Berger Step7 Lad&Fbd r

SIMATIC S7-300/400 STEP 7

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27

SIMATIC S7

STEP7 LAD FBD

SIMATIC S7-300/400 :: 6ES7810-4CA05-8AR0

LAD FBD

2- , 2001

, , . :

! ! !

, , .

, , .

, .

, .

. , , , .

:

!

, , , Siemens. , , , .

SIMATIC, SIMATIC HMI SIMATIC NET SIEMENS AG. , , ; , . Copyright Siemens AG 2003 , . . , , , .Siemens AG : / 4848, D- 90327 Siemens

. , . , , . .Siemens AG 2003 .

6ES7810-4CA05-8AR0

Die Deutsche Bibliothek CIP-Cataloguing-in-Publication-Data Die Deutsche Bibliothek

LAD FBD SIMATIC S7 . STEP7 S7-300/400. . . , . , , .

. Publicis MCD Corporate Publishing Postfach 3240 D-91052 Erlangen Federal Republic of Germany Fax: ++49 9131/72 78 38 E-mail: [email protected]

SIMATIC , , . , (SIMATIC S7), (SIMATIC 7) (SIMATIC 7). : S7-200 (-PLC), S7-300 S7-400 , , . STEP 7, STEP 5, SIMATIC. (PC) (, ) Microsoft Windows 95/98 Windows NT. () STEP 7 , DIN EN 6.1131-3. STL (statement list ; ), LAD (ladder logic ladder diagram ; , ; ), FBD (function block diagram ) SCL ( ), . : S7-GRAPH ( ), S7-HiGraph ( -

-) CFC ( ; ). . STEP 7. LAD FBD S7-300/400. S7-300/400 STEP 7. , -; . , ; , , , . LAD FBD ( ) . , , -/. LAD FBD. STEP 7 5.1.

, 2001

S7-300/400 1 SIMATIC S7300/400 ( S7-300/400) ; / (I/O) (PROFIBUS DP); (); ; 2 STEP 7 ; ; ; ; LAD/FBD; ; LAD FBD PLC, 4 AND, OR OR; 5 , , ; ; ; 6 ; MOVE; 7 SIMATIC- , ; IEC- 8 SIMATIC-; , , , ; IEC-

9 INT, DINT REAL 10 INT, DINT REAL 11 ; ; , , , 12 ; 13 14 AND, OR OR

3 SIMATIC S7 ; ; (Code Block) (Data Block); , ,

, 15 , ; ; EN/ENO 16 ; , RLO = 1; , RLO = 0;

20 ; ( , , ); ; / ; SFC SFB- 21 ; ; ; ; ; 22 , , ; STOP, HOLD, ; 23 ;

24 KNOW_HOW_PROTECT; , : ; 25 ; ; IEC; S5 S7; TI S7; PID-; 26 LAD ; ; 27 FBD ; ;

17 MCR-, MCR-, MCR-

18 , , ; , 19 , ; ,

, LAD FBD. , , : LAD_Book FBD_Book. Retrieve () 2 ( PC/PG). LAD_Book FBD_Book , . , ( ), ( ) . . . . SIMATIC- (SIMATIC Manager) File Dearchive ( ) ( README.TXT ). , , , . , . STEP 7 STEP 7 Mini, - STEP 7 -.

LAD_Book FB 101 FB 102 FB 103 LAD FB 104 4: FB 105 5: FB 106 6: FB 107 7: FB 108 8: LAD FB 109 9: FB 110 10: FB 111 11: FB 112 12: FB 113 13: FB 114 14: LAD FB 115 15: FB 116 16: FB 117 17: FB 118 18: FB 119 19: SFC- FB 120 20: FB 121 21: FB 122 22: FB 123 23: FC 11 FC 12 FB 20 ( ) FB 21 FB 22 UDT 51 UDT 52 FB 51 FB 52 FC 51 FC 52

FC 41 FC 42 FC 43 FC 44 32- ( )

FBD_Book FB 101 FB 102 FB 103 FBD FB 104 4: FB 105 5: FB 106 6: FB 107 7: FB 108 8: FBD FB 109 9: FB 110 10: FB 111 11: FB 112 12: FB 113 13: FB 114 14: FBD FB 115 15: FB 116 16: FB 117 17: FB 118 18: FB 119 19: SFC- FB 120 20: FB 121 21: FB 122 22: FB 123 23: FC 11 FC 12 FB 20 ( ) FB 21 FB 22

UDT 51 UDT 52 FB 51 FB 52 FC 51 FC 52 FC 41 FC 42 FC 43 FC 44 32- ( )

STEP 7

STEP 7

STEP 7. SIMATIC- (SIMATIC Manager) ( ) . . , , , CPU; . . , , . . . : (), ; , . SIMATIC- .

10

STEP 7

SIMATIC-

2 Hardware () SIMATIC-

Project ()

( CPU)

1

CPU c DP-: PROFIBUS, DP-

Hardware ( ) CPU

DP-, DP-

1

2

System Data ( )

11

STEP 7

()

3

CP-

UDT DB FC/FB, DB OB

,

3

System Data

Blocks ()

CPU

12

SIMATIC S7-300/400. S7-300/400 . , , ( CPU) . SIMATIC S7 / (I/O) . CPU . (load memory) : (work memory), . STEP 7 S7-300/400, SIMATIC- (SIMATIC Manager). SIMATIC- Windows 95/98/NT , . SIMATIC- , , , , . STEP 7. SIMATIC S7 , , (networks) (rungs). , . STEP 7 , ( BOOL ), ( INT REAL ), , ( ). S7-300/400, STEP 7. STEP 7 5.1. 3 SIMATIC S7 S7- LAD FBD. LAD FBD. .

1

SIMATIC S7-300/400 ; /; ; ;

2

STEP 7 SIMATIC-; ; ; ; ( , ); ;

3

SIMATIC S7 ; ; ; LAD FBD; ; ()

1 SIMATIC S7-300/400

11 SIMATIC S7-300/400 .......................................................... 4 1.1 ........................................................................ 4 1.1.1 .................................................................................................................... 4 1.1.2 S7-300............................................................................................................... 6 1.1.3 S7-400............................................................................................................... 7 1.1.4 CPU...................................................................................................... 9 1.1.5 ................................................................................................................. 10 1.1.6 ......................................................................................................... 11 1.2 / .......................................................................................... 13 1.2.1 DP- ..................................................................................................... 13 1.2.2 DP- ...................................................................................................................... 14 1.2.3 DP- ................................................................................................................... 14 1.2.4 PROFIBUS-PA................................................................................... 16 1.2.5 AS- .................................................................................. 17 1.2.6 ...................................................... 18 1.3 ...................................................................................................................... 20 1.3.1 ............................................................................................................... 20 1.3.2 .......................................................................................................................... 23 1.3.3 ...................................................................................... 26 1.3.4 ................................................................................................................... 27 1.4 .................................................................................................................... 29 1.4.1 ................................................................................................................. 29 1.4.2 ................................................................................................................... 29 1.4.3 ............................................................................................. 29 1.4.4 ................................................................................................ 31 1.4.5 ............................................................................................... 32 1.5 ................................................................................................................... 33 1.5.1 ............................................................................. 33 1.5.2 ............................................................................................................. 34 1.5.3 .......................................................................................................... 36

3


11.1

SIMATIC S7-300/400

1.1.1 SIMATIC S7-300/400 , : (Racks) ; (Power Supply, PS) ; (Central Processing Unit, CPU) ; (Interface Modules, IM) ; (Signal Modules, SM) ; (Function Modules, FM) CPU; (Communications Processors, CP) (); (Subnets) . ( ) , . , CPU / (SM, FM CP) ( I/O-) . / I/O- , , ( 1.1). / ( 1.2 /).

4

1.1

S7-300

IM 365 IM 361

IM 365

: IM 460-1 IM 460-0 IM 460-3 IM 463-2 1,5 5 (IM 461-1) 3 5 (IM 461-0) 100 5 (IM 461-3) 600 S5 (IM 314)

S7-400

1.1 S7-300/400

5


: / (I/O, P-) ( K-). I/O- (P-) , (K-) . CPU (MPI) . 1.1.2 S7-300 S7-300 8 I/O-. , , CPU 314 : ( IM 365, 1 ) ( IM 360 IM 361, 10 ). 8 . , 1,2 (0,8 CPU 312 IFM). , P K-. FM 356 7-300. FM 356 . . SIMATIC SIMATIC S7-300, . 25 +60, IEC 68 2-6, , IEC 721-3-3 3 5, -

6

1.1

EN 50155 ( ). . 1.1.3 S7-400 S7-400 18 9 (UR1 UR2); CPU , . IM 460-1 IM 461-1 1,5 , 5 . , 3 , IM 360-0 IM 361-0. , , IM 360-3 IM 361-3 100 . 21 . IM . P- K-. ER1 ER2 18 9 , , 24 P-, K-. K- UR1, UR2 CR2 , 1 6. CR2. CPU () . CPU K-, P- . S7-400, , CPU, . CPU. 20.3.6 21.6 .

