Become an TChinese

7/31/2019 Become an TChinese

1/76

BECOME AN XCODER

1
mailto:[email protected]


2/76


3/76

__________________________________________________ 4 0 ______________________________________ 5 1 _____________________________ 7 2 __________________________ 13 3 ______________________________________________ 14 4 _______________________________________20 5 _____________________________________ 25 6 __________________________________________ 33 7 while_______________________________ 36 8 GUI___________________ 39 9 _______________________________________ 55 10 _____________________________________awakeFromNib 59 11 ______________________________________________ 61 12 ______________________________________________ 63 13 ______________________________________________ 69 14 _________________________________________73 15 __________________________________________ 75

BECOME AN XCODER

3


4/76

Apple Cocoa

Xcode Mac OS X Apple

Mac

Objective-C Xcode

(GUI)

[4]

[4.3] [4]

volume = baseArea * height; // [4.3]

Xcode

BECOME AN XCODER

4


5/76

0

Mac Macintosh

1. Mac Mac Mac

Mac Objective-C AppleScript

AppleScript

AppleScript for Absolute Starters

http://www.macscripter.net/books

2. Macintosh PC

Mac T Mac

Mac Mac

distributed computing, DC

Folding@home SETI@home

DC DC

Mac DC

Mac

DC Mac

Mac

Mac DC

DC

http://distributedcomputing.info/projects.html

3. Macintosh

4. Macintosh

BECOME AN XCODER 0

5


6/76


7/76

1

Xcode

Objective-C

2 + 6 =

= 3 * 4 *

x y

2 + 6 = x

y = 3 * 4

Objective-C

Objective-C statement

[1]

x = 4;

x 4

... [1]

compilerMac 0 1

Mac

BECOME AN XCODER 1

7


8/76

b u g

debugging

x

pictureWidth [2]

[2]

pictureWidth = 8;

pictureWidth pictureWIDTH PictureWidth

[2]

Objective-C Objective-C

pictureWidth

"_"

door8kdo8or do_or

door 88door

Door8

[3]

[3]

pictureWidth=8;

pictureHeight=6;

pictureSurfaceArea=pictureWidth*pictureHeight;

BECOME AN XCODER 1

8


9/76

[4]

pictureWidth = 8;

pictureHeight = 6;

pictureSurfaceArea = pictureWidth * pictureHeight;

[5]

[5]

pictureWidth = 8;

pictureHeight = 4.5;


integers [5.1] [5.2]

f loating-

point

[5]

""

[6]

int pictureWidth;

float pictureHeight, pictureSurfaceArea;

pictureWidth = 8;



[6.1] int pictureWidth integer

[6.2]

float

pictureWidth int

float pictureSur-

faceArea [6.2]

int float

int float long long double

BECOME AN XCODER 1

9


10/76

[7]

unsigned int chocolateBarsInStock;

unsigned intunsigned int

[8]

[8]

int x = 10;

float y= 3.5, z = 42;

operators

+

-

/

*

Objective-C

x = x + 1; [9] [10]

[9]x++;

[10]

++x;

x ++

[11] [12]

[11]

x = 10;

BECOME AN XCODER 1

10


11/76

y = 2 * (x++);

[12]

x = 10;

y = 2 * (++x);

[11] y 20 x 11 [12.2]

x 2 1 x 11 y 22 [12]

[13]

[13]

x = 10;

x++;

y = 2 * x;

* / + - 2 * 3 + 4 10

2 * (3 + 4) 14

[14, 15]

[14]

int x = 5, y = 12, ratio;

ratio = y / x;

[15]

float x = 5, y = 12, ratio;

ratio = y / x;

[14] 2 [15]

2.4

% % operand

%

[16]

int x = 13, y = 5, remainder;

remainder = x % y;

BECOME AN XCODER 1

11


12/76

remainder 3 x 2*y + 3

21 % 7 0

22 % 7 1

23 % 7 2

24 % 7 3

27 % 7 6

30 % 2 0

31 % 2 1

32 % 2 0

33 % 2 1

34 % 2 0

50 % 9 5

60 % 29 2

BECOME AN XCODER 1

12


13/76

2

[1]

[1]

float pictureWidth, pictureHeight, pictureSurfaceArea;

pictureWidth = 8.0;



//

Xcode /* */

/*

*/

Xcode

outcomment /* */

BECOME AN XCODER 2

13


14/76

3

Objective-C

function

main() main()

main()[1]

[1]

main()

{

// main() }

[1.1] "main""main"

main()

[1.2,1.5]

[2]

[2]

main()

{

// float pictureWidth, pictureHeight, pictureSurfaceArea;

//

BECOME AN XCODER 3

14


15/76

pictureWidth = 8.0; pictureHeight = 4.5;

// pictureSurfaceArea = pictureWidth * pictureHeight;}

main()

main()

circleArea() [3]

[3]

main()

{

float pictureWidth, pictureHeight, pictureSurfaceArea; pictureWidth = 8.0; pictureHeight = 4.5; pictureSurfaceArea = pictureWidth * pictureHeight;}

circleArea() // [3.9]

