Bezicne senzorske mreze
-
Upload
filipponski -
Category
Documents
-
view
51 -
download
2
description
Transcript of Bezicne senzorske mreze
![Page 1: Bezicne senzorske mreze](https://reader036.fdocument.pub/reader036/viewer/2022082215/55cf9bdb550346d033a79fcf/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Be�i ne senzorske mre�e�
Arhitektura i komunikacione tehnologije
![Page 2: Bezicne senzorske mreze](https://reader036.fdocument.pub/reader036/viewer/2022082215/55cf9bdb550346d033a79fcf/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
WSN arhitektura
� Power Management Plane: kako senzori koriste raspolo�ive resurse napajanja
� Mobility Management Plane: bavi se organizacijom i problematikom kretanja nodova
� Task Management Plane: planira i balansira merne zadatke
![Page 3: Bezicne senzorske mreze](https://reader036.fdocument.pub/reader036/viewer/2022082215/55cf9bdb550346d033a79fcf/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
WSN arhitektura� Fizi ki sloj (Physical� Layer) je odgovoran za
odabir frekvencije, detekciju signala, modulaciju, kompresiju, slanje, prijem itd.
� Data Link sloj (the Data Link Layer) je odgovoran za multipleksiranje podataka, integritet podataka, pristup komunikacionom kanalu (medium access control - MAC).
� Mre�ni sloj (the Network Layer) je zadu�en da obezbedi rutiranje poruka i podataka koje dobija od Transportnog sloja. Konkretno, ovaj sloj obezbe uje �prosle ivanje paketa od izvornog noda do �destinacije.
� Transportni sloj (the Transport Layer) u estvuje u odr�avanju toka podataka ako �aplikativni sloja to zahteva.
� Aplikacioni sloj (the Application Layer) implementira odgovaraju u aplikaciju i �organizuje koordinaciju zadataka u zavisnosti od primene WSN.
Osnovni komunikacioni zahtevi
su definisani Aplikacionim slojem
![Page 4: Bezicne senzorske mreze](https://reader036.fdocument.pub/reader036/viewer/2022082215/55cf9bdb550346d033a79fcf/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Aplikacioni sloj
�Obrade zahteva (Query Processing)
�Menad�ment WSN
![Page 5: Bezicne senzorske mreze](https://reader036.fdocument.pub/reader036/viewer/2022082215/55cf9bdb550346d033a79fcf/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Obrade zahteva
![Page 6: Bezicne senzorske mreze](https://reader036.fdocument.pub/reader036/viewer/2022082215/55cf9bdb550346d033a79fcf/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Obrade zahteva
![Page 7: Bezicne senzorske mreze](https://reader036.fdocument.pub/reader036/viewer/2022082215/55cf9bdb550346d033a79fcf/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Obrade zahtevaPristup:
Push
� Senzori iniciraju prosle ivanje �
informacija
Pull
� Sink inicira zahtev
Push-pull
� I senzori i sink su aktivno uklju eni�
Tipovi
Zahtevi koji zavise od dobijenih
podataka (Data-centric)
� Temperatura je ve a od � 30°C,
izmerena u nodovima A, C, F...