7


SIMATIC S5 IM 463-2 S5 (EG 183U, EG 185U, EG 186U, ER 701-2 ER 701-3) S7-400, . IM 314 S5 . , . S7-400 IM 463-2; IM 463-2 S5. SIMATIC S7-300/400, (master station) (standby station), . , , , . . . / / ( 200 IM 153-3 PROFIBUS DP). ( ) Software Redundancy ( ). SIMATIC S7-400H SIMATIC S7-400H , , H-CPU - . ; . / (, ) ( 200). . , ;

8

1.1

. S7-400H. 1.1.4 CPU 1.2 CPU, . , (load memory) (work memory). CPU (plugin) . , , . RAM ( ), CPU. ; . - , . ( ) ( ) /

()

CPU S7-400

1.2 CPU 9


() , , . CPU . ( 2.6.4 CPU 2.6.5 ). RAM, . , EEPROM - EPROM, CPU . CPU 3IFM RAM- EEPROM-. RAM, () EEPROM, . CPU S7-300 ( CPU 318) RAM, . - EPROM . S7-300 ( data blocks) ( , ) . , . RAM CPU S7-400 . , , RAM. - EPROM . CPU S7-400 . STEP 7 5.1 (V5.1) CPU S7-400 ( 2.2.2 , ). 1.1.5 : RAM- EPROM. , RAM (, CPU S7-400). RAM- -

10

1.1

() . RAM . , , , EPROM. ( ) EPROM, . CPU , CPU . 1.1.6 (system memory) (), . ( ), . , , , () ( ), , . CPU : (Inputs, I) ( ) . (Outputs, Q) ( ) . (Bit memory, M) , . (Timers, T) , . (Counters, C) , . (Temporary local data, L) , . L, CPU . , , , . .

11


, , ( ). CPU S7-400 , L-, .

12

1.2 /

1.2

/PROFIBUS-DP () . DP- (DP master), DP (DP slaves). () / , PROFIBUS-DP PROFIBUS (- PROFIBUS). PROFIBUS-DP EN 50170 DP. PROFIBUS-DP 1.3.2 . DP- DP-. 32 , 127. DP . , PROFIBUS-DP , , -, 200 DP- SIMATIC S5.

1.2.1 DP- PROFIBUS-DP , DP DP-. DP- , ( ). DP- DP DP- ( 1.3). DP- ( DP-) PROFIBUS ( ). , , DP- DP- DP-, , , DP-, .. DP- , DP- DP-. DP S7, DP- DP-. CPU DP-.

13

1 SIMATIC S7-300/400 S7 DP-, , CPU 318-2DP , , 200 , , 200 , , CPU 315-2DP

PROFIBUS-DP DP/PA DP/PA DP/RS232C DP/AS-

PROFIBUS-PA

PROFIBUS-PA

AS-

1.3 PROFIBUS-DP 1.2.2 DP- DP- PROFIBUS. DP-. DP- CPU DP- (, CPU 315-2DP, CPU 417) CPU (, IM 467) CP CPU (, CP 342-5, CP 443-5) 1 2 (, ). 1.2.3 DP- DP- PROFIBUS. SIMATIC S7 DP- DP- ;

14

1.2 /

DP- (); ( ) DP- (I-slaves) , () . PROFIBUS DP DP- ET 200B ( / /; IP 20; 12 /), ET 200 ( IP 66/67; /; 1,5 / 12 /) ET 200L-SC ( / /; IP 20; 1,5 /). , (Link) DP/AS-i, PROFIBUS. PROFIBUS DP DP- 200. S7-300 DIN, , IM 153 CPU (SM) (FM) , . 9,6 / 12 /. 200 , DP- S7-400. , / S7300 . . . 200 IM 153-3 . IM 153-3 , DP , DP- . (I-) PROFIBUS-DP DP- S7-300, CPU, DP-, (, CPU 315-2DP), S7-300 CP 342-5 . 200 147/CPU DP-. 7 .

15


, 147/CPU, STEP 7. /, /, ( 5,5 400 ). 9,6 / 12 /. 1.2.4 PROFIBUS-PA PROFIBUS-PA PROFIBUS-PA (Process Automation ) (Ex- 1), , , , . PROFIBUS-PA EN 50170, 2 (PROFIBUS-DP), IEC 1158-2. PROFIBUS-DP PROFIBUS-PA: DP/PA-, PROFIBUS-DP 45,45 / DP/PA, PROFIBUS-DP PROFIBUS-PA. DP/PA- DP/PA- PROFIBUSDP. PROFIBUS-DP DP/PA- DP-, 45,45 /. DP/PA- 31 . PROFIBUS-PA 31,25 /. PROFIBUS-PA PROFIBUS-PA. DP/PA- : -Ex- 400 Ex- 100 . DP/PA DP/PA PROFIBUSDP 9,6 / 12 /. DP/PA IM 157 DP/PA- ( 5 ), SIMATIC S7. -

16

1.2 /

, PROFIBUS-PA, PROFIBUS-DP. DP/PA 31 . SIMATIC PDM SIMATIC PDM (Process Device Manager , SIPROM) , PROFIBUS-PA HART. HART- (Highway Addressable Remote Transducers ) DDL (Device Description Language ). SIMATIC PDM Windows 9x/NT , STEP 7. 1.2.5 AS- - - (actuator-sensor interface AS-i) . AS-i- 31 AS-i- 2- AS-i-, , . AS-i- AS-i, 8 () . AS-i 100 ; 2100 (AS-i- AS-i ) (AS-i- AS-i , ). AS-i- AS-i- AS-i- 5 . AS-i- SIMATIC S7 342-2 PROFIBUS-DP DP/AS ( 1.4). AS-i- 342-2 S7-300 200. : 342-2 /. 16 16 ( 128 ). AS-i- , .

17


ASi-. FC ( , / , ). DP/AS- AS-i- AS-i PROFIBUS-DP. PROFIBUS-DP DP-, AS- AS-i-, 31 AS-i-. AS-i- (31) DP/AS- 16 16 . 12 /.

S7-300

CP 342-2

PROFIBUS-DP AS-i DP/AS- :

AS- AS-i

AS-i

AS-i

AS-i

AS-i

4 AS-i ASIC

8 AS-i ASIC AS-i

1.4 AS-i SIMATIC S7 DP/AS- : DP/AS- 65 IP 66/67 DP/AS- 20 IP 20, , 20 . 1.2.6 PROFIBUS-DP/RS 232C RS 232C (V.24) PROFIBUS-DP. RS 232C PROFIBUS-DP DP/RS 232C.

18

1.2 /

DP/RS 232C 3964R (free) ASCII. PROFIBUS-DP/RS 232C -- (, point-to-point). PROFIBUS-DP PROFIBUS-DP/RS 232C. . 224 . PROFIBUS-DP 12 /; RS 232C 34 / , , -.

19


1.3

SIMATIC S7. . CPU - . ( Siemens). SIMATIC (SIMATIC NET) (-) SIMATIC. - (HMI-). .

1.3.1 1.5 . SIMATIC , . .

SIMATIC S7 CPU DB ID SD ID-

SIMATIC S7 CPU DB ID RD ID-

SFB

SFB

1.5 SIMATIC S7

20

1.3

SIMATIC S7 CPU MPI-, . , (CP), . . . ( ), , , (). S7- , , S7- . . , . , , () (). SIMATIC MPI, PROFIBUS, Ethernet (Industrial Ethernet) -- (point-to-point PTP). () , , . , , , . SIMATIC : S7-, PROFIBUS-DP, PROFIBUSFMS, PROFIBUS-FDL (SDA), ISO-, ISO-on-TCP (global data communications). () . , , (, ), .

21


SIMATIC : S7-, S7- (), FMS- FDL-, ISO-, ISO-onTCP- TCP-, UDP- e-mail-. . SIMATIC S7 CPU . (loadable blocks). 1.1 , . 1.1 MPI CPU SFC- SFB- ( S7-400) PROFIBUS-DP (, ) SFC- PROFIBUS-DP ( ) SFC- PROFIBUS-DFL PROFIBUS-DP ( ) SFC- SFB- ( S7-400) PROFIBUS-FMS PROFIBUS-FDL SFC- SFB- ( S7-400) , (GD table) SFC- (connection table), FB- Hardware configuration ( ), / , SFC- SFC- Hardware configuration, / , SFC- SFC- NCM, , SEND/RECEIVE SFC- , SFB- NCM, , FMS, SEND/RECEIVE SFC- , SFB-

PROFIBUS

CPU DP

IM 467

CP 342-5 CP 443-5

CP 343-5 CP 443-5

22

1.3

1.1 () Ethernet CP 343-1 CP 443-1 CP 343-1 IT CP 443-1 IT ISO TCP/IP SFB- ( S7-400) ISO TCP/IP, IT- SFB- ( S7-400) , NCM, , SEND/RECEIVE , SFB- NCM, , SEND/RECEIVE , SFB-

NCM ; NCM PROFIBUS . Ethernet.

1.3.2 . SIMATIC . : MPI SIMATIC . PROFIBUS , /. Ethernet . Point-to-point (PTP-) . STEP 7, , SIMATIC S7, , . S7 . MPI CPU ( multipoint interface, MPI). , CPU, - . Siemens.

23


MPI , . 50 . RS485 ( 1100 ) ( 100 ). 187,5 /. 32. . ( ). MPI CPU , SFC- SFB. . PROFIBUS PROFIBUS Process Fieldbus ( ), , EN 50170, . . ; 100 (12 /) 1000 (9,6 /). . 127; . , . ( ). () (), , , . . / PROFIBUS; PROFIBUS-DP . CPU DP-, CP. SFC- SFB-. PROFIBUS-FMS PROFIBUS-FDL, CP. (FMS- SEND/RECEIVE-), .

