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Bng n chy sng nh th no?Barbara J. DavisTrn Nghim dch

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Th gii s dng in ..................................................1in l g? ....................................................................4Tnh in ......................................................................6Dng in .....................................................................8Mch in v cng tc in .......................................10o dng in ..............................................................12Volt v watt ................................................................14Sn xut in ..............................................................16Tuabin quay ...............................................................18Truyn ti in ...........................................................20

in gia dng .............................................................22Chia s in ................................................................25Nhn v tng lai .......................................................27Thut ng ...................................................................29

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4/33Bng n chy sng nh th no ? 1

Bn bit g v in? l mt phn to ln ca cuc sng thng nht hini. Tht vy, n thng dng n mc a s chng ta khng ngh g v n ht.Hy th lit k mi th bn c th s dng hng ngy chy bng in. Nhiungi s k ra cc th nh ti vi, my ht DVD, bng n thp sng v my vitnh. Du vy, cn c nhng th khc na m bn khng ngh ra ngay lc ny.T lnh gi lnh cho thc phm ca bn chy bng in. Thnh thong, bn sdng l vi sng nu thc n th n cng chy bng in. My ra bt a cng

th.

Ti vi, my ht DVD, v nhiu loi dng c trong nh u chy bng in

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5/33Bng n chy sng nh th no ? 2

Trong nhiu nh my, in chy iu khin mi loi my mc. Nhngmy mc ny c th rt nc gii kht yu thch ca bn vo ng chai. Mymc nng cc vt nng v chuyn chng t ni ny sang ni khc. Nhng phtng t c ct ghp v lp rp bng my s dng in. Ngay c chic vngquay gii tr yu thch ca bn cng vin cng dng in chy.

in nng thp sng ng ph v cc ta nh thnh ph New York.

nh nhn t nc mt ta nh chc tri.

Ti sao in li hu ch nh vy?

in nng tht s hu ch v n d dng chuyn ha thnh nhit, chuynng v nh sng. N c th c sn xut ni ny v truyn ti trn dy dni nhng khong cch xa n ni cn thit. Khng c in, cuc sng ca chngta s rt khc. Ch ngh ti ci bn s lm nu bn phi i u mt tun mkhng c s dng bt k th g trong danh sch bn va lit k l ng sri.

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Con ng trngin nng tht hu ch, nhng n ch mi c s dng rng ri trong

chng 100 nm qua thi. Nm 1879, Cleveland, Ohio, tr thnh thnh ph utin ca nc M s dng n ng thp sng bng in. Vo u nhng nm1900, a s cc thnh ph ln nc M bt u s dng n in thp sngnhng trc l chnh ca mnh. Trong thi gian ny, thut ng ng trngc dng ch nhng con ng c n in thp sng.

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7/33Bng n chy sng nh th no ? 4

in l mt dng nng lng. N l chuyn ng ca cc ht tch introng vt cht. Mi vt cht u c cu to t nhng ht nh xu gi lnguyn t.

Cc nguyn t cu to t nhng ht cn nh hn na gi l proton,neutron v electron. Proton mang mt in tch dng. Neutron khng mangin. Electron mang mt in tch m. Proton v neutron c tm thy trong htnhn, hay tm, ca nguyn t. Cc electron chuyn ng xung quanh ht nhn.

Mt nguyn t thng c s proton v s electron bng nhau. V th n cs in tch dng mang bi cc proton bng vi s in tch m mang bi ccelectron. iu ny c ngha l bn thn nguyn t khng c in tch. l cigi l trung ha in. Du vy, mt nguyn t c th nhn thm hoc nh mtelectron. Nu mt nguyn t nhn thm electron th n tr nn tch in m. Nunguyn t mt electron th n tr thnh tch in dng.

Mt nguyn t cu to gm cc proton v neutron c mt trong ht nhn ca n,v cc electron quay trn xung quanh ht nhn.

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Ht v y nhau

Khi cc ht tch in n gn nhau, chng tc dng ln nhau. Cc ht ccng loi in tch th y nhau ra. Ngi ta ni chng y nhau. Hai ht tchin dng s y ln nhau. Cn cc ht tch in tri du th ht v pha nhau.

