSu nq|=iuh wkqu; fkdlrhs'

tfukau jfhdajqoaF:.duS fyhska iuzuY!kh lsrSfuz l@shdj,sfhysoS kHdhdkQidrSjSu(Nomalogical)3 mokuz lrf.k tu jfhdajqoaF:.duS fyhska iuzuY!kh lsrSfuz jsOsl@uhka ksjeros hehs ;SrKhlg t<USu wfhda.Hh' kHdkQidrSjSu hkak hula fuz whqrska jfhdajqoaF:.duS fyhska iuzuY!kh lsrSu l< hq;hehs ks.ukhla ,ndoS ;snqKq l@shdoduhlgu wkq.;j tu jfhdajqoaF:.duS fyhska iuzuY!kh lsrSu is|=lrkjd yefrkakg jspdrmQrAjl jSfuys lsis|= bvlvla ta ;,ska fkdiemfha tfukau taksid th mdol fldgf.k tlS jfhdajqoaF:.duS fyhska iuzuY!kh lsrSfuz jsOsl@uhkays ksjerosnj ;yjqre lsrSfuys,d th tlu usKquz oKavla lr.ekSu nq|=iuh wkqu; fkdlrhs'

tfukau jfhdajqoaF:.duS fyhska iuzuY!kh lsrSfuz l@shdj,sfhaoS huz fohla jkafka fuz whqrska hehs(wdldr mrsjs;rAlh Diversification of Thought)4 ;ukaf.a mQj!ixl,amkhka mdol fldgf.k tu jfhdajqoaF:.duS fyhska iuzuY!kh lsrSfuz jsOsl@uhka ms<snZoj ksjeros ;SrKhlg t<USu wfhda.Hnj nq|=iuh fmkajdfohs' idys;HOrhka l,dlrejka ;u ksu!dK jia;nSc iZoyd fnfyjska fuu mQj!ixl,amkd Ndjs;dlr;s tksid mQj!ixl,amhkhka lsishuz ksu!dKd;aul lghq;a;lg yerekqfldg jfhdajqoaF:.duS fyhska iuzuY!kh lsrSfuz jsOsl@uhka jeks jsoHd;aul js.@yhkag t<Ushhq; wjia:dj,oS Ndjs;dlsrSu wfhda.Hh'

tfukau jfhdajqoaF:.duS fyhska iuzuY!kh lsrSfuz l@shdj,sfhysoS jsh yelsnj fyj;a iuzNdjs;dj(NjH;dj Potentity)5 mdollrf.k tu jfhdajqoaF:.duS fyhska iuzuY!kh lsrSfuz jsOsl@uhka ms<snZoj ksjeros ;SrKhlg t<USu wfhda.Hnj nq|=iuh fmkajdfohs' iuzNdjs;dj jkdyS lsishuz wkqudkhls tlS wkqudkhg mdollr.kafka tu lreKg iudk fjk;a mQj!w;aoelSuzh jsh yelsnj fyda fkdjshyels nj ;SrKh flfrkafka wjsksYaps; ;;ajhla mokuzlrf.k ksid fuz uZ.ska h:drA:jdoS wjfndaOhlalrd .ukal< fkdyelsnj nq|=iuh mjihs' ksYaps;jQ jfhdajqoaF:.duS fyhska iuzuY!kh lsrSfuz jsOsl@uhka;, wjsksYaps; iajNdjhla ;snsh fkdyelsnejska nq|=iuh fuu ;;ajh h:drA:jdoS jfhdajqoaF:.duS fyhska iuzuY!kh lsrSfuz jsOsl@uhkag ndOdldrSjkakla f,i fmkajdoS we;'

1 tu ud msgl iuzmodfkakud msgl iuzmodfkakud msgl iuzmodfkakud msgl iuzmodfkak 2 tu ud ;lal fya;`ud ;lal fya;`ud ;lal fya;`ud ;lal fya;` 3 tu ud kh fya;`ud kh fya;`ud kh fya;`ud kh fya;` 4 w' ks' 1";sl ksmd;h"uydj.a.h ld,du iq;a;"nq'c'uq"377-343 msgq' ud wdldr mrsjs;laflakud wdldr mrsjs;laflakud wdldr mrsjs;laflakud wdldr mrsjs;laflak 5 tu ud NnznrEm;dhud NnznrEm;dhud NnznrEm;dhud NnznrEm;dh

tfukau jfhdajqoaF:.duS fyhska iuzuY!kh lsrSfuz l@shdj,sfhysoS lshkq,nkakd fyj;a .rejrhdf.a jpkh u;u t<US (iufKd fkd .re Cousultations of Preceptor)1 lsis|= pspdrmQj!l wdl,amhlska f;drj ks.ukj,g t<USu wfhda.Hnj nq|=iuh fmkajdfohs' .rejrhdf.a jpkhg ieuod ieufoku .rel< hq;h' tams<snZoj lsis|= lsis|= jsjdohla ;snsh fkdyel kuq;a fuys wvqmdvqj jkafka .rejrhdf.a jpkh YsIHhd fld;ruz wjfndaOfhka hq;j ms<smoskjdo hk ldrkhhs' jspdrmQj!lNdjfha jeo.;alu biau;jkafka fukak fuz ia:dkfhaoShs' we;euzjsg jfhdajqoaF:.duS fyhska iuzuY!kh lsrSfuz jsOsl@uhka b.ekajSuz l@shdj,sfhysoS fjfyi wu;ljSuz jeks fya;ksid .rejrhdg huzhuz w;miqjSuz we;sjsh yelsh tjsg uekjska ijka fok YsIHhdf.a hq;lujkafka ffu;@Siy.;j yd f.#rjmQrAjlj .rejrhdg tu ia:dk fmkajdoSuhs uyd j.a.md,sfha j;a;laLJOlfhoS wdpdrAh WmdOHdh yd ioaOsjsydrsl j;aj,oS nq|=r|=ka fuz lreKq uekjska jsia;rlr oS ;sfnz'

tfukau jfhdajqoaF:.duS fyhska iuzuY!kh lsrSfuz l@shdj,sfhysoS by; olajd we;s lreKq kjfh(9)ka uki wdjrKhlr.ksuska oDIaGs.;slj(osgzGs kscACOdklaLka;s Cousultations of Preceptor)2 tu wikq,nk foa ms<snZo ks.ukj,g meusKSu nq|=iuh fhda.Hhehs wkqu; fkdlrhs' oDIaGSka .@KhlsrSu hkq udkisl jsjD;Ndjh rys; ;;ajhls' nqoaOs jO!kh msksi th Wmldrj;a fkdfjz nqoaOs jO!kh is|=jkqfha jsjD;udkis; miq;,hla;,oSh' nq|=kajykafiaf.a jfhdajqoaF:.duS fyhska iuzuY!kh lsrSfuz jsOsl@uhka Y@jKhlr fndfydafofkl Ou!djfndaOh ,nd ud.!M, mila lr.kq ,enQfha Wkajykafiaf.a jfhdajqoaF:.duS fyhska iuzuY!kh lsrSfuz jsOsl@uhka Y@jKh l< wh;< lsis|= wdldrfha oDIagshla we;sjSug lsis|= bvla fkd;nd jfhdajqoaF:.duS fyhska iuzuY!kh lsrSfuz l@shdj,sh werUSug fmr Tjqka;, ;snQ oDIaGSkao myj hk wdldrfhkaa ;u jfhdajqoaF:.duS fyhska iuzuY!kh lsrSfuz jsOsl@uhka Tjqkag Y@jKh jkakg ie,eiajQ nejsks'

3 wdydr fyhska jsoY!kd lrkakd

iqys; ld,fhys mej;s rEmfhda CIqOd|=%Lfhka mSvs; wjia:djg fkdmeusK ta ta ;eku ksreoaO fj;s CIqOd|=%Lfhka mSvs;djia:dfhys mej;s rEmfhda iqys; ld,hg fkdmeusK ta ta ;eku ksreoaO fj;s' b;s nejskawks;Hh |=%Lh wkd;auh hhs wdydrc rEm jYfhka fufkys lrkafka wdydr fyhska fufkys lrkakd kuz fjz'

oijsO jQ pska;kuh wOsldrhka j,ska f;drjQ ps;a; ixl,amhka jO!kh lsrSu ;,ska wdydr fyhska jsorAYkd lsrSug yelsnj ld,du iQ;@h wkqj meyeos,sfjz'

wkqY@jh (Report)3 uZ.ska ,nd.kakd wdydr fyhska jsorAYkd lsrSfuz jsOsl@uh ms<snZo oekqu ;yjqre jSug kuz ;ukao th Ndjs;hg f.k jsuidn,d tu oekqu ;ukaf.a njg tkuz ;od;auShlKhlg Ndckhlr.; hq;h' tfia fkdjkakdjQ wdydr fyhska jsorAYkd lsrSfuz jsOsl@uh fyj;a weiSuz wkqY@jh ud;@fldgf.k muKla tys ksjerosNdjh ukskq,nkafkkuz th ksjeros wdydr fyhska jsorAYkd lsrSfuz l@shdj,shla fkdjk nj nq|=iuh mjihs'

1 tu ud iufKda fkda .rE;sud iufKda fkda .rE;sud iufKda fkda .rE;sud iufKda fkda .rE;s 2 w' ks' 1";sl ksmd;h"uydj.a.h ld,du iq;a;"nq'c'uq"377-343 msgq' ud ud ud ud osgzGs kscACOdklaLka;shdosgzGs kscACOdklaLka;shdosgzGs kscACOdklaLka;shdosgzGs kscACOdklaLka;shd 3 tu ud wkqiaifjzkud wkqiaifjzkud wkqiaifjzkud wkqiaifjzk

tfukau wdydr fyhska jsorAYkd lsrSfuz l@shdj,sfhaoS mdruzmrslNdjh(mruzmrdh Tradition)1 mokuzlrf.k tu wdydr fyhska jsorAYkd lsrSfuz jsOsl@uh ksjeroshehs ;SrKhlg t<USu ksjeros fkdfjz' n@dyauKhkaf.a fjzoh iuznJOfhkao Tjqka yqjd olajkafka tu weiSuz mdruzmrsljk nejska tajs ksrjoHjk njhs' mrmqfrys meusKsh;a tu Y@jKhka mokuz jS we;af;a i;H milalsrSug jvd ;u;ukaf.a wd.usl wrA:oelajSuz yqjd oelajSug jk nejska tajd ksjeros wdydr fyhska jsorAYkd lsrSfuz jsOsl@uh fkdfjz'

tfukau wdydr fyhska jsorAYkd lsrSfuz l@shdj,sfhaoS fufia fmrlshd ;sfnzhkak(b;slsrdh Prologue ; Presuppose)2 mokuzlr f.k tu wdydr fyhska jsorAYkd lsrSfuz jsOsl@uh

ksjeroshehs ;SrKhlg t<USu ksjeros fkdfjz' fmrlshd ;snqkqnj hkak wdydr fyhska jsorAYkd lsrSfuz l@shdj,sh ;, fm#rdKslFjh yd ineZ|=kq fohla jkjd usi tu wdydr fyhska jsorAYkd lsrSfuz jsOsl@uh ksjerosnj ;yjqrelsrSfuys,d usKquz oKavla lr .ekSu idjoHnj nq|=iuh olajhs'

tfukau wdydr fyhska jsorAYkd lsrSfuz l@shdj,sfhysoS msgl iuzmodh(Given in the Scripture)3 mokuzlrf.k tu wdydr fyhska jsorAYkd lsrSfuz jsOsl@uh ksjeroshehs ;SrKhlg t<USu ksjeros fkdfjz' f,aLk.;nj hkak wd.usl woyia ixrCIKfhys,d bjy,ajk l@ufjzohla usi tu wdydr fyhska jsorAYkd lsrSfuz jsOsl@uh ksjerosnj ;yjqrelsrSfuys,d th usKquz oKavla lr.ekSu nq|=iuh wkqu; fkdlrhs'

tfukau wdydr fyhska jsorAYkd lsrSfuz l@shdj,sfhysoS ;rAlkh(Logical Implication)4 mokuzlrf.k tu wdydr fyhska jsorAYkd lsrSfuz jsOsl@uh ksjeroshehs ;SrKhlg t<USu wfhda.Hh ;drAlslnj hkak hula ta;a; .ekajSfuz ls@hdj,sfhysoS Bg wdOdr WmldrSjk woyia yd wdydr fyhska jsorAYkd lsrSfuz jsOsl@uh bosrsm;a lsrSfuz jsOsl@uhla jkjd yefrkakg tlS woyia yd wdydr fyhska jsorAYkd lsrSfuz jsOsl@uh ksjerosnj ;yjqrelsrSfuys,d th usKquz oZvqjla lr.ekSu nq|=iuh wkqu; fkdlrhs'

tfukau wdydr fyhska jsorAYkd lsrSfuz l@shdj,sfhysoS kHdhdkQidrSjSu(Nomalogical)5 mokuz lrf.k tu wdydr fyhska jsorAYkd lsrSfuz jsOsl@uh ksjeros hehs ;SrKhlg t<USu wfhda.Hh' kHdkQidrSjSu hkak hula fuz whqrska wdydr fyhska jsorAYkd lsrSu l< hq;hehs ks.ukhla ,ndoS ;snqKq l@shdoduhlgu wkq.;j tu wdydr fyhska jsorAYkd lsrSu is|=lrkjd yefrkakg jspdr mQrAjl jSfuys lsis|= bvlvla ta ;,ska fkdiemfha tfukau taksid th mdol fldgf.k tlS wdydr fyhska jsorAYkd lsrSfuz jsOsl@ufhys ksjerosnj ;yjqre lsrSfuys,d th tlu usKquz oKavla lr.ekSu nq|=iuh wkqu; fkdlrhs'

tfukau wdydr fyhska jsorAYkd lsrSfuz l@shdj,sfhaoS huz fohla jkafka fuz whqrska hehs(wdldr mrsjs;rAlh Diversification of Thought)6 ;ukaf.a mQj!ixl,amkhka mdol fldgf.k tu wikq,nk foh ms<snZoj ksjeros ;SrKhlg t<USu wfhda.Hnj nq|=iuh fmkajdfohs' idys;HOrhka l,dlrejka ;u ksu!dK jia;nSc iZoyd fnfyjska fuu 1 tu ud mruzmrdhud mruzmrdhud mruzmrdhud mruzmrdh 2 tu ud b;slsrdhud b;slsrdhud b;slsrdhud b;slsrdh 3 w' ks' 1";sl ksmd;h"uydj.a.h ld,du iq;a;"nq'c'uq"377-343 msgq' ud msgl iuzmodfkakud msgl iuzmodfkakud msgl iuzmodfkakud msgl iuzmodfkak 4 tu ud ;lal fya;`ud ;lal fya;`ud ;lal fya;`ud ;lal fya;` 5 tu ud kh fya;`ud kh fya;`ud kh fya;`ud kh fya;` 6 tu ud wdldr mrsjs;laflakud wdldr mrsjs;laflakud wdldr mrsjs;laflakud wdldr mrsjs;laflak

mQj!ixl,amkd Ndjs;dlr;s tksid mQj!ixl,amhkhka lsishuz ksu!dKd;aul lghq;a;lg yerekqfldg wdydr fyhska jsorAYkd lsrSfuz jsOsl@uh jeks jsoHd;aul js.@yhkag t<Ushhq; wjia:dj,oS Ndjs;dlsrSu wfhda.Hh'

tfukau wdydr fyhska jsorAYkd lsrSfuz l@shdj,sfhysoS jsh yelsnj fyj;a iuzNdjs;dj(NjH;dj Potentity)1 mdollrf.k tu wdydr fyhska jsorAYkd lsrSfuz jsOsl@uh ms<snZoj ksjeros ;SrKhlg t<USu wfhda.Hnj nq|=iuh fmkajdfohs' iuzNdjs;dj jkdyS lsishuz wkqudkhls tlS wkqudkhg mdollr.kafka tu lreKg iudk fjk;a mQj!w;aoelSuzh jsh yelsnj fyda fkdjshyels nj ;SrKh flfrkafka wjsksYaps; ;;ajhla mokuzlrf.k ksid fuz uZ.ska h:drA:jdoS wjfndaOhlalrd .ukal< fkdyelsnj nq|=iuh mjihs' ksYaps;jQ wdydr fyhska jsorAYkd lsrSfuz jsOsl@uh;, wjsksYaps; iajNdjhla ;snsh fkdyelsnejska nq|=iuh fuu ;;ajh h:drA:jdoS wdydr fyhska jsorAYkd lsrSfuz jsOsl@uhg ndOdldrSjkakla f,i fmkajdoS we;'

tfukau wdydr fyhska jsorAYkd lsrSfuz l@shdj,sfhysoS lshkq,nkakd fyj;a .rejrhdf.a jpkh u;u t<US (iufKd fkd .re Cousultations of Preceptor)2 lsis|= pspdrmQj!l wdl,amhlska f;drj ks.ukj,g t<USu wfhda.Hnj nq|=iuh fmkajdfohs .rejrhdf.a jpkhg ieuod ieufoku .rel< hq;h tams<snZoj lsis|= lsis|= jsjdohla ;snsh fkdyel' kuq;a fuys wvqmdvqj jkafka .rejrhdf.a jpkh YsIHhd fld;ruz wjfndaOfhka hq;j ms<smoskjdo hk ldrkhhs' jspdrmQj!l Ndjfha jeo.;alu biau;jkafka fukak fuz ia:dkfhaoShs we;euzjsg wdydr fyhska jsorAYkd lsrSu b.ekajSfuz l@shdj,sfhysoS fjfyi wu;ljSuz jeks fya;ksid .rejrhdg huzhuz w;miqjSuz we;sjsh yelsh' tjsg uekjska ijka fok YsIHhdf.a hq;lujkafka ffu;@Siy.;j yd f.#rjmQrAjlj .rejrhdg tu ia:dk fmkajdoSuhs uyd j.a.md,sfha j;a;laLJOlfhoS wdpdrAh WmdOHdh yd ioaOsjsydrsl j;aj,oS nq|=r|=ka fuz lreKq uekjska jsia;rlr oS ;sfnz'

tfukau wdydr fyhska jsorAYkd lsrSfuz l@shdj,sfhysoS by; olajd we;s lreKq kjfh(9)ka uki wdjrKhlr.ksuska oDIaGs.;slj(osgzGs kscACOdklaLka;s Cousultations of Preceptor)3 tu wikq,nk foa ms<snZo ks.ukj,g meusKSu nq|=iuh fhda.Hhehs wkqu; fkdlrhs' oDIaGSka .@KhlsrSu hkq udkisl jsjD;Ndjh rys; ;;ajhls' nqoaOs jO!kh msksi th Wmldrj;a fkdfjz nqoaOs jO!kh is|=jkqfha jsjD;udkis; miq;,hla;,oSh.nq|=kajykafiaf.a wdydr fyhska jsorAYkd lsrSfuz jsOsl@uh Y@jKhlr fndfydafofkl Ou!djfndaOh ,nd ud.!M, mila lr.kq ,enQfha Wkajykafiaf.a wdydr fyhska jsorAYkd lsrSfuz jsOsl@uh Y@jKh l< wh;< lsis|= wdldrfha oDIagshla we;sjSug lsis|= bvla fkd;nd wdydr fyhska jsorAYkd lsrSfuz l@shdj,sh werUSug fmr Tjqka;, ;snQ oDIaGSkao myj hk wdldrfhkaa ;u wdydr fyhska jsorAYkd lsrSfuz jsOsl@uh Tjqkag Y@jKh jkakg ie,eiajQ nejsks'

4 iD; fyhska jsoY!kd lrkakd

YS; ld,fhys meje;s rEmfhda WIaK ld,hg fkdmeusK yqKql, meje;s rEmfhda isys,a ld,hg fkdmeusK tl,aysu ksreoaO fj;shs iD; iuqgzGdk jYfhka fufkys lrkafka iD;` fyhska fufkys lrkakd kuzfjz'

1 tu ud NnznrEm;dhud NnznrEm;dhud NnznrEm;dhud NnznrEm;dh 2 w' ks' 1";sl ksmd;h"uydj.a.h ld,du iq;a;"nq'c'uq"377-343 msgq' ud iufKda fkda .rE;sud iufKda fkda .rE;sud iufKda fkda .rE;sud iufKda fkda .rE;s 3 tu ud osgzGs kscACOdklaLka;shdud osgzGs kscACOdklaLka;shdud osgzGs kscACOdklaLka;shdud osgzGs kscACOdklaLka;shd

oijsO jQ pska;kuh wOsldrhka j,ska f;drjQ ps;a; ixl,amhka jO!kh lsrSu ;,ska iD;` fyhska jsorAYkd lsrSug yelsnj ld,du iQ;@h wkqj meyeos,sfjz'

wkqY@jh (Report)1 uZ.ska ,nd.kakd iD; fyhska jsorAYkd lsrSfuz jsOsl@uhka ms<snZo oekqu ;yjqre jSug kuz ;ukao th Ndjs;hg f.k jsuidn,d tu oekqu ;ukaf.a njg tkuz ;od;auShlKhlg Ndckhlr.; hq;h tfia fkdjkakdjQ iD; fyhska jsorAYkd lsrSfuz jsOsl@uhka

fyj;a weiSuz wkqY@jh ud;@fldgf.k muKla tys ksjerosNdjh ukskq,nkafkkuz th ksjeros iD; fyhska jsorAYkd lsrSfuz l@shdj,shla fkdjk nj nq|=iuh mjihs'

tfukau iD; fyhska jsorAYkd lsrSfuz l@shdj,sfhaoS mdruzmrslNdjh(mruzmrdh Tradition)2 mokuzlrf.k tu iD; fyhska jsorAYkd lsrSfuz jsOsl@uhka ksjeroshehs ;SrKhlg t<USu ksjeros fkdfjz n@dyauKhkaf.a fjzoh iuznJOfhkao Tjqka yqjd olajkafka tu iD; fyhska jsorAYkd lsrSfuz jsOsl@uhka mdruzmrsljk nejska tajd ksrjoHjk njhs' mrmqfrys meusKsh;a tu iD; fyhska jsorAYkd lsrSfuz jsOsl@uhka mokuz jS we;af;a i;H milalsrSug jvd ;u;ukaf.a wd.usl wrA:oelajSuz yqjd oelajSug jk nejska tajd ksjeros iD; fyhska jsorAYkd lsrSfuz jsOsl@uhka fkdfjz'

tfukau iD; fyhska jsorAYkd lsrSfuz l@shdj,sfhaoS fufia fmrlshd ;sfnzhkak(b;slsrdh Prologue ; Presuppose)3 mokuzlr f.k tu iD; fyhska jsorAYkd lsrSfuz jsOsl@uhka ksjeroshehs ;SrKhlg t<USu ksjeros fkdfjz' fmrlshd ;snqkqnj hkak iD; fyhska jsorAYkd lsrSfuzl@shdj,sh ;, fm#rdKslFjh yd ineZ|=kq fohla jkjd usi tu iD; fyhska jsorAYkd lsrSfuz jsOsl@uhka ksjerosnj ;yjqrelsrSfuys,d usKquz oKavla lr .ekSu idjoHnj nq|=iuh olajhs'

tfukau iD; fyhska jsorAYkd lsrSfuz l@shdj,sfhysoS msgl iuzmodh(Given in the Scripture)4 mokuzlrf.k tu iD; fyhska jsorAYkd lsrSfuz jsOsl@uhka ksjeroshehs ;SrKhlg t<USu ksjeros fkdfjz f,aLk.;nj hkak wd.usl woyia ixrCIKfhys,d bjy,ajk l@ufjzohla usi tu iD; fyhska jsorAYkd lsrSfuz jsOsl@uhka ksjerosnj ;yjqrelsrSfuys,d th usKquz oKavla lr.ekSu nq|=iuh wkqu; fkdlrhs'

tfukau iD; fyhska jsorAYkd lsrSfuz l@shdj,sfhysoS ;rAlkh(Logical Implication)5 mokuzlrf.k tu iD; fyhska jsorAYkd lsrSfuz jsOsl@uhka ksjeroshehs ;SrKhlg t<USu wfhda.Hh' ;drAlslnj hkak hula ta;a; .ekajSfuz ls@hdj,sfhysoS Bg wdOdr WmldrSjk woyia yd iD; fyhska jsorAYkd lsrSfuz jsOsl@uhka bosrsm;a lsrSfuz jsOsl@uhla jkjd yefrkakg tlS woyia yd iD; fyhska jsorAYkd lsrSfuz jsOsl@uhka ksjerosnj ;yjqrelsrSfuys,d th usKquz oZvqjla lr.ekSu nq|=iuh wkqu; fkdlrhs'