24

1.3

Ethernet Ethernet , , , IEEE 802.3. , . 1,5 , 4,5 . 10 /. 1000 Ethernet. , . , ( CSMA/CD-). . Ethernet SFB-, S7. Ethernet CP, ISO- ISO-on-TCP- SEND/RECEIVE-. -- (point-to-point) -- (PTP) . SIMATIC- . . RS 232C (V.24), 20 (TTY) RS 422/485. 300 / 19,2 / 20 76,8 / RS 232C RS 422/485. ; 10 RS 232C, 1000 20 9,6 / 1200 RS 422/485 19,2 /. AS- AS- ( /, AS-i) AS- IEC TG 178. AS- SIMATIC ; AS-I- (hardware configuration) (network configuration).

25


, ( ). 300 . 167 /. 31 , . 1.3.3 . : (PG): , ; , , . HMI-: -; OP, , . SFB-: . SFB- ; , . SFC-: 76 . SFC-; , . S7- MPI, PROFIBUS Ethernet. CPU . . ; . . MPI K- . PROFIBUS-DP /. EN 50170 2. SIMATIC

26

1.3

S7 ( SIMATIC) PROFIBUS. PROFIBUS-FMS (Fieldbus Message Specification ) (FMS-) EN 50170 2. PROFIBUS. PROFIBUS-FDL (Fieldbus Data Link ) SDA (Send Data with Acknowledge ), EN 50170 2. . PROFIBUS-FDL , , SIMATIC S5 PROFIBUS. ISO- ISO 8073 4. . ISO- , , SIMATIC S5 Ethernet. ISO-on-TCP TCP/IP RFC 1006. Ethernet. 1.3.4 (connection) . ; () ( ). . ; ( ). . Connection type ( ) ( 2.4 ). S7 PROFIBUSDP SFC-. (global data table); PROFIBUS-DP SFC- .

27


() CP. , , S7 MPI- CPU, CPU; MPI- CP CP CPU. CPU . OP ( ). SFC-.

28

1.4

1.4

1.4.1 , , ( 1.6). , , +HP01S10 ( , Switch motor on), , . , / (I/O-) (, 5, 2). CPU , (I 5.2, ). I 5.2 - . - , ( ), (symbol table). - . 1.4.2 ( S7). . ( ). , . , . , / . DP- . Hardware Configuration STEP 7 S7 . ( 2.3 ). 1.4.3 , , , (

29


/). / 0 , CPU.

+HP01 S10

0 n I/O 0 4 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 4 5 7 0 n+1 7 0 5

7

7

5 DI 16

I- 4

I 5.2

BOOL

(LAD)

(FBD) &

I 5.2

I 5.2

&

1.6 , ( ) , ( ). () , . , . 0, 1, 2 3; . : 8 30

1.4

8, 9, 10 11. (, ) , . 2, 4, 8 16 , 4, 8, 16 32 . ( ) CPU , , . (0-). (configuration table). S7-3 DP-, S7-318 S7-400 . . . FM CP . / () /. / . DP- , ( ) ( ). / , SFC 14 DPRD_DAT SFC 15 DPWR_DAT. , , (Input) (Output). , FM CP , . 1.4.4 , . ( ), . (, ), / , . / . ; , , CPU .

31


STEP 7 , /. Hardware Configuration. ; ( 20.4.1 /). 1.4.5 , DP- (, DP-, DP-, ) PROFIBUS , . MPI- , MPI ( CPU, FM CP), MPI-. , - . , CPU S7-300 FM CP, , MPI-, MPI- CPU. CPU S7-300 MPI- FM CP MPI- CPU. CPU 318 MPI- , MPI-. .

32

1.5

1.5

, , , , , ( 7 8 ), L- ( 18.1.5 ). () .

1.5.1 SIMATIC S7 : , Load () Transfer (), . , /. () . . / , , , . . , , , . . ; . /, , , (peripheral inputs, PI) (peripheral outputs, PQ). , CPU .

33


(PI) . PI . I/O- 0; CPU. / (Direct I/O Read) , ( , ). , , (Direct Read). . , , . , . (PQ), . PQ . I/O- 0; CPU. Direct I/O Write ( /) , (, ). , , . . , Direct I/O Write ! , . , . 1.5.2 , . (I), (Q). , .

34

1.5

, , . 20.2.1 . CPU S7-300, CPU S7-400, 1998 ., . . CPU, , CPU 417, . . CPU , . (input) . , . CPU . : , ( / ). , (, () / , , ). . ( ). , . , (random access memory). . , . ( 20.2.4 ).

35


(output) . , . CPU . : ( / ). , (, () /, , ). . . . (), . , . , , . . 20.2.4 . 1.5.3 , , , . . , . CPU . CPU. , . : (temporary local data), , ;

36

1.5

(static local data), , . () ( ), , . . CPU. 22.2.3 . . ( ), (watchdog) ( ) (clock memory). , ( ) 1:1. ( 1.7). , , CPU. , .

7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 10 5 ( ) 2,5 ( ) 2 1,25 ( ) 1 0,625 ( ) 0,5

1.7

37

2 STEP 7

22 STEP 7 ............................................................................................ 4 2.1 STEP 7............................................................................................................ 4 2.1.1 .................................................................................................................... 4 2.1.2 .................................................................................................................... 5 2.1.3 SIMATIC- ....................................................................................................... 5 2.1.4 ................................................................................................... 8 2.1.5 ..................................................................................................... 10 2.2 .................................................................................................... 11 2.2.1 ....................................................................................................... 11 2.2.2 , , ........................................................ 13 2.2.3 ........................................................................................................... 15 2.3 ................................................................................................ 17 2.3.1 ................................................................................................... 19 2.3.2 ...................................................................................................... 19 2.3.3 ............................................................................................ 20 2.3.4 MPI .......................................................... 21 2.3.5 ............................................................... 21 2.4 ...................................................................................................... 23 2.4.1 .......................................................................................... 25 2.4.2 DP- Network Configuration ......................... 26 2.4.3 .................................................................................. 27 2.4.4 ........................................................................................................ 32 2.4.5 ....................................................................................... 33 2.5 S7 ...................................................................................................... 35 2.5.1 ........................................................................................................................ 35 2.5.2 ........................................................................................................ 36 2.5.3 ....................................................................................................... 38 2.5.4 .................................................. 41 2.5.5 ......................................................................................................... 42 2.5.6 ....................................................................................................... 43 2.5.7 ............................................ 45 2.6 () ................................................................................ 48 2.6.1 PLC........................................................................................................ 48 2.6.2 ............................................................................... 49 2.6.3 CPU ......................................................................................................... 50 2.6.4 CPU.......................................................... 51 2.6.5 ......................................................................................................... 52 2.7 .................................................................................................... 55 2.7.1 ..................................................................... 55 2.7.2 STOP................................................. 56 2.7.3 ......................................................... 56 2.7.4 ( Force)....................................... 58 2.7.5 ..................................................................... 61 2.7.6 LAD/FBD...................................................................................... 62

3

2 STEP 7

22.1

STEP 7 STEP 7 STEP 7 5.1 (V5.1). , , . (statement list, STL), (ladder logic, LAD) (function block diagram, FBD). , S7-SCL (structured control language ), S7-GRAPH (sequence planning ) S7-HiGraph (state-transition diagram -).

2.1.1 STEP 7 V5 32- , Windows 95 Service Pack 1 ( 4.00.950), Windows 98 Windows NT Service Pack 3 ( 4.00.1381). STEP 7 Windows 95/98 (programming device, PG) PC 80486 32 RAM; Pentium 64 . Windows NT Pentium 32 RAM; , STEP 7 Windows NT. STEP 7 , , , 100 , PC . STEP 7 V5 200 300 (, ) . ( swap-out). 128 256 . , , , . , , . , , . , Windows. SETUP Windows 95/98/NT. STEP 7 .

4

2.1 STEP 7

STEP 7 V5 - ( ), NCM CP STEP 7 Acrobat Reader V3.01. MPI-. , MPI. , (prommer). STEP 7 V5 , , , , , , . Windows (Windows Control Panel) SIMATIC Workstation ( SIMATIC). . 2.1.2 STEP 7 ( ). . STEP 7 , . . () . - , , - , , . . 2.1.3 SIMATIC- SIMATIC- (SIMATIC Manager) STEP 7; () Windows (Start).

SIMATIC Manager

SIMATIC- .

5

2 STEP 7

(Project Wizard). . (, check box) Display Wizard on starting the SIMATIC Manager ( SIMATIC- ), File New Project Wizard ( ). (project). . , File Open ( ), : ( ), ( 2.1). ; .

2.1 SIMATIC- STEP 7 SIMATIC. . , . , , , MPI. CPU, CPU , S7-. , , (container) , Blocks (), , , .

6

2.1 STEP 7

STEP 7 . 2.2 ( ), STEP 7 S7- . () . . , . CPU ( PLC), View Online ( ). , , ; , , . MPI [PTP, PROFIBUS, Ethernet] SIMATIC 300/400 CPU xxx S7 OB n FB n FC n DB n SFC n SFB n UDT n VAT n S7 CPU (= ) (, STL- SCL-) . , CPU () , CPU ( , S7-, CPU)

2.2 STEP 7

7

2 STEP 7

, (). , . Options Customize ( ) View (). Options Customize ( ) , SIMATIC-, (), (libraries), , . : () , , ( ). ( , ) Edit Object Properties ( ) . , CPU, (), Hardware Configuration ( ). , . , SIMATIC- . , SIMATIC- (, , ). . , , (toolbar). . . 2.1.4 STEP 7 (main objects) . (Projects) , .