Ngi ta ni mt ht tch in m b ht v pha mt ht tch in dng. Michuyn ng ra xa hay li gn nh th ny ca cc ht l ngun gc pht sinhin nng.

Benjamin Franklin v in

Benjamin Franklin (1706 1790) l mt chnh khch ngi M v l mt

trong nhng ngi sng lp nn nc M. ng cn l mt nh khoa hc ln. Vonhng nm 1700, ng tin hnh nhiu th nghim tm hiu v in. Franklin lmt trong nhng ngi u tin xut l thuyt rng cc vt c th c cc intch dng v m, v cc ht ht hay y ln nhau ph thuc vo nhng in tch.

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9/33Bng n chy sng nh th no ? 6

Bn c bao gi thy nhng th nh o len v tt khi va ly ra khimy sy qun o thng b dnh vo nhau? l mt th d ph bin ca tnhin. Tnh c ngha l ng yn. Tnh in gy ra bi mt cu hnh in tchti mt ni no .

Cc electron c th b nh bt ra khi nguyn t mt cch d dng. Cxt hai vt vo nhau lm cho cc electron di chuyn t mt vt ny sang vt kia.Khi qun o b cun trong my sy, chng c xt ln nhau. Nhng phn khcnhau ca qun o b tch in. Mt s mnh th mt electron v c in tchdng. Nhng mnh khc s nhn thm electron v c in tch m. Nhng intch tri du th ht ln nhau. y l nguyn do v sao tt c th bm vo o len!

Tnh in tch trn mt vt thnh thong c th nhy sang mt vt khc gn n. Loi nhy nh vy c gi l s phng in.

Sc in

a s chng ta u tng tri nghim ci xy ra sau khi chng ta i trnmt tm thm v ri chm tay vo ci nm ca bng kim loi. C sc in tiu ngn tay lun xut hin tht bt ng. Bn c bao gi t hi li xy ra nhvy khng? Khi bn i trn tm thm, giy ca bn c xt cc electron ra khitm thm. Cc electron i vo c th ca bn. Khi bn chm tay vo ci nmca bng kim loi, cc electron t c th bn di chuyn sang ci nm ca. Bn cth nhn thy mt tia la in nh v nghe thy mt ting tch.

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10/33Bng n chy sng nh th no ? 7

in trn bu tri

Tch in v phng in tnh in l nhng hin tng thng xy ra

trong t nhin. Nhng m my en ging bo thnh thong bn trng thy trnbu tri l nhng th d tt. Nhng m my ging c cc git nc bn trongchng ang ri v pha mt t. Cc m my cn c nhng ht bng trongchng na. Nhng git nc v nhng ht bng ang di chuyn c xt ln nhau.Tnh in hnh thnh. in tch m hnh thnh pha di ca cc m my. Khitnh in gii phng t m my xung, bu tri sng rc ln vi tia chp ngonmc, nh trong bc nh trn.

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11/33Bng n chy sng nh th no ? 8

Trong mt ln phng in, cc electron di chuyn rt nhanh trong mtkhong thi gian ngn v sau dng li. Dng in l mt dng gm ccelectron chuyn ng lin tc theo mt hng t ni ny sang ni khc. Dngin mang in nng n cho nhiu vt m chng ta s dng: ti vi, l vi sng, vcc bng n cung cp nh sng cho bn c quyn sch ny.

Dng in truyn qua c cht dn in. y l nhng cht liu m quan cc electron d dng di chuyn. ng l mt trong nhng cht dn in ttnht. y l nguyn do v sao dy dn in thng c lm bng ng.

V dy tc trong bng ndn in khng tt lm, nnn nng ln v pht sng,lm cho bng n ta sng.

V sao bng n ta sng?

Th d, ng c s dng trong dy dn ni vi bng n. Cc electronchuyn ng trong dy ng v i ln bng n. Bng n cn c mt vt dnin na. l si dy mng bn trong bng n gi l dy tc. Dy tc lmbng kim loi, th d nh tungsten. Kim loi ny khng dn in tt bng ng.V th, cc electron khng th chuyn ng d dng qua tungsten. Khi ccelectron chuyn ng chm i, mt phn in nng ca chng b bin i thnhnhit. Si dy tc nng ln v pht sng. y l ci to ra nh sng trong bngn.