1 tu ud wkqiaifjzkud wkqiaifjzkud wkqiaifjzkud wkqiaifjzk 2 w' ks' 1";sl ksmd;h"uydj.a.h ld,du iq;a;"nq'c'uq"377-343 msgq' ud mruzmrdhud mruzmrdhud mruzmrdhud mruzmrdh 3 tu ud b;slsrdhud b;slsrdhud b;slsrdhud b;slsrdh 4 tu ud msgl iuzmodfkakud msgl iuzmodfkakud msgl iuzmodfkakud msgl iuzmodfkak 5 tu ud ;lal fya;`ud ;lal fya;`ud ;lal fya;`ud ;lal fya;`

tfukau iD; fyhska jsorAYkd lsrSfuz l@shdj,sfhysoS kHdhdkQidrSjSu(Nomalogical)1 mokuz lrf.k tu wikq,nk foh ksjeros hehs ;SrKhlg t<USu wfhda.Hh' kHdkQidrSjSu hkak hula fuz whqrska iD; fyhska jsorAYkd lsrSul< hq;hehs ks.ukhla ,ndoS ;snqKq l@shdoduhlgu wkq.;j tu iD; fyhska jsorAYkd lsrSu is|=lrkjd yefrkakg jspdrmQrAjl jSfuys lsis|= bvlvla ta ;,ska fkdiemfha' tfukau taksid th mdol fldgf.k tlS iD; fyhska jsorAYkd lsrSfuz jsOsl@uhkays ksjerosnj ;yjqre lsrSfuys,d th tlu usKquz oKavla lr.ekSu nq|=iuh wkqu; fkdlrhs'

tfukau iD; fyhska jsorAYkd lsrSfuz l@shdj,sfhaoS huz fohla jkafka fuz whqrska hehs(wdldr mrsjs;rAlh Diversification of Thought)2 ;ukaf.a mQj!ixl,amkhka mdol fldgf.k tu iD; fyhska jsorAYkd lsrSfuz jsOsl@uhka ms<snZoj ksjeros ;SrKhlg t<USu wfhda.Hnj nq|=iuh fmkajdfohs' idys;HOrhka l,dlrejka ;u ksu!dK jia;nSc iZoyd fnfyjska fuu mQj!ixl,amkd Ndjs;dlr;s' tksid mQj!ixl,amhkhka lsishuz ksu!dKd;aul lghq;a;lg yerekqfldg iD; fyhska jsorAYkdlsrSfuz jsOsl@uhka jeks jsoHd;aul js.@yhkag t<Ushhq; wjia:dj,oS Ndjs;dlsrSu wfhda.Hh'

tfukau iD; fyhska jsorAYkd lsrSfuz l@shdj,sfhysoS jsh yelsnj fyj;a iuzNdjs;dj(NjH;dj Potentity)3 mdollrf.k tu iD; fyhska jsorAYkd lsrSfuz jsOsl@uhka ms<snZoj ksjeros ;SrKhlg t<USu wfhda.Hnj nq|=iuh fmkajdfohs' iuzNdjs;dj jkdyS lsishuz wkqudkhls' tlS wkqudkhg mdollr.kafka tu lreKg iudk fjk;a mQj!w;aoelSuzh jsh yelsnj fyda fkdjshyels nj ;SrKh flfrkafka wjsksYaps; ;;ajhla mokuzlrf.k ksid fuz uZ.ska h:drA:jdoS wjfndaOhlalrd .ukal< fkdyelsnj nq|=iuh mjihs' ksYaps;jQ iD; fyhska jsorAYkd lsrSfuz jsOsl@uhka;, wjsksYaps; iajNdjhla ;snsh fkdyelsnejska nq|=iuh fuu ;;ajh h:drA:jdoS iD; fyhska jsorAYkd lsrSfuz jsOsl@uhkag ndOdldrSjkakla f,i fmkajdoS we;'

tfukau iD; fyhska jsorAYkd lsrSfuz l@shdj,sfhysoS lshkq,nkakd fyj;a .rejrhdf.a jpkh u;u t<US (iufKd fkd .re Cousultations of Preceptor)4 lsis|= pspdrmQj!l wdl,amhlska f;drj ks.ukj,g t<USu wfhda.Hnj nq|=iuh fmkajdfohs' .rejrhdf.a jpkhg ieuod ieufoku .rel< hq;h' tams<snZoj lsis|= lsis|= jsjdohla ;snsh fkdyel' kuq;a fuys wvqmdvqj jkafka .rejrhdf.a jpkh YsIHhd fld;ruz wjfndaOfhka hq;j ms<smoskjdo hk ldrkhhs' jspdrmQj!l Ndjfha jeo.;alu biau;jkafka fukak fuz ia:dkfhaoShs' we;euzjsg iD; fyhska jsorAYkd lsrSfuz jsOsl@uhka b.ekajSfuz l@shdj,sfhysoS fjfyi wu;ljSuz jeks fya;ksid .rejrhdg huzhuz w;miqjSuz we;sjsh yelsh'tjsg uekjska ijka fok YsIHhdf.a hq;lujkafka ffu;@Siy.;j yd f.#rjmQrAjlj .rejrhdg tu ia:dk fmkajdoSuhs' uyd j.a.md,sfha j;a;laLJOlfhoS wdpdrAh WmdOHdh yd ioaOsjsydrsl j;aj,oS nq|=r|=ka fuz lreKq uekjska jsia;rlr oS ;sfnz'

tfukau iD; fyhska jsorAYkd lsrSfuz l@shdj,sfhysoS by; olajd we;s lreKq kjfh(9)ka uki wdjrKhlr.ksuska oDIaGs.;slj(osgzGs kscACOdklaLka;s Cousultations of Preceptor)5 tu iD; fyhska jsorAYkd lsrSfuz jsOsl@uhka ms<snZo ks.ukj,g meusKSu nq|=iuh fhda.Hhehs wkqu; fkdlrhs' oDIaGSka .@KhlsrSu hkq udkisl jsjD;Ndjh rys; ;;ajhls' nqoaOs jO!kh msksi th Wmldrj;a fkdfjz' nqoaOs jO!kh is|=jkqfha jsjD;udkis; miq;,hla;,oSh'

1 tu ud kh fya;`ud kh fya;`ud kh fya;`ud kh fya;` 2 w' ks' 1";sl ksmd;h"uydj.a.h ld,du iq;a;"nq'c'uq"377-343 msgq' ud wdldr mrsjs;laflakud wdldr mrsjs;laflakud wdldr mrsjs;laflakud wdldr mrsjs;laflak 3 tu ud NnznrEm;dhud NnznrEm;dhud NnznrEm;dhud NnznrEm;dh 4 tu ud iufKda fkda .rE;sud iufKda fkda .rE;sud iufKda fkda .rE;sud iufKda fkda .rE;s 5 tu ud osgzGs kscACOdklaLka;shdud osgzGs kscACOdklaLka;shdud osgzGs kscACOdklaLka;shdud osgzGs kscACOdklaLka;shd

nq|=kajykafiaf.a Ou! iD; fyhska jsorAYkd lsrSfuz jsOsl@uhka Y@jKhlr fndfydafofkl Ou!djfndaOh ,nd ud.!M, mila lr.kq ,enQfha Wkajykafiaf.a iD; fyhska jsorAYkd lsrSfuz jsOsl@uhka Y@jKh l< wh;< lsis|= wdldrfha oDIagshla we;sjSug lsis|= bvla fkd;nd iD;` fyhska jsorAYkd lsrSfuz l@shdj,sh werUSug fmr Tjqka;, ;snQ oDIaGSkao myj hk wdldrfhkaa ;u iD; fyhska jsorAYkd lsrSfuz jsOsl@uhka Tjqkag Y@jKh jkakg ie,eiajQ nejsks'

5 lu! fyhska jsoY!kd lrkakd

pCIqoajdrfhys mej;s lu!c rEmfhda wksla ;eklg fkdf.dia t;eku ksreoaO fj;s fYd;@ >dk csjzyd ldh oajdr yDohjia;fhys mej;s lu!c rEmfhda Tnzng fkdf.dia ta ta ;eku ksreoaO fj;s b;s nejska wks;Hh hkdoSka lu! fyhska fufkys lrkakd kuz fjz'

oijsO jQ pska;kuh wOsldrhka j,ska f;drjQ ps;a; ixl,amhka jO!kh lsrSu ;,ska lu! fyhska jsorAYkd lsrSug yelsnj ld,du iQ;@h wkqj meyeos,sfjz'

wkqY@jh (Report)1 uZ.ska ,nd.kakd lu! fyhska jsorAYkd lsrSfuz jsOsl@uhka ms<snZo oekqu ;yjqre jSug kuz ;ukao th Ndjs;hg f.k jsuidn,d tu oekqu ;ukaf.a njg tkuz ;od;auShlKhlg Ndckhlr.; hq;h tfia fkdjkakdjQ lu! fyhska jsorAYkd lsrSfuz jsOsl@uhka fyj;a weiSuz wkqY@jh ud;@fldgf.k muKla tys ksjerosNdjh ukskq,nkafkkuz th ksjero lu! fyhska jsorAYkd lsrSfuz l@shdj,shla fkdjk nj nq|=iuh mjihs'

tfukau lu! fyhska jsorAYkd lsrSfuz l@shdj,sfhaoS mdruzmrslNdjh(mruzmrdh Tradition)2 mokuzlrf.k tu lu! fyhska jsorAYkd lsrSfuz jsOsl@uhka ksjeroshehs ;SrKhlg t<USu ksjeros fkdfjz n@dyauKhkaf.a fjzoh iuznJOfhkao Tjqka yqjd olajkafka tu lu! fyhska jsorAYkd lsrSfuz jsOsl@uhka mdruzmrsljk nejska tajd ksrjoHjk njhs mrmqfrys meusKsh;a tu lu! fyhska jsorAYkd lsrSfuz jsOsl@uhka mokuz jS we;af;a i;H milalsrSug jvd ;u;ukaf.a wd.usl wrA:oelajSuz yqjd oelajSug jk nejska tajd ksjeros lu! fyhska jsorAYkd lsrSfuz jsOsl@uhka fkdfjz'

tfukau lu! fyhska jsorAYkd lsrSfuz l@shdj,sfhaoS fufia fmrlshd ;sfnzhkak(b;slsrdh Prologue ; Presuppose)3 mokuzlr f.k tu lu! fyhska jsorAYkd lsrSfuz jsOsl@uhka ksjeroshehs ;SrKhlg t<USu ksjeros fkdfjz' fmrlshd ;snqkqnj hkak lu! fyhska jsorAYkd lsrSfuz l@shdj,sh ;, fm#rdKslFjh yd ineZ|=kq fohla jkjd usi tu lu! fyhska jsorAYkd lsrSfuz jsOsl@uhka ksjerosnj ;yjqrelsrSfuys,d usKquz oKavla lr .ekSu idjoHnj nq|=iuh olajhs'

tfukau lu! fyhska jsorAYkd lsrSfuz l@shdj,sfhysoS msgl iuzmodh(Given in the Scripture)4 mokuzlrf.k tu lu! fyhska jsorAYkd lsrSfuz jsOsl@uhka ksjeroshehs ;SrKhlg t<USu ksjeros fkdfjz f,aLk.;nj hkak wd.usl woyia ixrCIKfhys,d bjy,ajk l@ufjzohla usi

1 w' ks' 1";sl ksmd;h"uydj.a.h ld,du iq;a;"nq'c'uq"377-343 msgq' ud wkqiaifjzkud wkqiaifjzkud wkqiaifjzkud wkqiaifjzk 2 tu ud mruzmrdhud mruzmrdhud mruzmrdhud mruzmrdh 3 tu ud b;slsrdhud b;slsrdhud b;slsrdhud b;slsrdh 4 tu ud msgl iuzmodfkakud msgl iuzmodfkakud msgl iuzmodfkakud msgl iuzmodfkak

tu lu! fyhska jsorAYkd lsrSfuz jsOsl@uhka ksjerosnj ;yjqrelsrSfuys,d th usKquz oKavla lr.ekSu nq|=iuh wkqu; fkdlrh's

tfukau lu! fyhska jsorAYkd lsrSfuz l@shdj,sfhysoS ;rAlkh(Logical Implication)1 mokuzlrf.k tu lu! fyhska jsorAYkd lsrSfuz jsOsl@uhka ksjeroshehs ;SrKhlg t<USu wfhda.Hh' ;drAlslnj hkak hula ta;a; .ekajSfuz ls@hdj,sfhysoS Bg wdOdr WmldrSjk woyia yd lu! fyhska jsorAYkd lsrSfuz jsOsl@uhka bosrsm;a lsrSfuz jsOsl@uhla jkjd yefrkakg tlS woyia yd lu! fyhska jsorAYkd lsrSfuz jsOsl@uhka ksjerosnj ;yjqrelsrSfuys,d th usKquz oZvqjla lr.ekSu nq|=iuh wkqu; fkdlrhs'

tfukau lu! fyhska jsorAYkd lsrSfuz l@shdj,sfhysoS kHdhdkQidrSjSu(Nomalogical)2 mokuz lrf.k tu lu! fyhska jsorAYkd lsrSfuz jsOsl@uhka ksjeros hehs ;SrKhlg t<USu wfhda.Hh' kHdkQidrSjSu hkak hula fuz whqrska lu! fyhska jsorAYkd lsrSu l< hq;hehs ks.ukhla ,ndoS ;snqKq l@shdoduhlgu wkq.;j tu lu! fyhska jsorAYkd lsrSu is|=lrkjd yefrkakg jspdrmQrAjl jSfuys lsis|= bvlvla ta ;,ska fkdiemfha' tfukau taksid th mdol fldgf.k tlS lu! fyhska jsorAYkd lsrSfuz jsOsl@uhkays ksjerosnj ;yjqre lsrSfuys,d th tlu usKquz oKavla lr.ekSu nq|=iuh wkqu; fkdlrhs'

tfukau lu! fyhska jsorAYkd lsrSfuz l@shdj,sfhaoS huz fohla jkafka fuz whqrska hehs(wdldr mrsjs;rAlh Diversification of Thought)3 ;ukaf.a mQj!ixl,amkhka mdol fldgf.k tu lu! fyhska jsorAYkd lsrSfuz jsOsl@uhka ms<snZoj ksjeros ;SrKhlg t<USu wfhda.Hnj nq|=iuh fmkajdfohs idys;HOrhka l,dlrejka ;u ksu!dK jia;nSc iZoyd fnfyjska fuu mQj!ixl,amkd Ndjs;dlr;s tksid mQj!ixl,amhkhka lsishuz ksu!dKd;aul lghq;a;lg yerekqfldg lu! fyhska jsorAYkdlsrSfuz jsOsl@uhka jeks jsoHd;aul js.@yhkag t<Ushhq;` wjia:dj,oS Ndjs;dlsrSu wfhda.Hh'

tfukau lu! fyhska jsorAYkd lsrSfuz l@shdj,sfhysoS jsh yelsnj fyj;a iuzNdjs;dj(NjH;dj Potentity)4 mdollrf.k tu lu! fyhska jsorAYkd lsrSfuz jsOsl@uhka ms<snZoj ksjeros ;SrKhlg t<USu wfhda.Hnj nq|=iuh fmkajdfohs' iuzNdjs;dj jkdyS lsishuz wkqudkhls tlS wkqudkhg mdollr.kafka tu lreKg iudk fjk;a mQj!w;aoelSuzh jsh yelsnj fyda fkdjshyels nj ;SrKh flfrkafka wjsksYaps; ;;ajhla mokuzlrf.k ksid fuz uZ.ska h:drA:jdoS wjfndaOhlalrd .ukal< fkdyelsnj nq|=iuh mjihs' ksYaps;jQ lu! fyhska jsorAYkd lsrSfuz jsOsl@uhka;, wjsksYaps; iajNdjhla ;snsh fkdyelsnejska nq|=iuh fuu ;;ajh h:drA:jdoS lu! fyhska jsorAYkd lsrSfuz jsOsl@uhkag ndOdldrSjkakla f,i fmkajdoS we;'

tfukau lu! fyhska jsorAYkd lsrSfuz l@shdj,sfhysoS lshkq,nkakd fyj;a .rejrhdf.a jpkh u;u t<US (iufKd fkd .re Cousultations of Preceptor)5 lsis|= pspdrmQj!l wdl,amhlska f;drj ks.ukj,g t<USu wfhda.Hnj nq|=iuh fmkajdfohs' .rejrhdf.a jpkhg ieuod ieufoku .rel< hq;h' tams<snZoj lsis|= lsis|= jsjdohla ;snsh fkdyel kuq;a fuys wvqmdvqj jkafka .rejrhdf.a jpkh YsIHhd fld;ruz wjfndaOfhka hq;j ms<smoskjdo hk ldrkhhs'

1 w' ks' 1";sl ksmd;h"uydj.a.h ld,du iq;a;"nq'c'uq"377-343 msgq' ud ;lal fya;`ud ;lal fya;`ud ;lal fya;`ud ;lal fya;` 2 tu ud kh fya;`ud kh fya;`ud kh fya;`ud kh fya;` 3 tu ud wdldr ud wdldr ud wdldr ud wdldr mrsjs;laflakmrsjs;laflakmrsjs;laflakmrsjs;laflak 4 tu ud NnznrEm;dhud NnznrEm;dhud NnznrEm;dhud NnznrEm;dh 5 tu ud iufKda fkda .rE;sud iufKda fkda .rE;sud iufKda fkda .rE;sud iufKda fkda .rE;s

jspdrmQj!lNdjfha jeo.;alu biau;jkafka fukak fuz ia:dkfhaoShs' we;euzjsg lu! fyhska jsorAYkd lsrSfuz jsOsl@uhka b.ekajSfuz l@shdj,sfhysoS fjfyi wu;ljSuz jeks fya;ksid .rejrhdg huzhuz w;miqjSuz we;sjsh yelsh' tjsg uekjska ijka fok YsIHhdf.a hq;lujkafka ffu;@Siy.;j yd f.#rjmQrAjlj .rejrhdg tu ia:dk fmkajdoSuhs' uyd j.a.md,sfha j;a;laLJOlfhoS wdpdrAh WmdOHdh yd ioaOsjsydrsl j;aj,oS nq|=r|=ka fuz lreKq uekjska jsia;rlr oS ;sfnz'

tfukau lu! fyhska jsorAYkd lsrSfuz l@shdj,sfhysoS by; olajd we;s lreKq kjfh(9)ka uki wdjrKhlr.ksuska oDIaGs.;sl j(osgzGs kscACOdklaLka;s Cousultations of Preceptor)1 tu lu! fyhska jsorAYkd lsrSfuz jsOsl@uhka ms<snZo ks.ukj,g meusKSu nq|=iuh fhda.Hhehs wkqu; fkdlrhs' oDIaGSka .@KhlsrSu hkq udkisl jsjD;Ndjh rys; ;;ajhls nqoaOs jO!kh msksi th Wmldrj;a fkdfjz nqoaOs jO!kh is|=jkqfha jsjD;udkis; miq;,hla;,oSh' nq|=kajykafiaf.a Ou! lu! fyhska jsorAYkd lsrSfuz jsOsl@uhka Y@jKhlr fndfydafofkl Ou!djfndaOh ,nd ud.!M, mila lr.kq ,enQfha Wkajykafiaf.a lu! fyhska jsorAYkd lsrSfuz jsOsl@uhka Y@jKh l< wh;< lsis|= wdldrfha oDIagshla we;sjSug lsis|= bvla fkd;nd lu! fyhska jsorAYkd lsrSfuz l@shdj,sh werUSug fmr Tjqka;, ;snQ oDIaGSkao myj hk wdldrfhkaa ;u lu! fyhska jsorAYkd lsrSfuz jsOsl@uhka Tjqkag Y@jKh jkakg ie,eiajQ nejsks'

6 ps;a; fyhska jsoY!kd lrkakd

fiduzkia l,ays mej;s rEm foduzkial,g fkdmeusK foduzkial, meje;s rEm fiduzkial,g fkdmeusK t;eku ksreoaO fjhs' ps;a;crEm jYfhka fufkys lrkafka ps;a; fyhska fufkys lrkakd kuz fjz'

oijsO jQ pska;kuh wOsldrhka j,ska f;drjQ ps;a; ixl,amhka jO!kh lsrSu ;,ska ps;a; fyhska jsorAYkd lsrSug yelsnj ld,du iQ;@h wkqj meyeos,sfjz'

wkqY@jh (Report)2 uZ.ska ,nd.kakd ps;a; fyhska jsorAYkd lsrSfuz jsOsl@uhka ms<snZo oekqu ;yjqre jSug kuz ;ukao th Ndjs;hg f.k jsuidn,d tu oekqu ;ukaf.a njg tkuz ;od;auShlr Khlg Ndckhlr.; hq;h' tfia fkdjkakdjQ ps;a; fyhska jsorAYkd lsrSfuz jsOsl@uhka fyj;a weiSuz wkqY@jh ud;@fldgf.k muKla tys ksjerosNdjh ukskq,nkafkkuz th ksjeros ps;a; fyhska jsorAYkd lsrSfuz jsOsl@uhka l@shdj,shla fkdjk nj nq|=iuh mjihs'

tfukau ps;a; fyhska jsorAYkd lsrSfuz l@shdj,sfhaoS mdruzmrslNdjh(mruzmrdh Tradition)3 mokuzlrf.k tu ps;a; fyhska jsorAYkd lsrSfuz jsOsl@uhka ksjeroshehs ;SrKhlg t<USu ksjeros fkdfjz' n@dyauKhkaf.a fjzoh iuznJOfhkao Tjqka yqjd olajkafka tu weiSuz mdruzmrsljk nejska tajd ksrjoHjk njhs mrmqfrys meusKsh;a tu Y@jKhka mokuz jS we;af;a i;H milalsrSug jvd ;u;ukaf.a wd.usl wrA:oelajSuz yqjd oelajSug jk nejska tajd ksjeros ps;a; fyhska jsorAYkd lsrSfuz jsOsl@uhka fkdfjz'