8

2.1 STEP 7

, , , ( , , ). . () , . , . (Libraries) . . STEP 7, , , ( ), (symbol table). ( ) , . STEP 7 V5 (Standard Library), : System Function Blocks ( ) , CPU, ; S5-S7 Converting Blocks ( S5-S7) S5/S7 ( S5 ); I-S7 Converting Blocks ( I-S7) I-S7; IEC Function Blocks ( IEC) DATE_AND_TIME STRING; Communication Blocks ( ) CP 342-5 (CP-); PID Control Blocks ( PID-) ; Organization Blocks ( ) (templates) ( ).

9

2 STEP 7

25 . , S7 , . . File Open ( ) . . File New ( ) (, ). , SIMATIC- , Options Customize ( ) New (). Insert () (, ). , SIMATIC- , . Edit Copy ( ) Edit Paste ( ) , Windows, . , SIMATIC- (undo) . 2.1.5 () , , . (topic), , Help (). , GETTING STARTED () , SIMATIC-. Help Contents ( ) STEP 7 . . Help Context-Sensitive Help F1 ( - F1) - , F1, , . . , . , , , , .

10

2.2

2.2

, . , , , , CPU . , S7- - . , ( , CPU, ) Hardware Configuration. , SIMATIC-. , , (!) Windows Explorer ( Windows) SIMATIC-.

2.2.1 (Project wizard) STEP 7 V3.2, STEP 7 Wizard ( STEP 7). CPU, S7 CPU, S7-, . S7 , . 2.1.3 SIMATIC-. File New ( ), , RETURN. Insert Station SIMATIC 300 Station ( SIMATIC 300) ( S7-300).

11

2 STEP 7

, , ; SIMATIC- . Hardware () Hardware Configuration, (configuration table). , View Catalog ( ). , , SIMATIC 300 RACK 300, , ( drag & drop). . , , . , , CPU, , CPU 314 2. . 2.3 . , SIMATIC. CPU. CPU SIMATIC- S7 Program (S7-) . . S7 Program CPU; S7- (connection table) S7 Program Connection. S7-; SIMATIC- (Blocks ), . (Blocks); SIMATIC- (System data ) ( 1). . 1 , , , .

12

2.2

Insert S7 Block ( S7) (Blocks ) . System data ( ) . . Hardware () Station (). System data ( ) CPU, PLC Download (PLC ), CPU. Source Files ( ) . Source Files ( ), Insert S7 Software STL Source File ( S7 STL), . Insert External Source File ( ), , , , ASCII, Source Files ( ). S7 . . S7- Insert Program S7 Program ( S7-). S7- SIMATIC- Sources () Blocks (). Blocks () 1. , , , . , , . , , , STEP 7 . 2.2.2 , , SIMATIC- : , . STEP 7, .

13

2 STEP 7

File Rearrange ( ) SIMATIC- . , (), (). File Rearrange ( ), SIMATIC , , , . . (File Archive, ). SIMATIC- ( ) . . STEP 7 ARJ PKZIP 2.50, - (WinZip 6.0, Pkzip 2.04g, JAR 1.02 LHARC 2.13). () . File Retrieve ( ) . . Archive (), Options Customize ( ); , Generate archive path automatically ( ) ( , ). CPU STEP 7, 5.1, CPU S7400 () CPU, . , , , , - . , CPU . , CPU, , CPU PLC Save Project on Memory Card (PLC ). : PLC Retrieve Project from Memory Card (PLC 14

2.2

). , , CPU, CPU, . , CPU, , CPU PLC Display Accessible Nodes (PLC ). , File S7 Memory Card Open ( S7 ). 2.2.3 STEP 7 V5 SIMATIC- . STEP 7 V1 1, STEP 7 V2 2, STEP 7 V3/V4/V5.0 2 3. STEP 7 V5.1 V3 V3-.

STEP 7 V1

V1

STEP 7 V2

STEP 7 V5.1

V1 V2 File Open version 1 project.

V2 V3, File Open.

V3 File New Project.

V3 V3

V2 V2

V2 File New project 2.x. V2 V3 File Save As. V2 V3. STEP 7 V3/V4/V5.0

2.3

15

2 STEP 7

1, 2 File Open Version 1 Project ( 1). , 1, STL-, . 2 STEP 7 V2, V3, V4 V5.0 ( 2.3). STEP 7 V5.1 3. , V1- V2- File Open Version 1 Project ( 1), V2-, File Open ( ). V2- 2 .

16

2.3

2.3

Hardware Configuration. CPU. . . , Edit Open Object ( ) Hardware SIMATIC 300/400 Station ( SIMATIC 300/400). Options Customize ( ). , Station Consistency Check ( ) . Station Save ( ) .

2.4 Hardware Configuration

17

2 STEP 7

Station Save and Compile ( ) , System data ( ) Blocks (). CPU PLC Download (PLC ). System data ( ) Blocks () CPU. PLC Upload (PLC ). Station Export ( ). STEP 7 ASCII, . . ASCII-. Hardware Configuration (checksum) . , , , . System data ( ). , S7- Blocks (), System data ( ) Edit Open Object ( ). . Blocks (): Blocks () Edit Object Properties ( ) Checksums ( ). Hardware Configuration ( 2.4). . DP- . , , , PROFIBUS, DP-. , DP-, .

18

2.3

View Catalog ( ). , , STEP 7. Options Edit Catalog Profile ( ), , , , - . . Hardware Configuration , , DP-. , . . 2.3.1 , , , SIMATIC 300 RACK 300, , - (drag&drop). . . No Parking ( ) . S7-300 3 ; . . S7-400 ( : ) Link () Properties () Send IM ( Edit Object Properties, ). I/O- 20.4.2 /. 2.3.2 Hardware Configuration () . 19

2 STEP 7

. CPU S7-400 CPU S7-300 DP- . , S7-300 S7-400, . , , () . , ; . S7-400, (subsidiary) ( Part process image). CPU, , . View Address Overview ( ) , , CPU. MPI- MPI-. . , , MPI- CPU . Hardware Configuration (), . , , . () Edit Symbols ( ). , , , ( ). Add Symbol ( ) . Apply () . . 2.3.3 . , . . Edit Object Properties ( ). 20

2.3

. CPU, () . SFC 55 WR_PARM, SFC 56 WR_DPARM SFC 57 PARM_MOD. 2.3.4 MPI MPI () (Module Properties). CPU MPI, CPU , , Edit Object Properties ( ). Interface () General () Properties (). , Parameter (), . MPI-, CPU. , CPU S7-300 FM CP MPI MPI- CPU. MPI- MPI-, ( FM CP!). . : CPU, CPU (). CPUxxx(1), MPI-. , , , CPUxxx(1) CPUxxx(n), n - MPI-. MPI- MPI- (operator panel, OP) . MPI ; () MPI- () . : 0 , 1 2 CPU ( ). 2.3.5 Hardware Configuration () . , () , CPU. . -

21

2 STEP 7

, PLC Monitor/Modify (PLC /) (Monitor) (Modify) . Hardware Configuration Status Value ( ) . Modify Value ( ) , Modify Value. () I/O Display ( I/O) , / ( ) / ( ). Enable Perif Outputs ( ) , CPU STOP () ( 2.7.5 ). 2.7.3 2.7.4 .

22

2.4

2.4

S7 SIMATIC-. . SIMATIC- . Hardware Configuration ( CPU CP); . Network Configuration ( ) . Network Configuration . Network Configuration ; . , : MPI ; , Insert Subnet ( ). Network Configuration . . . , . Network Configuration : MPI Options Define Global Data ( ) ( 20.5 ). Network Save ( ) Network Configuration. Network Consistency Check ( ). Network Configuration Network Save and Compile ( ).

23

2 STEP 7

Network ( ) Network Configuration . SIMATIC- MPI. Network Configuration. Network Configuration, Connections () CPU.

2.5 Network Configuration Network Configuration () . , , CPU S7-400, . (Network Object Catalog) SIMATIC, DP-. View Catalog ( ), ( ).

24

2.4

View Zoom In ( ), View Zoom Out ( ) View Zoom Factor ( ) . 2.4.1 Network Configuration . , , , . . . , . . Network Configuration, , , () . Network Configuration. Network Configuration . , , , . . . . , . : Edit Object Properties ( ). , , General () ID () S7. ID , . ID S7 , . , , , Network Settings ( ). ( ) Edit Object Properties ( ), , , , . Interfaces () , .

25

2 STEP 7

( , Hardware Configuration). 2.4.2 DP- Network Configuration Network Configuration /. View With DP Slaves ( DP-), DP- . DP-, : PROFIBUS ( , PROFIBUS ). DP- ( , , DP- Hardware Configuration CPU, ). DP- PROFIBUS ( Hardware Configuration, DP- Network Configuration, , PROFIBUS). DP-, . DP- PROFIBUS , . DP- Edit Open Object ( ). Hardware Configuration. , , / ( 2.3 ). DP- (I-slave) , ( 20.4.2 /). DP- Already created stations ( ); , DP-, ( Hardware Configuration). View Highlight Master System ( ) DP-; .

26

2.4

2.4.3 . , SFB- SIMATIC S7 ( ) SIMATIC S7. : MPI . , , , . PG/PC ( ) Stations (), PG/PC . . : , , . Connections () CPU . Connections () Network Configuration, . , Network Configuration CPU S7-400. ( 2.1; , ). Insert New Connection ( ) . CPU. , CPU S7-300; CPU S7-300 S7-. Station () Module () New Connection ( ) ( 2.6); . . Show Properties Dialog ( ).