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12/33Bng n chy sng nh th no ? 9

Dy ng dn in ca bng n c bc trong cht liu kiu cao su.Cht liu ny l cht cch in. Cc electron khng th di chuyn d dng quacht cch in. V th, cht cch in trn v ngoi ca dy in gi cc electronchuyn ng bn trong dy. Bn c th chm tay vo phn ngoi ca dy inm khng b sc in. Cao su v mt s loi plastic l cc th d ca cht cchin.

C th ngi l vt dn in

C th con ngi c 90% l nc. Nc l mt cht dn in tt. iuny c ngha l dng in c th di qua c th con ngi mt cch kh d dng.

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13/33Bng n chy sng nh th no ? 10

Dng in thng chy trong mt ng dn gi l mch in. Mchin l mt vng khp kn. iu ny c ngha l dng in chy qua mch theocng mt ng i mi mi v mi mi. Ngy nay, hu nh mi ta nh u ccc mch in bn trong tng ca chng. Trong s ny c nh , trng hc,ca hiu, rp ht, nh xng v nhng c s khc. Cc bng n trn trn nhc ni vi mch in. Bt k ci g cm vo cm trn tng u ni vimch in. Trong s ny c bng n, ti vi, my vi tnh, t lnh v nhiu vtkhc. Nhng v sao bng n cng nhng vt dng khc ni vi mch inkhng phi lc no cng hot ng ht?

Gt cng tc in l ng hoc ngt mch in, lm cho bng n sng hoc tt.

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Cng tc in hot ng nh th no?

Cu tr li l: cc cng tc in. Thng th mt cng tc trn tng nivi mch in c th bt n trn trn nh sng hoc tt. Bng n c cng tcon/off v cc dng c in khc cng vy. Nhng cng tc in hot ng nh

th no?Hy nh l mt mch in phi l mt vng khp kn dng in chy

trong n. Mt ci cng tc c th lm gin on hoc gi cho n khp kn. Bntrong cng tc c hai phn kim loi dn in. Khi n trn trn sng ln hoc khicng tc trn n chuyn sang v tr ON, th hai phn kim loi tip xc vinhau. Mch in khp kn, v dng in chy qua cng tc, thp sng bng n.Khi cng tc chuyn sang v tr OFF, hai phn kim loi tch ri nhau. Mch inb h. Dng in khng th chy ti bng n. Bng n khng chy sng c.

n flash hot ng nh th no?

a s n flash thu in nng t mt hoc nhiu cc pin gn bn trong.Mt mch in ni cc pin vi bng n ca n flash. Khi bn bt n flash,bn gt cng tc sang v tr ON. Vic ny lm khp kn mch in v thp sngbng n. Khi bn tt n flash, bn ang gt cng tc sang v tr OFF v lm hmch in. Bng n khng sng na.

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Cc mch in mang nhng lng in khc nhau. Ngi ta dng nhngn v c bit o dng in. tm hiu nhng n v ny, trc ht hy

tng tng rng c nhiu que ci ang tri ni trn mt dng sng. Nu dngsng chy chm, th mt vi que ci c th tri qua mi giy. Nu dng sngchy xit, th mi giy s c rt nhiu que ci tri qua trc mt bn. C th nghv dng in hao hao nh vy. Tuy nhin, thay v cc que ci tri trong nc,dng in l dng chy ca cc electron.

Dng in c o ti mt im trong mch in. S o l s electron iqua im trong mi giy. Dng chy ny c o theo n v gi l ampere.K hiu cho ampere l A. Mt ampera l khong 6 t t electron!

Bao nhiu ampere?

Mch in n gin bn trong n flash c cp ngun bng mt cc pinc th c dng in 1 hoc 2 ampere. My mc v nhng vt dng khc chybng in cn mt lng dng in nht nh hot ng. Mt my vi tnhtrung bnh s dng khong 2 ampere. Nhng thit b in gia dng kiu ln nht lnh s dng dng in ln hn nhiu khong chng 10 ampere. Mt sdng c in nh nhng ng c ln c th s dng ti 20 ampere.

