BECTHIYK CAHKT-nETEPEYPfCKOl-0 YHMBEPCMTETA Cep… · 2003 BECTHIYK CAHKT-nETEPEYPfCKOl-0...

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2003 BECTHIYK CAHKT-nETEPEYPfCKOl-0 YHMBEPCMTETA Cep. 5. Bbxn. 2 (Nc 13) Bse~en~e Ha npor~~~~un csoeii mkfw~ MM Heperno nonxopohl K ~~~B~JIMM n nepeKpecTlcaM, Korm - 0 Aemb ~1~6op - 6y~y4eii npo@eccm, pa- Mecra xamxmm, MO~HMX ue~~mii, ,m6mbm, nom- y6wew cmm ~ H M n T, A. rIacro mnm peruem He co~ce~ p~O~HbI - Eat KOHe'iHbIe pe3J'JIbTaTbI B ~OII~LWHCI~~ Cn)RlaeB HefiCI-bI, TaK YTO HaM IIpNXOwfi qucnyLIMBaTbcx K HaLueMy ((BHyTpemieMy ronocp. I'Iocne mocmemHo MOHOTOHHONJ n crro~oihioro nepuona pa3~m-m B IJempam~oii n Bocrowioii E~pone ee Haceneme o mocb nepen MHOX~CTBOM ctnepeqecrKoB>). B =OM KO~OTKOM xce R nmzmcb P~~M~IL~TUT~~ 06 OAHOM ~3 mix: m e aJLbTepmmmbx 60ra~m~y CyxuemyIOT B narrx~~ crp=? &'-~m, uro sonpoc arqa.rfeH. hx,m% XoYeT 6bm 60ra~m4 WJI~I, no qakceii Mepe, ~e 6en~b1~. ~orro~y ~anra AemnbHom, KaK qasmo, wenem ~a nocrmeme 6ommero 6oran;rea. ~OY~MY CnOBO ((~OBHOCTb)) XIOlTaIIO B 3WJIaBlfe CTitTbki, ~OCBX~~HHO~~ TaKOMY 3KOHOMK ' IeCKOMY RBJIeHkW, MK ~OT~TCTBO? KOH~YHO, eCTb WdHbI, IIallpkiMep, kl- H PocCW~, C OCO~~HHO 6ora~oii ~ O B H O ~ ~ Xli3HbH). b b 1 e HapOJ&I n3BeCTHbI CKOpee BWIUKOJIe~HbIMn MaKP03KOKOMX~eCKUMM Pe3YJIbTaTaMU CBO& fieHTeJTbHOcTli, MllpHMep, B~ICOKHM noKa3aTeneM BBn Ha ~yrrry Hacenem. Bos~ormia~ JTH kame-rn6y~b s~o~o~rnecm OTHOKIeHuR M e w ~XOBllOCTbH) U ~O~~TCTBOM? He CTaHy BAaBaTbCJi B rny6m1 TWHCTBeHHOTO RBJIeHUII AYXOBHOCTH. Beppmii BbIBOm ee or Eora, ncnxonor onpeAenrreT ee KaK sne~e~~ cosmma nnw Toro, YTO H~XOAMTCR ((now), ccsa>), ((nepew) CO~H~HH~M. Herzo~opare npoc~o o-rpnqm ee cymecTsoaame. TO KacaeTcfi TepMma ((~OR~TCTBO)), TO OHO T~~~~~[E;IOHHO orpaHwvKsae-rca ~anpkiamrroii c@epok. - * IIepeso~sm c arim. O a m ~ a Ypy~oea. Penax~opb~ nepesona -a-p ~KOH. Hayr, npo4. B.T. Pma~oa; a-p aKoH. Hap, npoa. JI.JJ. UIHPOKOP~A. XOPBAT ~IWOP - lKpO@eccOp( E ~ A ~ ~ ~ u I T ) . B 1975 r. OKOHVHJI YHHB~PCHWT 3KOHOMH'leCKHX HaYK HMeHH Kapna M a p ~ c a . C@pa Haytmx HHTepecoB: P~IHKH Qax~opoa npoeaaoncma; pacnpeneneme noxoaa. 6orarclaa H ~KOHOMH~~CKBII CnpaSe~HBOcTb B COBpeMeHHbIX pblH04HbIX 3KOHOMHKaX; IlePCIIeKTUBbt ~SI~T~PH~THBHO~ ~KOHOMH~~CKO~~ MbICIUI; non- rna~nstream economics; Mopamtiax ~KOHOMH=I~CK~R HayKa; ~KOHOMH~I~CKO~ noBeneHHe TBO$~~CKOR JIUSHOCIH; n0CTMOAepH B ~KOHOMH~~CKO~ HayKe. h ~op 37 OII~~JU~KOB~HH~~X HaYYHblX pa6or, B TOM SHCne MORO~~C$HH d1060~b K cyuemoeaHHro)) (((Love of existence))).2-e ~ 3 n . Budapest. AULA Publishing. 2002.

Transcript of BECTHIYK CAHKT-nETEPEYPfCKOl-0 YHMBEPCMTETA Cep… · 2003 BECTHIYK CAHKT-nETEPEYPfCKOl-0...

Page 1: BECTHIYK CAHKT-nETEPEYPfCKOl-0 YHMBEPCMTETA Cep… · 2003 BECTHIYK CAHKT-nETEPEYPfCKOl-0 YHMBEPCMTETA Cep. 5. ... O~KO He MOXeT 6bnb HkiKaKElX COMH~KS~ B TOM, ... JIYWLIR~ 6pamb1e

2003 BECTHIYK CAHKT -nETEPEYPfCKOl -0 YHMBEPCMTETA C e p . 5. Bbxn. 2 (Nc 1 3 )

B s e ~ e n ~ e Ha n p o r ~ ~ ~ ~ u n csoeii m k f w ~ MM Heperno nonxopohl K ~ ~ ~ B ~ J I M M n nepeKpecTlcaM, Korm

-0 A e m b ~ 1 ~ 6 o p - 6y~y4eii npo@eccm, pa- Mecra xamxmm, M O ~ H M X u e ~ ~ m i i , ,m6mbm, n o m - y 6 w e w cmm ~ H M n T, A. rIacro mnm peruem He c o ~ c e ~

p ~ O ~ H b I - Eat KOHe'iHbIe pe3J'JIbTaTbI B ~ O I I ~ L W H C I ~ ~ Cn)RlaeB HefiCI-bI, TaK YTO HaM IIpNXOwfi

qucnyLIMBaTbcx K HaLueMy ((BHyTpemieMy ronocp. I'Iocne mocmemHo MOHOTOHHONJ n crro~oihioro nepuona pa3~m-m B IJempam~oii n Bocrowioii E~pone ee Haceneme o m o c b nepen MHOX~CTBOM ctnepeqecrKoB>). B =OM KO~OTKOM xce R nmzmcb P ~ ~ M ~ I L ~ T U T ~ ~ 06 OAHOM ~3

mix: m e aJLbTepmmmbx 6 0 r a ~ m ~ y CyxuemyIOT B n a r r x ~ ~ crp=? &'-~m, uro sonpoc arqa.rfeH. hx,m% XoYeT 6 b m 60ra~m4 WJI~I, no qakceii Mepe, ~e 6 e n ~ b 1 ~ . ~ o r r o ~ y ~anra AemnbHom, KaK

qasmo, w e n e m ~a nocrmeme 6ommero 6oran;rea.