27

2 STEP 7

. View Display Columns ( ) . ID () CPU. STEP 7 ID . . ID (local ID, ID ). , ID. ID . , : S7-: 0001hex 0FFFhex PtP-: 1000hex 1400hex ID (partner ID) CPU ( ) ID: Edit Object Properties ( ). STEP 7 ID , ( ). 2.1 Local ID / ID Partner ID / ID Partner / Active connection partner / Send operating mode messages /

Type /

1 2 3 4

1 2

1

416 / CPU416(5) 416 / CPU416(5) 315 / CPU315(7) 417 / CPU414(4)

S7 S7 S7 S7

28

2.4

. -, (Station) unspecified (). (one-way connection) ; : SFB- CPU S7-400 S7-300. SFB- S7-300, CPU S7-400 SFB 14 GET SFB 15 PUT. S7300 , . CPU. STEP 7 ID. . (two-way connection) ; , CPU S7-400 SFB 8 SEND SFB 9 BRCV. . STEP 7 ID ID . . STEP 7 Network Configuration : PtP- ( ) ( 3964(R) RK 512) SFB-. PtP- ( point-to-point, ) . SIMATIC S7 CP SIMATIC ( Siemens), , . S7- MPI, PROFIBUS Ethernet SFB-. S7- SIMATIC S7 -. S7-, . S7- PROFIBUS Ethernet SFB-. S7- SIMATIC S7, PC.

29

2 STEP 7

NCM S7 for PROFIBUS NCM S7 for Industrial Ethernet CP. NCM : FMS-, FDL-, ISO-, ISO-on-TCP-, TCP-, UDP- email-. (). , , . Active Connection Buildup ( ) ( , Edit Object Properties, ). . , . CPU- SFB 23 USTATUS. (connection path) , . , STEP 7 : 1) 2) 3) 4) Ethernet; Ethernet/TCP-IP; MPI; PROFIBUS.

CPU, , . Interface (), . CPU (, CPU S7-400 ), PLC-internal (PLC-). Types () , . , , MPI PROFIBUS, Types () MPI. PROFIBUS, STEP 7 . Address () MPI PROFIBUS-.

30

2.4

2.6 31

2 STEP 7

S7, SIMATIC-, unspecified () ( ). , (STEP 7 ). . , S7 , S7: ( Siemens, S7 ); /PC; SIMATIC S5. , , . , Network Configuration, Edit Object Properties ( ) Interfaces (). 2.4.4 , . , S7, MPI. , PROFIBUS, S7, . , , . , (routing tables), . S7 , .

32

2.4

, . (placeholder), PG/PC- . PG/PC- , . PLC Assign PG/PC (PLC PG/PC). . PLC Undo PG/PC Assignment (PLC PG/PC). , , ID S7. ID S7 : . ID Network Configuration Edit Object Properties ( ) General (). 2.4.5 , PLC ( CPU). : , . , . . , , STOP. PLC Download (PLC ) . , , : Selected Stations Selected and Partner Stations Selected Connections Stations on Subnet Connections and Routers ( ), ( -), ( ), ( ), ( ).

33

2 STEP 7

System data ( ) Blocks (). . MPI . PC Ethernet PROFIBUS, . Set PG/PC Interface ( PG/PC) Windows (Windows Control Panel).

34

2.5 S7

2.5

S7

2.5.1 S7 Program (S7-). (CPU) CPU. Symbols (), Source Files ( ) Blocks () ( 2.7).

2.7 , -- (block-by-block). . Blocks (). CPU , . . , ( ), Source Files ( ). ASCII, , . , Blocks (). STL; LAD FBD, , LAD FBD, .

35

2 STEP 7

. , , I 1.0 ( absolute addressing). Symbols () (- , , Switch motor on ) ( symbolic addressing). Blocks () , ( address priority). 2.5.2 ; , , , . (, I1.0) (, Start signal). . , . (local) (global) . , . . . ( Symbols () S7 Program (S7-)).

2.8 , 24 . , , . 00hex, FFhex (). . . 80 . :

36

2.5 S7

I, Q, PI PQ; , ; OB, FB, FC, SFC, SFB DB; UDT; (variable table) VAT. ; . S7 SIMATIC- Symbols (). , ( 2.8). S7 . . , . , BOOL () , INT () , 16- . 3.5 , , . , ; . , . , . . , , . ASCII- ( *.asc), (*.seq), (System Data Format, *.sdf Microsoft Access) (Data Interchange Format, *.dif Microsoft Excel). . .

37

2 STEP 7

Edit Special Object Properties ( ) . - (HMI-) WinCC; ; ; S7-PDIAG. View Columns O, M, C, R ( O, M, C, R). Options Customize ( ) , , . 2.5.3 STEP 7 (Program Editor) LAD, FBD STL. LAD FBD , ; 2.9 . , ; , . LAD/FBD , 7 ( CPU ). , STL. SIMATIC, , 1 Windows, Start Simatic STEP 7 LAD, STL, FBD Program S7 Blocks ( Simatic STEP 7 LAD, STL, FBD S7).

38

2.5 S7

()

PG

PLC PLC

()

CPU

2.9 LAD/FBD Options Customize ( ). Editor () Create Blocks ( ) , , , , , . Blocks () ( , ), . , , , STL. ,

39

2 STEP 7

, , 7 , . , : (KNOW_HOW_PROTECT), ( 24.1 ). , , Blocks (). , (network). , . Create Blocks ( ), Options Customize ( ), . , CPU, PLC. SIMATIC- ; . PG. , File Save ( ) CPU, PLC Download (PLC ). , CPU, File Save As ( ). CPU, . CPU , , , . CPU, PLC Download (PLC ). CPU RUN (), . , File Save ( ). 2.6.4 CPU 2.6.5 . 3.3 3.4 , LAD/FBD.

40

2.5 S7

2.5.4 Source Files ( ), Options Customize ( ), Generate source file automatically ( ) , ( ) , . . . Execute () , . SIMATIC Edit Export Source File ( ). ASCII-, , . Source Files ( ) Insert External Source File ( ). , LAD FBD, LAD- FBD-. SIMATIC File Compile ( ). Blocks () STL-. , View LAD ( LAD) View FBD ( FBD). . Addresses Symbolic ( ), . , , , , , . . ( ), , . () Rewire () . , I0.0 I0.7 I 16.0, , I 16.7. , , , , FC FB.

41

2 STEP 7

SIMATIC- , ; , , Ctrl, Blocks () . Options Rewire ( ), , . SIMATIC- . , , . , . : Address priority ( ); , , , . 2.5.5 Blocks (), Blocks () , , () . Absolute address has priority ( ) ( , STEP 7). , , , . Symbol has priority ( ), , . : :I 1.0 Limit_switch_up I 1.1 Limit_switch_down

I1.0 :I 1.0 Limit_switch_up

42

2.5 S7

I1.0 I1.1 :I 1.0 Limit_switch_down I 1.1 Limit_switch_up

, :I 1.1 Limit_switch_up

Symbol has priority ( ) Absolute address has priority ( ), :I 1.0 Limit_switch_down

, Absolute address has priority ( ) (statement) ( , , , ). Symbol has priority ( ), (, ). Symbol has priority ( ), . , . , , 7- . , . 2.5.6 SIMATIC- (reference data), . : (I, Q, M , )

43

2 STEP 7

, Blocks () Options Reference Data Display ( ). View Filter ( ); Save as Standard ( ). . Options Customize ( ) Create Blocks ( ) , . , ; , , . , . , ( ), , , ( ) . STL , ; SCL . , . , Edit Go To Line ( ) . , View Filter ( ), , . , , . STEP 7 , Standard (), , . : , . , , ( ). I/Q/M , I, Q . , . , , . / , . . : , () . 44

2.5 S7

. . : . + -. , , / . , , . / . . : ? ? ? ( )? , , . , , . : ? , , ? , . . : ( - )? 2.5.7 SIMATIC- . , . , , , STEP 7 SIMATIC- Language () Options Customize ( ).

45

2 STEP 7

, , STEP 7 . . , , . , . *.csy, , , Microsoft Excel. . . . . SIMATIC- , , , , , , . Options Manage Multilingual Texts Export ( ). . , ( 2.2). , , SymbolComment.csv . () Microsoft Excel File Open ( ) ( ). , . Options Manage Multilingual Texts Import ( ). (log-) , . , , .

46

2.5 S7

2.2 () BlockTitle BlockComment NetworkTitle NetworkComment LineComment InterfaceComment (, ) (, ) UDT

SymbolComment

SIMATIC- Options Manage Multilingual Texts Change Language ( ). (, ), . log-. Options Manage Multilingual Texts Delete Language ( ).

47

2 STEP 7

2.6

() , (engineering system, ES). S7 , . CPU, . . () CPU , .

2.6.1 PLC MPI MPI- CPU. , CPU . MPI CPU, (MPI-). MPI- CPU. CPU , CPU System Data ( ) Blocks () Hardware Configuration, PLC Download (PLC ). CPU MPI- ( ) . MPI- CPU MPI- CPU , MPI-. , MPI- . , , , MPI-. MPI- CPU . , CPU . CPU, . , CPU PLC Display Accessible Nodes (PLC ). Accessible Nodes Module (MPI=n) Online User Program (Blocks) (MPI=n) (). Module () , . Blocks () CPU. (, , ) .