Geografski zahtevi
� Temperatura noda A je 32°C
Klasifikacija
Kontinualni zahtevi
� Kontinualno sakupljaju podatke
tokom du�eg perioda vremena
�Snapshop� zahtevi
� Sakupljaju podatke o unapred
defiisanom periodu vremena
Pro�li (istorijski) zahtevi
� Sakupljaju (u obliku izve�taja)
podatke vezane za pro�lo vreme
![Page 8: Bezicne senzorske mreze](https://reader036.fdocument.pub/reader036/viewer/2022082215/55cf9bdb550346d033a79fcf/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Menad�ment WSN Centralizovana
arhitektura
� Sink predstavlja centralizovanog �menad�era�
� Smanjuje se obrada u samim nodovima ime se ��tedi energija
� Visoki komunikacioni tro�kovi
![Page 9: Bezicne senzorske mreze](https://reader036.fdocument.pub/reader036/viewer/2022082215/55cf9bdb550346d033a79fcf/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Menad�ment WSN Distribuirana arhitektura
� Vi�e �menad�era�
� Svaki �menad�er� kontroli�e jedan klaster
� �Menad�eri� komuniciraju me usobno direktno�
� Manji komunikacioni tro�kovi u odnosu na centralizovano
� Slo�enije i ra unski skupo �za senzor nodove
![Page 10: Bezicne senzorske mreze](https://reader036.fdocument.pub/reader036/viewer/2022082215/55cf9bdb550346d033a79fcf/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Menad�ment WSN Hijerarhijska arhitektura
� Vi�estruki �menad�eri�
� Svaki menad�er izve�tava menad�era na vi�em nivou hijerarhije
� Nema direktne komunikacije me u �menad�erima istog nivoa hijerarhije
� Ovo je hibridno re�enje
![Page 11: Bezicne senzorske mreze](https://reader036.fdocument.pub/reader036/viewer/2022082215/55cf9bdb550346d033a79fcf/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Komunikacioni kanal
� Radio
� Infracrveni
� Opti ki�
![Page 12: Bezicne senzorske mreze](https://reader036.fdocument.pub/reader036/viewer/2022082215/55cf9bdb550346d033a79fcf/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Radio tehnologije
Za�to radio tehnologije?� Besplatno� Fleksibilno� Laka implementacija� Dovoljno �irok spektar� Globalna dostupnost
![Page 13: Bezicne senzorske mreze](https://reader036.fdocument.pub/reader036/viewer/2022082215/55cf9bdb550346d033a79fcf/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Radio tehnologije
� RFID
� ZigBee
� UWB
� Bluetooth
� Be�i ni LAN�
![Page 14: Bezicne senzorske mreze](https://reader036.fdocument.pub/reader036/viewer/2022082215/55cf9bdb550346d033a79fcf/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
RFID
� Tehnologija koja koristi radio talase za prenos podataka izme u ita a i � � �pokretnog objekta u cilju identifikacije, kategorizacije, pra enja �itd.
� RFID tehnologija je brza, pouzdana i ne zahteva direktan kontakt izme u �ita a i objekta (koristi se termin � � tag)
![Page 15: Bezicne senzorske mreze](https://reader036.fdocument.pub/reader036/viewer/2022082215/55cf9bdb550346d033a79fcf/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
�ta sa injava jedan RFID �sistem?
� Jedan ili vi�e RF tagova
� Dve ili vi�e antena
� Jedan ili vi�e ita a� �
� Jedan ili vi�e host ra unara�
� Odgovaraju i softver�
![Page 16: Bezicne senzorske mreze](https://reader036.fdocument.pub/reader036/viewer/2022082215/55cf9bdb550346d033a79fcf/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
RFID sistem
![Page 17: Bezicne senzorske mreze](https://reader036.fdocument.pub/reader036/viewer/2022082215/55cf9bdb550346d033a79fcf/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
RFID sistem
![Page 18: Bezicne senzorske mreze](https://reader036.fdocument.pub/reader036/viewer/2022082215/55cf9bdb550346d033a79fcf/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Tagovi
� Mogu biti read only ili read-write
� Memorija na tagu mo�e biti postavljena fabri ki ili se mo�e �menjati u zavisnosti od primene, mo�e biti i trajno zaklju ana�
� Ako nije zaklju ana mo�e se mnogo �puta menjati sadr�aj
![Page 19: Bezicne senzorske mreze](https://reader036.fdocument.pub/reader036/viewer/2022082215/55cf9bdb550346d033a79fcf/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Vrste tagova
Aktivni:
� Tag oda�ilje radio signal
� Baterijski napajan