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Nhiu my vi tnh thng s dng dng in chng 2 ampere.T lnh th s dng dng in 10 ampere.

in mt chiu v in xoay chiu

C hai loi dng in chy trong mch in. mt loi, cc electron lun lunchy theo cng mt chiu. Loi ny c gi l in mt chiu, hay DC. Pin lngun cp in DC. loi kia, cc electron i hng thng xuyn v chy tilui trong mch in. Loi ny gi l in xoay chiu hay AC. Dng in chy tli in vo nh bn l AC.

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Dng in cn mt lc y a chng thnh dng chy. Lng lc y c gi l in p. N c o theo n v gi l volt (vit tt l V). inp cng cao th lc y cng ln. Pin v nhng dng c khc u c phnloi theo in p. C l bn tng n ci i loi nh 9V ghi trn mtcc pin. Con s c ngha l cc pin c th cung cp 9 volt in p.

Cc dng c chy bng in cn mt in p nht nh hot ng bnhthng. M, a s cc dng c in gia dng u hot ng in p 110 volt.in p ny cung cp dng in cho nhng dng c ny. Mt s my mc,nh my git qun o, c th cn 220 volt. Mc in p ny cp dng in lnhn cho my mc hot ng.

My sy tc M hot ng in p 110 volt.

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Watt l g?

Dng in cung cp nng lng c th dng lm nhng vic nh lmcho bng n pht sng, lm cho qut my quay, hoc lm cho my sy tc nngln. Lng nng lng m dng in cung cp trong mi giy c gi l cng

sut. Cng sut c o theo n v gi l watt. Mt watt cng sut bng vimt volt y mt ampe dng in chy trong dy dn.

C l bn tng n s ghi watt trn cc dng c in hoc bngn. Con s cho bit s watt ln nht m dng c s s dng. Mt bng n100 W (watt) s khng s dng nhiu hn 100 watt in nng khi n ang hotng.

Mt my vi tnh loi 300 watt s ch s dng nhiu in nng nh vy khiton b cc a ca n u ang lm vic ht cng sut. Thng thng th mtmy vi tnh s dng chng 65 watt in nng hoc thp hn.

in p nhng quc gia khc

a s thit b in ch to hot ng M v Nht Bn u cn in p100 volt hot ng. Tuy nhin, a s nhng quc gia khc trn th gii,dng in dng trong nh v trong cc cng trnh xy dng khc l dng 220volt. l nguyn do v sao ngi M khi i n nhng quc gia khc thng

cn n nhng b bin in c bit chy nhng th nh my sy tc hocdao co khi h mang chng theo. Cc b bin in bin i in p t 220xung cn 110 volt.

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Nm 1831, mt nh khoa hc ngi Anh tn l Michael Faraday thchin mt khm ph. ng nhn thy vic di chuyn mt vng dy xung quanhmt nam chm lm xut hin mt dng in trong dy. Di chuyn mt nam chmxung quanh mt si dy dn cng to ra dng in. Khm ph ny a Faradaytin n ch to my pht in u tin. My pht in l c my bin i cnng (nng lng t chuyn ng) thnh in nng. Cc my pht in s dng

nam chm v dy kim loi to ra dng in.Xung quanh nam chm c t trng. Bn c th nhn ra trng ny khi

bn a mt ci kp giy li gn mt nam chm. Khi ci kp giy tin n gn, th t trng ht ci kp giy ln trn nam chm. Nam chm trong my phtin cng c t trng. Mt vng hay cun dy chuyn ng trong t trng .Thnh thong, ngi ta cho nam chm quay trn bn trong mt cun dy. Trongmi trng hp, cc electron b t trng thc cho chuyn ng qua dy dn.Dng in sinh ra bi s chuyn ng ca nhng electron ny.

Ngi cng nhntrong nh myin ang ngtrc mt mypht in trngtht nh b so vikch c khng lca c my.

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Nh my in

in nng cp cho th - v tt c nhng cng trnh trong khu vc c sn xut ti nh my in. My pht in trong nh my in s dngnhng nam chm v cun dy khng l. Mt s my pht ln bng c cn nh.

Mt cun dy quay trn trong mt my pht nh my in c th sn xut n25.000 volt in nng.

Michael Faraday

Michael Faraday l mt trong nhng nh khoa hc quan trng nht ca thk th 19. Thnh thong, ng c nhng bui ni chuyn, hay thuyt trnh, giithch nhng khm ph khoa hc. Thng th cc bi thuyt trnh ca ng l dnhcho cc nh khoa hc v nhng ngi trng thnh. Nhng ng cng ni chuynvi tr em, gip chng tm hiu khoa hc.