48

2.6 ()

CPU , , . SIMATIC-, PLC Upload Station (PLC ). CPU . CPU , () . MPI- CPU, S7- Edit Object Properties ( ) Addresses Module ( ) CPU. S7 Program (S7-), CPU . Blocks () , CPU. , , ( , ). CPU , , CPU . , SIMATIC-, CPU . 2.6.2 CPU . , , . , , . Hardware Configuration, Protection () CPU. 1: ( ). , . RUN-P (-P) STOP ; RUN . , . RUN Can be revoked with password ( ), 49

2 STEP 7

, CPU, . 2: , . 2: / , . 2 3 2 Can be revoked with password, . 8 . , , . CPU PLC Access Rights (PLC ). CPU S7-. Enter Password ( ) Use password for other protected modules ( ) , , . S7. , , CPU, . 2.6.3 CPU CPU, . ( ) S7 ( ). PLC Diagnose Hardware (PLC ) 2.7.1 .

50

2.6 ()

PLC Module Information (PLC ) (, ), , ( , ), ( , ), ( CPU, , ), ( , , , SFC SFB), ( ), STOP (B-, I- L-). PLC Operating Mode (PLC ) ( , RUN STOP), . PLC Clear/Reset (PLC /) () CPU, STOP. PLC Set Time and Date (PLC ) CPU. PLC CPU Messages (PLC CPU) , SFC 52 WR_USMSG, SFC 18 ALARM_S SFC 17 ALARM_SQ. PLC Display Force Values (PLC ), PLC Monitor/Modify Variables (PLC / ) ( 2.7.3 2.7.4 ). 2.6.4 CPU ( ) CPU CPU. RAM -EPROM, CPU () . -EPROM, . CPU ; CPU. CPU -EPROM, CPU, . RAM CPU STOP, . 51

2 STEP 7

. RAM . ( CPU, , GD-, ), System Data ( ) CPU ( PLC Download - PLC ). CPU ; CPU . , PLC System Data ( ). PLC Download (PLC ) , , , , . : PLC Save Project on Memory Card (PLC ) ( 2.2.2 , , ). , CPU. 2.6.5 RAM , . CPU PLC Download (PLC ). . . , , CPU STOP, . , . . , , . SIMATIC- SCL Blocks () CPU. CPU , SCL. SCL- , , .

52

2.6 ()

STL ( CPU), , . , , ; ( , , , ). , , , (, , , ). RAM, . -EPROM, , RAM. -EPROM (invalid). , -EPROM . -EPROM . CPU, . , ( ), . , . , . Compress (). RUN, ; STOP. PLC Module Information (PLC ), Memory (). , , .

53

2 STEP 7

, , SFC 25 COMPRESS. / (initial value) (actual value) ( 3.4 ). CPU, , . , , . CPU , . View Data View ( ). CPU, . -EPROM, , , CPU. , . . S7-300 , . , UNLINKED (), ; . SFC 20 BLKMOV.

54

2.7

2.7

CPU () , , , , . , , , . CPU STOP , , , CPU. . , , , CPU 1. 1 , , , , , . PLCSIM CPU .

2.7.1 Diagnose Hardware ( ). MPI SIMATIC. , , View Online ( ). PLC Display Accessible Nodes (PLC ) CPU. PLC Diagnose Hardware (PLC ) ( ). Hardware Configuration ; SIMATIC- View () Options Customize ( ). , , ( , ), (, ) ( ).

55

2 STEP 7

2.7.2 STOP CPU - STOP, STOP . CPU , STOP , . , PG , S7- Diagnostic Buffer ( ) PLC Module Information (PLC ). ( 1) STOP, , STOP because programming error OB not loaded (STOP, ). , STOP, , , FC not loaded ( FC). , . , Open Block ( ) . STOP , , , Stacks (). Stacks () B- ( ), , . I-stack (I-) , , CPU (, , , ) . L- ( ) , B-. 2.7.3 VAT. . , , . : , . VAT, . 255 ( VAT 1 VAT 255) . 1024 255 ( 2.10).

56

2.7

VAT , Blocks () Insert S7 Block Variable Table ( S7 ), VAT S7 Program (S7-) PLC Monitor/Modify Variables (PLC / ). , ( ), ( View Display Format Display Format ). , . , . , . Table Save ( ) Blocks ().

2.10 , , PLC Connect To (PLC ). VAT , PLC Disconnect (PLC ). () , Variable Trigger ( ), . , CPU .

57

2 STEP 7

, . , . Start of circle ( ), 1. End of circle ( ), 1 . Variable Monitor ( ). VAT . . , Display format ( ). ESC . Variable Update Monitor Values ( ) , . CPU, , Variable Modify ( ). , , . // Variable Modify Values as comment ( ); . , Display format ( ). , . ESC . Variable Activate Modify Values ( ) , . 2.7.4 ( Force) CPU .

58

2.7

( ). CPU . : , . (VAT). VAT, CPU. Variable Display Force Values ( ), , . CPU , . . VAT Table Save As ( ). : I ( ) (S7-300 S7-400) Q ( ) (S7-300 S7-400) PI ( S7-400) PQ (S7-300 S7-400) ( S7-400) Variable Force ( ). CPU . , : (, ) (, ) . S7-400 (, ) (, SFC )

59

2 STEP 7

. S7-300 . S7-300 : CPU ; CPU . : CPU! Variable Delete Force ( ). , , CPU . , . /, CPU. ( , ), . , , , (, ), . ( ), , (error substitute value), , CPU STOP. , , (, ), . , . . , , , , , () , . I , PI, ;

60

2.7

. , . PQ, Q ( ). Q ; ( ). , . 0 OD ( STOP, HOLD RESTART , ) (: OD ). OD , . STOP Enable PQ ( PQ), STOP ( OD). Enable PQ ( PQ) (safe) ( 0 ); RUN. 2.7.5 STOP OD; OD , , , CPU STOP. . , CPU. : STOP . : , ! (PQ) . PLC Connect To (PLC ), , , CPU, , PLC Operating Mode (PLC ) STOP. OD Variable Enable Peripheral Outputs ( ); 0, . 61

2 STEP 7

Variable Activate Modify Values ( ). . Variable Enable Peripheral Outputs ( ) ESC. OD , 0, . STOP, (), OD RESTART RUN. 2.7.6 LAD/FBD Program status ( ) . (network). , , CPU, . , , SIMATIC-. . (network), . Debug Monitor ( ). . ( , ) LAD/FBD Options Customize ( ). , Debug Monitor ( ). , Debug Call Environment ( ). , . , . , No condition ( ). . Debug Modify Address ( ). . : . (debug mode) . , , , . (process mode) 62

2.7

, , , ( ). CPU, , CPU Protection (). CPU, . . Debug Operation ( ).

63

3 SIMATIC S7

33 SIMATIC S7 ............................................................................................................. 4 3.1 ........................................................................................................... 4 3.1.1 ..................................................................................... 4 3.1.2 .................................................................................................... 6 3.1.3 .................................................................. 8 3.2 ..................................................................................................................................... 10 3.2.1 .................................................................................................................. 10 3.2.2 ......................................................................................................... 12 3.2.3 ........................................................................................................... 14 3.2.4 ........................................................................................................ 17 3.3 .................................................................................. 21 3.3.1 ................................................................................................. 21 3.3.2 LAD................................................................................. 28 3.3.3 FBD ................................................................................. 31 3.4 .................................................................................... 35 3.4.1 ........................................................................................................... 35 3.4.2 .................................................................................................... 35 3.4.3 .................................................................................................................... 36 3.5 , ............................................................................ 38 3.5.1 ................................................................................ 38 3.5.2 ................................................................................................ 39 3.5.3 ..................................................................................................... 43 3.5.4 .................................................................................................. 44 3.5.5 ................................................................................................ 52 3.5.6 ................................................................................................ 57 3.5.7 ................................................................................. 57

3

3 SIMATIC S7

3

SIMATIC S7 CPU SIMATIC S7-300/400, ( ), () . LAD FBD. . ; , . .

3.1

CPU (operating system) (user program). , , . , , . CPU, . , , , . , () .

3.1.1 , CPU . , ( 3.1). , , (priority classes), ( mutual interruptibility), . (main program), CPU. , CPU

4

3.1

() () .

-

3.1

5

3 SIMATIC S7

(organization block OB). . CPU . , . CPU (startup routine). , CPU . , , S7-300 ( complete restart); S7-400 , ( warm restart). 1, . (, network) 1. 1 ( ) CPU , , , 1. , , (interrupts) (errors). ( ), CPU ( watchdog interrupts, time-of-day interrupts ). , . , , , . . , , . CPU; CPU STEP 7. 3.1.2 3.1 SIMATIC S7 . CPU . ; CPU ; CPU.

6

3.1

3.1 SIMATIC S7 1 TOD- 10 17 20 23 30 38 40 47 60 70 72 73 80, 8184,86,87 85 90 100, 101, 102 121, 122 (, ) , (, 100 ) I/O- ( /) - 1 2 36 7 15 16 23 25 2 24 2 24 2 24 2 24

- I/O- CPU , (, time error, SE-, , / , /) , (, I/O)

25 28 25 262) 262) 262)

2 26 2 28 2 26 26 2 26 24 26

291) 27

, 1) . 2) : 28

90 ( ) 1 , 1, . 100 ( ) 101 ( ); 27. , , 28. . CPU. (7

3 SIMATIC S7

) . ; CPU 85 (Program Processing Error - ) STOP. (L-). 18.1.5 . 3.1.3 CPU , . CPU ( Hardware ()), . . CPU . STEP 7 . Startup ( ) ( , , ); Ready () ; ( CPU ). Cycle/Clock Memory (/ , ) / ; ; ; ; . Retentive memory ( ) , ; . Memory () ( ); L- . Interrupts () , , ( ) . Time-of-Day Interrupts ( ) , .