~ O Y ~ M Y CnOBO ((~OBHOCTb)) XIOlTaIIO B 3WJIaBlfe CTitTbki, ~ O C B X ~ ~ H H O ~ ~ TaKOMY

3KOHOMK'IeCKOMY RBJIeHkW, MK ~ O T ~ T C T B O ? KOH~YHO, eCTb WdHbI, IIallpkiMep, kl- H

PocCW~, C O C O ~ ~ H H O 6ora~oii ~ O B H O ~ ~ Xli3HbH). bb1e HapOJ&I n3BeCTHbI CKOpee BWIUKOJIe~HbIMn MaKP03KOKOMX~eCKUMM Pe3YJIbTaTaMU CBO& fieHTeJTbHOcTli, MllpHMep,

B~ICOKHM noKa3aTeneM BBn Ha ~yrrry Hacenem. Bos~ormia~ JTH kame-rn6y~b s ~ o ~ o ~ r n e c m e OTHOKIeHuR M e w ~XOBllOCTbH) U ~ O ~ ~ T C T B O M ?

He CTaHy BAaBaTbCJi B rny6m1 TWHCTBeHHOTO RBJIeHUII AYXOBHOCTH. B e p p m i i BbIBOm

ee or Eora, ncnxonor onpeAenrreT ee KaK s n e ~ e ~ ~ cosmma nnw Toro, YTO H~XOAMTCR ((now), ccsa>), ((nepew) C O ~ H ~ H H ~ M . Herzo~opare npoc~o o-rpnqm ee cymecTsoaame. TO KacaeTcfi TepMma ((~OR~TCTBO)), TO OHO T ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ [ E ; I O H H O orpaHwvKsae-rca ~anpkiamrroii c@epok.

- * I Iepeso~sm c arim. O a m ~ a Ypy~oea. Penax~opb~ nepesona -a-p ~ K O H . Hayr, npo4. B.T. Pma~oa; a-p aKoH.

Hap, npoa. JI.JJ. UIHPOKOP~A.

XOPBAT ~ I W O P - lKpO@eccOp ( E ~ A ~ ~ ~ u I T ) . B 1975 r. OKOHVHJI YHHB~PCHWT 3KOHOMH'leCKHX HaYK HMeHH Kapna Map~ca. C@pa

Haytmx HHTepecoB: P ~ I H K H Qax~opoa npoeaaoncma; pacnpeneneme noxoaa. 6orarclaa H ~ K O H O M H ~ ~ C K B I I

CnpaSe~HBOcTb B COBpeMeHHbIX pblH04HbIX 3KOHOMHKaX; IlePCIIeKTUBbt ~ S I ~ T ~ P H ~ T H B H O ~ ~ K O H O M H ~ ~ C K O ~ ~ MbICIUI; non- rna~nstream economics; Mopamtiax ~ K O H O M H = I ~ C K ~ R HayKa; ~ K O H O M H ~ I ~ C K O ~ noBeneHHe T B O $ ~ ~ C K O R JIUSHOCIH;

n0CTMOAepH B ~ K O H O M H ~ ~ C K O ~ HayKe. h ~ o p 37 O I I ~ ~ J U ~ K O B ~ H H ~ ~ X HaYYHblX pa6or, B TOM SHCne M O R O ~ ~ C $ H H d1060~b K

cyuemoeaHHro)) (((Love of existence))). 2-e ~ 3 n . Budapest. AULA Publishing. 2002.

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3 ~ a ~ e m m 1 m a -a C ~ m a [35] ( (Eoramo Haponos)), crasxxan ((Eu6meltt)) 3KOHOMIFIeCKHX Hay& UCCJTeAyeT m6onee 3@@CXTEiBHb1e ~110~06b1 HtUCOIIJleHIfX MaTepHaJIbHOm ~ O ~ ~ T C T B ~ . nocne rrpononmaameiicx Mr-xorIie cronenu sepu B n o ~ y c ~ o p o ~ ~ e e npoxwnume, KoToporo MOMO ~ O C T N M ~ m c x y m e ~ ~ c ~ Ejory, B HOBOM q c r p n m ~ o ~ 06meme mom CTaJIH KIOCTeneKHO o6pama~bcx K UeHHOCTaM rrOrO MHpa, BbIpaXXHHbIM MaTepHaJlbHW ~ 3 0 6 ~ v n r e ~ . JIyxoa~bre ~onpocar mar 3a mamM y q a w s a m sHawmocra B mum. P ~ w o H ~ ~ ~ M , ~a%eHTki3~, aTemM, @OP~U~~M, KOHCYMePH3M, J"MJIHTapH3M, MaPKCE13M, MaPXHHaJM3M, r 1 0 3 ~ k i 3 ~ H T.A. - B m e m m x e ((N~Mw) nocnemm myx crone?^ - He qmaamcb B A y e @syche). B ~ a w e oTsepmemm, 3 a ~ e ~ ~ O B O o~~pbrrax H ~ Y K O ~ nyma rrpespaTwnacb B onacHoe Q p e h o ~ c ~ o e n o ~ c o 3 ~ a ~ e m ~ o e .