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My pht nh my in bin i c nng, th d chuyn ng quay camt cun dy xung quanh nam chm, thnh in nng. Nhng u c c nng ci g lm cho cun dy quay? Cu tr li l mt dng c gi l tuabin.

y l mt thit b c th quay bi mt cht lng hoc cht kh ang chy.

nhiu nh my in, hi nc lm quay cc cnh ca tuabin, lm cho ng trc quay theo.ng trc c ni vi my pht. Khi n quay, th cun dy hoc nam chm trong my phtquay theo, sinh ra dng in.

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Ci chong chng l mt loi tuabin. Nu bn gi mt ci chong chngtrong khng kh vo mt ngy c gi, th dng khng kh ang chuyn ng lmy cc cnh chong chng v lm cho chng quay. Tuabin nh my in cng ccc cnh qut nh cnh chong chng. Cc cnh y nm mt pha ca mt ngtrc di v nng. Pha kia ca ng c ni vi cun dy hoc nam chm camy pht. Thng thng, dng nc ang ri xung hoc dng hi ang dichuyn lm y cc cnh ca tuabin v lm cho chng quay. iu ny lm chong trc m chng gn vo cng quay theo. V khi ng trc quay, th cundy hoc nam chm trong my pht cng quay theo v dng in c sinh ra.

Sn sinh hi nc

Trong nhng nh my in s dng hi nc lm quay tuabin th hi nc t u m c? Nhiu nh my in t mt s loi nhin liu nu nc vbin n thnh hi. Nhng loi nhin liu c s dng ph bin l than , du

m v kh thin nhin. Nhng vic t nhin liu nh vy c th gy ra nhngbt li.

Khi than , du m hoc cht kh chy trong nh my in, th khi thivo khng kh c th l nhng cht c hi. Khng kh b nhim bn, hoc nhim, c th gy hi i vi con ngi v nhng sinh vt sng khc. N cnlm thay i kh hu ca Tri t. Nhiu quc gia trn th gii hin ang n lcsn xut nhiu in nng m khng cn t chy than , du m hoc cht kh.

Tuabin khng l

Mt s nh my in c nhng tuabin b ngang hn 22 mt (tng ngchiu di ca nm chic xe hi).

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Lng in nng khng l sn xut ti nh my in ch c ch nu nh nc th c gi n ni cn thit. in nng truyn t nh my in n nhngni khc qua mt h thng thit b c bit, nhng dy cp in dy v nhngthp cao bng thp gi l ct in.

Mt nh my in c th sn xut nhiu nghn volt in nng. C rt nhiusc y t in p ny a dng in n nhng ni ln cn. Tuy nhin, nhiunh my in li khng nm gn cc thnh ph hay th t. in nng phi truyni nhiu nghn kilomet trc khi n c s dng trong nh ca, trng hc,cng s. a in nng i xa trn nhng khong cch ln i hi phi c inp cao hn.

in cao p thng c truyn t nh my in i xa qua h thng dy cp in cng trnnhng ct in cao bng thp.

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Bin i in p

Khi dng in i ra khi nh my in, trc tin n i qua mt loi thitb c bit gi l my tng p. My bin p l loi dng c lm tng hoc lmgim in p. My tng p th lm tng in p, nh cho php dng in

truyn i nhng khong cch xa.Phn ln nh ca, trng hc, cng s khng th s dng in an ton

nhng in p qu cao. Khi dng in t nh my i ti thnh ph, chng hn,n c gi qua mt hoc nhiu trm bin in h thp in p. Mt trmbin in thng l mt c s nh c cc my bin p t trong . Nhng mybin p ny lm cng vic ngc li ca my tng p. Chng c gi l my hp. My bin p trm bin i in p t cao xung thp tin s dng.

My bin p nh nht

Khng phi my h p nocng c kch thc ln. inthoi di ng v my tnhxch tay cn in p rt thp hot ng. iu cngng i vi my ht nhc k

thut s. B sc i cng vinhng dng c ny c ccmy bin p gn trong hin p t 110 volt (hoc 220volt) xung cn khong 6 volt.My bin p kiu ny thngtrng nh mt ci hp nh(xem hnh).