1 w' ks' 1";sl ksmd;h"uydj.a.h ld,du iq;a;"nq'c'uq"377-343 msgq' ud osgzGs kscACOdklaLka;shdud osgzGs kscACOdklaLka;shdud osgzGs kscACOdklaLka;shdud osgzGs kscACOdklaLka;shd 2 tu ud wkqiaifjzkud wkqiaifjzkud wkqiaifjzkud wkqiaifjzk 3 tu ud mruzmrdhud mruzmrdhud mruzmrdhud mruzmrdh

tfukau ps;a; fyhska jsorAYkd lsrSfuz l@shdj,sfhaoS fufia fmrlshd ;sfnzhkak(b;slsrdh Prologue ; Presuppose)1 mokuzlr f.k tu ps;a; fyhska jsorAYkd lsrSfuz jsOsl@uhka ksjeroshehs ;SrKhlg t<USu ksjeros fkdfjz'fmrlshd ;snqkqnj hkak ps;a; fyhska jsorAYkd lsrSfuz l@shdj,sh ;, fm#rdKslFjh yd ineZ|=kq fohla jkjd usi tu ps;a; fyhska jsorAYkd lsrSfuz jsOsl@uhka ksjerosnj ;yjqrelsrSfuys,d usKquz oKavla lr .ekSu idjoHnj nq|=iuh olajhs'

tfukau ps;a; fyhska jsorAYkd lsrSfuz l@shdj,sfhysoS msgl iuzmodh(Given in the Scripture)2 mokuzlrf.k tu ps;a; fyhska jsorAYkd lsrSfuz jsOsl@uhka ksjeroshehs ;SrKhlg t<USu ksjeros fkdfjz'f,aLk.;nj hkak wd.usl woyia ixrCIKfhys,d bjy,ajk l@ufjzohla usi tu ps;a; fyhska jsorAYkd lsrSfuz jsOsl@uhka ksjerosnj ;yjqrelsrSfuys,d th usKquz oKavla lr.ekSu nq|=iuh wkqu; fkdlrhs'

tfukau ps;a; fyhska jsorAYkd lsrSfuz l@shdj,sfhysoS ;rAlkh(Logical Implication)3 mokuzlrf.k tu ps;a; fyhska jsorAYkd lsrSfuz jsOsl@uhka ksjeroshehs ;SrKhlg t<USu wfhda.Hh' ;drAlslnj hkak hula ta;a; .ekajSfuz ls@hdj,sfhysoS Bg wdOdr WmldrSjk woyia yd ps;a; fyhska jsorAYkd lsrSfuz jsOsl@uhka bosrsm;a lsrSfuz jsOsl@uhla jkjd yefrkakg tlS woyia yd ps;a; fyhska jsorAYkd lsrSfuz jsOsl@uhka ksjerosnj ;yjqrelsrSfuys,d th usKquz oZvqjla lr.ekSu nq|=iuh wkqu; fkdlrhs'

tfukau ps;a; fyhska jsorAYkd lsrSfuz l@shdj,sfhysoS kHdhdkQidrSjSu(Nomalogical)4 mokuz lrf.k tu ps;a; fyhska jsorAYkd lsrSfuz jsOsl@uhka ksjeros hehs ;SrKhlg t<USu wfhda.Hh' kHdkQidrSjSu hkak hula fuz whqrska ps;a; fyhska jsorAYkd lsrSu l< hq;hehs ks.ukhla ,ndoS ;snqKq l@shdoduhlgu wkq.;j tu ps;a; fyhska jsorAYkd lsrSu is|=lrkjd yefrkakg jspdrmQrAjl jSfuys lsis|= bvlvla ta ;,ska fkdiemfha' tfukau taksid th mdol fldgf.k tlS ps;a; fyhska jsorAYkd lsrSfuz jsOsl@uhkays ksjerosnj ;yjqre lsrSfuys,d th tlu usKquz oKavla lr.ekSu nq|=iuh wkqu; fkdlrhs'

tfukau ps;a; fyhska jsorAYkd lsrSfuz l@shdj,sfhaoS huz fohla jkafka fuz whqrska hehs(wdldr mrsjs;rAlh Diversification of Thought)5 ;ukaf.a mQj!ixl,amkhka mdol fldgf.k tu ps;a; fyhska jsorAYkd lsrSfuz jsOsl@uhka ms<snZoj ksjeros ;SrKhlg t<USu wfhda.Hnj nq|=iuh fmkajdfohs' idys;HOrhka l,dlrejka ;u ksu!dK jia;nSc iZoyd fnfyjska fuu mQj!ixl,amkd Ndjs;dlr;s tksid mQj!ixl,amhkhka lsishuz ksu!dKd;aul lghq;a;lg yerekqfldg ps;a; fyhska jsorAYkd lsrSfuz jsOsl@uhka jeks jsoHd;aul js.@yhkag t<Ushhq; wjia:dj,oS Ndjs;dlsrSu wfhda.Hh'

tfukau ps;a; fyhska jsorAYkd lsrSfuz l@shdj,sfhysoS jsh yelsnj fyj;a iuzNdjs;dj(NjH;dj Potentity)6 mdollrf.k tu ps;a; fyhska jsorAYkd lsrSfuz jsOsl@uhka ms<snZoj ksjeros ;SrKhlg t<USu wfhda.Hnj nq|=iuh fmkajdfohs' iuzNdjs;dj jkdyS lsishuz

1 w' ks' 1";sl ksmd;h"uydj.a.h ld,du iq;a;"nq'c'uq"377-343 msgq' ud bud bud bud b;slsrdh;slsrdh;slsrdh;slsrdh 2 tu ud msgl iuzmodfkakud msgl iuzmodfkakud msgl iuzmodfkakud msgl iuzmodfkak 3 tu ud ;lal fya;`ud ;lal fya;`ud ;lal fya;`ud ;lal fya;` 4 tu ud kh fya;`ud kh fya;`ud kh fya;`ud kh fya;` 5 tu ud wdldr mrsjs;laflakud wdldr mrsjs;laflakud wdldr mrsjs;laflakud wdldr mrsjs;laflak 6 w' ks' 1";sl ksmd;h"uydj.a.h ld,du iq;a;"nq'c'uq"377-343 msgq' ud NnznrEm;dhud NnznrEm;dhud NnznrEm;dhud NnznrEm;dh

wkqudkhls tlS wkqudkhg mdollr.kafka tu lreKg iudk fjk;a mQj!w;aoelSuzh jsh yelsnj fyda fkdjshyels nj ;SrKh flfrkafka wjsksYaps; ;;ajhla mokuzlrf.k ksid fuz uZ.ska h:drA:jdoS wjfndaOhlalrd .ukal< fkdyelsnj nq|=iuh mjihs' ksYaps;jQ ps;a; fyhska jsorAYkd lsrSfuz jsOsl@uhka;, wjsksYaps; iajNdjhla ;snsh fkdyelsnejska nq|=iuh fuu ;;ajh h:drA:jdoS ps;a; fyhska jsorAYkd lsrSfuz jsOsl@uhkag ndOdldrSjkakla f,i fmkajdoS we;'

tfukau ps;a; fyhska jsorAYkd lsrSfuz l@shdj,sfhysoS lshkq,nkakd fyj;a .rejrhdf.a jpkh u;u t<US (iufKd fkd .re Cousultations of Preceptor)1 lsis|= pspdrmQj!l wdl,amhlska f;drj ks.ukj,g t<USu wfhda.Hnj nq|=iuh fmkajdfohs' .rejrhdf.a jpkhg ieuod ieufoku .rel< hq;h tams<snZoj lsis|= lsis|= jsjdohla ;snsh fkdyel' kuq;a fuys wvqmdvqj jkafka .rejrhdf.a jpkh YsIHhd fld;ruz wjfndaOfhka hq;j ms<smoskjdo hk ldrkhhs' jspdrmQj!l Ndjfha jeo.;alu biau;jkafka fukak fuz ia:dkfhaoShs we;euzjsg ps;a; fyhska jsorAYkd lsrSfuz jsOsl@uhka b.ekjSuz l@shdj,sfhysoS fjfyi wu;ljSuz jeks fya;ksid .rejrhdg huzhuz w;miqjSuz we;sjsh yelsh' tjsg uekjska ijka fok YsIHhdf.a hq;lujkafka ffu;@Siy.;j yd f.#rj mQrAjlj .rejrhdg tu ia:dk fmkajdoSuhs uyd j.a.md,sfha j;a;laLJOlfhoS wdpdrAh WmdOHdh yd ioaOsjsydrsl j;aj,oS nq|=r|=ka fuz lreKq uekjska jsia;rlr oS ;sfnz'

tfukau ps;a; fyhska jsorAYkd lsrSfuz l@shdj,sfhysoS by; olajd we;s lreKq kjfh(9)ka uki wdjrKhlr.ksuska oDIaGs.;sl j(osgzGs kscACOdklaLka;s Cousultations of Preceptor)2 tu wikq,nk foa ms<snZo ks.ukj,g meusKSu nq|=iuh fhda.Hhehs wkqu; fkdlrhs' oDIaGSka .@KhlsrSu hkq udkisl jsjD;Ndjh rys; ;;ajhls' nqoaOs jO!kh msksi th Wmldrj;a fkdfjz' nqoaOs jO!kh is|=jkqfha jsjD;udkis; miq;,hla;,oSh' nq|=kajykafiaf.a ps;a; fyhska jsorAYkd lsrSfuz jsOsl@uhka Y@jKhlr fndfydafofkl Ou!djfndaOh ,nd ud.!M, mila lr.kq ,enQfha Wkajykafiaf.a ps;a; fyhska jsorAYkd lsrSfuz jsOsl@uhka Y@jKh l< wh;< lsis|= wdldrfha oDIagshla we;sjSug lsis|= bvla fkd;nd ps;a; fyhska jsorAYkd lsrSfuz l@shdj,sh werUSug fmr Tjqka;, ;snQ oDIaGSkao myj hk wdldrfhkaa ;u ps;a; fyhska jsorAYkd lsrSfuz jsOsl@uhka Tjqkag Y@jKh jkakg ie,eiajQ nejsks'

7 Ou!;d rEm fyhska jsoY!kd lrkakd

wdu@jDCIdosfhys wxlrdosjQ fkdfhla wjia:dfhka jefgk wkskaJ|@sh noaOika;dkfhys mej;s rEmhka w;frka ta ta wjia:dfjys mej;s rEmfhda wkH wkH wjia:djg fkdmeusK ta ta ;kaysu ksreoaO fj;s fufia Ou!;d rEm jYfhka fufkys lrkafka Ou!;d rEm fyhska iuzuY!kh lrkakd kuz fjz fufihska rEm ima;l jYfhka jsorAYkd flfrhs'

oijsO jQ pska;kuh wOsldrhka j,ska f;drjQ ps;a; ixl,amhka jO!kh lsrSu ;,ska rEm fyhska jsorAYkd lsrSug yelsnj ld,du iQ;@h wkqj meyeos,sfjz'

wkqY@jh (Report)3 uZ.ska ,nd.kakd Ou!;d rEm fyhska jsorAYkd lsrSfuz jsOsl@uhka ms<snZo oekqu ;yjqre jSug kuz ;ukao th Ndjs;hg f.k jsuidn,d tu oekqu ;ukaf.a njg tkuz ;od;auSh lrKhlg Ndckhlr.; hq;h' tfia fkdjkakdjQ Ou!;d rEm fyhska jsorAYkd lsrSfuz jsOsl@uhka

1 tu ud iufKda fkda .rE;sud iufKda fkda .rE;sud iufKda fkda .rE;sud iufKda fkda .rE;s 2 tu ud osgzGs kscACOdklaLka;shdud osgzGs kscACOdklaLka;shdud osgzGs kscACOdklaLka;shdud osgzGs kscACOdklaLka;shd 3 w' ks' 1";sl ksmd;h"uydj.a.h ld,du iq;a;"nq'c'uq"377-343 msgq' ud wkqiaifjzkud wkqiaifjzkud wkqiaifjzkud wkqiaifjzk

fyj;a weiSuz wkqY@jh ud;@fldgf.k muKla tys ksjerosNdjh ukskq,nkafkkuz th ksjeros Ou!;d rEm fyhska jsorAYkd lsrSfuz l@shdj,shla fkdjk nj nq|=iuh mjihs'

tfukau Ou!;d rEm fyhska jsorAYkd lsrSfuz l@shdj,sfhaoS mdruzmrslNdjh(mruzmrdh Tradition)1 mokuzlrf.k tu Ou!;d rEm fyhska jsorAYkd lsrSfuz jsOsl@uhka ksjeroshehs ;SrKhlg t<USu ksjeros fkdfjz' n@dyauKhkaf.a fjzoh iuznJOfhkao Tjqka yqjd olajkafka tu weiSuz mdruzmrsljk nejska tajd ksrjoHjk njhs'mrmqfrys meusKsh;a tu wd.usl ixialdr jsOsl@uh ka mokuz jS we;af;a i;H milalsrSug jvd ;u;ukaf.a wd.usl wrA:oelajSuz yqjd oelajSug jk nejska tajd ksjeros Y@jKhka fkdfjz'

tfukau Ou!;d rEm fyhska jsorAYkd lsrSfuz l@shdj,sfhaoS fufia fmrlshd ;sfnzhkak(b;slsrdh Prologue ; Presuppose)2 mokuzlr f.k tu Ou!;d rEm fyhska jsorAYkd lsrSfuz jsOsl@uhka

ksjeroshehs ;SrKhlg t<USu ksjeros fkdfjz' fmrlshd ;snqkqnj hkak Y@jKl@shdj,sh ;, fm#rdKslFjh yd ineZ|=kq fohla jkjd usi tu Ou!;d rEm fyhska jsorAYkd lsrSfuz jsOsl@uhka

ksjerosnj ;yjqrelsrSfuys,d usKquz oKavla lr .ekSu idjoHnj nq|=iuh olajhs'

tfukau Ou!;d rEm fyhska jsorAYkd lsrSfuz l@shdj,sfhysoS msgl iuzmodh(Given in the Scripture) 3mokuzlrf.k tu Ou!;d rEm fyhska jsorAYkd lsrSfuz jsOsl@uhka ksjeroshehs ;SrKhlg t<USu ksjeros fkdfjz' f,aLk.;nj hkak wd.usl woyia ixrCIKfhys,d bjy,ajk l@ufjzohla usi tu Ou!;d rEm fyhska jsorAYkd lsrSfuz jsOsl@uhka ksjerosnj ;yjqrelsrSfuys,d th usKquz oKavla lr.ekSu nq|=iuh wkqu; fkdlrhs'

tfukau Ou!;d rEm fyhska jsorAYkd lsrSfuz l@shdj,sfhysoS ;rAlkh(Logical Implication)4 mokuzlrf.k tu Ou!;d rEm fyhska jsorAYkd lsrSfuz jsOsl@uhka ksjeroshehs ;SrKhlg t<USu wfhda.Hh' ;drAlslnj hkak hula ta;a; .ekajSfuz ls@hdj,sfhysoS Bg wdOdr WmldrSjk woyia yd Y@jKhka bosrsm;a lsrSfuz jsOsl@uhla jkjd yefrkakg tlS woyia yd Ou!;d rEm fyhska jsorAYkd lsrSfuz jsOsl@uhka ksjerosnj ;yjqrelsrSfuys,d th usKquz oZvqjla lr.ekSu nq|=iuh wkqu; fkdlrhs'

tfukau Ou!;d rEm fyhska jsorAYkd lsrSfuz l@shdj,sfhysoS kHdhdkQidrSjSu(Nomalogical)5 mokuz lrf.k tu Ou!;d rEm fyhska jsorAYkd lsrSfuz jsOsl@uhka ksjeros hehs ;SrKhlg t<USu wfhda.Hh kHdkQidrSjSu hkak hula fuz whqrska Ou!;d rEm fyhska jsorAYkd lsrSul< hq;hehs ks.ukhla ,ndoS ;snqKq l@shdoduhlgu wkq.;j tu Ou!;d rEm fyhska jsorAYkd lsrSu is|=lrkjd yefrkakg jspdrmQrAjl jSfuys lsis|= bvlvla ta ;,ska fkdiemfha' tfukau taksid th mdol fldgf.k tlS Ou!;d rEm fyhska jsorAYkd lsrSfuz jsOsl@uhkays ksjerosnj ;yjqre lsrSfuys,d th tlu usKquz oKavla lr.ekSu nq|=iuh wkqu; fkdlrhs'

1 tu ud mruzmrdhud mruzmrdhud mruzmrdhud mruzmrdh 2 tu ud b;slsrdhud b;slsrdhud b;slsrdhud b;slsrdh 3 tu ud msgl iuzmodfkakud msgl iuzmodfkakud msgl iuzmodfkakud msgl iuzmodfkak 4 tu ud ;lal fya;`ud ;lal fya;`ud ;lal fya;`ud ;lal fya; 5 w' ks' 1";sl ksmd;h"uydj.a.h ld,du iq;a;"nq'c'uq"377-343 msgq' ud kh fya;`ud kh fya;`ud kh fya;`ud kh fya;`

tfukau Ou!;d rEm fyhska jsorAYkd lsrSfuz l@shdj,sfhaoS huz fohla jkafka fuz whqrska hehs (wdldr mrsjs;rAlh Diversification of Thought)1 ;ukaf.a mQj!ixl,amkhka mdol fldgf.k tu Ou!;d rEm fyhska jsorAYkd lsrSfuz jsOsl@uhka ms<snZoj ksjeros ;SrKhlg t<USu wfhda.Hnj nq|=iuh fmkajdfohs' idys;HOrhka l,dlrejka ;u ksu!dK jia;nSc iZoyd fnfyjska fuu mQj!ixl,amkd Ndjs;dlr;s'tksid mQj!ixl,amhkhka lsishuz ksu!dKd;aul lghq;a;lg yerekqfldg jsoHd;aul js.@yhkag t<Ushhq; wjia:dj,oS Ndjs;dlsrSu wfhda.Hh'

tfukau Ou!;d rEm fyhska jsorAYkd lsrSfuz l@shdj,sfhysoS jsh yelsnj fyj;a iuzNdjs;dj (NjH;dj Potentity)2 mdollrf.k tu Ou!;d rEm fyhska jsorAYkd lsrSfuz jsOsl@uhka

ms<snZoj ksjeros ;SrKhlg t<USu wfhda.Hnj nq|=iuh fmkajdfohs' iuzNdjs;dj jkdyS lsishuz wkqudkhls tlS wkqudkhg mdollr.kafka tu lreKg iudk fjk;a mQj!w;aoelSuzh jsh ye;snj fyda fkdjshyels nj ;SrKh flfrkafka wjsksYaps; ;;ajhla mokuzlrf.k ksid fuz uZ.ska h:drA:jdoS wjfndaOhlalrd .ukal< fkdyelsnj nq|=iuh mjihs' ksYaps;jQ Ou!;d rEm fyhska jsorAYkd lsrSfuz jsOsl@uhka;, wjsksYaps; iajNdjhla ;snsh fkdyelsnejska nq|=iuh fuu ;;ajh h:drA:jdoS Ou!;d rEm fyhska jsorAYkd lsrSfuz jsOsl@uhkag ndOdldrSjkakla f,i fmkajdoS we;'

tfukau Ou!;d rEm fyhska jsorAYkd lsrSfuz l@shdj,sfhysoS lshkq,nkakd fyj;a .rejrhdf.a jpkh u;u t<US (iufKd fkd .re Cousultations of Preceptor)3 lsis|= pspdrmQj!l wdl,amhlska f;drj ks.ukj,g t<USu wfhda.Hnj nq|=iuh fmkajdfohs .rejrhdf.a jpkhg ieuod ieufoku .rel< hq;h' tams<snZoj lsis|= lsis|= jsjdohla ;snsh fkdyel kuq;a fuys wvqmdvqj jkafka .rejrhdf.a jpkh YsIHhd fld;ruz wjfndaOfhka hq;j ms<smoskjdo hk ldrkhhs' jspdrmQj!lNdjfha jeo.;alu biau;jkafka fukak fuz ia:dkfhaoShs' we;euzjsg Ou!;d rEm fyhska jsorAYkd lsrSfuz jsOsl@uhka b.ekajSfuz l@shdj,sfhysoS fjfyi wu;ljSuz jeks fya;ksid .rejrhdg huzhuz w;miqjSuz we;sjsh yelsh' tjsg uekjska ijka fok YsIHhdf.a hq;lujkafka ffu;@Siy.;j yd f.#rjmQrAjlj .rejrhdg tu ia:dk fmkajdoSuhs uyd j.a.md,sfha j;a;laLJOlfhoS wdpdrAh WmdOHdh yd ioaOsjsydrsl j;aj,oS nq|=r|=ka fuz lreKq uekjska jsia;rlr oS ;sfnz'

tfukau Ou!;d rEm fyhska jsorAYkd lsrSfuz Y@jK l@shdj,sfhysoS by; olajd we;s lreKq kjfh(9)ka uki wdjrKhlr.ksuska oDIaGs.;slj(osgzGs kscACOdklaLka;s Cousultations of Preceptor)4 tu Ou!;d rEm fyhska jsorAYkd lsrSfuz jsOsl@uhka ms<snZo ks.ukj,g meusKSu nq|=iu h fhda.Hhehs wkqu; fkdlrhs' oDIaGSka .@KhlsrSu hkq udkisl jsjD;Ndjh rys; ;;ajhls nqoaOs jO!kh msksi th Wmldrj;a fkdfjz' nqoaOs jO!kh is|=jkqfha jsjD;udkis; miq;,hla;,oSh' nq|=kajykafiaf.a Ou!;d rEm fyhska jsorAYkd lsrSfuz jsOsl@uhka Y@jKhlr fndfydafofkl Ou!djfndaOh ,nd ud.!M, mila lr.kq ,enQfha Wkajykafiaf.a Ou!;d rEm fyhska jsorAYkd lsrSfuz jsOsl@uhka Y@jKh l< wh;< lsis|= wdldrfha oDIagshla we;sjSug lsis|= bvla fkd;nd Ou!;d rEm fyhska jsorAYkd lsrSfuz l@shdj,sh werUSug fmr Tjqka;, ;snQ oDIaGSkao myj hk wdldrfhkaa ;u Ou!;d rEm fyhska jsorAYkd lsrSfuz jsOsl@uhka Tjqkag Y@jKh jkakg ie,eiajQ nejsks'

1 tu ud wdldr ud wdldr ud wdldr ud wdldr mrsjs;laflakmrsjs;laflakmrsjs;laflakmrsjs;laflak 2 tu ud NnznrEm;dhud NnznrEm;dhud NnznrEm;dhud NnznrEm;dh 3 tu ud iufKda fkda .rE;sud iufKda fkda .rE;sud iufKda fkda .rE;sud iufKda fkda .rE;s 4 w' ks' 1";sl ksmd;h"uydj.a.h ld,du iq;a;"nq'c'uq"377-343 msgq' ud osgzGs kscACOdklaLka;shdud osgzGs kscACOdklaLka;shdud osgzGs kscACOdklaLka;shdud osgzGs kscACOdklaLka;shd

wrEm ima;l jYfhka flfihska jsoY!kd flfrhso h;a ‘l,dmf;da hulf;da LKf;da osgzGsl,dmf;da hulf;da LKf;da osgzGsl,dmf;da hulf;da LKf;da osgzGsl,dmf;da hulf;da LKf;da osgzGs W.a>dgdkd udk iuQ.>d;kf;d ms p kslka;s mrshdodkd i;a;drEm jsmiaikd’W.a>dgdkd udk iuQ.>d;kf;d ms p kslka;s mrshdodkd i;a;drEm jsmiaikd’W.a>dgdkd udk iuQ.>d;kf;d ms p kslka;s mrshdodkd i;a;drEm jsmiaikd’W.a>dgdkd udk iuQ.>d;kf;d ms p kslka;s mrshdodkd i;a;drEm jsmiaikd’hs lshk ,o fuz ima;ldrfhka jsoY!kd flfrhs' tlS wrEm jsoY!kdj fufia ms<sfj,ska ioelajsh yelsh' tkuz

1 l,dm jYfhka jsoY!kd lrkakd'