8

3.1

Cyclic Interrupts ( ) , . Diagnostic/Clock (/ ) STOP; ; . Protection () ; . Multicomputing ( ) CPU. Integrated I/O ( /) /. CPU , , .

9

3 SIMATIC S7

3.2

. STEP 7 . . (Blocks). , , .

3.2.1 STL : (user blocks) . (system blocks) . (standard blocks) ( ) , (FM) (). () . : (Organization blocks - OB) . CPU , , . 1. , , .

10

3.2

(Function blocks - FB) , . (variable memory), . , , (call) . , ( , ). (instance data block), (call instance) (instance). ; (local instance). (Functions - FC) . . ( ) . . . . (Data blocks - DB) . , ( , ). : 1) (global data blocks), 2) (instance data blocks). , , . , . CPU. ; CPU. . () .

11

3 SIMATIC S7

. ( , SFC, , SFB) ( , SDB). , CPU . SFC SFB, , . (user memory); SFB . SDB , . STEP 7 . , , , . , SDB (load memory). . ( ). , STEP 7 (, IEC- S5/S7). 25 , (Standard Library). 3.2.2 (code blocks) ( 3.2): (block header), , , ; () (declaration section), () ( ); (program section), .

12

3.2 , , , Block header ( ) Block type Address ( ) Block header Var_xxx name: Data type := Initialization; name: Data type := Initialization; END_VAR Program ()

Declaration ()

BEGIN Program & = END_Block Type

&

,

, , DATA_BLOCK Address ( ) Block header STRUCT

Block header

Declaration

name: Data type := Initialization; name: Data type := Initialization; END_STRUCT

BEGIN name := Initialization; END_DATA_BLOCK

3.2

13

3 SIMATIC S7

: (block header) ; () (declaration section) , ; (initialization section), . . (declaration view) (data view) ( ). 3.2.3 . File Properties ( ) ( 3.3). General Part 2 ( 2) : Local Data ( ): ( ); 7: ( ); Load memory requirement: ; Work memory requirement: . KNOW HOW Protection ( -) . , , . () (declaration table) . KNOW_HOW_PROTECT. , , , ( !). , Siemens, Standard Block ( ). DB is write-protected in the PLC (DB PLC ) . , .

14

3.2

. . , .

3.3 , Unlinked () ; . , , , SFC 20 BLKMOV. General Part 2 ( 2). Name () ; , . . Family () . , (program elements catalog).

15

3 SIMATIC S7

Author () . . , . Version () 0 15. General Part 1 ( 1) (time stamps): , . , , . (time stamp conflict). 1 2. . multi-instance capability ( , DB ), , 2. multi-instance capability , , . 1 ( STL). Calls () , , . . Attributes () , , , SIMATIC PCS7. , . SIMATIC-, Edit Object Properties ( ) General Part 2 2. . (Properties) Blocks (). Blocks () Edit Object Properties ( ). Blocks () Size in work memory ( ) Size in load memory ( ).

16

3.2

, ( ) . Blocks (), ( ). SIMATIC- , Ctrl. , ( ), SIMATIC- CPU Memory (), PLC Module Information (PLC ). (Checksum) (Program Editor) Blocks (). , . . , Blocks () Edit Object Properties ( ). 3.2.4 (block interface) . (, ), . . ( 19 ). . : ( ), , . , . (Time stamp conflict) , . , . . , , , , 17

3 SIMATIC S7

, . , , , . , ( ), . , , : , ; ; ( , , ); ( ); UDT , UDT; , , UDT. UDT-. Edit Block Call Update ( ). , ; . . , . , Check block consistency ( ). , . Blocks () Edit Check Block Consistency ( ). , , 5 SP3 STEP 7. , ( , 18

3.2

Check block consistency ( ) ), Program Compile ( ). 1:Compile (1:). . ( 3.4). .

3.4 (reference tree) : , . : DB 20/FB 20 1, FB 21 FB 22 FB 20.

19

3 SIMATIC S7

(dependency tree) , . , . : FB 32 DB 20/FB 20, 1. DB 29, FB 20. , , , . ( ) , . , Edit Open Block ( ) , , .

20

3.3

3.3

2.5 S7 .

3.3.1 . SIMATIC-, File Open ( ). , : SIMATIC- Blocks (), Insert S7 Block ( S7 ) . (Properties) . General Part 1 ( 1) LAD FBD. . File New ( ), ( , , ). . , Create Block ( ), Options Customize ( ). , , File Properties ( ). , ( 3.5). : () (variable declaration table). . (program window). . (program element catalog). STL .

21

3 SIMATIC S7

3.5 LAD () . , , , . . ( 3.2). 3.2 Input parameters ( ) Output parameters ( ) In-out parameters (/ ) Static local data ( ) Temporary local data ( ) in out in_out stat temp OB FC FC FC FC FB FB FB FB FB

22

3.3

(variable types) . - , . , , ( ) ( ). (, ). 19 . ( ), . , 8 16 , BYTE () - . () BOOL () BYTE (), . ( ). , (network), () , . View Comment ( ), View Symbolic Representation ( ) View Symbol Information ( ). , View Zoom In ( ), View Zoom Out ( ) View Zoom Factor ( ). () LAD/FBD- , ( ). , 1. 999 . (network title) (network comment). , Edit Go To ( ). . , Display with comments ( ), . . . (current path) LAD (logic operation) FBD. 23

3 SIMATIC S7

Insert Network ( ). . , . , () Block End ( ), (, , ). (Network templates) , , , , , . , , , , S7- Source Files ( ). , , () . , , %00 %99. . , , , . , () ( ). , . ; Ctrl . Create Network Template ( ). . ( Source Files ( ) ). , (Program Elements Catalog) ( ). , . .

24

3.3

(Absolute addressing) (ID) / . , . , . . . Type check for address ( ) LAD/FBD, Options Customize ( ). (Symbol addressing) , . . Options Symbol Table ( ), . View Display Symbolic Representation ( ). View Display Symbol Information ( ) ( ) . , , Insert Symbol ( ), Insert Symbol ( ) , . , View Display Symbol Selection ( ). , LAD/FBD. , , . , . , LAD/FBD, STL. 25

3 SIMATIC S7

(program output), , , , ( ), Edit Call Update ( ). UDT. Edit Call Change to Multi-Instance Call ( ) Edit Call Change to FB/DB Call ( FB/DB) . . , View Catalog ( ) Insert Program Elements ( ). , ( ). LAD FBD, , , Blocks (), ( 3.6).

26

3.3

3.6 LAD FBD

27

3 SIMATIC S7

3.3.2 LAD LAD, . . (current path) (rung) (power rail). , , (, F2 (normally open - NO) ), , ( Insert Program Elements or View Catalog ( )). (coil) (box). 3.3 . (). , (label). (Contacts) , (inputs), . . (normally open contact), 1 ( ); (normally closed contact), 0 ( ). , ( ) ( NOT ()). (Coils) , (outputs). , , .

28

3.3

, , (Set coil) (Reset coil), . , , . (Boxes) LAD . STEP 7 : EN/ENO, , , , ; EN/ENO, , MOVE (), , . ( FC, FB, SFC SFB), LAD EN/ENO. , LAD (Empty box), . (Contacts) NO (Coils)

NC (, )

NOT

(, , , )

JMP FP

(Boxes) EN/ENO (, ) S_PULSE S TV R Q BI BCD EN IN1 IN2 ADD_I ENO OUT EN in1 in2 in3 EN/ENO (, ) (, ) DB m FB n ENO out1 out2 out3

3.7 LAD

29

3 SIMATIC S7 Network 2: Parts ready to remove When the parts have reached the end of the belt, they are ready for removal.

Load

EM_Loa_N N S

Ready_rem SR Q

Remove

EM_Rem_P P R

Basic_st

/Mfault1

3.8 LAD LAD . , ( ) . LAD. , ( ), . : LAD , ( , ). , LAD, . ; - , ( ); ENO EN ; ( ) ENO. 30

3.3

ENO: ENO () , , , ( 15.4 ). 3.3.3 FBD , ( , ) . ( , F2 AND ()), (Insert FBD Element AND Box FBD AND) Insert Program Elements ( ) View Catalog ( ). (assign box). 3.3 . (). : , (labels). () , , , AND (), OR () Exclusive OR ( ). . , 1 . .

31

3 SIMATIC S7

AND, OR, OR &

, , , , , .. = CU () JMP

>=1

XOR

EN/ENO (, ) S_PULSE S TV R BI BCD Q EN IN1 IN2 ADD_I OUT ENO EN in1 in2 EN/ENO (, ) (, ) DB m FB n out1 out2 ENO

3.9 FBD , , . . , (), , , . . STEP 7 : EN/ENO ( , , ) EN/ENO ( MOVE, , ).

32

3.3

(FC, FB, SFC SFB), FBD EN/ENO. , FBD (Empty box), .Network 2: Parts ready to remove When the parts have reached the end of the belt, they are ready for removal. EM_Loa_N N Load EM_Rem_P P Remove /Mfault1 Basic_st R Q >=1 S Ready_rem SR

3.10 FBD FBD . , . . . - ( ). , - . , -. , FBD, . , ; - , ( ); ENO EN ;

33

3 SIMATIC S7

AND OR ENO. , , ( 15.4 ). ENO: AND ENO , , OR ENO , ( ) .