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Bn khng th nhn thy n, nhng c n hng trm mt dy dn ngsau tng nh bn y. H thng dy dn ny to nn nhiu mch in ni tonb cc b phn ca ngi nh cho dng in t nh my in chy n.

Nhng loi cng tc khc nhau l nhng b phn quan trng ca mch

in. Cc cng tc c th to ra nhng ci kha trong mch in. Bn t mnhiu khin mt s cng tc. Mi ln bn bt n ln hay tt n i l bn angiu khin dng in chy.

Cm qu nhiu thit b vo cng mt mch in c th lm qu ti mch in v lm cho cngtc in t ngt.

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Nhng cng tc c bit

Cn c nhng cng tc in c bit gi l cng tc t ng. Thng thmi mch in trong nh u c mt cng tc nh vy. Nhng cng tc ny tng ngt mch nu nh c s qu ti. Trong mt ln qu ti, dng in qu ln

cng lc i qua ton b dy dn. S qu ti nh vy c th xy ra trong cn bo,nu nh c rt nhiu tia st.

Nhiu nh c mt hp kim loi gingnh hp ny vi mt cng tc t ngcho mi mch in ca ngi nh.

S qu ti c th gy ra nhng hu qu nghim trng. Dng in rt lncng lc i qua ton mch in c th lm cho dy dn tr nn rt nng v thmch bt u chy. N cn c th gy h hi nhng th nh ti vi, my vi tnh, vnhng thit b in khc. Nhng khi cng tc t ng ngt mch, th dng inmt i, v ta trnh c s thit hi. H khi no cng tc t ng ngt mch vnguyn do g , mt ngi ln c th dng tay bt cng tc ln tr li.

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Mch qu ti

Ton b nhng l cm in trong mt cn phng nht nh thng l trn cng mt mch in. Nu nh c qu nhiu dng c in cng cm vo mtmch in, th chng bt u ht dng in rt ln chy qua dy. Hin tng nygi l s qu ti mch in, v n c th gy ra mt t thc nng lng. trnh nguy him, cng tc in t ng s bt sang v tr OFF. Mc d thng thcng tc in s trnh c s nguy him mt cch an ton, nhng iu tt nhtl cn trnh cm qu nhiu dng c vo cng mt mch in.

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28/33Bng n chy sng nh th no ? 25

Vo mt ngy ma thu nng bc [ nc M]. Ton b my iu ha vqut in nhng nh lng ging ca bn u chy ht cng sut. t ngt, nhsng trong nh bn tr nn bp bng. Cc bng n m hn i. Truyn hnh cngmt hnh lun. Mt ngy ging nh th ny, nhu cu s dng in nng l rt ln.Thnh thong, nhu cu vt qu lng in nng m cng ti in c th phnphi. Khi iu ny xy ra th s c cp in.

Cp in xy ra khi nh my in gim lng in nng phn phi ncc h gia nh v c s sn xut. Cc nh my in ca cng ti khng sn xut in cho tt c mi ngi.

Nhng mng li in nh th ny c th gip cc cng ti in cch xa nhauhng trm km chia s in nng cung cp.

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Cp in l do thiu in. Thnh thong, cp in xy ra khi nh my inngng cp in. C l v mt b phn my mc no nh my khng hotng na.

Tuy nhin, trong a s trng hp, cp in l v nguyn do g ngn

khng th cp in cho cc h gia nh v c s sn xut c. Thi tit xu lnguyn nhn cp in ph bin. Th d, ging bo c th lm cho ng dyin b n.

Hnh thnh mng li

Cc cng ti in c gng trnh cp in v mt in bng cch kt ning dy truyn ti ca h chung vi nhau hnh thnh nn mt mng li.Mng li in cho php cng ti in t ni c nhu cu in nng ln vaymn mt phn in nng t mt nh my xa. C nhng mng li in phnb khp nc M v Canada.

Cu tr trong cn bo

Cc cng ti in New England dnin n Quebec, Canada, vo nm 1998 h tr khc phc mt t thin tai mang. Cn bo ma ng rt ti t lm

cho nhiu tuyn dy in Quebec tr nnph y tuyt. Bng tuyt lm on dy inn mc chng nho. Hng triu ngib mt in.

ng dy in b v cy ci b phtuyt Montreal, Quebec, nm 1998.