2 hq.au fyhska jsoY!kd lrkakd'

3 CIK fyhska jsoY!kd lrkakd'

4 mgsmdgs fyhska jsoY!kd lrkakd'

5 Woa>dg fyhska jsoY!kd lrkakd'

6 udk iq.a>d; fyhska jsoY!kd lrkakd'

7 ksldka;s mH!dodk fyhska jsoY!kd lrkakd'

1 l,dm jYfhka jsoY!kd lrkakd

fuys by; jsia;r l,djQ rEm ima;lfhys wdodk kslfLzmdos jYfhka i;a ;kays meje;s jsorAYkd is;a tla fldg wks;Hh |=%Lh wkd;auh hhs fufkys lrkafka l,dm jYfhka jsoY!kd lrkakd kuz fjz'

oijsO jQ pska;kuh wOsldrhka j,ska f;drjQ ps;a; ixl,amhka jO!kh lsrSu ;,ska l,dm jYfhka jsorAYkd lsrSug yelsnj ld,du iQ;@h wkqj meyeos,sfjz'

wkqY@jh (Report)1 uZ.ska ,nd.kakd l,dm jYfhka jsorAYkd lsrSfuz jsOsl@uhka ms<snZo oekqu ;yjqre jSug kuz ;ukao th Ndjs;hg f.k jsuidn,d tu oekqu ;ukaf.a njg tkuz ;od;auSh lKhlg Ndckhlr.; hq;h tfia fkdjkakdjQ l,dm jYfhka jsorAYkd lsrSfuz jsOsl@uhka fyj;a weiSuz wkqY@jh ud;@fldgf.k muKla tys ksjerosNdjh ukskq,nkafkkuz th ksjeros l,dm jYfhka jsorAYkd lsrSfuz jsOsl@uhka l@shdj,shla fkdjk nj nq|=iuh mjihs'

tfukau l,dm jYfhka jsorAYkd lsrSfuz l@shdj,sfhaoS mdruzmrslNdjh(mruzmrdh Tradition)2 mokuzlrf.k tu l,dm jYfhka jsorAYkd lsrSfuz jsOsl@uhka ksjeroshehs ;SrKhlg t<USu ksjeros fkdfjz' n@dyauKhkaf.a fjzoh iuznJOfhkao Tjqka yqjd olajkafka tu weiSuz mdruzmrsljk nejska tajs ksrjoHjk njhs' mrmqfrys meusKsh;a tu l,dm jYfhka jsorAYkd lsrSfuz jsOsl@uhka

mokuz jS we;af;a i;H milalsrSug jvd ;u;ukaf.a wd.usl wrA:oelajSuz yqjd oelajSug jk nejska tajd ksjeros l,dm jYfhka jsorAYkd lsrSfuz jsOsl@uhka fkdfjz'

tfukau l,dm jYfhka jsorAYkd lsrSfuz l@shdj,sfhaoS fufia fmrlshd ;sfnzhkak(b;slsrdh Prologue ; Presuppose)3 mokuzlr f.k tu l,dm jYfhka jsorAYkd lsrSfuz jsOsl@uhka

1 tu ud wkqiaifjzkud wkqiaifjzkud wkqiaifjzkud wkqiaifjzk 2 w' ks' 1";sl ksmd;h"uydj.a.h ld,du iq;a;"nq'c'uq"377-343 msgq' ud mruzmrdhud mruzmrdhud mruzmrdhud mruzmrdh 3 tu ud ud ud ud b;slsrdhb;slsrdhb;slsrdhb;slsrdh

ksjeroshehs ;SrKhlg t<USu ksjeros fkdfjz' fmrlshd ;snqkqnj hkak l,dm jYfhka jsorAYkd lsrSfuz l@shdj,sh ;, fm#rdKslFjh yd ineZ|=kq fohla jkjd usi tu l,dm jYfhka jsorAYkd lsrSfuz jsOsl@uhka ksjerosnj ;yjqrelsrSfuys,d usKquz oKavla lr .ekSu idjoHnj nq|=iuh olajhs'

tfukau l,dm jYfhka jsorAYkd lsrSfuz l@shdj,sfhysoS msgl iuzmodh(Given in the Scripture)1mokuzlrf.k tu l,dm jYfhka jsorAYkd lsrSfuz jsOsl@uhka ksjeroshehs ;SrKhlg t<USu ksjeros fkdfjz' f,aLk.;nj hkak wd.usl woyia ixrCIKfhys,d bjy,ajk l@ufjzohla usi tu l,dm jYfhka jsorAYkd lsrSfuz jsOsl@uhka ksjerosnj ;yjqrelsrSfuys,d th usKquz oKavla lr.ekSu nq|=iuh wkqu; fkdlrhs'

tfukau l,dm jYfhka jsorAYkd lsrSfuz l@shdj,sfhysoS ;rAlkh(Logical Implication)2 mokuzlrf.k tu l,dm jYfhka jsorAYkd lsrSfuz jsOsl@uhka ksjeroshehs ;SrKhlg t<USu wfhda.Hh ;drAlslnj hkak hula ta;a; .ekajSfuz ls@hdj,sfhysoS Bg wdOdr WmldrSjk woyia yd Y@jKhka bosrsm;a lsrSfuz jsOsl@uhla jkjd yefrkakg tlS woyia yd Y@jKhka ksjerosnj ;yjqrelsrSfuys,d th usKquz oZvqjla lr.ekSu nq|=iuh wkqu; fkdlrhs'

tfukau Y@jK l@shdj,sfhysoS kHdhdkQidrSjSu(Nomalogical)3 mokuz lrf.k tu wikq,nk foh ksjeros hehs ;SrKhlg t<USu wfhda.Hh kHdkQidrSjSu hkak hula fuz whqrska l,dm jYfhka jsorAYkd lsrSul< hq;hehs ks.ukhla ,ndoS ;snqKq l@shdoduhlgu wkq.;j tu l,dm jYfhka jsorAYkd lsrSfuz jsOsl@uhka l,dm jYfhka jsorAYkd lsrSu is|=lrkjd yefrkakg jspdrmQrAjl jSfuys lsis|= bvlvla ta ;,ska fkdiemfha' tfukau taksid th mdol fldgf.k tlS l,dm jYfhka jsorAYkd lsrSfuz jsOsl@uhkays ksjerosnj ;yjqre lsrSfuys,d th tlu usKquz oKavla lr.ekSu nq|=iuh wkqu; fkdlrhs'

tfukau l,dm jYfhka jsorAYkd lsrSfuz l@shdj,sfhaoS huz fohla jkafka fuz whqrska hehs(wdldr mrsjs;rAlh Diversification of Thought)4 ;ukaf.a mQj!ixl,amkhka mdol fldgf.k tu l,dm jYfhka jsorAYkd lsrSfuz jsOsl@uhka ms<snZoj ksjeros ;SrKhlg t<USu wfhda.Hnj nq|=iuh fmkajdfohs' idys;HOrhka l,dlrejka ;u ksu!dK jia;nSc iZoyd fnfyjska fuu mQj!ixl,amkd Ndjs;dlr;s' tksid mQj!ixl,amhkhka lsishuz ksu!dKd;aul lghq;a;lg yerekqfldg jsoHd;aul js.@yhkag t<Ushhq; wjia:dj,oS Ndjs;dlsrSu wfhda.Hh'

tfukau l,dm jYfhka jsorAYkd lsrSfuz l@shdj,sfhysoS jsh yelsnj fyj;a iuzNdjs;dj (NjH;dj Potentity)5 mdollrf.k tu l,dm jYfhka jsorAYkd lsrSfuz jsOsl@uhka

ms<snZoj ksjeros ;SrKhlg t<USu wfhda.Hnj nq|=iuh fmkajdfohs' iuzNdjs;dj jkdyS lsishuz wkqudkhls tlS wkqudkhg mdollr.kafka tu lreKg iudk fjk;a mQj!w;aoelSuzh jsh ye;snj fyda fkdjshyels nj ;SrKh flfrkafka wjsksYaps; ;;ajhla mokuzlrf.k ksid fuz uZ.ska h:drA:jdoS wjfndaOhlalrd .ukal< fkdyelsnj nq|=iuh mjihs' ksYaps;jQ l,dm jYfhka jsorAYkd lsrSfuz jsOsl@uhka;, wjsksYaps; iajNdjhla ;snsh fkdyelsnejska nq|=iuh

1 tu ud msgl iuzmodfkakud msgl iuzmodfkakud msgl iuzmodfkakud msgl iuzmodfkak 2 tu ud ;lal fya;`ud ;lal fya;`ud ;lal fya;`ud ;lal fya;` 3 tu ud kh fya;`ud kh fya;`ud kh fya;`ud kh fya;` 4 w' ks' 1";sl ksmd;h"uydj.a.h ld,du iq;a;"nq'c'uq"377-343 msgq' ud wdldr mrsjs;laflakud wdldr mrsjs;laflakud wdldr mrsjs;laflakud wdldr mrsjs;laflak 5 tu ud NnznrEm;dhud NnznrEm;dhud NnznrEm;dhud NnznrEm;dh

fuu ;;ajh h:drA:jdoS l,dm jYfhka jsorAYkd lsrSfuz jsOsl@uhkag ndOdldrSjkakla f,i fmkajdoS we;'

tfukau l,dm jYfhka jsorAYkd lsrSfuz l@shdj,sfhysoS lshkq,nkakd fyj;a .rejrhdf.a jpkh u;u t<US (iufKd fkd .re Cousultations of Preceptor)1 lsis|= pspdrmQj!l wdl,amhlska f;drj ks.ukj,g t<USu wfhda.Hnj nq|=iuh fmkajdfohs .rejrhdf.a jpkhg ieuod ieufoku .rel< hq;h tams<snZoj lsis|= lsis|= jsjdohla ;snsh fkdyel' kuq;a fuys wvqmdvqj jkafka .rejrhdf.a jpkh YsIHhd fld;ruz wjfndaOfhka hq;j ms<smoskjdo hk ldrkhhs' jspdrmQj!l Ndjfha jeo.;alu biau;jkafka fukak fuz ia:dkfhaoShs' we;euzjsg l,dm jYfhka jsorAYkd lsrSu l@shdj,sfhysoS fjfyi wu;ljSuz jeks fya;ksid .rejrhdg huzhuz w;miqjSuz we;sjsh yelsh' tjsg uekjska ijka fok YsIHhdf.a hq;lujkafka ffu;@Siy.;j yd f.#rjmQrAjlj .rejrhdg tu ia:dk fmkajdoSuhs uyd j.a.md,sfha j;a;laLJOlfhoS wdpdrAh WmdOHdh yd ioaOsjsydrsl j;aj,oS nq|=r|=ka fuz lreKq uekjska jsia;rlr oS ;sfnz'

tfukau l,dm jYfhka jsorAYkd lsrSfuz l@shdj,sfhysoS by; olajd we;s lreKq kjfh(9)ka uki wdjrKhlr.ksuska oDIaGs.;slj(osgzGs kscACOdklaLka;s Cousultations of Preceptor)2 tu wikq,nk foa ms<snZo ks.ukj,g meusKSu nq|=iuh fhda.Hhehs wkqu; fkdlrhs' oDIaGSka .@KhlsrSu hkq udkisl jsjD;Ndjh rys; ;;ajhls' nqoaOs jO!kh msksi th Wmldrj;a fkdfjz nqoaOs jO!kh is|=jkqfha jsjD;udkis; miq;,hla;,oSh.nq|=kajykafiaf.a l,dm jYfhka jsorAYkd lsrSfuz jsOsl@uhka Y@jKhlr fndfydafofkl Ou!djfndaOh ,nd ud.!M, mila lr.kq ,enQfha Wkajykafiaf.a l,dm jYfhka jsorAYkd lsrSfuz jsOsl@uhka Y@jKh l< wh;< lsis|= wdldrfha oDIagshla we;sjSug lsis|= bvla fkd;nd l,dm jYfhka jsorAYkd lsrSfuz l@shdj,sh werUSug fmr Tjqka;, ;snQ oDIaGSkao myj hk wdldrfhkaa ;u l,dm jYfhka jsorAYkd lsrSfuz jsOsl@uhka

Tjqkag Y@jKh jkakg ie,eiajQ nejsks'

2 hq.au fyhska jsorAYkd lrkakd

wdodk kslafLzm jYfhka rEmhka wks;Hdos fyhska jsoY!kd fldg ta rEmhka jsoY!kdl< is;ao wks;Hdos fyhska jsorAYkd fldg thska jfhdajqoaOF:.dus wdoS tla tla rEmhka jsorAYkd fldg ta rEmhka jsorAYkd l< is;ao jsorAYkd lsrSuz jYfhka fufia rEmdrEm jsoY!kdjka hq., fldg mj;afka hq.au fyhska jsoY!kd kuz fjz'

oijsO jQ pska;kuh wOsldrhka j,ska f;drjQ ps;a; ixl,amhka jO!kh lsrSu ;,ska hq.au fyhska jsorAYkd lsrSug yelsnj ld,du iQ;@h wkqj meyeos,sfjz'

wkqY@jh (Report)3 uZ.ska ,nd.kakd hq.au fyhska jsorAYkd lsrSfuz jsOsl@uhka ms<snZo oekqu ;yjqre jSug kuz ;ukao th Ndjs;hg f.k jsuidn,d tu oekqu ;ukaf.a njg tkuz ;od;auShlrKhlg Ndckhlr.; hq;h' tfia fkdjkakdjQ hq.au fyhska jsorAYkd lsrSfuz jsOsl@uhka fyj;a weiSuz wkqY@jh ud;@fldgf.k muKla tys ksjerosNdjh ukskq,nkafkkuz th ksjeros hq.au fyhska jsorAYkd lsrSfuz jsOsl@uhka l@shdj,shla fkdjk nj nq|=iuh mjihs'

1 tu ud iufKda fkda .rE;sud iufKda fkda .rE;sud iufKda fkda .rE;sud iufKda fkda .rE;s 2 tu ud osgzGs kscACOdklaLka;shdud osgzGs kscACOdklaLka;shdud osgzGs kscACOdklaLka;shdud osgzGs kscACOdklaLka;shd 3 w' ks' 1";sl ksmd;h"uydj.a.h ld,du iq;a;"nq'c'uq"377-343 msgq' ud wkqiaifjzkud wkqiaifjzkud wkqiaifjzkud wkqiaifjzk

tfukau hq.au fyhska jsorAYkd lsrSfuz l@shdj,sfhaoS mdruzmrslNdjh(mruzmrdh Tradition)1 mokuzlrf.k tu hq.au fyhska jsorAYkd lsrSfuz jsOsl@uhka ksjeroshehs ;SrKhlg t<USu ksjeros fkdfjz n@dyauKhkaf.a fjzoh iuznJOfhkao Tjqka yqjd olajkafka tu weiSuz mdruzmrsljk nejska tajs ksrjoHjk njhs' mrmqfrys meusKsh;a tu Y@jKhka mokuz jS we;af;a i;H milalsrSug jvd ;u;ukaf.a wd.usl wrA:oelajSuz yqjd oelajSug jk nejska tajd ksjeros hq.au fyhska jsorAYkd lsrSfuz jsOsl@uhka fkdfjz'

tfukau hq.au fyhska jsorAYkd lsrSfuz l@shdj,sfhaoS fufia fmrlshd ;sfnzhkak(b;slsrdh Prologue ; Presuppose)2 mokuzlr f.k tu hq.au fyhska jsorAYkd lsrSfuz jsOsl@uhka ksjeroshehs ;SrKhlg t<USu ksjeros fkdfjz' fmrlshd ;snqkqnj hkak hq.au fyhska jsorAYkd lsrSfuz l@shdj,sh ;, fm#rdKslFjh yd ineZ|=kq fohla jkjd usi tu hq.au fyhska jsorAYkd lsrSfuz jsOsl@uhka ksjerosnj ;yjqrelsrSfuys,d usKquz oKavla lr .ekSu idjoHnj nq|=iuh olajhs'

tfukau hq.au fyhska jsorAYkd lsrSfuz l@shdj,sfhysoS msgl iuzmodh(Given in the Scripture)3 mokuzlrf.k tu hq.au fyhska jsorAYkd lsrSfuz jsOsl@uhka ksjeroshehs ;SrKhlg t<USu ksjeros fkdfjz f,aLk.;nj hkak wd.usl woyia ixrCIKfhys,d bjy,ajk l@ufjzohla usi tu hq.au fyhska jsorAYkd lsrSfuz jsOsl@uhka ksjerosnj ;yjqrelsrSfuys,d th usKquz oKavla lr.ekSu nq|=iuh wkqu; fkdlrhs'

tfukau hq.au fyhska jsorAYkd lsrSfuz l@shdj,sfhysoS ;rAlkh(Logical Implication)4 mokuzlrf.k tu hq.au fyhska jsorAYkd lsrSfuz jsOsl@uhka ksjeroshehs ;SrKhlg t<USu wfhda.Hh ;drAlslnj hkak hula ta;a; .ekajSfuz ls@hdj,sfhysoS Bg wdOdr WmldrSjk woyia yd hq.au fyhska jsorAYkd lsrSfuz jsOsl@uhka bosrsm;a lsrSfuz jsOsl@uhla jkjd yefrkakg tlS woyia yd hq.au fyhska jsorAYkd lsrSfuz jsOsl@uhka ksjerosnj ;yjqrelsrSfuys,d th usKquz oZvqjla lr.ekSu nq|=iuh wkqu; fkdlrhs'

tfukau hq.au fyhska jsorAYkd lsrSfuz l@shdj,sfhysoS kHdhdkQidrSjSu(Nomalogical)5 mokuz lrf.k tu hq.au fyhska jsorAYkd lsrSfuz jsOsl@uhka ksjeros hehs ;SrKhlg t<USu wfhda.Hh' kHdkQidrSjSu hkak hula fuz whqrska hq.au fyhska jsorAYkd lsrSu l< hq;hehs ks.ukhla ,ndoS ;snqKq l@shdoduhlgu wkq.;j tu hq.au fyhska jsorAYkd lsrSu is|=lrkjd yefrkakg jspdrmQrAjl jSfuys lsis|= bvlvla ta ;,ska fkdiemfha' tfukau taksid th mdol fldgf.k tlS hq.au fyhska jsorAYkd lsrSfuz jsOsl@uhkays ksjerosnj ;yjqre lsrSfuys,d th tlu usKquz oKavla lr.ekSu nq|=iuh wkqu; fkdlrhs'

tfukau hq.au fyhska jsorAYkd lsrSfuz l@shdj,sfhaoS huz fohla jkafka fuz whqrska hehs(wdldr mrsjs;rAlh Diversification of Thought)6 ;ukaf.a mQj!ixl,amkhka mdol fldgf.k tu

1 tu ud mruzmrdhud mruzmrdhud mruzmrdhud mruzmrdh 2 tu ud b;slsrdhud b;slsrdhud b;slsrdhud b;slsrdh 3 tu ud msgl iuzmodfkakud msgl iuzmodfkakud msgl iuzmodfkakud msgl iuzmodfkak 4 w' ks' 1";sl ksmd;h"uydj.a.h ld,du iq;a;"nq'c'uq"377-343 msgq' ud ;lal fya;`ud ;lal fya;`ud ;lal fya;`ud ;lal fya; 5 tu ud kh fya;`ud kh fya;`ud kh fya;`ud kh fya; 6 tu ud wdldr mrsjs;laflud wdldr mrsjs;laflud wdldr mrsjs;laflud wdldr mrsjs;laflakakakak

hq.au fyhska jsorAYkd lsrSfuz jsOsl@uhka ms<snZoj ksjeros ;SrKhlg t<USu wfhda.Hnj nq|=iuh fmkajdfohs' idys;HOrhka l,dlrejka ;u ksu!dK jia;nSc iZoyd fnfyjska fuu mQj!ixl,amkd Ndjs;dlr;s tksid mQj!ixl,amhkhka lsishuz ksu!dKd;aul lghq;a;lg yerekqfldg jsoHd;aul js.@yhkag t<Ushhq; wjia:dj,oS Ndjs;dlsrSu wfhda.Hh'

tfukau hq.au fyhska jsorAYkd lsrSfuz l@shdj,sfhysoS jsh yelsnj fyj;a iuzNdjs;dj(NjH;dj Potentity)1 mdollrf.k tu hq.au fyhska jsorAYkd lsrSfuz jsOsl@uhka ms<snZoj ksjeros ;SrKhlg t<USu wfhda.Hnj nq|=iuh fmkajdfohs' iuzNdjs;dj jkdyS lsishuz wkqudkhls tlS wkqudkhg mdollr.kafka tu lreKg iudk fjk;a mQj!w;aoelSuzh jsh yelsnj fyda fkdjshyels nj ;SrKh flfrkafka wjsksYaps; ;;ajhla mokuzlrf.k ksid fuz uZ.ska h:drA:jdoS wjfndaOhlalrd .ukal< fkdyelsnj nq|=iuh mjihs' ksYaps;jQ hq.au fyhska jsorAYkd lsrSfuz jsOsl@uhka;, wjsksYaps; iajNdjhla ;snsh fkdyelsnejska nq|=iuh fuu ;;ajh h:drA:jdoS hq.au fyhska jsorAYkd lsrSfuz jsOsl@uhkag ndOdldrSjkakla f,i fmkajdoS we;'

tfukau hq.au fyhska jsorAYkd lsrSfuz l@shdj,sfhysoS lshkq,nkakd fyj;a .rejrhdf.a jpkh u;u t<US (iufKd fkd .re Cousultations of Preceptor)2 lsis|= pspdrmQj!l wdl,amhlska f;drj ks.ukj,g t<USu wfhda.Hnj nq|=iuh fmkajdfohs' .rejrhdf.a jpkhg ieuod ieufoku .rel< hq;h' tams<snZoj lsis|= lsis|= jsjdohla ;snsh fkdyel kuq;a fuys wvqmdvqj jkafka .rejrhd f.a jpkh YsIHhd fld;ruz wjfndaOfhka hq;j ms<smoskjdo hk ldrkhhs' jspdrmQj!l Ndjfha jeo.;alu biau;jkafka fukak fuz ia:dkfhaoShs' we;euzjsg hq.au fyhska jsorAYkd lsrSu b.ekajSfuz l@shdj,sfhysoS fjfyi wu;ljSuz jeks fya;ksid .rejrhdg huzhuz w;miqjSuz we;sjsh yelsh' tjsg uekjska ijka fok YsIHhdf.a hq;lujkafka ffu;@Siy.;j yd f.#rjmQrAjlj .rejrhdg tu ia:dk fmkajdoSuhs' uyd j.a.md,sfha j;a;laLJOlfhoS wdpdrAh WmdOHdh yd ioaOsjsydrsl j;aj,oS nq|=r|=ka fuz lreKq uekjska jsia;rlr oS ;sfnz'

tfukau hq.au fyhska jsorAYkd lsrSfuz l@shdj,sfhysoS by; olajd we;s lreKq kjfh(9)ka uki wdjrKhlr.ksuska oDIaGs.;slj(osgzGs kscACOdklaLka;s Cousultations of Preceptor)3 tu hq.au fyhska jsorAYkd lsrSfuz jsOsl@uhka ms<snZo ks.ukj,g meusKSu nq|=iuh fhda.Hhehs wkqu; fkdlrhs' oDIaGSka .@KhlsrSu hkq udkisl jsjD;Ndjh rys; ;;ajhls nqoaOs jO!kh msksi th Wmldrj;a fkdfjz' nqoaOs jO!kh is|=jkqfha jsjD;udkis; miq;,hla;,oSh.nq|=kajykafiaf.a Ou!foaYkdkqidrfhka hq.au fyhska jsorAYkd lsrSfuz jsOsl@uhka Y@jKhlr fndfydafofkl Ou!djfndaOh ,nd ud.!M, mila lr.kq ,enQfha Wkajykafiaf.a hq.au fyhska jsorAYkd lsrSfuz jsOsl@uhka Y@jKh l< wh;< lsis|= wdldrfha oDIagshla we;sjSug lsis|= bvla fkd;nd hq.au fyhska jsorAYkd lsrSfuz l@shdj,sh werUSug fmr Tjqka;, ;snQ oDIaGSkao myj hk wdldrfhkaa ;u hq.au fyhska jsorAYkd lsrSfuz jsOsl@uhka Tjqkag Y@jKh jkakg ie,eiajQ nejsks'