34

3.4

3.4

2.5 S7 . (data blocks) LAD FBD.

3.4.1 . SIMATIC-, File Open ( ). , : SIMATIC-: Blocks (), Insert S7 Block Data Block ( S7 ) . (Properties) . General Part 1 ( 1) . DB. . : File New ( ), . Object Name ( ) . . , . , File Properties ( ). 3.4.2 , New Data Block ( ); , . : Data block ( ) ; () ; Data block with assigned user-defined data type ( , UDT) ; UDT (User defined data type);

35

3 SIMATIC S7

Data block with assigned function block ( ) ; , . 3.4.3 3.11 . : (declaration view), , ; (data view), .

3.11 ( ) 36

3.4

. , . , , . UDT ( ) UDT. : . (Declaration view), View Declaration View ( ), , , , (UDT) . (Data view), View Data View ( ), . . , CPU. . : . , ( FB/DB) . View Data View ( ) Actual value ( ). Edit Initialize Data Block ( ) .

37

3 SIMATIC S7

3.5

,

3.5.1 (variable) ( 3.12). (, 5.2, 5 , 2 ). , () .

. .

+

+

3.12 BOOL () (binary address) (binary operand). , , (digital operand). , , () . , . , (, DI, L-, DB-). , ( ). 32 , , , . STL-. , IEC, STEP 7 ( 38

3.5 ,

). , , (, , 30 , ). (Constants) . . 3.5.2 : (absolute addressing) (symbolic addressing). , (0), . - , () () . (indirect addressing), . . , , . () . () (binary signal) . , . ., , , , . . . (analog signal) 16 . , (word), ( ). (-

39

3 SIMATIC S7

, ) , 16- (16 ). , 16 , (, ).QW 27 QW 24 7 QB 24 0 7 QB 25 QW 25 0 7 QB 26 QW 26 0 7 QB 27 0

3.13 (information width - ) , . (, ), , (data type) . BOOL (), INT (). . STEP 7 , : 1 8 16 32 BOOL (); BYTE () 8- ; WORD () 16- ; DWORD ( ) 32- .

BOOL () , . (0) . CPU. 0 7. : I 1.0 Q 16.4 0 1; 4 16.

40

3.5 ,

BYTE () , . . : IB 2 QB 18 2; 18.

WORD (). , . W. : IW 4 QW 20 4; 4 5; 20; 20 21.

DWORD ( ). , . D. : ID 8 QD 24 8; 8, 9, 10 11; 24; : 24, 25, 26 27.

. : DB 10.DBX 2.0 DB 11.DBB 14 DB 20.DBW 20 DB 22.DBD 10 2.0 DB 10; 14 DB 11; 20 DB 20; 10 DB 22.

18.2.2 . ( , symbol). . 24 . ( ) . STL . SCL # .

41

3 SIMATIC S7

( ) . (global) (local) , . : ; , , , ; , ; ; . , , . 00hex FFhex. . STL . ; . , 2.5.2 . . , . . ( ) ( ) . #. ( ) #. ( Blocks ()). , . .

42

3.5 ,

, . , , . . () , ( ) . , , MSERIES[1] . LAD FBD (INT) (constant) . , , FRAME.HEADER.CNUM. . (), . : MVALUES MVALUE1, MVALUE2 MTIME. :MVALUES.MVALUE1 MVALUES.MVALUE2 MVALUES.MTIME

18.2.2 . 3.5.3 (data types) , , , . STEP 7 , (user-defined data types, UDT). . LAD FBD . (Elementary data types), (Complex data types), (User data types), ( ) (Parameter data types). 43

3 SIMATIC S7

3.3 . , , LAD_Book FBD_Book Data Types () . 3.3 BOOL, BYTE, CHAR, WORD, INT, DATE, DWORD, DINT, REAL, S5TIME, TOD , (32 ) , DT, STRING, ARRAY, STRUCT UDT TIMER, COUNTER, BLOCK_DB, BLOCK_SDB, BLOCK_FC, BLOCK_FB, POINTER, ANY

, , (DT, STRING) , ( ),

( )

3.5.4 , , . 3.5 . , (, TIME# T#). . () 3.4 . (Name) () ( 24 , , ). (Type) .

44

3.5 ,

3.4 (Name) Automatic Manual_off Measured_value Memory Waiting_time (Type) BOOL BOOL DINT WORD S5TIME (Initial Value) FALSE TRUE L#0 W#16#FFFF S5T#20s (Comments) 0 1 DINT WORD S5TIME

(initial value). , . (Comments) . BOOL (), BYTE (), WORD (), DWORD ( ), CHAR () BOOL , , I 1.0. BYTE, WORD DWORD ( ), 8, 16 32 . . - (BCD) (count), , CHAR, ASCII- (). BCD- - (Binary coded decimal BCD) . BCD- 16# () 0 9. BCD- . S5TIME# ( ), 16# C# - . C# BCD- 000 999, 0. , BCD- . BCD- () , . BCD- 16- , , 15- . 0 , . 1 , .

45

3 SIMATIC S7

. 32- . 16- BCD-: 0 999. 32 - : 0 9 999 999. 3.5 BOOL BYTE CHAR WORD () (1 ) ( ) (8 ) 8- (8 ) (ASCII) (16 ) 16- 16- , 3 () BCD 8- (32 ) 32- 32- 8- (16 ) (32 ) (32 ) ( ) (16 ) SIMATIC (32 ) IEC (16 ) (32 ) FALSE TRUE B#16#00, 16#00 B#16#FF, 16#FF , , A W#16#0000, 16#0000 W#16#FFFF, 16#FFFF 2#0000_0000_0000_0000 2#1111_1111_1111_1111 C#000 C#999 (0,0) (255,255) DW#16#0000_0000, 16#0000_0000 DW#16#FFFF_FFFF, 16#FFFF_FFFF 2#0000_00000000_0000 2#1111_11111111_1111 (0,0,0,0) (255,255,255,255) -32 768 +32 767 L#-2 147 483 648 L#+2 147 483 647 +1.234567+02 123.4567 S5T#0ms S5TIME#2h46m30s T#-24d20h31m23s647ms TIME#24d20h31m23s647ms T#-24.855134d TIME#24.855134d D#1990-01-01 DATE#2168-12-31 TOD#00:00:00 TIME_OF_DAY#23:59:59.999

DWORD

INT DINT REAL

S5TIME TIME

DATE TIME_OF_DAY

46

3.5 ,

Char () CHAR (character, ) . CHAR ASCII-, , A. , . , 3.6. : $$ ASCII-. MOVE () ASCII, , CHAR ASCII- . 3.6 CHAR CHAR $$ $ $L $l $P $p $R $r $T $t Hex ( ) 24hex 27hex 0hex 0hex 0Dhex 09hex (Dollar sign) (Apostrophe) () (Line feed, LF) (New page, FF) (Carriage return, CR) (Tabulator)

INT ( ) INT (integer) (16- ). INT . . 0- 14- () . 15- (sign, S). 0 , , 1 . ( ). : +32 767 (7FFFhex) -32 768 (8000hex). DINT ( ) DINT (32- ). DINT-, 32 767 -32 768, L#. DINT . 0- 30- . 31- .

47

3 SIMATIC S7

31, 0, ; 1, . ( ). : +2 147 483 647 (7FFF FFFFhex) 2 147 483 648 (8000 0000hex). REAL () REAL 32- ( ). REAL . . , 10. STEP 7 REAL- . REAL , ( ) ( ). : -3.402 823 10+38 1.175 494 10-38 0 +1.175 494 10-38 +3.402 823 10+38. : 1.175 494 10-38 1.401 298 10-45 +1.401 298 10-45 +1.175 494 10-38. CPU S7-300 ( CPU 318) . . , , OV OS ( - overflow).

48

3.5 ,

CHAR m 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 ASCII- BCD-, 7 m 31 28 27 106 24 23 105 m+1 20 19 104

BCD-, 3 m 15 12 11 102 8 7 101 m+1 4 3 100 0

m+2 16 15 103 15 14 S 2 2 14 13

m+3 8 7 102 101 4 3 100 0 2 2 202 1

12 11

0

INT

DINT 31 30 S 230 229 REAL 31 30 S 27

16

15

0 22 21 20

216 215

23 22 20

0-2

2 2 S5TIME 15 14 100 DATE 15 14 215 214 213 102 101

-1

2-23

0 100

0 22 21 20

TIME 31 30 S 2 2 TIME_OF_DAY 31 30 2 2 2 31 30 29 30 29

16 216

15 2 15 2

0 2 21 20

16 216

15 2 15 2

0 2 21 20

3.14 (S )

49

3 SIMATIC S7

REAL : (31 ), 8- 2 ( 23- 30-) 23- ( 0- 22-). 0 () 1 (). (, +127), 0 255. . , 1 ( ) 0 ( ). . 3.7 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 255 255 1 254 0 0 0 0 1 254 255 255 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 + + - -

S5TIME S5TIME STL, LAD FBD SIMATIC. 16- 1 + 3 . (hours), (minutes), (seconds) (milliseconds). STEP 7 , BCD- 000 999. : 10 (0000), 100 (0001), 1 (0010) 10 (0011). . : S5TIME#500ms S5T#2h46m30s (= 0050hex) (= 3999hex)

50

3.5 ,

DATE () DATE . , 01.01.1990. , , . : DATE#1990-01-01 D#2168-12-31 TIME () TIME . (d), (h), (m), (s) (ms), . (ms) 32- . : TIME#24d20h31m23s647ms TIME#0ms T#-24d20h31m23s648ms (= 7

Berger Step7 Lad&Fbd r

Documents

Transcript of Berger Step7 Lad&Fbd r