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30/33Bng n chy sng nh th no ? 27

Rt nhiu in nng ca th gii c sn xut nhng nh my t than,du m hoc kh thin nhin. Vic t nhng nhin liu ny c th gy hy hoimi trng sng. Ngoi ra, nhng ti nguyn ny cng c tr lng hn ch.Mt khi qua s dng th chng s mt i mi mi. Cc nh khoa hc hin vnang nghin cu cc phng php sn xut nhiu in nng hn t nhng ngunti nguyn khc s khng b cn kit.

Nng lng mt tri c th chuyn ha thnh in nng bi cc tm pinmt tri. Nhng khu vc c gi mnh v thng xuyn cn c th s dng gilm mt ngun ti nguyn. Gi c th lm quay nhng chic ci xay gi. Cixay gi c th lm quay tuabin v my pht sn sinh ra in.

My chi video game chy bng in. Tt cc dng c in khi khng dng nchng c ngha l tit kim in.

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S dng in tit kim

S dng in tit kim l mt cchkhc bo v ti nguyn thin nhin.Nhiu dng c in ngy nay my

iu ha khng kh v t lnh chnghn c sn xut s dng innng t hn nhng thit b cng loitrc y. Bn c th nhn thy nhnmc tit kim nng lng trn cc thitb in ca hng. Mi nhn mc chobn bit dng c s dng nhiu hayt in nng. Nhiu ngi lun c gngmua nhng thit b hiu qu nnglng nht v s dng in nng tnht.

Mt con tem Energy Star dn trn mt dngc in c ngha l thit b p ng b tiuchun hiu qu nng lng do chnh ph Mlp ra.

Bn cng c th gim lng in nng tiu th trong cuc sng hng ngyca mnh. Mt vic lm nh b nh tt i ci bng n trong phng khi bn rikhi phng ng ngha vi vic s dng in nng t i. iu tng t cngng khi bn tt ti vi hoc my vi tnh khi khng s dng chng na.

Bao nhiu in nng tiu th?

Danh sch di y cho bn bit cc thit b ph bin thng s dng baonhiu in nng khi chng hot ng.

ng h: 4 watt

Ti vi: 55 n 90 watt

My chi video game: 70 n 165 watt

My iu ha khng kh: 500 watt

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ampere n v o s electron iqua mt im trong mt mch introng mt giy. Thng c vit ttl A.

cht cch in Cht liu m qua dng in khng th chy d dng.

cht dn in Cht liu m qua dng in c th chy d dng.

cng tc Dng c ng hoc mmt mch in.

cng tc t ng Cng tc t ngngt mch in nu nh dng inchy qua qu ln.

cp in B mt in cc b.

dy tc Dy kim loi mnh trongbng n, khi nng ln th pht sng.

dng in Dng chuyn ng chng, lin tc, ca cc electron.

y nhau y ci g ra xa.

in p Lc y lm cho dngin chy theo mt hng nht nh.

in mt chiu Dng in lun

lun chy theo cng mt chiu.in xoay chiu Dng in ihng lin tc khi n i qua mtmch in.

electron Cc ht trong nguyn t,mang in tch m.

ht nhau B ht v pha nhau.

mch in Mch kn dng inchy trong .

my pht in My bin i cnng thnh in nng.

mt in B mt in hon tontrn din rng.

neutron Cc ht trong nguyn t,khng mang in.

nguyn t- Nhng ht nh xu cuto nn mi vt cht.

proton Cc ht trong nguyn t,mang in tch dng.

ti nguyn Nhng th c th sdng c.

tm pin mt tri Dng c bin inng lng t nh sng mt trithnh in nng.

tuabin Thit b quay lmchuyn ng mt nam chm bntrong mt cun dy hoc lm chuynng mt cun dy xung quanh mtnam chm to ra dng in.

vt cht Ci cu to nn mi th.

volt n v o lng lc ychuyn ng trong mt mch in.

watt n v o cng sut ca dngin. N cho bit c bao nhiuampere ang b y i bi bao nhiuvolt.

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Bng n chy sng nh th no?

Barbara J. DavisTrn Nghim dch

Pht hnh ti http://thuvienvatly.comThng 3/2011