3 CIK fyhska jsoY!kd lrkakd

wdodk kslafLzm fyhska rEm jsoY!kd fldg thska fojk is;a ;kajk is;a i;rjk is;a miajk is;a jsoY!kd fldg fufihskau jfhdajqoaOF:.dus wdoS tla tla rEm jsoY!kdfldg ta ta jsoY!kdl< is;a jsoY!kdlruska I;rjk is;a olajd jsoY!kd lrkakd CIK fyhska jsoY!kd lrkakd kuz fjz'

1 tu ud NnznrEm;dhud NnznrEm;dhud NnznrEm;dhud NnznrEm;dh 2 w' ks' 1";sl ksmd;h"uydj.a.h ld,du iq;a;"nq'c'uq"377-343 msgq' ud iufKda fkda .rE;ud iufKda fkda .rE;ud iufKda fkda .rE;ud iufKda fkda .rE;s 3 tu ud osgzGs kscACOdklaLka;shdud osgzGs kscACOdklaLka;shdud osgzGs kscACOdklaLka;shdud osgzGs kscACOdklaLka;shd

‘CIK jYfhka’rEmdrEm Ou!hkaf.a wdhq% m@udK ixLHd; jYfhka CIK jYfhka iuzuY!kh nq|=jrhkag jskd fiiaikag fkd,efn;shs lsh;s th fiiaikag fkdoelal yels nejsks tkuq;a nq|= nj jqj;a wjYH;djh ;sfnzkuz ta iZoyd iq|=iqluz imqrd ,nd .ekSfuz wjia:dj ishZM fokdgu jsjD;h' ulaksido h;a nq|=oyu;< .re uqIags fyda Ydia;Dka jykafiag fyda fmd|= ryia l@ufjzohka lsis;a fkdue;s fyhsks' taksid tu l@ufjzohkag repslrkakdjQ hfula fjz kuz fuys my; oelafjk wkaoug wNHdihka m@.Klr ;ukag wjYH udkisl lY,;djh ,nd.;a;dg lY,hla usi bka is|=jk wlY,hla fkdue;' kQ;k f,dj foi ne,Qjsg udkj jrA.hd ish YsIaGdpdrh .uka lrjkafka mjs;@ ia:dkhlg fkdj wmjs;@ ia:dkhlg nj fmfka f,dj wmjs;@jk m@udKhg th mjs;@ lsrSu iZoyd ;j;j;a nq|=jre b;d jsYd, m@udKhla bosrsfhaoS wjYHjk nejsks'

oijsO jQ pska;kuh wOsldrhka j,ska f;drjQ ps;a; ixl,amhka jO!kh lsrSu ;,ska CIK fyhska jsorAYkd lsrSug yelsnj ld,du iQ;@h wkqj meyeos,sfjz'

wkqY@jh (Report)1 uZ.ska ,nd.kakd CIK fyhska jsorAYkd lsrSfuz jsOsl@uhka ms<snZo oekqu ;yjqre jSug kuz ;ukao th Ndjs;hg f.k jsuidn,d tu oekqu ;ukaf.a njg tkuz ;od;auShlrKhlg Ndckhlr.; hq;h tfia fkdjkakdjQ CIK fyhska jsorAYkd lsrSfuz jsOsl@uhka fyj;a weiSuz wkqY@jh ud;@fldgf.k muKla tys ksjerosNdjh ukskq,nkafkkuz th ksjeros CIK fyhska jsorAYkd lsrSfuz jsOsl@uhka l@shdj,shla fkdjk nj nq|=iuh mjihs'

tfukau CIK fyhska jsorAYkd lsrSfuz l@shdj,sfhaoS mdruzmrslNdjh(mruzmrdh Tradition)2 mokuzlrf.k tu CIK fyhska jsorAYkd lsrSfuz jsOsl@uhka ksjeroshehs ;SrKhlg t<USu ksjeros fkdfjz n@dyauKhkaf.a fjzoh iuznJOfhkao Tjqka yqjd olajkafka tu weiSuz mdruzmrsljk nejska tajs ksrjoHjk njhs' mrmqfrys meusKsh;a tu Y@jKhka mokuz jS we;af;a i;H milalsrSug jvd ;u;ukaf.a wd.usl wrA:oelajSuz yqjd oelajSug jk nejska tajd ksjeros Y@jKhka fkdfjz'

tfukau CIK fyhska jsorAYkd lsrSfuz l@shdj,sfhaoS fufia fmrlshd ;sfnzhkak(b;slsrdh Prologue ; Presuppose)3 mokuzlr f.k tu CIK fyhska jsorAYkd lsrSfuz jsOsl@uhka ksjeroshehs ;SrKhlg t<USu ksjeros fkdfjz' fmrlshd ;snqkqnj hkak CIK fyhska jsorAYkd lsrSfuz l@shd j,sh ;, fm#rdKslFjh yd ineZ|=kq fohla jkjd usi tu CIK fyhska jsorAYkd lsrSfuz jsOsl@uhka ksjerosnj ;yjqrelsrSfuys,d usKquz oKavla lr .ekSu idjoHnj nq|=iuh olajhs'

tfukau CIK fyhska jsorAYkd lsrSfuz l@shdj,sfhysoS msgl iuzmodh(Given in the Scripture)4 mokuzlrf.k tu CIK fyhska jsorAYkd lsrSfuz jsOsl@uhka ksjeroshehs ;SrKhlg t<USu ksjeros fkdfjz f,aLk.;nj hkak wd.usl woyia ixrCIKfhys,d bjy,ajk l@ufjzohla usi tu CIK fyhska jsorAYkd lsrSfuz jsOsl@uhka ksjerosnj ;yjqrelsrSfuys,d th usKquz oKavla lr.ekSu nq|=iuh wkqu; fkdlrhs'

1 w' ks' 1";sl ksmd;h"uydj.a.h ld,du iq;a;"nq'c'uq"377-343 msgq' ud wkqiaifjzkud wkqiaifjzkud wkqiaifjzkud wkqiaifjzk 2 tu ud mruzmrdhud mruzmrdhud mruzmrdhud mruzmrdh 3 tu ud b;slsrdhud b;slsrdhud b;slsrdhud b;slsrdh 4 tu ud msgl iuzmodfkakud msgl iuzmodfkakud msgl iuzmodfkakud msgl iuzmodfkak

tfukau CIK fyhska jsorAYkd lsrSfuz l@shdj,sfhysoS ;rAlkh(Logical Implication)1 mokuzlrf.k tu CIK fyhska jsorAYkd lsrSfuz jsOsl@uhka ksjeroshehs ;SrKhlg t<USu wfhda.Hh ;drAlslnj hkak hula ta;a; .ekajSfuz ls@hdj,sfhysoS Bg wdOdr WmldrSjk woyia yd CIK fyhska jsorAYkd lsrSfuz jsOsl@uhka bosrsm;a lsrSfuz jsOsl@uhla jkjd yefrkakg tlS woyia yd CIK fyhska jsorAYkd lsrSfuz jsOsl@uhka ksjerosnj ;yjqrelsrSfuys,d th usKquz oZvqjla lr.ekSu nq|=iuh wkqu; fkdlrhs'

tfukau CIK fyhska jsorAYkd lsrSfuz l@shdj,sfhysoS kHdhdkQidrSjSu(Nomalogical)2 mokuz lrf.k tu CIK fyhska jsorAYkd lsrSfuz jsOsl@uhka ksjeros hehs ;SrKhlg t<USu wfhda.Hh' kHdkQidrSjSu hkak hula fuz whqrska CIK fyhska jsorAYkd lsrSu l< hq;hehs ks.ukhla ,ndoS ;snqKq l@shdoduhlgu wkq.;j tu CIK fyhska jsorAYkd lsrSu is|=lrkjd yefrkakg jspdrmQrAjl jSfuys lsis|= bvlvla ta ;,ska fkdiemfha' tfukau taksid th mdol fldgf.k tlS CIK fyhska jsorAYkd lsrSfuz jsOsl@uhkays ksjerosnj ;yjqre lsrSfuys,d th tlu usKquz oKavla lr.ekSu nq|=iuh wkqu; fkdlrhs'

tfukau CIK fyhska jsorAYkd lsrSfuz l@shdj,sfhaoS huz fohla jkafka fuz whqrska hehs(wdldr mrsjs;rAlh Diversification of Thought)3 ;ukaf.a mQj!ixl,amkhka mdol fldgf.k tu CIK fyhska jsorAYkd lsrSfuz jsOsl@uhka ms<snZoj ksjeros ;SrKhlg t<USu wfhda.Hnj nq|=iuh fmkajdfohs' idys;HOrhka l,dlrejka ;u ksu!dK jia;nSc iZoyd fnfyjska fuu mQj!ixl,amkd Ndjs;dlr;s tksid mQj!ixl,amhkhka lsishuz ksu!dKd;aul lghq;a;lg yerekqfldg CIK fyhska jsorAYkd lsrSfuz jsOsl@uhkajeks jsoHd;aul js.@yhkag t<Ushhq; wjia:dj,oS Ndjs;dlsrSu wfhda.Hh'

tfukau CIK fyhska jsorAYkd lsrSfuz l@shdj,sfhysoS jsh yelsnj fyj;a iuzNdjs;dj(NjH;dj Potentity)4 mdollrf.k tu CIK fyhska jsorAYkd lsrSfuz jsOsl@uhka ms<snZoj ksjeros ;SrKhlg t<USu wfhda.Hnj nq|=iuh fmkajdfohs iuzNdjs;dj jkdyS lsishuz wkqudkhls' tlS wkqudkhg mdollr.kafka tu lreKg iudk fjk;a mQj!w;aoelSuzh jsh yelsnj fyda fkdjshyels nj ;SrKh flfrkafka wjsksYaps; ;;ajhla mokuzlrf.k ksid fuz uZ.ska h:drA:jdoS wjfndaOhla lrd .ukal< fkdyelsnj nq|=iuh mjihs' ksYaps;jQ CIK fyhska jsorAYkd lsrSfuz jsOsl@uhka;, wjsksYaps; iajNdjhla ;snsh fkdyelsnejska nq|=iuh fuu ;;ajh h:drA:jdoS CIK fyhska jsorAYkd lsrSfuz jsOsl@uhkag ndOdldrSjkakla f,i fmkajdoS we;'

tfukau CIK fyhska jsorAYkd lsrSfuz l@shdj,sfhysoS lshkq,nkakd fyj;a .rejrhdf.a jpkh u;u t<US (iufKd fkd .re Cousultations of Preceptor)5 lsis|= pspdrmQj!l wdl,amhlska f;drj ks.ukj,g t<USu wfhda.Hnj nq|=iuh fmkajdfohs .rejrhdf.a jpkhg ieuod ieufoku .rel< hq;h' tams<snZoj lsis|= lsis|= jsjdohla ;snsh fkdyel' kuq;a fuys wvqmdvqj jkafka .rejrhdf.a jpkh YsIHhd fld;ruz wjfndaOfhka hq;j ms<smoskjdo hk ldrkhhs' jspdrmQj!l Ndjfha jeo.;alu biau;jkafka fukak fuz ia:dkfhaoShs we;euzjsg CIK fyhska jsorAYkd lsrSfuz jsOsl@uhka b.ekajSfuz l@shdj,sfhysoS fjfyi wu;ljSuz jeks fya;ksid

1 tu ud ;lal fya;`ud ;lal fya;`ud ;lal fya;`ud ;lal fya; 2 w' ks' 1";sl ksmd;h"uydj.a.h ld,du iq;a;"nq'c'uq"377-343 msgq' ud kh fya;`ud kh fya;`ud kh fya;`ud kh fya; 3 tu ud wdldr mrsjs;laflakud wdldr mrsjs;laflakud wdldr mrsjs;laflakud wdldr mrsjs;laflak 4 tu ud NnznrEm;dhud NnznrEm;dhud NnznrEm;dhud NnznrEm;dh 5 tu ud iufKda fkda .rE;sud iufKda fkda .rE;sud iufKda fkda .rE;sud iufKda fkda .rE;s

.rejrhdg huzhuz w;miqjSuz we;sjsh yelsh' tjsg uekjska ijka fok YsIHhdf.a hq;lujkafka ffu;@Siy.;j yd f.#rj mQrAjlj .rejrhdg tu ia:dk fmkajdoSuhs' uyd j.a.md,sfha j;a;laLJOlfhoS wdpdrAh WmdOHdh yd ioaOsjsydrsl j;aj,oS nq|=r|=ka fuz lreKq uekjska jsia;rlr oS ;sfnz'

tfukau CIK fyhska jsorAYkd lsrSfuz l@shdj,sfhysoS by; olajd we;s lreKq kjfh(9)ka uki wdjrKhlr.ksuska oDIaGs.;sl j(osgzGs kscACOdklaLka;s Cousultations of Preceptor)1 tu wikq,nk foa ms<snZo ks.ukj,g meusKSu nq|=iuh fhda.Hhehs wkqu; fkdlrhs' oDIaGSka .@KhlsrSu hkq udkisl jsjD;Ndjh rys; ;;ajhls' nqoaOs jO!kh msksi th Wmldrj;a fkdfjz nqoaOs jO!kh is|=jkqfha jsjD;udkis; miq;,hla;,oSh' nq|=kajykafiaf.a Ou! foaYkd Y@jKhlr fndfydafofkl Ou!djfndaOh ,nd ud.!M, mila lr.kq ,enQfha Wkajykafiaf.a foaYkd Y@jKh l< wh;< lsis|= wdldrfha oDIagshla we;sjSug lsis|= bvla fkd;nd Y@jK l@shdj,sh werUSug fmr Tjqka;, ;snQ oDIaGSkao myj hk wdldrfhkaa ;u foaYkdjka Tjqkag Y@jKh jkakg ie,eiajQ nejsks'

4 mgsmdgs fyhska jsoY!kh lrkakd

fulS mrsoafoka wdodk kslafLzmdoS jsoY!kdfldg ms<sfj<ska oijk is;a olajd jsoY!kd lrkafka mgsmdgs fyhska jsoY!kd lrkakd kuzfjz'

oijsO jQ pska;kuh wOsldrhka j,ska f;drjQ ps;a; ixl,amhka jO!kh lsrSu ;,ska mgsmdgs fyhska jsorAYkd lsrSug yelsnj ld,du iQ;@h wkqj meyeos,sfjz'

wkqY@jh (Report)2 uZ.ska ,nd.kakd mgsmdgs fyhska jsorAYkd lsrSfuz jsOsl@uhka ms<snZo oekqu ;yjqre jSug kuz ;ukao th Ndjs;hg f.k jsuidn,d tu oekqu ;ukaf.a njg tkuz ;od;auShlrKhlg Ndckhlr.; hq;h' tfia fkdjkakdjQ mgsmdgs fyhska jsorAYkd lsrSfuz jsOsl@uhka fyj;a weiSuz wkqY@jh ud;@fldgf.k muKla tys ksjerosNdjh ukskq,nkafkkuz th ksjeros mgsmdgs fyhska jsorAYkd lsrSfuz l@shdj,shla fkdjk nj nq|=iuh mjihs'

tfukau mgsmdgs fyhska jsorAYkd lsrSfuz l@shdj,sfhaoS mdruzmrslNdjh(mruzmrdh Tradition)3 mokuzlrf.k tu mgsmdgs fyhska jsorAYkd lsrSfuz jsOsl@uhka ksjeroshehs ;SrKhlg t<USu ksjeros fkdfjz n@dyauKhkaf.a fjzoh iuznJOfhkao Tjqka yqjd olajkafka tu weiSuz mdruzmrsljk nejska tajd ksrjoHjk njhs' mrmqfrys meusKsh;a tu Y@jKhka mokuz jS we;af;a i;H milalsrSug jvd ;u;ukaf.a wd.usl wrA:oelajSuz yqjd oelajSug jk nejska tajd ksjeros Y@jKhka fkdfjz'

tfukau mgsmdgs fyhska jsorAYkd lsrSfuz l@shdj,sfhaoS fufia fmrlshd ;sfnzhkak(b;slsrdh Prologue ; Presuppose)4 mokuzlr f.k tu mgsmdgs fyhska jsorAYkd lsrSfuz jsOsl@uhka ksjeroshehs ;SrKhlg t<USu ksjeros fkdfjz' fmrlshd ;snqkqnj hkak mgsmdgs fyhska jsorAYkd lsrSfuz l@shdj,sh ;, fm#rdKslFjh yd ineZ|=kq fohla jkjd usi tu mgsmdgs fyhska

1 w' ks' 1";sl ksmd;h"uydj.a.h ld,du iq;a;"nq'c'uq"377-343 msgq' ud osgzGs kscACOdklaLka;shdud osgzGs kscACOdklaLka;shdud osgzGs kscACOdklaLka;shdud osgzGs kscACOdklaLka;shd 2 tu ud wkqiaifjzkud wkqiaifjzkud wkqiaifjzkud wkqiaifjzk 3 tu ud mruzmrdhud mruzmrdhud mruzmrdhud mruzmrdh 4 tu ud b;slsrdhud b;slsrdhud b;slsrdhud b;slsrdh

jsorAYkd lsrSfuz jsOsl@uhka ksjerosnj ;yjqrelsrSfuys,d usKquz oKavla lr .ekSu idjoHnj nq|=iuh olajhs'

tfukau mgsmdgs fyhska jsorAYkd lsrSfuz l@shdj,sfhysoS msgl iuzmodh(Given in the Scripture)1 mokuzlrf.k tu mgsmdgs fyhska jsorAYkd lsrSfuz jsOsl@uhka ksjeroshehs ;SrKhlg t<USu ksjeros fkdfjz' f,aLk.;nj hkak wd.usl woyia ixrCIKfhys,d bjy,ajk l@ufjzohla usi tu mgsmdgs fyhska jsorAYkd lsrSfuz jsOsl@uhka ksjerosnj ;yjqrelsrSfuys,d th usKquz oKavla lr.ekSu nq|=iuh wkqu; fkdlrhs'

tfukau mgsmdgs fyhska jsorAYkd lsrSfuz l@shdj,sfhysoS ;rAlkh(Logical Implication)2 mokuzlrf.k tu mgsmdgs fyhska jsorAYkd lsrSfuz jsOsl@uhka ksjeroshehs ;SrKhlg t<USu wfhda.Hh ;drAlslnj hkak hula ta;a; .ekajSfuz ls@hdj,sfhysoS Bg wdOdr WmldrSjk woyia yd mgsmdgs fyhska jsorAYkd lsrSfuz jsOsl@uhka bosrsm;a lsrSfuz jsOsl@uhla jkjd yefrkakg tlS woyia yd mgsmdgs fyhska jsorAYkd lsrSfuz jsOsl@uhka ksjerosnj ;yjqrelsrSfuys,d th usKquz oZvqjla lr.ekSu nq|=iuh wkqu; fkdlrhs'

tfukau mgsmdgs fyhska jsorAYkd lsrSfuz l@shdj,sfhysoS kHdhdkQidrSjSu(Nomalogical)3 mokuz lrf.k tu mgsmdgs fyhska jsorAYkd lsrSfuz jsOsl@uhka ksjeros hehs ;SrKhlg t<USu wfhda.Hh' kHdkQidrSjSu hkak hula fuz whqrska mgsmdgs fyhska jsorAYkd lsrSu l< hq;hehs ks.ukhla ,ndoS ;snqKq l@shdoduhlgu wkq.;j tu mgsmdgs fyhska jsorAYkd lsrSu is|=lrkjd yefrkakg jspdrmQrAjl jSfuys lsis|= bvlvla ta ;,ska fkdiemfha tfukau taksid th mdol fldgf.k tlS mgsmdgs fyhska jsorAYkd lsrSfuz jsOsl@uhkays ksjerosnj ;yjqre lsrSfuys,d th tlu usKquz oKavla lr.ekSu nq|=iuh wkqu; fkdlrhs'

tfukau mgsmdgs fyhska jsorAYkd lsrSfuz l@shdj,sfhaoS huz fohla jkafka fuz whqrska hehs(wdldr mrsjs;rAlh Diversification of Thought)4 ;ukaf.a mQj!ixl,amkhka mdol fldgf.k tu mgsmdgs fyhska jsorAYkd lsrSfuz jsOsl@uhka ms<snZoj ksjeros ;SrKhlg t<USu wfhda.Hnj nq|=iuh fmkajdfohs' idys;HOrhka l,dlrejka ;u ksu!dK jia;nSc iZoyd fnfyjska fuu mQj!ixl,amkd Ndjs;dlr;s' tksid mQj!ixl,amhkhka lsishuz ksu!dKd;aul lghq;a;lg yerekqfldg mgsmdgs fyhska jsorAYkd lsrSfuz jsOsl@uhka jeks jsoHd;aul js.@yhkag t<Ushhq; wjia:dj,oS Ndjs;dlsrSu wfhda.Hh'

tfukau mgsmdgs fyhska jsorAYkd lsrSfuz l@shdj,sfhysoS jsh yelsnj fyj;a iuzNdjs;dj (NjH;dj Potentity)5 mdollrf.k tu mgsmdgs fyhska jsorAYkd lsrSfuz jsOsl@uhka ms<snZoj ksjeros ;SrKhlg t<USu wfhda.Hnj nq|=iuh fmkajdfohs' iuzNdjs;dj jkdyS lsishuz wkqudkhls tlS wkqudkhg mdollr.kafka tu lreKg iudk fjk;a mQj!w;aoelSuzh jsh yelsnj fyda fkdjshyels nj ;SrKh flfrkafka wjsksYaps; ;;ajhla mokuzlrf.k ksid fuz uZ.ska h:drA:jdoS wjfndaOhlalrd .ukal< fkdyelsnj nq|=iuh mjihs' ksYaps;jQ mgsmdgs fyhska jsorAYkd lsrSfuz jsOsl@uhka;, wjsksYaps; iajNdjhla ;snsh fkdyelsnejska nq|=iuh fuu

1 w' ks' 1";sl ksmd;h"uydj.a.h ld,du iq;a;"nq'c'uq"377-343 msgq' ud msgl iuzmodfkakud msgl iuzmodfkakud msgl iuzmodfkakud msgl iuzmodfkak 2 tu ud ;lal fya;`ud ;lal fya;`ud ;lal fya;`ud ;lal fya; 3 tu ud kh fya;`ud kh fya;`ud kh fya;`ud kh fya; 4 tu ud wdldr mrsjs;laflakud wdldr mrsjs;laflakud wdldr mrsjs;laflakud wdldr mrsjs;laflak 5 tu ud NnznrEm;dhud NnznrEm;dhud NnznrEm;dhud NnznrEm;dh