O ~ K O He MOXeT 6bnb HkiKaKElX C O M H ~ K S ~ B TOM, T O AYXOBHOe ~ O T ~ T C T B O H ~ O ~ X O L I H M O . W ecm MM qw,meMcx B HeM, TO cymemyxoT m orrpeneJreHme BW OCOGHX 6nar (msapo~) ,LWI YAOBJIeTBO~HHII HaLUHX AYXOBHbIX ~ I O T ~ ~ ~ H O C T ~ ~ ? M eCJIH CyJ.UeCTByeT 3KOHOMHKa nyxo~~arx Gnar, TO KaK M O ~ O Garno 6b1 oxapampmosan ee ~ ~ C ~ K L M H ? kJ HacKomKo CYLI;(eCTBeHHbIM HBSIIIeTCJI HaKOIUIeHHe A$'XOBHOI'O ~ O ~ B T C T B ~ B 06~qeCTBa.X n03AHer0 MOAepHa (late-modem societies)? Ecm em -0m-b B H O B ~ BospacTae-r, m o 3 ~ a r a e ~ n~ sn, HOB^ B ~ B

3KOHOMW3CCKEIM ~ a y ~ a ~ ? BOT rnaBHbIe BollpOCbI mmomqek m b H (cM.: Horvath [13; 14; 15; 16, ch. 5,6]).

Ayxoenare a MaTepEiUIbHbIe ~ I O T ~ ~ ? ~ H O C T H Ei 6~1ara

&ex o TOM, m Ma-repamHbre n o ~ p e 6 ~ o m 6onee + y m m e ~ ~ a r , YeM w o s w r e (no Eepmmny Epex~y, ~ ~ c m w a xenynoy ~ O T O M ~opaxb))), mrurms WIM n p o m ~ m ~ cospeMeHHomH. I ' ipaopm MaTepswHarx xcenamiii He e m ~ce06miii (cecreme~mdb) ~ ~ K O H

.~enose.iec~ok ucropm. Wccnegosm s ~ o ~ o ~ ~ m ~ - a m p o n o n o r o ~ n o m e p x m m ~ a ~ o i i B ~ A [25; 271. m e m cpemeBeKoBoro (xpacrua~c~oro, ~ y c y ~ l f r ~ m c ~ o m ) Mupa T p ~ C ~ e ~ e H T a ~ H O - ~ X O B W e I.@HHOCTH ~ ~ I J I H HaMHOrO BaXHee H IKpNOPHTeTHte, YeM MaTepHmHO-3KOHOMliYeCIure @a~.opbl [lo; 11. T ~ M He MeHee B IMpElMWe MUIMBazofii, nocrpoe~~oii Macnoy [26], MaTepmmmxe n o ~ p e 6 ~ o m ~ (@~ssonormecme, a Tame n o ~ p e 6 ~ o c ~ b B 6e30nac~ocm) R s n r n o T c X 6a30ltt, a WOBHbIe ( ~ H H ~ ~ X C . H O C T ~ - ~ O ~ O B ~ , oseam, ca~o-amyanmiupur) m m ~ o cne- 3a ~ E I . T ~ K O B ~ H a m xmepnpe-ram MaCCOBOrO MOpaJIbHOrO sar6opa JIIO,4e% C O B ~ ~ M ~ H H O ~ ~ 3nOXH.

Ecm, K ~ K BOPL LIT Macnoy, c y w e m ~ y ~ o ~ Ayxosme ~ O T ~ ~ ~ H O C T H , m M O ~ O m 0 6 ~ a p p ~ m , orrpenenessbIe BWI ~yxosnbnt. c(6nar)) (msapo~) IUIII W( ~ A O B I I ~ T B O ~ H W R ? kI TAC mxomcx mi ((6narzu): m m ~ o B m e renoBern? k l ~ e m m o m mxwe-JMfjo O ~ X K T H B H ~ I ~

c~o i ima? R nonaram, r ro 6nara (06%e~rb1 N ycnym) pemHoro MKpa B ~ O J I ~ ~ H H C T B ~ cBoeM m e m CMemmyw r r p q n y . l lpewe BCero OEM ToBapw, noc~ombq cnoc06m1 y ~ o a n e ~ ~ o p x n 9eaose.iecme nolpe6~omw - =K nyxossre, T ~ K a Maxpmmme. H ~ K O T O ~ M ~ ~3 r r ~ ~

OG'beBXOB XOPOUDi (KIM TUIOXII) IlPWCJle BCerO 6naro~apx CBoeMy MaTepIWIbHOlMy KaqecT8y - Hanpmep, m o r p a m caxapa. Apyrue Gnara, Tame KaK m3e-r~ xmi nos3m, - m e m o rn ~ y m . Korm M ~ I qyMaeM o npewm rcm o mBape, TO meeM B BW em MaTepmHylo nomy. Korna ToBapbI ~ H O B ~ S napam, O I M cnoc06m YAOBJIeTBOPXTb AYXOBHbIe n o r p e 6 ~ o m . wmcrare)) nonapm (~anpmep, 06pyranasoe ~omuo) , a TaKHKe ~~'Lkicme)) -par: (mrpmep, MH pemo Aapm ~oq-nw60 ~ap6ropa~op). &qeme 6e3 ~arurx-m oco6anr ~mepemdi - 6e3 O ~ a H X A OTBeTHOrO XeCra KTlH 'i)'BCTBa AYXOBHbIX HJIH MaTepHaJIbHbIX 0 6 m a ~ e n a ~ ~ ~ - 3TO <trHCTbrk>) nap. H a r r p o ~ ~ , OTAa'Ia C 0 6 ~ 3 a ~ e m m m B03BpaTOM eCTb IIepBbIji IIPW3HaK TOBaPXOrO

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o 6 ~ e s a (H UHOrXd I'l'pOAaBaeMbIM Z i IIOKynaeMbIM TOBapOM MOXeT CTarb C O ~ C T B ~ H H ~ R A ~ u I ~ ) . I ~ ~ Y T H K~X,DJ,I~ O ~ T X K T (W ycnyra) 06nanaer oco60fi cMecbIo xapaK-repsLraK T o a a p a w nonaprca.

CeMbU B T P Y m b I e BpeMeHa 06pyqanb~oe KOJIbuO MOXeT CTaTb TOBapOM. B 3TOM CMbICJIe MOXIfO r O B O p m b 0 I'tEfPaMme TOBapOB, J'AOBJIeTBOp~WKX p a 3 ~ W H b I e XeJlaHkvr - ((YUnbIe))

nonapmi (mpb~) H a BepruwHe w < < m c r b I e > > MaTepnanbHare B e r n B OcHoBaHKu.