� Velik domet (stotine metara)
Pasivni:
� Tag reflektuje radio signal ita a� �
� Kratak domet (desetak metara)
![Page 20: Bezicne senzorske mreze](https://reader036.fdocument.pub/reader036/viewer/2022082215/55cf9bdb550346d033a79fcf/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Varijacije
� Memorija (veli ina 16bit-512kB, tip)�
� Frekvencija (125kHz-5.8GHz)
� Fizi ke dimenzije�
� Cena (0.x� do 200�)
![Page 21: Bezicne senzorske mreze](https://reader036.fdocument.pub/reader036/viewer/2022082215/55cf9bdb550346d033a79fcf/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Radio tehnologije
� RFID
� ZigBee
� UWB
� Bluetooth
� Be�i ni LAN�
![Page 22: Bezicne senzorske mreze](https://reader036.fdocument.pub/reader036/viewer/2022082215/55cf9bdb550346d033a79fcf/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
![Page 23: Bezicne senzorske mreze](https://reader036.fdocument.pub/reader036/viewer/2022082215/55cf9bdb550346d033a79fcf/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
ZigBee/802.15.4 arhitektura
![Page 24: Bezicne senzorske mreze](https://reader036.fdocument.pub/reader036/viewer/2022082215/55cf9bdb550346d033a79fcf/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Standardi
� ZigBee alijansa
� IEEE 802.15.4
![Page 25: Bezicne senzorske mreze](https://reader036.fdocument.pub/reader036/viewer/2022082215/55cf9bdb550346d033a79fcf/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Primene ZigBee
![Page 26: Bezicne senzorske mreze](https://reader036.fdocument.pub/reader036/viewer/2022082215/55cf9bdb550346d033a79fcf/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Osnovne k-ke ZigBee/802.15.4
� Brzina prenosa 250kbps, 40kbps, 20 kbps
� Arhitektura u obliku zvezde ili direktna komunikacija
� Mala potro�nja snage
� Izuzetno nizak faktor ispune (>0.1%)
![Page 27: Bezicne senzorske mreze](https://reader036.fdocument.pub/reader036/viewer/2022082215/55cf9bdb550346d033a79fcf/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
ZigBee topologija
![Page 28: Bezicne senzorske mreze](https://reader036.fdocument.pub/reader036/viewer/2022082215/55cf9bdb550346d033a79fcf/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
ZigBee topologija
![Page 29: Bezicne senzorske mreze](https://reader036.fdocument.pub/reader036/viewer/2022082215/55cf9bdb550346d033a79fcf/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
ZigBee topologija
![Page 30: Bezicne senzorske mreze](https://reader036.fdocument.pub/reader036/viewer/2022082215/55cf9bdb550346d033a79fcf/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Radio tehnologije
� RFID
� ZigBee
� UWB
� Bluetooth
� Be�i ni LAN�
![Page 31: Bezicne senzorske mreze](https://reader036.fdocument.pub/reader036/viewer/2022082215/55cf9bdb550346d033a79fcf/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
�ta je UWB?
� Modulisani prenos sa propusnim opsegom koji je definisan kao (fH-fL)/fc i barem je 500MHz
� UWB spectar je od 3.1 do 10.6GHz
� UWB se sastoje od vrlo kratkih impulsa (reda picosekundi) koji se prenose preko vrlo �irokog spektra odjednom
![Page 32: Bezicne senzorske mreze](https://reader036.fdocument.pub/reader036/viewer/2022082215/55cf9bdb550346d033a79fcf/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
UWB spektar
![Page 33: Bezicne senzorske mreze](https://reader036.fdocument.pub/reader036/viewer/2022082215/55cf9bdb550346d033a79fcf/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
UWB � impulsni radio
![Page 34: Bezicne senzorske mreze](https://reader036.fdocument.pub/reader036/viewer/2022082215/55cf9bdb550346d033a79fcf/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
Prednosti UWB
� Veoma te�ko za prislu�kivanje� Mogu e ve e brzine prenosa (do � �
500Mb/s) od tradicionalnih metoda� Minimalna interferencija ka ostalim
servisima� Niski tro�kovi � Jednostavan prijemnik� �Vidi� kroz prepreke
![Page 35: Bezicne senzorske mreze](https://reader036.fdocument.pub/reader036/viewer/2022082215/55cf9bdb550346d033a79fcf/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
UWB standardi
� 802.15.4a
� WiMedia UWB
� WirelessUSB UWB ure aji ve postoje� �
![Page 36: Bezicne senzorske mreze](https://reader036.fdocument.pub/reader036/viewer/2022082215/55cf9bdb550346d033a79fcf/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
Radio tehnologije
� RFID
� ZigBee
� UWB
� Bluetooth
� Be�i ni LAN�
![Page 37: Bezicne senzorske mreze](https://reader036.fdocument.pub/reader036/viewer/2022082215/55cf9bdb550346d033a79fcf/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
Ciljevi i vizije Bluetooth-a
� Inicijalno zami�ljen kao zamena za �i ane veze�
� Kratko-dometna be�i na tehnologija�
� Dostupna specifikacija
� Prenos glasa i podataka
� Druge primene po inju da se razvijaju �(Personal area network PAN, Ad-hoc mre�e, be�i na telemetrija itd.)�
![Page 38: Bezicne senzorske mreze](https://reader036.fdocument.pub/reader036/viewer/2022082215/55cf9bdb550346d033a79fcf/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
Tehni ke osobine�
![Page 39: Bezicne senzorske mreze](https://reader036.fdocument.pub/reader036/viewer/2022082215/55cf9bdb550346d033a79fcf/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
Tri klase ure aja�
� 100m (snaga=20dBm)
� 10m (snaga=0-4dBm)
� 1m (snaga=0dBm)
![Page 40: Bezicne senzorske mreze](https://reader036.fdocument.pub/reader036/viewer/2022082215/55cf9bdb550346d033a79fcf/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
Tipi ni scenariji�
� Point to point i point to multipoint (piconet)
� Point to point se organizuju kao master-slave
� Piconet (jedan master i do 7 slave)
![Page 41: Bezicne senzorske mreze](https://reader036.fdocument.pub/reader036/viewer/2022082215/55cf9bdb550346d033a79fcf/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
Piconet
![Page 42: Bezicne senzorske mreze](https://reader036.fdocument.pub/reader036/viewer/2022082215/55cf9bdb550346d033a79fcf/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
Radio tehnologije
� RFID
� ZigBee
� UWB
� Bluetooth
� Be�i ni LAN�
![Page 43: Bezicne senzorske mreze](https://reader036.fdocument.pub/reader036/viewer/2022082215/55cf9bdb550346d033a79fcf/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
802.11 standard
� Od 1997.� Rad u 2.4GHz ISM � Robustan po pitanju interferencije� Pouzdano i efikasno be�i no �
umre�avanje� Podr�ane peer-to-peer i
infrastrukturne konfiguracije� Sve ve e brzine prenosa (802.11 �
a,b,g,n)
![Page 44: Bezicne senzorske mreze](https://reader036.fdocument.pub/reader036/viewer/2022082215/55cf9bdb550346d033a79fcf/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
Konfiguracije
![Page 45: Bezicne senzorske mreze](https://reader036.fdocument.pub/reader036/viewer/2022082215/55cf9bdb550346d033a79fcf/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
Be�i ne tehnologije�
![Page 46: Bezicne senzorske mreze](https://reader036.fdocument.pub/reader036/viewer/2022082215/55cf9bdb550346d033a79fcf/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
Be�i ne tehnologije�
![Page 47: Bezicne senzorske mreze](https://reader036.fdocument.pub/reader036/viewer/2022082215/55cf9bdb550346d033a79fcf/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
Pore enje�
![Page 48: Bezicne senzorske mreze](https://reader036.fdocument.pub/reader036/viewer/2022082215/55cf9bdb550346d033a79fcf/html5/thumbnails/48.jpg)
Kapacitet
![Page 49: Bezicne senzorske mreze](https://reader036.fdocument.pub/reader036/viewer/2022082215/55cf9bdb550346d033a79fcf/html5/thumbnails/49.jpg)
Pore enje kvaliteta�
![Page 50: Bezicne senzorske mreze](https://reader036.fdocument.pub/reader036/viewer/2022082215/55cf9bdb550346d033a79fcf/html5/thumbnails/50.jpg)
WSN kontekst
Dosada�nje tehnologije imale nedostataka:
� 802.15.4: slaba pouzdanost
� Zigbee: previ�e kompleksno
� WiFi: preskupo
� BT: premali broj nodova
![Page 51: Bezicne senzorske mreze](https://reader036.fdocument.pub/reader036/viewer/2022082215/55cf9bdb550346d033a79fcf/html5/thumbnails/51.jpg)
WSN kontekst
Tri nove alternative u 802.15.4a:
� Low-band UWB (DC-960MHz)
� Chirp Spread Spectrum (2.4GHz ISM)
� High-band UWB (3.1-10.6GHz)
![Page 52: Bezicne senzorske mreze](https://reader036.fdocument.pub/reader036/viewer/2022082215/55cf9bdb550346d033a79fcf/html5/thumbnails/52.jpg)
Pore enje