;;ajh h:drA:jdoS mgsmdgs fyhska jsorAYkd lsrSfuz jsOsl@uhkag ndOdldrSjkakla f,i fmkajdoS we;'

tfukau mgsmdgs fyhska jsorAYkd lsrSfuz l@shdj,sfhysoS lshkq,nkakd fyj;a .rejrhdf.a jpkh u;u t<US (iufKd fkd .re Cousultations of Preceptor)1 lsis|= pspdrmQj!l wdl,amhlska f;drj ks.ukj,g t<USu wfhda.Hnj nq|=iuh fmkajdfohs' .rejrhdf.a jpkhg ieuod ieufoku .rel< hq;h' tams<snZoj lsis|= lsis|= jsjdohla ;snsh fkdyel kuq;a fuys wvqmdvqj jkafka .rejrhdf.a jpkh YsIHhd fld;ruz wjfndaOfhka hq;j ms<smoskjdo hk ldrkhhs' jspdrmQj!l Ndjfha jeo.;alu biau;jkafka fukak fuz ia:dkfhaoShs we;euzjsg mgsmdgs fyhska jsorAYkd lsrSu b.ekajSfuz l@shdj,sfhysoS fjfyi wu;ljSuz jeks fya;ksid .rejrhdg huzhuz w;miqjSuz we;sjsh yelsh' tjsg uekjska ijka fok YsIHhdf.a hq;lujkafka ffu;@Siy.;j yd f.#rjmQrAjlj .rejrhdg tu ia:dk fmkajdoSuhs' uyd j.a.md,sfha j;a;laLJOlfhoS wdpdrAh WmdOHdh yd ioaOsjsydrsl j;aj,oS nq|=r|=ka fuz lreKq uekjska jsia;rlr oS ;sfnz'

tfukau mgsmdgs fyhska jsorAYkd lsrSfuz l@shdj,sfhysoS by; olajd we;s lreKq kjfh(9)ka uki wdjrKhlr.ksuska oDIaGs.;slj(osgzGs kscACOdklaLka;s Cousultations of Preceptor)2 tu mgsmdgs fyhska jsorAYkd lsrSfuz jsOsl@uhka ms<snZo ks.ukj,g meusKSu nq|=iuh fhda.Hhehs wkqu; fkdlrhs'oDIaGSka .@KhlsrSu hkq udkisl jsjD;Ndjh rys; ;;ajhls' nqoaOs jO!kh msksi th Wmldrj;a fkdfjz' nqoaOs jO!kh is|=jkqfha jsjD;udkis; miq;,hla;,oSh.nq|=kajykafiaf.a mgsmdgs fyhska jsorAYkd lsrSfuz jsOsl@uhka Y@jKhlr fndfydafofkl Ou!djfndaOh ,nd ud.!M, mila lr.kq ,enQfha Wkajykafiaf.a mgsmdgs fyhska jsorAYkd lsrSfuz jsOsl@uhka Y@jKh l< wh;< lsis|= wdldrfha oDIagshla we;sjSug lsis|= bvla fkd;nd mgsmdgs fyhska jsorAYkd lsrSfuz l@shdj,sh werUSug fmr Tjqka;, ;snQ oDIaGSkao myj hk wdldrfhkaa ;u mgsmdgs fyhska jsorAYkd lsrSfuz jsOsl@uhka Tjqkag Y@jKh jkakg ie,eiajQ nejsks'

5 oDIags Woa>dg fyhska jsoY!kd lrkakd

wk;a;dkqmiaikd jsiska wd;auhhs fkdolakd nejska wd;auoDIags W.ZMjk jsoY!kd lrkafka oDIags Woa>dg fyhska jsoY!kd lrkakd kuz fjz'

oijsO jQ pska;kuh wOsldrhka j,ska f;drjQ ps;a; ixl,amhka jO!kh lsrSu ;,ska oDIags Woa>dg fyhska jsorAYkd lsrSug yelsnj ld,du iQ;@h wkqj meyeos,sfjz'

wkqY@jh (Report)3 uZ.ska ,nd.kakd oDIags Woa>dg fyhska jsorAYkd lsrSfuz jsOsl@uhka ms<snZo oekqu ;yjqre jSug kuz ;ukao th Ndjs;hg f.k jsuidn,d tu oekqu ;ukaf.a njg tkuz ;od;auShlKhlg Ndckhlr.; hq;h' tfia fkdjkakdjQ oDIags Woa>dg fyhska jsorAYkd lsrSfuz jsOsl@uhka fyj;a weiSuz wkqY@jh ud;@fldgf.k muKla tys ksjerosNdjh ukskq,nkafkkuz th ksjeros oDIags Woa>dg fyhska jsorAYkd lsrSfuz l@shdj,shla fkdjk nj nq|=iuh mjihs'

1 w' ks' 1";sl ksmd;h"uydj.a.h ld,du iq;a;"nq'c'uq"377-343 msgq' ud iufKda fkda .rE;ud iufKda fkda .rE;ud iufKda fkda .rE;ud iufKda fkda .rE;s 2 tu ud osgzGs kscACOdklaLka;shdud osgzGs kscACOdklaLka;shdud osgzGs kscACOdklaLka;shdud osgzGs kscACOdklaLka;shd 3 tu ud wkqiaifjzkud wkqiaifjzkud wkqiaifjzkud wkqiaifjzk

tfukau oDIags Woa>dg fyhska jsorAYkd lsrSfuz l@shdj,sfhaoS mdruzmrslNdjh(mruzmrdh Tradition)1 mokuzlrf.k tu oDIags Woa>dg fyhska jsorAYkd lsrSfuz jsOsl@uhka ksjeroshehs ;SrKhlg t<USu ksjeros fkdfjz' n@dyauKhkaf.a fjzoh iuznJOfhkao Tjqka yqjd olajkafka tu weiSuz mdruzmrsljk nejska tajd ksrjoHjk njhs' mrmqfrys meusKsh;a tu Y@jKhka mokuz jS we;af;a i;H milalsrSug jvd ;u;ukaf.a wd.usl wrA:oelajSuz yqjd oelajSug jk nejska tajd ksjeros Y@jKhka fkdfjz'

tfukau oDIags Woa>dg fyhska jsorAYkd lsrSfuz l@shdj,sfhaoS fufia fmrlshd ;sfnzhkak(b;slsrdh Prologue ; Presuppose)2 mokuzlr f.k tu oDIags Woa>dg fyhska jsorAYkd lsrSfuz jsOsl@uhka ksjeroshehs ;SrKhlg t<USu ksjeros fkdfjz' fmrlshd ;snqkqnj hkak oDIags Woa>dg fyhska jsorAYkd lsrSfuz l@shdj,sh ;, fm#rdKslFjh yd ineZ|=kq fohla jkjd usi tu oDIags Woa>dg fyhska jsorAYkd lsrSfuz jsOsl@uhka ksjerosnj ;yjqrelsrSfuys,d usKquz oKavla lr .ekSu idjoHnj nq|=iuh olajhs '

tfukau oDIags Woa>dg fyhska jsorAYkd lsrSfuz l@shdj,sfhysoS msgl iuzmodh(Given in the Scripture) 3mokuzlrf.k tu oDIags Woa>dg fyhska jsorAYkd lsrSfuz jsOsl@uhka ksjeroshehs ;SrKhlg t<USu ksjeros fkdfjz' f,aLk.;nj hkak wd.usl woyia ixrCIKfhys,d bjy,ajk l@ufjzohla usi tu oDIags Woa>dg fyhska jsorAYkd lsrSfuz jsOsl@uhka ksjerosnj ;yjqrelsrSfuys,d th usKquz oKavla lr.ekSu nq|=iuh wkqu; fkdlrhs'

tfukau oDIags Woa>dg fyhska jsorAYkd lsrSfuz l@shdj,sfhysoS ;rAlkh(Logical Implication)4 mokuzlrf.k tu oDIags Woa>dg fyhska jsorAYkd lsrSfuz jsOsl@uhka ksjeroshehs ;SrKhlg t<USu wfhda.Hh ;drAlslnj hkak hula ta;a; .ekajSfuz ls@hdj,sfhysoS Bg wdOdr WmldrSjk woyia yd oDIags Woa>dg fyhska jsorAYkd lsrSfuz jsOsl@uhka bosrsm;a lsrSfuz jsOsl@uhla jkjd yefrkakg tlS woyia yd oDIags Woa>dg fyhska jsorAYkd lsrSfuz jsOsl@uhka ksjerosnj ;yjqrelsrSfuys,d th usKquz oZvqjla lr.ekSu nq|=iuh wkqu; fkdlrhs'

tfukau oDIags Woa>dg fyhska jsorAYkd lsrSfuz l@shdj,sfhysoS kHdhdkQidrSjSu(Nomalogical)5 mokuz lrf.k tu oDIags Woa>dg fyhska jsorAYkd lsrSfuz jsOsl@uhka ksjeros hehs ;SrKhlg t<USu wfhda.Hh' kHdkQidrSjSu hkak hula fuz whqrska oDIags Woa>dg fyhska jsorAYkd lsrSu l< hq;hehs ks.ukhla ,ndoS ;snqKq l@shdoduhlgu wkq.;j tu oDIags Woa>dg fyhska jsorAYkd lsrSu is|=lrkjd yefrkakg jspdrmQrAjl jSfuys lsis|= bvlvla ta ;,ska fkdiemfha' tfukau taksid th mdol fldgf.k tlS oDIags Woa>dg fyhska jsorAYkd lsrSfuz jsOsl@uhkays ksjerosnj ;yjqre lsrSfuys,d th tlu usKquz oKavla lr.ekSu nq|=iuh wkqu; fkdlrhs'

tfukau oDIags Woa>dg fyhska jsorAYkd lsrSfuz l@shdj,sfhaoS huz fohla jkafka fuz whqrska hehs (wdldr mrsjs;rAlh Diversification of Thought)6 ;ukaf.a mQj!ixl,amkhka mdol fldgf.k tu oDIags Woa>dg fyhska jsorAYkd lsrSfuz jsOsl@uhka ms<snZoj ksjeros ;SrKhlg t<USu wfhda.Hnj nq|=iuh fmkajdfohs' idys;HOrhka l,dlrejka ;u ksu!dK jia;nSc iZoyd

1 w' ks' 1";sl ksmd;h"uydj.a.h ld,du iq;a;"nq'c'uq"377-343 msgq' ud mruzmrdhud mruzmrdhud mruzmrdhud mruzmrdh 2 tu ud b;slsrdhud b;slsrdhud b;slsrdhud b;slsrdh 3 tu ud msgl iuzmodfkakud msgl iuzmodfkakud msgl iuzmodfkakud msgl iuzmodfkak 4 tu ud ;lal fya;`ud ;lal fya;`ud ;lal fya;`ud ;lal fya; 5 tu ud kh fya;`ud kh fya;`ud kh fya;`ud kh fya; 6 w' ks' 1";sl ksmd;h"uydj.a.h ld,du iq;a;"nq'c'uq"377-343 msgq' ud wdldr mrsjs;laflakud wdldr mrsjs;laflakud wdldr mrsjs;laflakud wdldr mrsjs;laflak

fnfyjska fuu mQj! ixl,amkd Ndjs;dlr;s' tksid mQj!ixl,amhkhka lsishuz ksu!dKd;aul lghq;a;lg yerekq fldg oDIags Woa>dg fyhska jsorAYkd lsrSfuz jsOsl@uhka jeks jsoHd;aul js.@yhkag t<Ushhq; wjia:dj,oS Ndjs;dlsrSu wfhda.Hh'

tfukau oDIags Woa>dg fyhska jsorAYkd lsrSfuz l@shdj,sfhysoS jsh yelsnj fyj;a iuzNdjs;dj (NjH;dj Potentity)1 mdollrf.k tu oDIags Woa>dg fyhska jsorAYkd lsrSfuz jsOsl@uhka ms<snZoj ksjeros ;SrKhlg t<USu wfhda.Hnj nq|=iuh fmkajdfohs iuzNdjs;dj jkdyS lsishuz wkqudkhls tlS wkqudkhg mdollr.kafka tu lreKg iudk fjk;a mQj!w;aoelSuzh' jsh yelsnj fyda fkdjshyels nj ;SrKh flfrkafka wjsksYaps; ;;ajhla mokuzlrf.k ksid fuz uZ.ska h:drA:jdoS wjfndaOhlalrd .ukal< fkdyelsnj nq|=iuh mjihs' ksYaps;jQ oDIags Woa>dg fyhska jsorAYkd lsrSfuz jsOsl@uhka;, wjsksYaps; iajNdjhla ;snsh fkdyelsnejska nq|=iuh fuu ;;ajh h:drA:jdoS oDIags Woa>dg fyhska jsorAYkd lsrSfuz jsOsl@uhkag ndOdldrSjkakla f,i fmkajdoS we;'

tfukau oDIags Woa>dg fyhska jsorAYkd lsrSfuz l@shdj,sfhysoS lshkq,nkakd fyj;a .rejrhdf.a jpkh u;u t<US (iufKd fkd .re Cousultations of Preceptor)2 lsis|= pspdrmQj!l wdl,amhlska f;drj ks.ukj,g t<USu wfhda.Hnj nq|=iuh fmkajdfohs' .rejrhdf.a jpkhg ieuod ieufoku .rel< hq;h tams<snZoj lsis|= lsis|= jsjdohla ;snsh fkdyel kuq;a fuys wvqmdvqj jkafka .rejrhdf.a jpkh YsIHhd fld;ruz wjfndaOfhka hq;j ms<smoskjdo hk ldrkhhs' jspdrmQj!l Ndjfha jeo.;alu biau;jkafka fukak fuz ia:dkfhaoShs' we;euzjsg oDIags Woa>dg fyhska jsorAYkd lsrSfuz jsOsl@uhka b.ekajSfuz l@shdj,sfhysoS fjfyi wu;ljSuz jeks fya;ksid .rejrhdg huzhuz w;miqjSuz we;sjsh yelsh' tjsg uekjska ijka fok YsIHhdf.a hq;lujkafka ffu;@Siy.;j yd f.#rjmQrAjlj .rejrhdg tu ia:dk fmkajdoSuhs' uyd j.a.md,sfha j;a;laLJOlfhoS wdpdrAh WmdOHdh yd ioaOsjsydrsl j;aj,oS nq|=r|=ka fuz lreKq uekjska jsia;rlr oS ;sfnz'

tfukau oDIags Woa>dg fyhska jsorAYkd lsrSfuz l@shdj,sfhysoS by; olajd we;s lreKq kjfh(9)ka uki wdjrKhlr.ksuska oDIaGs.;slj(osgzGs kscACOdklaLka;s Cousultations of Preceptor)3 tu wikq,nk foa ms<snZo ks.ukj,g meusKSu nq|=iuh fhda.Hhehs wkqu; fkdlrhs oDIaGSka .@KhlsrSu hkq udkisl jsjD;Ndjh rys; ;;ajhls' nqoaOs jO!kh msksi th Wmldrj;a fkdfjz' nqoaOs jO!kh is|=jkqfha jsjD;udkis; miq;,hla;,oSh' nq|=kajykafiaf.a Ou! foaYkd Y@jKhlr fndfydafofkl Ou!djfndaOh ,nd ud.!M, mila lr.kq ,enQfha Wkajykafiaf.a oDIags Woa>dg fyhska jsorAYkd lsrSfuz jsOsl@uhka Y@jKh l< wh;< lsis|= wdldrfha oDIagshla we;sjSug lsis|= bvla fkd;nd oDIags Woa>dg fyhska jsorAYkd lsrSfuz l@shdj,sh werUSug fmr Tjqka;, ;snQ oDIaGSkao myj hk wdldrfhkaa ;u oDIags Woa>dg fyhska jsorAYkd lsrSfuz jsOsl@uhka Tjqkag Y@jKh jkakg ie,eiajQ nejsks'

6 udk iuq.a>d; fyhska jsoY!kd lrkakd

wkspzpdkqmiaikd jsiska udkhg jia;jQ uekjla fkdokakd nejska udk kik jsiska jsoY!kd lrkafka udk iuq.a>d; fyhska jsoY!kd lrkakd kuz fjz'

1 tu ud NnznrEm;dhud NnznrEm;dhud NnznrEm;dhud NnznrEm;dh 2 tu ud iufKda fkda .rE;ud iufKda fkda .rE;ud iufKda fkda .rE;ud iufKda fkda .rE;s 3 tu ud osgzGs kscACOdklaLka;shdud osgzGs kscACOdklaLka;shdud osgzGs kscACOdklaLka;shdud osgzGs kscACOdklaLka;shd

oijsO jQ pska;kuh wOsldrhka j,ska f;drjQ ps;a; ixl,amhka jO!kh lsrSu ;,ska udk iuq.a>d; fyhska jsorAYkd lsrSfuz yelsnj ld,du iQ;@h wkqj meyeos,sfjz'

wkqY@jh (Report)1 uZ.ska ,nd.kakd udk iuq.a>d; fyhska jsorAYkd lsrSfuz jsOsl@uhka ms<snZo oekqu ;yjqre jSug kuz ;ukao th Ndjs;hg f.k jsuidn,d tu oekqu ;ukaf.a njg tkuz ;od;auShlKhlg Ndckhlr.; hq;h' tfia fkdjkakdjQ udk iuq.a>d; fyhska jsorAYkd lsrSfuz jsOsl@uhka fyj;a weiSuz wkqY@jh ud;@fldgf.k muKla tys ksjerosNdjh ukskq,nkafkkuz th ksjeros udk iuq.a>d; fyhska jsorAYkd lsrSfuz l@shdj,shla fkdjk nj nq|=iuh mjihs'

tfukau udk iuq.a>d; fyhska jsorAYkd lsrSfuz l@shdj,sfhaoS mdruzmrslNdjh(mruzmrdh Tradition)2 mokuzlrf.k tu udk iuq.a>d; fyhska jsorAYkd lsrSfuz jsOsl@uhka ksjeroshehs ;SrKhlg t<USu ksjeros fkdfjz' n@dyauKhkaf.a fjzoh iuznJOfhkao Tjqka yqjd olajkafka tu weiSuz mdruzmrsljk nejska tajd ksrjoHjk njhs' mrmqfrys meusKsh;a tu udk iuq.a>d; fyhska jsorAYkd lsrSfuz jsOsl@uhka mokuz jS we;af;a i;H milalsrSug jvd ;u;ukaf.a wd.usl wrA:oelajSuz yqjd oelajSug jk nejska tajd ksjeros udk iuq.a>d; fyhska jsorAYkd lsrSfuz jsOsl@uhka fkdfjz'

tfukau udk iuq.a>d; fyhska jsorAYkd lsrSfuz l@shdj,sfhaoS fufia fmrlshd ;sfnzhkak(b;slsrdh Prologue ; Presuppose)3 mokuzlr f.k tu udk iuq.a>d; fyhska jsorAYkd lsrSfuz jsOsl@uhka ksjeroshehs ;SrKhlg t<USu ksjeros fkdfjz' fmrlshd ;snqkqnj hkak udk iuq.a>d; fyhska jsorAYkd lsrSfuz l@shdj,sh ;, fm#rdKslFjh yd ineZ|=kq fohla jkjd usi tu udk iuq.a>d; fyhska jsorAYkd lsrSfuz jsOsl@uhka ksjerosnj ;yjqrelsrSfuys,d usKquz oKavla lr .ekSu idjoHnj nq|=iuh olajhs'

tfukau udk iuq.a>d; fyhska jsorAYkd lsrSfuz l@shdj,sfhysoS msgl iuzmodh(Given in the Scripture) 4mokuzlrf.k tu udk iuq.a>d; fyhska jsorAYkd lsrSfuz jsOsl@uhka ksjeroshehs ;SrKhlg t<USu ksjeros fkdfjz' f,aLk.;nj hkak wd.usl woyia ixrCIKfhys,d bjy,ajk l@ufjzohla usi tu udk iuq.a>d; fyhska jsorAYkd lsrSfuz jsOsl@uhka ksjerosnj ;yjqrelsrSfuys,d th usKquz oKavla lr.ekSu nq|=iuh wkqu; fkdlrhs'

tfukau udk iuq.a>d; fyhska jsorAYkd lsrSfuz l@shdj,sfhysoS ;rAlkh(Logical Implication)5 mokuzlrf.k tu udk iuq.a>d; fyhska jsorAYkd lsrSfuz jsOsl@uhka ksjeroshehs ;SrKhlg t<USu wfhda.Hh' ;drAlslnj hkak hula ta;a; .ekajSfuz ls@hdj,sfhysoS Bg wdOdr WmldrSjk woyia yd udk iuq.a>d; fyhska jsorAYkd lsrSfuz jsOsl@uhka bosrsm;a lsrSfuz jsOsl@uhla jkjd yefrkakg tlS woyia yd udk iuq.a>d; fyhska jsorAYkd lsrSfuz jsOsl@uhka ksjerosnj ;yjqrelsrSfuys,d th usKquz oZvqjla lr.ekSu nq|=iuh wkqu; fkdlrhs'

1 w' ks' 1";sl ksmd;h"uydj.a.h ld,du iq;a;"nq'c'uq"377-343 msgq' ud wkqiaifjzkud wkqiaifjzkud wkqiaifjzkud wkqiaifjzk 2 tu ud mruzmrdhud mruzmrdhud mruzmrdhud mruzmrdh 3 tu ud b;slsrdhud b;slsrdhud b;slsrdhud b;slsrdh 4 tu ud msgl iuzmodfkakud msgl iuzmodfkakud msgl iuzmodfkakud msgl iuzmodfkak 5 w' ks' 1";sl ksmd;h"uydj.a.h ld,du iq;a;"nq'c'uq"377-343 msgq' ud ;lal fya;`ud ;lal fya;`ud ;lal fya;`ud ;lal fya;

tfukau udk iuq.a>d; fyhska jsorAYkd lsrSfuz l@shdj,sfhysoS kHdhdkQidrSjSu(Nomalogical)1 mokuz lrf.k tu udk iuq.a>d; fyhska jsorAYkd lsrSfuz jsOsl@uhka ksjeros hehs ;SrKhlg t<USu wfhda.Hh' kHdkQidrSjSu hkak hula fuz whqrska udk iuq.a>d; fyhska jsorAYkd lsrSu l< hq;hehs ks.ukhla ,ndoS ;snqKq l@shdoduhlgu wkq.;j tu udk iuq.a>d; fyhska jsorAYkd lsrSu is|=lrkjd yefrkakg jspdrmQrAjl jSfuys lsis|= bvlvla ta ;,ska fkdiemfha' tfukau taksid th mdol fldgf.k tlS udk iuq.a>d; fyhska jsorAYkd lsrSfuz jsOsl@uhkays ksjerosnj ;yjqre lsrSfuys,d th tlu usKquz oKavla lr.ekSu nq|=iuh wkqu; fkdlrhs'

tfukau udk iuq.a>d; fyhska jsorAYkd lsrSfuz l@shdj,sfhaoS huz fohla jkafka fuz whqrska hehs(wdldr mrsjs;rAlh Diversification of Thought)2 ;ukaf.a mQj!ixl,amkhka mdol fldgf.k tu udk iuq.a>d; fyhska jsorAYkd lsrSfuz jsOsl@uhka ms<snZoj ksjeros ;SrKhlg t<USu wfhda.Hnj nq|=iuh fmkajdfohs' idys;HOrhka l,dlrejka ;u ksu!dK jia;nSc iZoyd fnfyjska fuu mQj!ixl,amkd Ndjs;dlr;s' tksid mQj!ixl,amhkhka lsishuz ksu!dKd;aul lghq;a;lg yerekqfldg jsoHd;aul js.@yhkag t<Ushhq; wjia:dj,oS Ndjs;dlsrSu wfhda.Hh'

tfukau udk iuq.a>d; fyhska jsorAYkd lsrSfuz l@shdj,sfhysoS jsh yelsnj fyj;a iuzNdjs;dj (NjH;dj Potentity)3 mdollrf.k tu wikq,nk foh ms<snZoj ksjeros ;SrKhlg t<USu wfhda.Hnj nq|=iuh fmkajdfoh's iuzNdjs;dj jkdyS lsishuz wkqudkhls' tlS wkqudkhg mdollr .kafka tu lreKg iudk fjk;a mQj!w;aoelSuzh' jsh yelsnj fyda fkdjshyels nj ;SrKh flfrkafka wjsksYaps; ;;ajhla mokuzlrf.k ksid fuz uZ.ska h:drA:jdoS wjfndaOhlalrd .ukal< fkdyelsnj nq|=iuh mjihs' ksYaps;jQ udk iuq.a>d; fyhska jsorAYkd lsrSfuz jsOsl@uhka;, wjsksYaps; iajNdjhla ;snsh fkdyelsnejska nq|=iuh fuu ;;ajh h:drA:jdoS udk iuq.a>d; fyhska jsorAYkd lsrSfuz jsOsl@uhkag ndOdldrSjkakla f,i fmkajdoS we;'

tfukau udk iuq.a>d; fyhska jsorAYkd lsrSfuz l@shdj,sfhysoS lshkq,nkakd fyj;a .rejrhdf.a jpkh u;u t<US (iufKd fkd .re Cousultations of Preceptor)4 lsis|= pspdrmQj!l wdl,amhlska f;drj ks.ukj,g t<USu wfhda.Hnj nq|=iuh fmkajdfohs .rejrhdf.a jpkhg ieuod ieufoku .rel< hq;h tams<snZoj lsis|= lsis|= jsjdohla ;snsh fkdyel kuq;a fuys wvqmdvqj jkafka .rejrhdf.a jpkh YsIHhd fld;ruz wjfndaOfhka hq;j ms<smoskjdo hk ldrkhhs' jspdrmQj!l Ndjfha jeo.;alu biau;jkafka fukak fuz ia:dkfhaoShs we;euzjsg udk iuq.a>d; fyhska jsorAYkd lsrSfuz l@shdj,sfhysoS fjfyi wu;ljSuz jeks fya;ksid .rejrhdg huzhuz w;miqjSuz we;sjsh yelsh' tjsg uekjska ijka fok YsIHhdf.a hq;lujkafka ffu;@Siy.;j yd f.#rjmQrAjlj .rejrhdg tu ia:dk fmkajdoSuhs uyd j.a.md,sfha j;a;laLJOlfhoS wdpdrAh WmdOHdh yd ioaOsjsydrsl j;aj,oS nq|=r|=ka fuz lreKq uekjska jsia;rlr oS ;sfnz'

tfukau udk iuq.a>d; fyhska jsorAYkd lsrSfuz l@shdj,sfhysoS by; olajd we;s lreKq kjfh(9)ka uki wdjrKhlr.ksuska oDIaGs.;sl j(osgzGs kscACOdklaLka;s Cousultations of Preceptor)5 tu wikq,nk foa ms<snZo ks.ukj,g meusKSu nq|=iuh fhda.Hhehs wkqu; fkdlrhs' fkdlrhs' oDIaGSka .@KhlsrSu hkq udkisl jsjD;Ndjh rys; ;;ajhls' nqoaOs jO!kh msksi th Wmldrj;a fkdfjz nqoaOs jO!kh is|=jkqfha jsjD;udkis; miq;,hla;,oSh' nq|=kajykafiaf.a Ou!