COBpeMeHHb& U H J J ~ C I ~ Z ~ ~ J I ~ H ~ L % MEQ (U 3KOHOMFFXeCKZM leOpUJI (~o~UT~KOHOMSUZ) W K er0 BeJQ'qaJI O ~ ~ ~ C T B ~ H H ~ X Hay=) CKOH4eHTpUpOBalICX rJZiBHhIM 06pa30~ Ha M a ~ e p H a J X b H ~ f i

nonessoc-rn 6nar -- Ha T o s a p a x ( M ~ I s n e c b He paccMaTpwBaeM Tax m m a e M b r e 06ruerne~~b1e 6nara). l l o n o ~ n a ~ r x l cJrencTsneM m ycnern~bd II ~ @ @ ~ X T H B H M ~ ~ pocr M a T e p w a n b H o r o

~ O ~ ~ T C T B ~ . B O n w c a H u u C M ~ O M 6yna~0=1~0ii M ~ H J ' @ ~ K T Y ~ ~ I , B <<Kanmane>> M ~ P K ~ , B

HCCJ'IeAOBaHWIX TpyAOBbIX 0 r I ~ p a 4 i % , IIpeJVtpWHRTbIX T ~ ~ O P M H ~ U ~ P ~ T O M , UJIU B KapTaX

6e3pa3nmm HeoKnaccmcoB M ~ I yac-ro ac;rpe.raewcx c ~ ~ ~ O H H J = I M H IfBJIeHIiJIMw w noAapKaMw.

mop an am^ repoii unsycrpmnbaoii 3noxu - Homo Oeconomicus - M ~ H L I ~ ~ , HO p m m & U pC~HT€?nb~b1% p e a 0 p M a T O p COBpeMeHHOCTH, ~ T ~ ~ M s ~ c x H a r C . G m b MaTepHZiJIbHOe

~ O ~ ~ T C T B O =Or0 Mkipa. C ~ M O ~ ~ ~ J I H P Y E ~ L W M C R P b I I f O Y H ~ 3KOHOMNKa %Tb CneACTBHe

KoHxcypeHsm T a m moneii, K o r n a mwmii r rpecneAyeT *ewe B c e r o ceoii C O ~ C T B ~ H H M ~ ~

m-repec a 6 m a ~ c q y a A a s a e M M e a noJry.iaemxe n o n e 3 ~ o c ~ a , B Y ~ M K ~ K pa3 w cocrom r i y ~ e c H b I % CeKpeT aBTOHOMHOr0, <(eCreCTBeHHOrO>) @ ~ H X U H O H ~ O B ~ H H H PbIHOWOrO MeXaHU3Ma.

h T e p H a ~ U B I i b & cnoco6 U H ~ ~ U a r r W 3 ~ H M - M O A e P H U 3 a ~ U COBeTCKOrO TWna T a m e

6 a ~ u p o ~ a n c ~ H a p a x p f o ~ a ~ u 3 a 1 m a M H a x o m e H w a M a r e p s a n b H a r x 6nar, XOTX n o m e c a u B b I p a x e n m x e 06we kIHTepecM q a TOM r r p e m o w m c b YamHbIra.

qT0 I I ~ O H C X O ~ T C AYXOBHb[M ~ O T ~ T C T B O M ~ C T P H & I H O ~ O M q a ? ~ o j ~ o c n o JIM er0 KOJTEFIeCTBO B HdI@iOHaJIbHOM ~ a c m a 6 e IIapaTIneJIbHO C MaTeptraJIbHbIM POCTOM - WIM KOHeWbIM

pe3yJIbTaTOM CTWa nOTep5l CYaCXbH B pbIHOWfbIX AeMOKpaTWIX, KaK JTBePXAaeT B CBO& HOBO^ mnre P. Ash [24]? M o r y ~ na ~ o o 6 y e ~KOHOMHCT~I m e ~ b Beno c A ~ X O B H ~ I M K n q e 6 ~ 0 c r m ~ HJM 6na ra~u7 H a r r p ~ ~ e p , BIiJ'TpeiiHe-,IQ'XOBHbIe (~e~eHC3KIfble) CTHMJ'JIbX XOPOIIIO H3BeCTHbI

~ K O H O M ~ ~ C K O ~ ncuxonoruu 1231. Om H ~ ~ ~ I O T m m y ~ porn B Y n p a B n e w i e c m x H a y m i x (K

npmepy, B Moxeru rx m e p n ~ a ) H B cowworm T p y A a ( c m e ~ , B Z i c c n e A o m m m

yaOBJIeTBOpeHHOCTM OT P ~ ~ O T M ) , H oco6emo B TaK HlUbIBaeMOM <<o6rsecr~e 3~aHIW)[33]. K ~ o M ~ mro, T a m e qyxobm~e n s n e m , MK ~ p y x 6 a , A o s e p n e , d o ~ b n Isenporn, NHT~HCHBHO

UJy%UOTCX B MOAeJIIIX TeOPUH l q 17; 81. X0p0lJl0 XUBeCTHO, W O Y B U e H U e , Hall'puMep, M O m

COKpaTkITb TpaHGW4TOHHbIe HrneplKKH, O C O ~ ~ H H O B CJIOXHbIX AeJIOBbIx CAeJIKaX Ei B

nonrocpowo2i nepcnemme [3 1 1. B ~ K O H O M W ~ ~ C K O ~ ~ TeOpEiH C y 4 e C T B v IIOAXOAa K AyXOBHbIM XBJleHEUIM. n e p ~ l d kI

m6onee srwrrem~b~fi - ~ e o ~ a c c m e c m i i , Ha 6a3e xomporo C @ O P M H ~ O B ~ ~ C ~ K0Hueru.r.m ax Ha3bIBaeMOTO <(3KOHOMklYeCKOrO EIMIIePHillM3Ma)). CO~JI~CHO ~aIiIi0fi KOHI@IIrylH, M e w &'XOBHbIMU H MaTepHUIbHbIMH XBJIeHWlMU HtX ~ H H ~ I I H ~ L T I ~ H o ~ ~ pa3-1. fLrow RBJ'UiloTCX

PWHOHiLILbHbIMN kf 3I"OklCXWHO MaKCZIMU3Hpy3OT nOJIe3HOCTb H a O ~ O H X YPOBHIIX n q a M w

Macnoy. C n e ~ o s a ~ e n b ~ o , c T a r a a p T H b I e M e T o m rocno~mymryeii s ~ o ~ o ~ m e c ~ o f i l e o p s ~ - TeOpIur BMeHCHHbIX W3AePXeK, TeOPHH T P a H C a O H H M X H3AePXCeK U W m e P X e K ITOHCM, MOAeJIH

yrrpasnem PNCKOM H np. - B n o m e n p H M e m b x K EICC~CAOB~KWK) npo6ne~ H m o n n e m

qVXoBHoro 6oranrma. 3-0 n o 3 ~ o m e ~ ~ c n o n b 3 o ~ a n parao.rtrarii a ~ m 3 cnpoca-npemoxe~m B

