Binomial nomenclature
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Transcript of Binomial nomenclature
TAXONOMYTAXONOMY
IdentificationIdentification, , Naming and
Naming and
Classification of Species
Classification of Species
Hist
ory
of th
e Hi
stor
y of
the
Clas
sifica
tion
Syst
em
Clas
sifica
tion
Syst
em
Why classify organisms?
Why classify organisms? Understand and find them
Understand and find them
more easilymore easily Taxonomy
Taxonomy-branch of -branch of
biology that groups
biology that groups organisms by organisms by characteristicscharacteristics Carolus Linnaeus
Carolus Linnaeus First to classify organisms
First to classify organisms by physical and structural
by physical and structural
similarities-plant and animal
similarities-plant and animal
Current: 3 domains and 6
Current: 3 domains and 6
kingdomskingdoms
3 Domains: A Broader Classification 3 Domains: A Broader Classification SchemeScheme
BacteriaBacteria: Modern : Modern forms of bacteriaforms of bacteria
ArchaeaArchaea: Ancient : Ancient forms of bacteriaforms of bacteria
EukaryaEukarya: Eukaryotes : Eukaryotes (protists, plants, (protists, plants, fungi, animals)fungi, animals)
Current KingdomsCurrent Kingdoms
The 6The 6 kingdomkingdom system of classification is the most system of classification is the most common:common: EubacteriaEubacteria: Prokaryotic organisms: Prokaryotic organisms Archaebacteria: Prokaryotic – extreme conditionsArchaebacteria: Prokaryotic – extreme conditions ProtistProtist: Eukaryotic cells that don: Eukaryotic cells that don’’t fit in the next 3 t fit in the next 3
kingdomskingdoms FungiFungi: Multicellular, eukaryotic heterotrophs with cell : Multicellular, eukaryotic heterotrophs with cell
wallswalls PlantPlant: Multicellular, eukaryotic autotrophs with cell walls: Multicellular, eukaryotic autotrophs with cell walls AnimalAnimal: Multicellular, eukaryotic heterotrophs without : Multicellular, eukaryotic heterotrophs without
cell wallscell walls
How
are
they
Ho
w a
re th
ey
curr
ently
clas
sified
?
curr
ently
clas
sified
? Evolutionary phylogeny
Evolutionary phylogeny (evolutionary history)
(evolutionary history) DNA and biochemical
DNA and biochemical analysis analysis embryology
embryology Morphology (structure)
Morphology (structure)
What’What’s in a Name?s in a Name?
Sea
Cow
Sea
Cow
(Manatee)(Manatee)
Stink
horn
Stink
horn
Chee
selo
gCh
eese
log
Antb
ear
Antb
ear
(Aardvark)(Aardvark)
(Naked Mole Rat)
(Naked Mole Rat)
https://flic.kr/p/8dGfpRights Reserved under CC BY 2.0
Why do some Why do some organisms
organisms have so many have so many names?
names?
Linna
ean
Syst
em o
f
Linn
aean
Sys
tem
of
Clas
sifica
tion
Clas
sifica
tion
Binomial Nomenclature
Binomial Nomenclature
(Scientific Name)
(Scientific Name) Two-name naming
Two-name naming Important because:
Important because: gives a name to each organism
gives a name to each organism
that everyone can identify.
that everyone can identify.
avoid confusion of common
avoid confusion of common
names names (dog=hound=mutt=mongrel)
(dog=hound=mutt=mongrel)
The first name represents the
The first name represents the
genusgenus and the second name
and the second name
represents the represents the species
species..
Always written in
Always written in italicsitalics or or
underlinedunderlined with the first word
with the first word
capitalized.capitalized. Canis domesticus
Canis domesticus
Scie
ntific
Nam
e
Scie
ntific
Nam
e Ex
ampl
esEx
ampl
es
Panther: Panther: Panthera pardus
Panthera pardus Lion: Lion: Panthera leo
Panthera leo Tiger: Tiger: Panthera tigris Panthera tigris Fox: Fox: Canis vulpes
Canis vulpes Wolf: Wolf: Canis lupusCanis lupus Coyote:
Coyote:Canis latransCanis latrans
What is the What is the value of giving
value of giving scientific scientific names to
names to living living organisms?organisms?
Dich
otom
ous K
eys
Dich
otom
ous K
eys A tool used to identify
A tool used to identify unfamiliar organisms
unfamiliar organisms Describes physical
Describes physical characteristicscharacteristics Separates organisms into two
Separates organisms into two
groups based on shared
groups based on shared characteristicscharacteristics
Phylogenetic TreePhylogenetic Tree Group similar organisms Group similar organisms
together based on together based on inherited characteristicsinherited characteristics
Each branch origin Each branch origin represents common represents common ancestors of the branches ancestors of the branches aboveabove
Part IV. A systematist is exploring a planet in Part IV. A systematist is exploring a planet in another solar system and discovers the another solar system and discovers the following four interesting species. After following four interesting species. After being told that species "A" is very primitive, being told that species "A" is very primitive, our systematist decides to use it as the basis our systematist decides to use it as the basis for a phylogenetic systematic analysis. for a phylogenetic systematic analysis.
CharacterCharacter 1. Eyes present1. Eyes present 2. Spines present2. Spines present 3. Eyes on stalks3. Eyes on stalks 4. "Feet" present4. "Feet" present 5. Antennae present5. Antennae present