1 tu ud kh fya;`ud kh fya;`ud kh fya;`ud kh fya; 2 tu ud wdldr mrsjs;laflakud wdldr mrsjs;laflakud wdldr mrsjs;laflakud wdldr mrsjs;laflak 3 tu ud NnznrEm;dhud NnznrEm;dhud NnznrEm;dhud NnznrEm;dh 4 tu ud iufKda fkda .rE;ud iufKda fkda .rE;ud iufKda fkda .rE;ud iufKda fkda .rE;s 5 w' ks' 1";sl ksmd;h"uydj.a.h ld,du iq;a;"nq'c'uq"377-343 msgq' ud osgzGs kscACOdklaLka;shdud osgzGs kscACOdklaLka;shdud osgzGs kscACOdklaLka;shdud osgzGs kscACOdklaLka;shd

foaYkd uZ.ska udk iuq.a>d; fyhska jsorAYkd lsrSfuz jsOsl@uhka wkq.ukhlr fndfydafofkl Ou!djfndaOh ,nd ud.!M, mila lr.kq ,enQfha Wkajykafiaf.a udk iuq.a>d; fyhska jsorAYkd lsrSfuz jsOsl@uhka Y@jKh l< wh;< lsis|= wdldrfha oDIagshla we;sjSug lsis|= bvla fkd;nd udk iuq.a>d; fyhska jsorAYkd lsrSfuz l@shdj,sh werUSug fmr Tjqka;, ;snQ oDIaGSkao myj hk wdldrfhkaa ;u udk iuq.a>d; fyhska jsorAYkd lsrSfuz jsOsl@uhka Tjqkag Y@jKh jkakg ie,eiajQ nejsks'

7 ksldka;s mhH!dodk fyhska jsoY!kd lrkakd

|=laldkqmiaikd jsiska me;sh hq;jla fkdolakd nejska ksldka;s CIh lrk jsiska jsoY!kd lrkafka ksldka;s mhH!dodk fyhska jsoY!kd lrkakd kuzfjz'

by; lS mrsos ;s,lKq fufkys l<hq;hs' fuz iZoyd jsia;r jsYoaOs udrA.fhys oelafjz fuz whqrska ;s,CIK iuzuY!khfldg blans;sj WohjHh ne,sh hq;hs hg oelajqkq mrsos ff;@N~usl ixialdrhkaf.a ;@s,CIK iuzuY!kh fldg blans;s Tjqkaf.au m@;Hh jYfhka CIK jYfhka WohjHh ne,sh hq;hs' mZ[pialJO jYfhka th jsia;r lrf;d;a iu mKia wdldrfjz'

Woh kuz kdurEmkaf.a ksnzn;a;s ,CIK Wme;auh th kuz jsmrsKdu ,CIK Nx.h jSKdj jdokh lrk l,ays tys kdoh huz ;ekl ;snS tkafka fkdfjz' ke;s jk l,ays f.dia huz ;ekl /iajkafkao fkdfjz' jSKd WmjSKd mqreI jShH! hk fuz ;k ksid we;sj ke;sjkafkah' tfukau fuz kdurEmo huz ;ekl /iaj ;snS thska Wmoskafka fkdfjz ke;sjk l,ayso huz;ekl f.dia f.dv.efikafka fkdfjz' we;sj ke;s jkafkah' we;sjSu Wohhs' ke;sjSu jhhs' m@;Hh kuz lu!doshhs' CIK kuz ksnzn;a;s CIKh yd jh CIKhhs' WohjHh n,kakdjQ mxpialJOfhys wdldr my kuz

1 rEmialJOhdf.a m@;H jYfhka yd CIK jYfhka Woh jHh n,k wdldrh'

2 fjzokdialJOhdf.a m@;H jYfhka yd CIK jYfhka Woh jHh n,k wdldrh'

3 ixZ{dialJOhdf.a m@;H jYfhka yd CIK jYfhka Woh jHh n,k wdldrh'

4 ixialdrialJOhdf.a m@;H jYfhka yd CIK jYfhka Woh jHh n,k wdldrh'

5 jsZ[aZ[dKialJOhdf.a m@;H jYfhka yd CIK jYfhka Woh jHh n,k wdldrh'

1 rEmialJOhdf.a m@;H jYfhka yd CIK jYfhka Woh jHh n,k wdldrh

wjsoHd iuqofhka rEm iuqoh jkafkah' ;DIaKd iuqofhka rEm iuqoh jkafkah';DIaKd iuqohfhka rEm iuqoh jkafkah' lu! iuqofhka rEm iuqoh jkafkah wdydr iuqofhka rEm iuqoh jkafkah' fuz m@;H jYfhka n,k yegshs' rEmialJOhdf.a ksnzn;a;s ,CIKho n,kafkah' fuz lCIK jYfhka n,k iegshs'

wjsoHd ksfrdaOfhka rEm ksfrdaOh jkafkah' ;DIaKd ksfrdaOfhka rEm ksfrdaOh jkafkah' lu! ksfrdaOfhka rEm ksfrdaOh jkafkah' wdydr ksfrdaOfhka rEm ksfrdaOh jkafkah' fuz m@;H jYfhka n,k iegshs' rEmialJOhdf.a jsmrskdu ,CIKho n,kafkah' fuz CIK jYfhka n,k iegshs fiiafiyso jsia;rh fifua o;hq;hs'

2 fjzokdialJOhdf.a m@;H jYfhka yd CIK jYfhka Woh jHh n,k wdldrh

wjsoHd iuqofhka ;DIaKd iuqofhka lu!iuqofhka iamY! iuqofhka fjzokd iuqoh jkafkah' fjzokdjf.a ksnzn;a;s ,CIKho n,kafkah wjsoHd ksfrdaOfhka ;DIaKd ksfrdaOfhka lu! ksfrdaOfhka iamrAY ksfrdaOfhka fjzokd ksfrdaOh jkafkah fjzokdjf.a jsmrskdu ,CIho n,kafkah'

3 ixZ{dialJOhdf.a m@;H jYfhka yd CIK jYfhka Woh jHh n,k wdldrh

wjsoHd ;DIaKd lu! iamrAY iuqofhka ixZ{d iuqoh jkafkah' wxZ{djf.a ksnzn;a;s ,CIKho n,kafkah' wjsoHd ;DIaKd lu! iamrAY ksfrdaOfhka ixZ{d ksfrdaOh jkafkah' ixZ{djf.a jsmrsKdu ,CIKo n,kafkah'

4 ixialdrialJOhdf.a m@;H jYfhka yd CIK jYfhka Woh jHh n,k wdldrh

wjsoHd ;DIaKd lu! iamrAY iuqofhka ixialdr iuqoh jkafkah ixialdrhkaf.a ksnzn;a;s ,CIKho n,kafkah' wjsoHd ;DIaKd lu! iamrAY ksfrdaOfhka ixialdrhkaf.a ksfrdaOh jkafkah' ixialdrhkaf.a jsmrsKdu ,CIKho n,kafkah'

5 jsZ{dkialJOhdf.a m@;H jYfhka yd CIK jYfhka Woh jHh n,k wdldrh

wjsoHd ;DIaKd lu! kdurEm iuqofhka jsZ{dk iuqoh jkafkah jsZ{dkhdf.a ksnzn;a;s ,CIKho n,kafkah wjsoHd ;DIaKd lu! kdurEm ksfrdaOfhka jsZ{dk ksfrdaOh jkafkah jsZ{dkhdf.a jsmrskdu ,CIKho n,kafkah'

fufia iu mKia wdldrfhka Woh jHh n,;au Tyqf.a Z{dkh jsYo;r fjz ta Z{dkh ;reK jsoY!kd Z{dkh hehs lshkq ,efnz fufia n,kakd wdroaO jsoY!lhd hehs lshkq ,efnz'

fufia ;reK jsoY!kdZ{dkfhka hq;a wdroaO jsoY!lhdg TzNdi Z[dK mS;s miaioaOs iqL wOsfudlaL m.a.y WmgzGdk WfmlaLd kslka;s hk oY jsoY!fkdmlaf,aY my< jkafkah' ‘TNdfida mS;s miaioaOsTNdfida mS;s miaioaOsTNdfida mS;s miaioaOsTNdfida mS;s miaioaOs wOsfudlafLda p m.a.fyda iqLx Z{dKuqmgzGdkx WfmalaLd p kslka;S pwOsfudlafLda p m.a.fyda iqLx Z{dKuqmgzGdkx WfmalaLd p kslka;S pwOsfudlafLda p m.a.fyda iqLx Z{dKuqmgzGdkx WfmalaLd p kslka;S pwOsfudlafLda p m.a.fyda iqLx Z{dKuqmgzGdkx WfmalaLd p kslka;S p’hk .d:dfjka oi jsoY!fkdamlaf,aY olajd we;' tkuz

1 TzNdi

2 Z[dK

3 mS;s

4 miaioaOs

5 iqL

6 wOsfudlaL

7 m.a.y

8 WmgzGdk

9 WfmlaLd

10 kslka;s

1 TzNdi

TzNdi kuz jsoY!kd ps;a;fhka Wmokd YrSrdf,dalhhs' fuh we;euz flfklkag ;ud Wka m<Z.(wdikh) muKo we;euz flfklg Tzjrlh(ldurh) muKjo we;euz flfklkag jsydrh muKjo we;euz flfklkag .jz fo.jz wv fhd|=ka fhd|=ka fofhd|=ka wdos muKjo Wmoshs' nq|=rcdKkajykafiag oioyila f,dalOd;j mqrd Wmkafkah fuz Wmka l,ays we;euzyq ud.!h ,oafous M,hg meusKsfhushs is;d u; W;aidyh yer msh;s tnejska fuz jsorAYfkdamlaf,aYhs'

2 Z[dK

Z[dK kuz jsoY!kd m@Z{dh kdurEm fol Ou! msrsisZ|=;a ta mqoa.,hkag bJ|@jc@ fia ;SCIK jQ w;sjsYo kqjfKla my< jkafkah

3 mS;s

mS;s kuz jsoY!kd mS;sh tjsg Tyqf.a uqZM isrer miajkla m@S;sfhka hkafkah'

4 miaioaOs

miaioaOs kuz ldh miaioaOs yd ps;a;miaioaOsh ldh ps;a;hkaf.a or: |=re lruska ieye,a,q nfjla jkafkah thska Tyqg wudkqi r;shla we;sfjz'

5 iqL

iqL kuz jsoY!kd iqLh Tyqf.a uqZM isrer f;uuska w;sm@KS; iqjfhla jkafkah'

6 wOsfudlaL

wOsfudlaL kuz Y@oaOdOsfudlaIh Tyqg w;sYh m@ido ckl n,j;a Y@oaOdjla jkafkah'

7 m.a.y

m.a.y kuz jShH!h is:s,o fkdjQ w;HdrnzO o fkdjQ m@.Dys; jShH!hla jkafkah'

8 WmgzGdk

WmgzGdk kuz iauD;sh jsoY!kd iuzm@hqla; jQ mj!; rdcfhla fia wp, isyshla jkafkah'

9 WfmalaLd

WfmalaLd kuz jsoY!kd WfmaCIdj yd wdjrAck WfmaCIdjhs to Tyqg ;shqKqj Wmoskafkah'

10 kslka;s

kslka;s kuz isyska ;DIaKdjhs TzNdidoS iys; jsoY!kdjg wd,h lruska isyskajQ ;DIaKdjla jkafkah fuz ksldka;shu jsoY!fkdmlaf,aY hhs lsh hq;h' TzNdidosh thg jia; jk nejska Wmlaf,aY jsh'

fuz TzNdidosh Wmkal< ‘ug fuhska fmr funZ|= wd,dalhla Z{dkhla m@S;shla miaioaOshla iqLhla wOsfudlaLhla jshH!hla iauD;shla WfmaCIdjla kQmkafkah' oeka ta Wmkafkah' taldka;fhka uu ud.!h ,oafous' M,hg meusKsfhushs' Tyqg wud.!fhys ud.!ixZ{djla wM,fhys M, ixZ{djla jkafkah' boska tlS mqoa.,hd wjHla;fhla kuz fuhska wOsudkj jefghs' jHla;fhla kuz tjsgu isys Wmojd yd ug ta TzNdidosfhys uuh udf.a hhs udf.a wd;auh hhs ksldukdldrhla fjhs' fuz f,dalda;a;r Ou!hla kuz tnkaola fkdjkafkah' taldka;fhka fuz Wmkafka ixlaf,aY Ou!hls' th jegqfkd;a ug ksjkauZ. wejsfrhs' iir uZ. fy,sfjhs' tfyhska tys,d ;s,lKq jvd ksldka;sh |=refldg f.k jsoY!kd jS:sh i,id .kafkushs is;d ta TzNdidoshu wks;H |=%L wkd;au jYfhka i,lkafkah tfia i,ld .kakd Z[dKh u.a.du.a. Z[dKoiaik jsiqoaOsh hhs o;hq;h' ud.!jQ TzNdidosfhys ud.!ixZ{du,fhka o hf:dala; kslka;s u,fhkao msrsis|= jk nejska fuz u.a.du.a. Z[dK oiaik jsiqoaOs kuz fjz'

oeka fuz mqoa.,hd osgzGs jsiqoaOsfhka |=%L i;Hho lxLdjs;rK jsiqoaOsfhka iuqoh i;Hho u.a.d u.a.Z[dK oiaik jsiqoaOsfhka ud.! i;Hho jHjia:d lr.kakd ,oehs o;hq;h'

6 mgsmod Z[dK oiaik jsiqoaOsh

u.a.d u.a. Z[dK oiaik jsiqoaOshg wk;rej mgsmod Z[dK oiaik jsiqoaOshg meusKsh hq;hs'

mgsmod Z[dK oiaik jsiqoaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaOs kuz kjjsO jsoY!kd Z{dKhka Wmojd .ekSuhs WohjHhZ{dK Nx.Z{dkdos jYfhka by; oelajqfka fuzh my; oelafjkafka tlS kjjsO jsoY!kd Z{dKhkah tkuz

1 Wohnznhdmiaikd Z[dKh'

2 Nx.dkqqmiaikd Z[dKh'

3 Nh;mgzGdk Z[dKh'

4 wdoSkjdkqmiaikd Z[dKh'

5 ksnznsodkqmiaikd Z[dKh'

6 uqZ[aps;luH;d Z[dKh'

7 mgsixLdkqmiaikd Z[dKh'

8 ixLdrefmlaLd Z[dKh'

9 ipzpdkqf,dul Z[dKh'

1 Wohnznhdkqmiaikd Z[dKh

Wohnznhdkqmiaikd Z[dKh kuz Who yd jHh n,k kqjKh fuz wdosfhyso ,oafoa fkdfjzo$tfiah wdosfhyso ,oafoah' tfy;a th jsorAYfkdamlaf,aYhkaf.ka ls,sgs jsh' tnejska h:djirfhka ;@s,CIK fufkysl< fkdyels jsh' oeka fuz Wmlaf,Yhkaf.ka us|=Kq nejska fudkjg fufkyl< yelsh' ta nejska ta iZoyd kej;o fuz fhda.Hhs'

lula fufkys fkdlsrSu ksid lula m@;spxkakjSu ksid lulska m@;spskakjSu ksid ;@s,CIK ukdj fkdjegfyao$WojHhdoS fufkys fkdlsrSu ksid ika;;sfhka m@;spzPskak jSu ksid wks;H ,CIKh fkdjegfya' ks;r we;s mSvd fufkys fkdlsrSu ksid brshjzj,ska m@;spzPskak jSu ksid |=%L,CIKh fkdjegfya' kd kd O; jsksfNda.!h fufkys fkdlsrSu ksid >kfhka m@;spzPskakjSu ksid wkd;au ,CIKh fkdjegfya kd kd Od; jsksfN!.dh fufkfys fkdlsrSu ksid >kfhka m@;spzPskakjSu ksid wkd;au ,CIKh fkdjegfya' WohjHosh fufkys lsrSuz wdosfhka ;@s,CIK ukdj jegfya' oeka ta mqoa.,hd Wmlaf,aYhkaf.ka us|=Kq jS:sm@;smkak jsoY!kd ixLHd; Wohnznh miaikd Z[dKfhka ;@s,CIK ukdj fufkys lrhs'

2 Nx.dkqmiaikd Z[dKh

tfia fufkys fldg kej; kej;;a wks;H |=%Lh wkd;auhhs rEmdrEm Ou! msrsis|=;a Tyqf.a kqjK ;shqKq fjhs ixialdr jy jyd jegfyhs kqjK ;shqKqj;au ixialdr jy jyd jegfy;au Tyqf.a isysh W;amdo is:s;s m@jD;a;s ksus;af;ys fkdisg CIh jHh fNo ksfrdaOfhys u isgskafkah' tfia Nx.h okakd kqjK Nx.dkqmiaikd Z[dKhhs' fy;u Wmka rEmdoskaf.a Nx.h oel ta rEmdosh wruqKqfldg Wmka ps;a;hkaf.ao Nx.h olskafkah' uyjeis jiakd l, .xf;rl fyda fmdlKq f;frl fyda isg n,kafklg osh nqnqZM keZ. jy jyd nsZos nsZoS hkq fmfkhs tfuka fy;u ixialdrhkaf.a Nx.djia:dju olafkah'

3 Nh;mgzGdk Z[dKh

tfia Nx.dkqmiaikd Z[dKfhka ish,q ixialdrhkaf.a Nx.h ol;a ol;a Tyqg ixialdr iqjfia cSj;ajkq leue;a;yqg isxy jHd>@ fldgs j<ia hCI rdCIhka fuka Nh cklj jegfykafkah' w;S; ixialdr nsZoS .sfhah' jrA;udk ixialdr fufiau nsZoS hkafkahhs Tyqg jegfyhs' mq;ka ;`ka fofklka we;s ia;s@hls' rc mq;kaf.a ysia .id oukakg wK lf<ah jOlfhda weh n,dysZos;aoSu tla mq;@fhlf.a ysi iskafoah' fojekakdf.a ysi fufi isZoshs' Tz ;kajekakd flfrysZ|= wfmaCIdj yermshkakSh' taldka;fhka ysi isZosk nejsks' fuz mqoa.,hdo w;S; ixialdr nsZoS .shdoel j;!udk ixialdr nsfZokq oel wkd.; ixialdr flfrys o nsfZo;shs ;SrKh lrkafkah' fuz Nh;mgzGdkh nsh jSulau fkdfjz' ;SrKhls' .sksj<la |=gq kqjKe;af;l yg nsh fuka Wmoskafka nshu fkdfjz' fuys jegS usksiaiq uefr;shs ;SrKhls' fuz;a tnZ|= hehs o;hq;h'

4 wdoSkjdkqmiaikd Z[dKh

fufia Nh;mgzGdk Z[dKfhka ixialdr nsh jYfhk ol;a ol;a Tyqg Nj.;sfhys I;aFjdjdi ixLHd; lsis ;efklays ;dkfhla f,Kfhla m@;sIaGdfjla we;ehs fkdis;kafkah' lsis ;ekl lsis ixialdrhl m@d:!kdjla mrudihla fkdjkafkah' Nj;@h llshk wZ.re msreK .sksj,la fukao i;r uyd N~; jsIf>dar im!hka fukao mZCoapilJO lvqwfudrd.;a jOlhka

fukao wdOHd;ausl wdh;k YkH .uz fukao ndysrdh;k .uz myrk fidreka fukao ima; jsZ{dk ia:s;s fyda kj i;Fjdjdi tfldf<dia .skafkka wejs< .;a;la fukao kSrij ksriajdoj uyd wdoSkj rdYshlaj jegfykafkah' iqjfia cSj;ajkq leu;s mqreIfhl jkhlg jkal< Tyq jkh pKav i;ka iys; fukao .yd fldgs j,ia iys; fukao cmia:dk osh rlika we;s ;eka fukao jegfykafkah' fya nsh m;aj ta jkfhys wdoSkju olafkah' fuz mqoa.,hdo tfia Nh jYfhka |=gq ixialdrhka flfrys wdoSkj olafkah' tfia wdoSkj olakd kqjK wdoSkjdkqmiaikd Z[dKhhs'