T a m cQepax, MK 6 p a ~ ACTH, pemm, n p e c r y n ~ o c ~ b H T A. [CM. 2; 3; 29; 171. C TOW 3 ~ ~ H H I I

3TOg TeOpHM p0KOBa.X J I T O ~ O B ~ POM~O N W J X b e T T b I - H e m 0 COBepILTeHHO u p p a I p f o H a n a H o e , X m

Tarsax mo60sb cnoco6aa y M e H b m m ~ ~ H B ~ C T U U H O H ~ I ~ ~ PUCK R 6 p a ~ e B 6onameii crenem, r e M

JIYWLIR~ 6pamb1e K O ~ ~ K T ~ I . 53 He y-rsepmam, w o He-r H m e r o nonesaoro B noxo6no~ aaanw3e, OAHaKO A ~ ~ T B w ~ J I ~ H o nu MLI RBIUIeMCR KHJ@fBHJGlMW, lTPNHkIMaK)WMH TOJfbKO PaqHOHaJIbHbIe

PeIIIeHHX B 0 6 n a c ~ ~ ~ M O U H ~ ~ , B ~ P O B ~ H N % , AYXOBHhIX X e J I a ~ i d ?

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AJI~T~PH~THBH~IM 3KOHOMKLleCKOMY XIOAX0)JJ K AYXOBHOMY 6 o r a ~ m y RBNI€XCff TeOpWI

~ ' I o A ~ ~ o Y H o ~ ~ 3KOHOMUKH (cM., HlU"fp.: 127; 3 1; 11; 301). B ~KOHOMFN~CKO% TeOpHIl C B O ~ ~ C T B ~

o 6 ~ e a a napaMn accneqVloTcrr Tame no^ mzpMmaMn ((B~~EIMH~G H YHCT~IZ~ m w 1 1 3 ~ ) ) .

Teope-r~.recmi BbIAenrnoTCX B OCHOBHOM TpH 6asosare @0p~bI ~ K O H O M E W ~ C K O ~ KOOPAHHiI@iM:

uempwosamoe nepepacnpenenexue (ero xoporno n3secr~oii c o s p e ~ e ~ ~ o i i @op~ofi losmeTcR rocynapcTseHHoe nnamposame), ~ ~ I H O Y H I & O ~ M ~ H H B ~ ~ N M H O ~ (m O ~ M ~ H ~ a p a m )

(CM. [32]). C o ~ p e ~ e m d s ~ o ~ o ~ u r e c I u d i cnoco6 M m e H k u r @orcycnpye~crr npemse Bcero m IIepBbIX @ O ~ M ~ X - B llOlTyJTXpHbIX p e 6 ~ n ~ a x ~KOHOMEFI~CKO% TeOpHH CynieCTBOBaHHe

I IoA~~oYHo~ ~ K O H O M W I ~ pemo ynoMmamcn HJM soo6me ~e ynoMmamrr. Moa OCHOBHaR IWnOTe3a COCTOMT B TOM, T O JlJXOBHOe 6 o r a ~ m o MOXC1CeT C03AaBaTbCX H

-aTbCX TOJIbKO rryTeM IIOAapO.mhlx ~paXicaKI@, KOTOpMe 0 6 n a ~ w o ~ TpeMlr

KOMllOHeHTaMH: AapeHHe, IlJ?MHRIUe H B03BpaT. B rI'pOTHBOIIOnOXCHOCTb O ~ M Y H O M ~ 6 ~ 3 H e ~ -

noBeneHm K O H T ~ ~ ~ H , yramymme B npoqecce naxonnem m o m a o6wero nyxomoro ~ O ~ ~ T C T B ~ , He MOT HCIIOJI~~OB~TL. ppyr Apyra ~an0~06He Toro, K ~ K m r rpo~cxom c O ~ I P ~ I M H p a n r o s ~ b ~ ~ u a r e m a . 3~ecb ~ m o e snareme mem BHYTpeHHEie HeneHexme ~ o s ~ a r p a x a e ~ ~ u r (6nara): Harrpmep, B T a m c@epax, ax Kymypa, Hay= w, rrpeme Bcero, ce~ehim mw3Hb, T m 3KOHOMWeCKHM OTHOLIIeHUeM XBJLIIelTIJ B3aUMHOCTb BMeCTO aKTOB

~ynnu-np0m.m. IIpe~naras~ nompoK rr naplo ne m-~o Be-, HO mace H .rammy caMoro ce6a. M. Mocc 127, 121 nomepmm, m> ( t n p m b m - m 6 0 OT ~coro-m6o -- s o r r p m HeKoropyIo

racn em n y x o ~ ~ o f i cynwocru, em nym). I l p ~ m ~ e nompm nopomeT HeKoToporo porn MOpmH% 0 6 ~ 3 a ~ e ~ l b m , KOTOPOe ~Al'IOJWXeT H ~ O ~ X O ~ O C T ~ BO3BpaTa. B 3TOM CMHCIIe,

ro~opm Mocc, He cyrsecn3ye-r 6ecnna~mnr noAapKoB. l l y ~ e ~ fiapemix cowamcrr nyxosme B3~uMOOTHOIII~~, B KOTOpbIX MOXeT H ~ ~ ~ O A ~ T ~ C I I J ' B ~ I I K Y S ~ B ~ K ) ~ C X Eirm ) 'M~H~IIIZ~IO@CII

qyroo6opo.r A ~ X O B H ~ I X 6nar. HHANBIW rum Hapoa K O T O P ~ I ~ ~ xe cnoco6e~ Aapmb, ~YXOBHO

6 e ~ e ~ . B XOM CMbIcne, ecnn m-TO xaxomcx B COCTORH~M nenpeccm, OH He tt6onem; ~ o m o CM3aTb, ZrrO UM ItOTePRHa 3HaWeJIbHm %CTb HaKOIIJleHHOrO UJIH YHaCJIeAOBmOrO HM

,4"XOBHOrO 6ora~crsa. B c y a e pamomxx ~pa~caxwdi w BcerAa cTapaeMca 6 a m ~ c ~ p o ~ a r a noneseocm

OTAaBaeMbIe H llOJTJWieMIJe, d b l 0 6 ~ e ~ ~ s a ~ a c a 3KBUBlUIeHTaMH. B ~ Z I U M H J ~ O ~ M ~ H AaPaMH

OTHOCHTCX K OTJIOXCeHHMM T P a H C m , KOTOPbIe CO BpeMeHeM M O T AOCTIiYb HJfEl He A O M Gananca. B sKonoMnxce mpa nm AeHer, xmrr kmorAa aemm A m a B rareme noaapm, no MU

Hmorna ~e maTm 3a nonapemme HaM 6ma b c m e Ma~epnanaHrme 6nara Hna ToBapu o6~em-rr TOJI~KO Ha parme, B m Bpem KaK qYxoBHble Gnara 0 6 p a ~ m r r m m ~ o B

~ K O H O M M K ~ Aapa. Tpa~cammi c M e n r m 6nar npowcxom B o6em caepax: Tame 6nara ~ o r y ~ xapa~rep~30sa~bcrr KaK msapM B o w f i ~ p a ~ c a w x n H xaxc nonapm B ~pyroii. B oTHoureHwrx B ~ ~ H M H O ~ mMeperme I$eHofi olpmamcrr H Tame Kaqec-rBemIe HepbmomIe c m m , K ~ K

Icpacmax o 6 e p ~ ~ a wna spem, oTsocma K A~XOBHO# C ~ T W . nap - m He m m ~ o uro-TO nOJIe3H%, OH AOJDKeH COAepmTb HeKOe AyxOBKOe coo6meme. ~ O A ~ ~ O K - 3TO HepMHOYHOe

IIBJIeIUfe, HO H He BHe3KOHOMWeCKOe. Ka~eropmi BbIX@bI, H3AVXCeK U PHCKOB M O T

kurrepnpempoBanca ax B MaTepRambHoM ( x e ~ e m o ~ ) , T= H B ~ X O B H O M CMwcne. Hanpx~ep, ~ o r m MIJ noKynaeM p 0 3 ~ ~a ~ ~ Y H O M panme, ux uena mmmx T ~ K H a 3 m a e w

<<HeBO3BpaTKaIMH WAePXKaMW)) AJIR HaC - ~ ~ ~ O T H O C ~ J I ~ H O K TOMY, ~ Y A Y T JM P03bI r I ' p m B

KaYeCTBe UOAapKA WDi HeT. H e c ~ q x Ha TO, -0 T P m O H H U I 3KOHOMFWeCKiLII TeOPHII

nomepmam 6e3~03spa~~bre noTeptr OT pomecrBeHcKwx nonapKoB ( ~ O C K O J I E , ~ MM n o q a e M B

OCHOBHOM CoBepmemo H e T a m e nompm, ~ q u e 6b1 ( ~ O I T I ' N M ~ ~ H O xcrrem) [37]), BMecre c TeM H~O~XOA~MO OTMmb KX BWIW B AYXOBHOe ~ O ~ ~ T C T B O HapOAa.

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B r r p e m o x c e H w n n o n a p K o B p y K o B o n c T s y w r c x c K o p e e c m n a ~ u e f i , VeM C O ~ C T B ~ H H ~ I M H

UHTepKaMU, Ei CKOpee COTPYAHIDICCTBOM, YeM K O H ~ ~ W H ~ % - XOlX KOHKYPemWR T o m e

s ~ a ~ o ~ a s x o H o M n x e A a p a . B noxapomoii ~ K O H O M H K ~ n e p e A a e T c a He T O ~ K O s b m y c ~ . Hanpw~ep, B TBOPZIeCKIiX ITPO@~CCHHX XTepeAaYa H a m X BHJ'TpeHHEiX ~ e H H 0 ~ ~ e f i lTOCpeAcTBOM HaIDefi

c a r ~ ~ o p e a ~ ~ m a u , m R B ~ ~ T C R ouem B ~ X H ~ X M s n e M e m o M y n o s n e T B o p e H w a pa6moit. 3ro nuwe cnoco6 HaXOrIJIeHWl AyxOBHOrO 60 ra~ma . MoXHO I'OBOPHTb H e TOnbKO 0 ~pyro06opo~e M ~ X O B H ~ I X 6nar (sepes r rpo~ommemm~e BsawMHaIe ~ p a ~ c a w w ) , HO H 06 OcmaeMbxx xviw~ax nonapov~oii ~ K O H O M U K M KTIW o A~XOBHOM H a c n e A n B e m m m a w m H a p o m . 5f 3 ~ e c b H e r o B o p m

06 O ~ U ~ C T B ~ H I ~ ~ I X 6narax WIH MeX,Q'HapOAHbIX IpaHTaX ([cM. 41) U 0 rOCyAapCTBeHHOM

p e r y n q o a m a noaapoq~oii ~KOHOMHKH. M e x a m n ~ b x 0 6 e c n e ~ e ~ m onpenenemoro ypo~m MaTepEiaJIbHOrO AOCTaTKa B COqWaJIbHbIX PbIHOZiHbIX 3KOHOMUKaX OqeHb ~@@KTNBH~I , HO CaMH

no ce6e OHU HeAomaToqHbI: mni yBei iKqeHuII A y x o a H o r o 6ora~crsa n a m H ( ~ a p o ~ a ) . MOCC noJ Ia raeT , W K p e m , 6ap~ep U 3aTeM pbIH0Ynark O ~ M ~ H pa3BKJMCb U3 &nee

T P ~ L J , U O H H b l X B ~ ~ I ~ M O O T H O L U ~ H U ~ . B 2 I P X W b I X 0 6 w e ~ ~ a x 3KOHOMHKa naps TOXe HrpaJ Ia

penrmxqw porn B r a p a m q o B a H m y c n o ~ d m3m A H ~ J I o ~ ~ Y H O B cpemese~o~ofi @OAM~HO% CHCTeMe TpaHCaKUJIU 6 . l ~ ~ B OCHOBHOM PeI'J'JLk[POBaJIUCb ~ A l T O l I O X H T e J I b H b I M H

HaMepeHwRMEi Ijora. n o c p e n m x c a ~ u B TOM ~ ~ c - r y n m uepKBIi a KoponH. B m q y c T p w a n b q m

3noxy @ Y H K ~ H 3KOHOMHKU A a p a ocna6eaam. M~orse , WaBHbIM 06pa30~ TeOpeTHru!

nocTMoaepHa , c m a m ~ , ZITO Ha c M e q 3@@rrry MaTepusenbHoro us&anm, x a p a m p H o r o aru~ snoxu ~ n a y c r p ~ m s n i a , B H O B ~ M o x e T npnjiT11: ycmenIie s n m m ~ K O H O M ~ napa. Ecnu no 3IIOxM MOAepHa AapeHUe (U ~ T ~ M H X T E ~ ~ - B O ~ B ~ ~ T ) 6b1no B OCHOBHOM O ~ I I ~ ~ T ~ J I ~ H ~ I M H

peryJIUpOBaJIOCb MOpaJIbHMMH HOpMaMH U -H 3aKpbITbIX coo61uem, TO B HXU)' 3nOXy

BCe 6onee B03MOXCHbIMR ~ Y A Y T CTaHOBUTbCX WcTbXe ITOAapIW.