5 ksnznsodkqmiaikd Z[dKh

wdoSkj |=gq ta ixialdrhka flfrys .jr jf<ys iajrAK rdc yxidhd fia fuz mqoa.,hd fkdwef,kafkah' l,lsfrkafkah' tfia fkdwe,Suz jYfhka l,lsrSuz jYfhka Wmokd kqjK ksnznsodkqmiaikd Z[dKhhs' ksnznsod kuz Wlg,q njh' l,lsrSuz njh' fya ixialdrhka flfrys l,lsfruskau Ydka;smofhys wef,kafkah tar dc yxihd ps;@l~g mj!;fhys fuks''

6 uqZ[aps;luH;d Z[dKh

tfia l,lsrekq ta mqoa.,hd oef,ys nq|=Kq u;aiHhd ta oe,ska fukao im@ uqLhg wiqjqKq ueZvshd ta im!uqL fhka fukao ta ishZM ixialdrhka flfrka usfokq leu;s jkafkah' tfia usfokq leu;sjSuz jYfhka Wmokd Z{dkh uqZ[aps; luH;d Z[dKhhs'

7 mgsixLdkqmiaikd Z[dKh

tfia usfokq leu;sjQ fyf;u usoSfuys Wmdh fijSuz jYfhka kej; ta ixialdrhka ;s,lKg kZ.d fufkys lrkafkah' ish,q ixialdr wks;Hdka;sl fyhska ;djld,sl fyhska W;amdo jHh mrspzPskak fyhska mf,dal fyhska p, fyhdka mNx. fyhska woaOqj fyhska jsmrskdu Ou! fyhska widr fyhska jsNj fyhska ixL; fyhka urKOu! Fyhdks wks;Hhso ks;r mSvdlrK fyhska |=%CIu fyhska |=%Ljia; fyhska frda. fyhska .Kav fyhska i,a, fyhska w> fyhska cd;sOu!dos fydhska |=%Lhhso wusysrs |=.!JO ms<sl,a wdoS fyhska wYN hhso ysia fyhska YkH fyhska wiajdusldos fyhska wkd;auhhso i,lkafkah tfia ie,lSu jYfhka Wmokd kqjK mgsixLdkqmiaikd Z[dKhhs' fuz jkdys uiqka w,a,kakg .sh usksid fluk wgjd tys if;l wiqjQ nj oek uiq .ksushs w;fmdjd Tijd n,d W.f,ys Wka khd oel uiqhhs .;af;ao kfhlshs oek nshj Wf.kajk wdoSkj i,ld usfokq leu;sj blauka fkdj usoSfuys Wmdh fidhkakdla jeksh' fya ySka ksirefjz kZ.g w;ska f.k fj,qu ,syd w; Tijd ;ka h,la ysijg lrljd ‘hd |=Iag im!hd’hehs yZv kZ.d jSissfldg js,a bjqrg keZ.S’kmqre im!fhlf.ka us|=fkus’hs wd uZ. n,kafkah'

8 ixLdrefmalaLd Z[dKh

mgsixLdkqmiaikd Z[dKfhka h<s ;s,lKg kZ.d fufkys lrkq ,nk ta ixialdrhka flfrys Nhla fyda wd,hla fyda fkdfldg rys WodiSk jSuz jYfhka Wmokd kqjK ixLdrefmlaLd Z[dKhhs' ta ixialdr flfrys WodiSk jkafka tys Y~kHFjh fufkys lsrSfuks Y~kHFjh fufkys lsrSuo fowdldrhlska o i;r wdldrhlskao ih wdldrhlskao wg wdldrhlskao oi wdldrhlskao fodf<dia wdldrhlskao foid<sia wdldrhlskao l< hq;h' tfia Y~kH jYfhka i,ld ;s,lKg kZ.d fufkys lrkafka ixialdr flfrys uOHia: jkafkah' mKg fuka fm@aul< NdhH!dj flfrys miqj uOHia:jk mqreIhd fuks' tla mqreIfhlg NdhH!djla we;a;Sh'fya wehg uy;afia fm@au lrhs' weh wka mqreIfhla foi ne,Su fyda Tyqg fjzokd Wmojhs' tfy;a Tz mrmqreIhkau m;kakSh' mqreIhd weh flfrys fldamj weh NdhH!dFjfhka neyer lf<ah' bkamiq weh rZ. uZvf,ys kgkq |=gqjo Tyqf.a is; weh flfrys uOHia:h' jslD;s ke;' fuz;a tnZ|= hhs o;hq;h'

tfia ixialdr flfrys uOHia:jQ Tyqf.a is; uZola keuqKq mshquz m;l c,hfuka Nj fhdaks .;s wdosfhys fkdwef,hs' .skafkys llZM mshdm; fuka yelsf,hs' tjsg Tyqg ixLdrefmlaLd Z{dKh Wmkafka kuz fjz' ;@sjsOdkqmiaikd ;@sjsO jsfudlaL uqL ima; wdhH! mqoa., jsNd.h jkafka fuysoSh'

by; oelajqKq uqZ[aps;luH;d Z[dKho mgsixLdkqmiaikd Z[dKho fuz ixLdrefmlaLd Z[dKho w:! jYfhka tllau hehs lshd ;sfnz' wdosfhys uqZ[aps;luH;d Z[dK uOHfhys mgsixLdkqmiaikd Z[dK wka;fhys ixLdrefmlaLd Z[dK jYfhks'

fuz ixLdrefmlaLd Z[dKfhka hq;a mqoa.,hdf.a jsoY!kd YsLdm@dma;h WgzGdk.duSh' tfyhska fuhg YsLdm@dma; jsoY!kd WgzGdk.duS jsmiaikd hk kuz lshkq ,efnz' YsLdm@dma; kuz W;uz njg meusKs hkakhs' jqgzGdk .dus kuz ud.!h lrd hk hkakhs jqgzGdk hkafkka fuys fidajdka wdoS ud.! lshkq ,efnz' ndysr ksus;s j,ska o wdOHd;ausl mej;uz j,skao keZ.S isgsk nejsks'

9 ipzpdf,dausl Z[dKh

fuz ixLdrefmlaLd Z[dKh jv;a jv;a ta mqoa.,hdyg n,j;a Y@oaOdOsfudlaCIhla yg .kshs' Tyqf.a jShH! iQm.Dys; fjz' iauD;sho iQmia:s; fjz' ps;a;h iqqiudys; fjz'ixLdrefmlaLdj ;SCIK;r fjz' Tyqg weis,a,lska ud.! is; Wmoskafka hhs lshhq; wjia:djg meusfKa' fya ta ixLdrefmlaLd ixialdru wks;Hh |=%Lh wkd;au hhs iuzuY!kh lrhs' Tyqf.a is; Njdx. jkafkah Njdx. p,k jkafkah' Njx.mpzfPAo jkafkah' ta ta ufkda oajdrdjc!kjhg wruqK ta wfmaCIs; ixialdrh' blans;s thu wruqKq fldg cjka is;a my<jkafkah' bka m@:u cjkh mrslu! kus fojk cjkh Wmpdr kus ;kajk cjkh wkqf,dau kus fufia fjka fjkaj kuz lSjo fuz is;a ;kgu wdfiajk hhso mrslu! hhso Wmpdr hhs o wkqf,dau hhso lsjhq;h ipzpdkqf,dausl Z[dKh hkq fuzhs' lula fyhska fuhg ta ku lsh;ao$hg jsmiakd Z[dKdos wggo u; i;a;sis fndaOsmdCIsl Ou!hkago wkqf,duz jk nejsks' rfcla jsksYaphgo mqrdK rdcOu!jgo I;gq jkafkah fuz Z[dKh rcq fuks by; wIag Z[dK jsksYaphldr fuks i;a;sia fndaOsmdCIsl Ou! mqrdK rdc Ou!h fuks'

fufia Wonznh Z[dKfhys mgka fuz wkqf,du Z[dKh olajd we;s Z[dK mruzmrdj mgsZ[dK oiaik jsiqoaOs hs o;hq;h'

7 Z[dK oiaik jsiqoaOsh

ud.! jsiqoaOsfhys wkqf,dauh olajd by; iZoykalrk ,oS wkqf,dauhg wk;rej Wmoskafka f.da;@N~ Z{dkhhs th ud.!hg wdjc!k ia:dkslj Wmosk nejska mgsmodZ[dK oiaik jsiqoaOshg we;,;a fkdfjz'ud.! fkdjk nejska Z[dK oiaik jsiqoaOshg we;,;a fkdfjz' f.da;@N~ Z{dkhg wruqKq jkafk ksrAjdKhhs' f.da;@N~ Z{dkh ksjka wruqKqfldg Wmosk kuq|= laf,aY CIh fkdflfrA tnejsks' th ud.! ixLHd; Z[dK oiaik jsiqoaOshg we;,;a fkdjkafka Z[dK oiaik jsiqoaOs jkafka fida;dm;a;s u.a. Z[dKhhs' fida;sm;a;s u.a. Z[dKh fiau ilod.dus wkd.dus wry;a; u.a. Z[dKo Z[dK oiaik jsiqoaOshs tnejska ud.! Z{dk I;r Z[dK oiaik jsiqoaOs hhs o;hq;h' ;okql~, m@jD;a;s jYfhka M,Z{dko fuys .efka' tys ms<sfj<ska I;r ud.!Z{dko M,Z{dk o m@;HfjCId Z{dko Wmosk l@uh fuz whqrska olaj; yelsh' ud.!Z{dk i;r kuz

1 fida;dm;a;s ud.!Z{dkh'

2 ilod.duS ud.!Z{dkh'

3 wkd.duS ud.!Z{dkh'

4 wy!;a ud.!Z{dkh'

1 fid;dm;a;s ud.!Z{dkh

by; oelajqK fia ms<sfj,ska wkqf,dauZ{dkh ,enQ mqoa.,hdyg ksj!dKh wruqKq fjuska f.d;@N~ Z{dkh Wmoskafkah' mD:.ack f.da;@h uev mshk nejskao wdhH! f.da;@hg muqKqjk nejskao thg f.da;@N~ hhs lshkq ,efnz' thg wk;reju ud.!h |=%L i;Hh ksj!dK m@;HCI lruska ud.! ixLHd; wdhH! wIagdx.sl ud.!h jevSuz jYfhka wm!Kd m@dma; jkafkah'wdhH! wIagdx.sl ud.! ixLHd; fida;hg m<uq meusKSu fyhska fuhg fida;dm;a;s hhso tu ksj!dKh ud.!dhkh(olsk) nejska fyda flf,ia uruska hk nejska fyda ud.!h hhso lshkq ,efnz' ud.!hg wk;reju ta ksj!dKhu wruqKq lruska fo;ka M, is;a flfkla bmso Njdx. jkakdy' blans;s Njdx.h p,khj WmpzfPAoj ud.!M, ksj!dK m@ySK flf,ia fYaI flf,ia wruqKq fldg ufkdaoajdrdjc!khg wk;rej m@;HCId cjka mj;afkah' ‘u.a.x M,x ksnzndKx mpzpfjkaK;s u.a.x M,x ksnzndKx mpzpfjkaK;s u.a.x M,x ksnzndKx mpzpfjkaK;s u.a.x M,x ksnzndKx mpzpfjkaK;s mKavsf;d ySfk lsf,fi fifi p mpzpfjlaL;s jdmKavsf;d ySfk lsf,fi fifi p mpzpfjlaL;s jdmKavsf;d ySfk lsf,fi fifi p mpzpfjlaL;s jdmKavsf;d ySfk lsf,fi fifi p mpzpfjlaL;s jd k jd’k jd’k jd’k jd’m@dZ{jQ wdhH! Y@djl wOs.; ud.!h m@;HfjCId lrhs ,;a M,h m@;HfjCId lrhs' wruqKq jQ ksj!dKh m@;HfjCIdlrhs'

fYaI jQ flf<ia m@;HfjCId lrhs' fuhska uq,a;k taldka; jYfhkao fofjks fol wkshuz jYfhkao m@;HfjzCId lrknj o;hq; fidajdka jQ uydkduhka ;udf.a ljr flf<ia wm@ySKjSoehs nq|=ka jspdf<a tfyhsks' fuz miska tlla fyda m@;HfjzCId lrknj we;euz ;ek olajhs'

fidajdka ud.!Z{dkh ,nkakdu Tyq ms<snZo ish,q laf,aYhkaf.a wmdh.duS Yla;sh isZfZokafkah' ilaldh osgzGs jspslspzPd iS,nzn; mrdudi hk ixfhdack;@h uQf,dapzPskak jkafkah' fya bkamiq ud;D>d;l mS;D>d;l wy!;a>d;l f,daysf;d;amdol NsCIqKS|+Il ix>fNaol hk n,j;a wlY,a lsrSfuys jsfYaIfhka wNjHfhla jkafkah'

ta fidajdka mqoa.,hd tlnScs fld,xfld, i;a;laL;a;mru hhs ;@sjsO fjz tla jrla u;` Wmoskafka talnScSh i;ajk jr olajd Wmoskafka i;a;laL;;mruh fuz oE;frA Wmoskafka fld,xflda,h' fuz bmoSu lduNjh f.k lshkq ,efnz'

uJom@dZ{hdf.a jYfhka mrslu! Wmpdr wkqf,dau f.d;@n~kag wk;rej ud.!h ,nd M,is;a folla WmoS' ;SCIK m@dZ{hdf.a jYfhka Wmpdr wkqf,dau f.d;@N~kag wk;rej ud.!h ,ndM, is;a ;kla WmoS' .sks bj;al< ;ek osh j;afldg ksjSu fuks ud.!hg wk;rej M, is;a WmoS weiska |=gq foa jqjo kej; isys lsrSu fuks m@;HfjCId cjka is;a we;sjSu'

2 ilDod.dus ud.!Z{dkh

fidajdka jQ wdhH! Y@djl ta wdikfhysu ysZo fyda miqlf,l fyda ;ud i;kays mj;akd ldurd. jHdmdo ;kS lr.ekSu iZoyd fojk f,daflda;a;r Z{dkh ,nd.ekSu iZoyd h<s W;aiy flfrhs' fya fmr lS fiau jsoY!kd jvkafka mrslu! Wmpdr wkqf,dau f.da;@N~kag wk;rej |=%Li;Hh olsuska iuqoh ixLHd; ;DIaKdj |=relruska ksfrdaO ixLHd; ksj!dKh idlaId;a lruska ud.! ixLHd; wdhH! wIaGdx.sl ud.!h jevSuz jYfhka ilDod.dus ud.!h ,nkafkah' fuys p;iai;H lD;H fmrg jvd jsYonj o;hq;hs' fuys f.da;@N~ fjdaodkhhs' lshkq ,efnz' thg blans;s M,is;a folla fyda ;kla fyda bmso Njdx. j miqj m@;HfjzCId cjka jkafkah jsia;r by; lS mrsoshs'

ilDod.duS udrA.fhka tl laf,aYhl|= uQf,dapzPskak fkdfjz tfy;a ldurd. jHdmdo ;kS fjhs' fudayho ;kS fjhs' ‘rd. fodi fudaydkx ;kqlr;a;rd. fodi fudaydkx ;kqlr;a;rd. fodi fudaydkx ;kqlr;a;rd. fodi fudaydkx ;kqlr;a;d’hkq tfyhska lshk ,oS ilDod.dus hkafkys w:!h jrla tkafka hkqhs miajekakdf.a jYfhka kuz ,enqKs' jsia;r by; oelajsKs' fuys|= ud.! M, ksj!dK m@ySK laf,aY fYaI laf,aY m@;HfjCId lsrSuz jYfhka m@;HfjCId Z{dk mils'

3 wkd.dus Zud.!{dkh

ilDod.dus wdhH! Y@djl ta wdifkysu ysZo fyda miql,l fyda ;ud i;kays ;kSj mj;akdjQ ldurd. jHdmdo uQf,dapzPskak lrkq iZoyd ;D;Sh f,daflda;a;r Z{dkh ,nd.ekSu iZoyd W;aiy orkafka fmr fiau jsoY!kdfldg mrslu! f.da;@N~(fjdaodkh)kag wk;rej p;iai;H lD;H idOuska wkd.dus ud.! Z{dkh ,nkafkah' thg wl;rej wkd.dus M, is;a folla fyda ;kla fyda bmso Njdx.j fmrfiau m@;HfjCId cjka osfjkafkah' fuys p;iai;H lD;H fmrgo jvd jsYoh m@;HfjCId Z{dko mil's

wkd.dus ud.!fhka fmr ;kSj mej;s ldurd. jHdmdo uQf,da;pzPskakfjz fya fuysoS ry;aj fkdmsrsksjsfha kuz mxpiqoaOdjdifhys bmso tysoS ry;aj msrsksfjhs' m@;siJOs jYfhka kej; fuys fkdths wkd.dus hkafkys w:!o thhs'

4 wy!;a ud.!Z{dkh

wkd.duS wdhH! Y@djl ta wdikfhysu ysZo fya miql,l fyda iajlSh il,laf,aYh uq,iqka lrkq iZoyd p;:! ud.!Z{dkh ,nkq iZoyd W;aiy orkafka fmrfiau jsoY!kd jvd mrslu! Wmpdr wkqf,dau f.da;@N~(fjdaodkh) kag wk;rej iuzmQrAK p;iai;H lD;H idOuska wy!;d ud.!Z{dkh ,nkafkah' thg wk;rej wy!;a M, is;a folla fyda ;kla fyda bmso ksreoaO jQ miq m@;HfjCId cjka ksreoaO osfjkafkah' fuys m@;HfjCId Z{dk i;rls' ud.!h m@;HfjCId lrhs' M,h m@;HfjCIdlrhs' ksj!dKh m@;HfjCId lrhs' ksj!dKh m@;HfjId lrhs' m@ySK flf,ia m@;HfjCId lrhs' fYaI flf,ia ke;s nejska ta m@;HfjCIdjla ke; uyry;ka jykafia hkq uqkajykafiah' uqkajykafia wka;su wka;su foayOdrSfial' Tys;Ndr fial' wkqm@dma; iajd:! we;sfial' CIh l< Njixfhdack we;sfial' lD;lD;H fial' il, f,dalhd yg w.@oCIsKdy! jkfial'

fuys mqoa., jYfhka fidajdka ud.!ia: M,ia:dos jYfhka wgfofkls m@;HfjCIdZ{dk oykjhls' ‘Pnzns iqoaOslal fufkjx Ndfj;nzfnd p;`nznsfOd Z[dKoiaik jsiqoaOs kduu.af.d Pnzns iqoaOslal fufkjx Ndfj;nzfnd p;`nznsfOd Z[dKoiaik jsiqoaOs kduu.af.d Pnzns iqoaOslal fufkjx Ndfj;nzfnd p;`nznsfOd Z[dKoiaik jsiqoaOs kduu.af.d Pnzns iqoaOslal fufkjx Ndfj;nzfnd p;`nznsfOd Z[dKoiaik jsiqoaOs kduu.af.d mjqpzp;s’mjqpzp;s’mjqpzp;s’mjqpzp;s’ fufia Igz jsiqoaOs l@ufhka Wmojsh hq;a p;rAjsO ud.!Z{dkoY!k jsYoaOshhs lshkq ,efnz' mqoa., fNaoho fuysu we;,;a jsh'

hg iZoyka wdldrhg ima; jsYoaOsfhys tla tla jsYoaOshla mdid l@udkQl~, wdldrfhka oijsO pska;k wOsldrfhka jshqla; jQ isysh iy tald.@;djh jO!kh lsrSu uZ.ska isf;ys Wmrsu mjs;@nj fyj;a nq|= mfianq|= uyry;anjg m;ajsh yelsh'jsorAYkd jvkjd hkafkys ienE wrA:ho isf;ys ;ekam;a jS we;a;djQ wOsldruh pska;khkaf.ka is; jsuqla; lr.ekSuu fjz'ta l@udkQl~, whqrska tl tl jsYoaOshla mdid mshjr ne.ska by<g l@shd;aul jk l@uj;a jsOsl@uhla fuu m@ia;;h jsurAYkh lsrSfuka oel.; yelsh'

;j|=rg;a jsurAYkh l<fyd;a fuu ima; jsYoaOSka yd oijsO wOsldruh pska;kh w;r mj;skafka m@;sf,dau iuznJOhla nj oel.; yelsh'm@;sf,dau iuznJOfhys ijNdjh kuz tlla jO!kh jk jsg thg m@;sf,dauj wfkl |=rejSu;a th |=rejk jsg wfkl thg m@;sf,daug jOkh jSu;ah'fuys wkqf,dauhlao we;' tkuz oijsO pska;k wOsldruh ksfYaOh iy ima; jsYoaOshhs'fuz fol tl yd iudk f,i jHjydrfhys Ndjs;dl< yelsh'ima; jsYoaOSka jevSu wjidkfhys isk jsjsO oDIaGSka fj;ska uqojd.ekSu wruqKq flfrA'oijsO pska;k wOsldrfhys wruqK jkqfhao is; jsjsO oDIaGSka fj;ska uqojd .ekSuu fjz'tnejska mqZM,a wre;ays ld,duiQ;@fhys nq|=r|=ka oijsO pska;k wOsldrfhka wF:! olajd we;af;a jsorAYkd ukisldrfhysu uqyqKqjrls'

oijsO pska;k wOsldrfhka jshqla;j is;Sug kuz is;g wmd;.;jk wruqkqj, fya;m@;H l@shdj<sh foi wjOdkh fhduqjsh hq;h'tjsg jrA;udkfhys Wmrsu udkisl wjOsnjska wruqKq ukdj yeZosk.kakdjQ oDIaGs jsrys;jQ jsmiaikd ukisldrh Tiafia is; h:drA: orAYkh fohg fhduqlrjkq ,nkafkah'ienjskau ld,duiQ;@fhysoS nq|=r|=ka ld,dujrekag fmkajdfokq ,enqfjz Tjqkaf.a w;S; wkdrAh ixialD;sfhys l,la oSma;su;af,i mej;S wdrAhhka jsiska Tjqkaj hg;a lr.;a miqj je<,S f.dia ;snQ CI;@shhkagu jsIhjQ Y@uK iuzm@odfhys tlS uQ<sl ;jqia b.ekajSuzj, wjidk l~Gdm@dma;s wjia:djhs'

සාරධ�මixl,amkdjkaf.ka i;rn@yau jsyrKh wdfjzk me;slv ksfhdackh lrkq ,nk w;r th Y@uK iuzm@odfhys uQ<sl b.ekajSuz w;r w;sYhskau m@p,s; uQ<sl b.ekajSuls'tfiau oijsO wOsldruh pska;kfhkaa is; uqojd .ekSu tfia fkdue;skuz ima; jsYoaOsh uZ.ska oelafjk uki

msrsis|= lsrSfuz jevms<sfj< සාරධ�මixl,amkdjkaf.a ixcdkk me;slv fyj;a m@cdkk wxYh wkdjrKh lrhs'tfiau tho Y@uK iuzm@odfhys uQ<sl b.ekajSuz w;r w;sYhskau m@p,s; uQ<sl b.ekajSuls'fuz fohdldr jevms<sfj,j,a uZ.ska wjidkfhys n,dfmdafrd;a;jkqfha සාරධ�ම!hkaf.a ufkdapd<l fy;a prAhduh me;slv olajdu jsjsO wxYhkaf.ka සාරධ�මjO!kh yels WmrSu ugzguska uia;lm@dma; lr.ekSuhs'th uq|=ka muqKqjk ,nkakdjQ mqoa.,hdf.a YlH;djh wkqj Tyq ,nkakdjQ සාරධ�මksIaGdj jsjsO m@udKhkaf.ka Tyqg ,efnk ksid iuzu; jHjydrfhys tu tlS mqoa.,hdka iuzud iuznqoaO mpzfpzl nqoaO uyry;a wdoS jYfhka jsjsO m@fNao.;j yZ|=kajkq ,nhs'