J@e MMCCMW ~ICOHOMHY~CICWX H a y K B snoxy n o 3 n u e r o M o n e p u a

M3MeHXiTCII N CHOB8 T e a e H q W l BO B ~ ~ ~ w M o & ~ T B w w PbIHOZIHbIX H HePbIHOZIHbIX CKTI?

Momm 6mb, o,moii m 9 e p ~ ~arueii 3nom n o 3 ~ ~ e r o M o n e p H a mmmx TO, w o nyxosme M O T K B ~ ~ ~ I ~ ~ E ~ w m e n a m B c e 6onee H 6onee s n k u m r r H a 06wmym ~ K O H O M ~ ~ C K ~ ~ A e x r e m H o m .

B 3 a X l m I X o61qecr~ax B IIepUOA AOJTrOBPeMeHHOrO M a T e p H W H O r O POCTa, C q a C r b e U

rrpowe-rame ~ o r y ~ p a m 6b1-e, s e M H a K o n n e H a e nyxoawx 6nar [24]. K ~ K ro~opm h r n x a p ~ [18, 41 : < < m o p u ~ e c m ~ ~ C I I ~ ~ U ~ A ~ H T H ~ R : m n e m ~ K O H O M ~ ~ C K O ~ 6e30nac~ocr~, XapaICRpK30BaBuraR m 3 H b ITOCneBOeHHbIX I I o K o J I ~ H w ~ ~ , B 6 0 n b m m e ~ O M b I I L U I e ~ c f p a H

BeBa K nocTeneHHoMy cmny OT " ~ a - r e p ~ a n ~ l m . ~ e c ~ u x " uemoc~eii (mea B BW, ~ O M U M O

B c e r o nposero, ~ K O H O M E ~ ~ C K ~ I ~ H @ ~ s m e c ~ y ~ , 6e30nac~ocrb) K n p a o p m e r a M "nocrr~oaep~a" (C O C O ~ M M W e H T O M H a B03MOXHOCTW C a M O B b l p ~ e H l W ki H a KaqeCTBO XH~HH))) . KOH~YHO, H3h4epeHlfe WDi ~ 0 f i e s ~ p o ~ a H H e H ~ M ~ H ~ H H ~ AYXOBHOrO ~ O T ~ T C T B ~ NtfqZiBaa (MB H ~ P O ~ ) - 3TO

T P Y A H ~ I ~ ~ ~ e o p f Z W f e C ~ k i % H ~ M ~ F ~ ~ c K W ~ BOnPOC ([cM. 6; 211). B 3KOHOMBKe A a p a HeT UeHOBMX

CUI?laROB, J ' H ~ H O r O PaBHOBeCKR WIH ~ ~ ~ ~ T O - O I T ~ X M ~ J I L H O C T H . M OTHOUIeHNII M e w

MaTepUaJIbHbIMH H qYXOBHbIMW M O T N B a m M N TaKme 3HaWiTenbHO yCJIOXHeHbX (~006me, OHH

M O T KaK 3aMeLqaTb, TaK H AOnOJIHXTb Apyr npyra). r ~ n ~ r r e 3 a n 3 f i H a , HalTpHMep, COCTOHT B TOM, wo csepx ypo~m M a T e p w a n a H o r o k1306mm n p e A e n a m none3~oc~b nerier m M a T e p n m m x

6nar y M e m r r r a e T c x , B TO xce B ~ M X r r p e a e n b H m n o n e 3 ~ o c ~ b ~ X O B H ~ I X 6nar sm p e c y p c o B (MK, K

rrpmepy, maapmecrcm O T H O ~ ~ H E L R ) ~ospac rae~ ax c n e a c m k i e HX pacry~yeii p e m m . BOJMOHMO, BeK cTa?IeT A ~ ~ c T B U T ~ J I ~ H O ~IIoxo% CaMOpeaJIki3ar[wH, K O r m 6oranrr~o H p a s m e m I x u ~ X O B H ~ I X ueri~oc-reii B p a c q m m x c I i c$epax s ~ o ~ o ~ m e c ~ o f i ~ H H 6yam CT~HOBHT~CR B c e 6onee H 6onee B ~ H ~ I M . T0rna H a c r y n m BpeMa, o KOTOPOM B c e r n a M e m m

J U W H BO BHOBb 0~KpbITOfi 3KOHOMRKe A a p a 3nOxEI IIO3AI*erO MOAepHa M U CMOXeM yYliTbCII Hpyr

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y npyra BHOBb kI BHOBb m T b H llpNHHMaTb q Y X O B M e Gnara, JBaHcarr U y I c p ~ ~ ~ ~ 0 6 0 . 4 ~ JIEPIHOCTU. 3-0 He B c e r g a n e r x o , HO 6 e ~ e ~ TOT, KTO He p e e T A a s a n .

~ O H ~ K ~aa6onee s@@emrn~oro cnoco6a A o c m e H E u r M a T e p s m b H o r o k 1 3 0 6 ~ m 6 m OCHOBHO~~ Q ~ O ~ J I ~ M O % ~KOHOMKL~~CKO# HaYKU OT &aMa C M ~ A 0 B ~ w r r e J X h ~ o % -KO%

u rxoa~ . lips ~ a m r m 3 ~ e nyx npmexamm nomepx~i~ancs npo~ec-ramc~o2i JTHKO% 1381, rrpw cowamme - ~ o ~ ~ y ~ ~ c r ~ l ' i e c x o i i M O ~ ~ H ) , ~ ~ J I W T H O ~ H H ~ HCTOIUI KOTOPO~~ MOMO HaiiT.EI B

IIpaBOCnaBHOM XpHCTHaHCTBe. ~ O ~ ~ ~ I C T B O 3KOHOMNCTOB IIOJIWllJU, IIpeAMe?. UX

(Hameft) Haym C B O ~ O ~ ~ H OT ~ l e ~ n o c r e j i , m 3 ~ a HayIca R~JIII~TCX I I O ~ ~ U B H O ~ ~ H O~'~~KTHBHO%.

P ~ C I I P O C X P ~ H ~ H H ~ Mnmo3ruI, YTO 3KOHOMKLleCm H a y M B MeToAOJfOIliWCKOM I InaHe

n p m ~ ~ ~ a r r a ~ o H e m m e ~ c x OT HayK eCTecrBeHxbIx, 6a3~pyercs m n p e p [ n o n o x e H m , YTO

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s K o x o M m e c m e r rpoqeccbr a r r o x A e a s e . 3ra mnme3a yxe T e c r n p o s a n a c b M n o r n M a V e m a - OT BeGepa a Taym no Cena u M a ~ K n o c i c u [34; 281. Pami"rme m o n b x , sbxxomm.we 3a pah4lur

mainstream'a mui O T J I H W O ~ ~ C H c~oefi H e o p r o a o x c a n a x i o c T a m (110~06~0 HOB-

K H C T ~ ~ O H ~ T I K C T ~ M - CM., Hanp. : [22]), a T a m e TeopeTEnur neno~oii mum nowanlaro~, w o He06~0pamr0 B o c c r i i r i o s n e m e e ~ H c T B a 3KOHOMHKH H 3TIIKH, C TeM ~ 0 6 ~ 0 6 e ~ n e Y H T b 60~111~it ~ n o p a n w s ~ qe~~ocmoi i OCHOB~I ~ K O H O M ~ ~ C K H X ~ c c n e ~ o ~ a d a MonennposaHEvr .

Ifywae n p e ~ m m m ~ K O H O M ~ ~ C K O ~ ~ Haymi , Ha- m A m ~ a C ~ m a ( O C O ~ ~ H H O

m p e c H a B ~ T U M OTHOILIeHNH ero n e p B m B e m a a x pa6o~a ((Teopm H p a m s e K H a r x YY~CTB))), s m v m Map~ca w Mapnranna, BKIJIOTS AO c0BpeMemm.x ~ a ~ c ~ ~ ~ e n e i , ecerna nonammi, r l ~ ~ OHH

He rrpocTo c ( ~ e i i r p a n b w e > > Verne, HO npu3~am1 B~DIIOJUZXTL MOP~TI~HYIO M W C C ~ : n o M o r a T b

JIK),@iM ~ 3 6 e r a T b W e T b I , 6mb OTBeTCTBeHHbIMH 38 IIOHCK ~aK6011ee ~@@ICTHBH~IX CIIOCO~OB

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OTHOCHTeJlbHO M U ~ H ~ G XaPalCI'eP K O M M e P m (CM. [12]), OHH HHKOrAa He CXUTaJM, W'O

MaTepHiWIbHOe 060rame~ae nOJDiW0 6 m ~ O ~ e ~ b l O (CM. [19]). H m , MaTepHaJIbHOe

~ 3 O 6 K r n r e ~ C T a B J r r r e T ~060% TOJlbKO H ~ O ~ X O ~ OCHOBy wM ~ e ~ O C b u u c y pUuI jQXOBHO

60ra~oii venoaevec~o# ~ H N .

O r p m e ~ ~ o e spew m r m u u m y m H o r o cyrsecrmsam ecTa ero Q,y~ismema.mxio p e m PeCflC. CO~JI~CHO Map~cy, BCX 3XOHOMWl - 3TO B OCHOBHOM 3KOHOMHII BpeMeHH,

PeAKOCTb TOBaPOB H lfHBeCTwEdi - JUilUb CJIeACTBMe PeAKOCTH BPeMCHIi namek KII3fIW. &fX

n o m o u e ~ ~ o k XH3HH ~pe6ye~ca HaKOlTJXeWie lrcaK ,Q'XOBHOrO, TaK a MaTepli%IbHOrO 6 0 r a ~ C T B a .

C n e ~ o s a ~ e m ~ o , Y T U ~ ~ I o ~ p a x a ~ b H ~ M ~ H ~ H H R , xapaxcTepHare snom nomero MonepHa ,

~ K O K O M W I ~ C K H ~ xaym no- m a neno H e TOJBKO c p b l r r o w ~ ~ w TP~HC~KZIWIIMH, HO H 6onee HHTeHCUBHO HCCJIeAOBaTb CBO#CTB~ IIOAapOZMhIX OTHOLU~HH%. B C O O T B ~ H M C B E J C K ~ ~ ~ H H O ~ ~

l'MlIo~e30fi, AJIX -Or0 U3 WIiX ABYX nOAxOAOB ~ a ~ 6 o n e e ~ @ @ ~ K T I ~ ~ H ~ I M H MOIYT 6- pa3~b1e ~mm: xoporrro mBecTHbI H e o m a c c m e c K n e n M a p x u m m i c r c m e m c T p y M e m P ~ O Y H O ~ O

SLHaJIWa, HO WX lTpHMeEIEIMOCTb fC ~ T O A ~ P O Y H O ~ 3KOHOMHKe W HaKONIeHkLK) WXOBHOrO 6 0 r a ~ c ~ ~ a orpamexi. hcrmyrtwo~anamre p a M m (B swe ce~eii, o c ~ o s ~ ~a BWHOM y B a x e m ,

V A C T m e H H a r x H e r r p H 6 ~ H M M X OPIXHH3aUHIIMH7 @OWU, E X C T ~ N TaK Ha3bIBi Ie~0f i

((T'pe~befi C @ e p b ~ > [20]) AeIITWIbHOCTU, O C H O B ~ H H O ~ ~ H a BWMHOCTH, T m O T J M r i m I I OT A e m e r n H o c r n o p H e n n i p o s a H H b m na nonyveme npHGm a e n o B b I x opramsa&i.

He qwarr B~XHOCTH mainstream'a, MH nwura n p e r p r o n a r a e M , rro o nonon~mem,~oii c&X, O X B ~ T L ~ I B ~ ~ M O ~ ~ 3KOHOMUV~CKWM C ~ O C O ~ O M MbIIUAeHWII, M O H O r O B O P m TOJIbKO B TOM

cnylrae, K o r m ~ K O H O M ~ ~ C K ~ L I I H a p H a w m a e T B ~ O - HOB^ MRCCHM: ~ O H C K ( n a p ~ c ~ p y m a H~YMMH) CIIOCOGOB ~136em~b A ~ X O B H O ~ ~ HNZqem. 3rOT BWOB MOMO

HliTepRpeTKpOBaTb KaK OAHy a3 O C O ~ ~ H H O C E ~ ~ ((l'IOCTMOAepHE13aV> 3KOHOMHrIeCKHX HayK.

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K ~ K MLI yxe B m e n n , n e p e A o s a r e P m o ' I H b I e ~KOHOMRKM mom nepen HOB~IMH B ~ I ~ O B ~ M H

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