{

}

[3.9]

main()

circleArea()main() [4]

[4]

main()

{

float pictureWidth, pictureHeight, pictureSurfaceArea, circleRadius, circleSurfaceArea; // [4.4] pictureWidth = 8.0; pictureHeight = 4.5; circleRadius = 5.0; // [4.7] pictureSurfaceArea = pictureWidth * pictureHeight;

BECOME AN XCODER 3

15


16/76

// circleSurfaceArea = circleArea(circleRadius); // [4.11]}

[3]

float [4.4]initialize circleRadius

[4.7] [4.11] circleArea()

circleRadius circleArea()argument

circleRadius circleArea() circleArea()

return [3] circleArea()

[5]

circleArea()

[5]

circleArea(float theRadius) // [5.1]

{

float theArea; // pi r theArea = 3.1416 * theRadius * theRadius; //[5.5] return theArea;}

[5.1] circleArea()

theRadius theArea [5.5]

[5.3] main [4.4]

theRadius [5.1] [5.6]

[4.11]circleSurfaceArea

[5]

float [6.1]

[6]

float circleArea(float theRadius)

{

float theArea; theArea = 3.1416 * theRadius * theRadius; return theArea;}

BECOME AN XCODER 3

16


17/76

[6.1]theArea

float main()circleSurfaceArea

[4.11]

[7]

int throwDice()

{

int noOfEyes;

// 1 6

return noOfEyes;}

void

return return

[8]

void beepXTimes(int x);{

// x return;}

pictureSurfaceArea()

[9]

float pictureSurfaceArea(float theWidth, float theHeight)

{

// }

main() return

0[10.10] main()

main() "int" [10.1]

[10]

BECOME AN XCODER 3

17


18/76

int main()

{

float pictureWidth, pictureHeight, pictureSurfaceArea, circleRadius, circleSurfaceArea; pictureWidth = 8; pictureHeight = 4.5; circleRadius = 5.0; pictureSurfaceArea = pictureWidth * pictureHeight; circleSurfaceArea = circleArea(circleRadius); return0; // [10.10]}

float circleArea(float theRadius) // [10.13]

{


[10] [10.1] main() [10.13]

[10.9] circleArea() main()

warning int main() function

declaration [11.1] [10.13]

[11]

float circleArea(float theRadius); //

int main()

{

[10]

rectangleArea() [12] main()

BECOME AN XCODER 3

18


19/76

main()

[12]

float rectangleArea(float length, float width)

{

return (length * width);}

[12.3]

[10.15] theArea

[12]

rectangleArea

float

float [12.1]

Objective-C

Xcode

[11]

BECOME AN XCODER 3

19


20/76

4

Cocoa

NSLog()

""

NSLog()

Cocoa

NSLog()

[1]

int main()

{

NSLog(@"Julia is a pretty actress."); return0;}

[1] "Julia is a pretty actress."@" "

string

NSLog()

[1]

2005-12-22 17:39:23.084 test[399] Julia is a pretty actress.

character

main()

[2]

NSLog(@"");

NSLog(@" ");

[2.1] empty string

[2.2] space

1

BECOME AN XCODER 4

20


21/76

[3.1] \n

[3]

NSLog(@"Julia is a pretty \nactress.");

Julia is a pretty

actress.

[3.1] escape NSLog()

"n" ""

NSLog()

[4]

NSLog(@"Julia is a pretty actress.\\n");

[4.1]Julia is a pretty actress.\n

[5]

int x, integerToDisplay;

x = 1;

integerToDisplay = 5 + x;

NSLog(@"The value of the integer is %d.", integerToDisplay);

%d % d deci-

mal number %d

integerToDisplay [5]

The value of the integer is 6.

%f%d

[6]

BECOME AN XCODER 4

21


22/76

float x, floatToDisplay;

x = 12345.09876;

floatToDisplay = x/3.1416;

NSLog(@"The value of the float is %f.", floatToDisplay);

.2% f

[7]

float x, floatToDisplay;

x = 12345.09876;

floatToDisplay = x/3.1416;

NSLog(@"The value of the float is %.2f.", floatToDisplay);

% f % d

[8]

int x = 123456;

NSLog(@"%2d", x);

NSLog(@"%4d", x);NSLog(@"%6d", x);

NSLog(@"%8d", x);

[8]

123456

123456

123456

123456

[8.1, 8.2]

[8.4]

[9]

float x = 1234.5678

NSLog(@"Reserve a space of 10, and show 2 significant digits.");NSLog(@"%10.2d", x);

BECOME AN XCODER 4

22


23/76

[10.3]

%d%fintfloat

[10]

int x = 8;

float pi = 3.1416;

NSLog(@"The integer value is %d, whereas the float value is %f.", x, pi);

[10b]

int x = 8;

float pi = 3.1416;

NSLog(@"The integer value is %f, whereas the float value is %f.", x, pi);

The integer value is 0.000000, whereas the float value is 0.000000.

NSLog()

importNSLog()

#import

[11]

#import

float circleArea(float theRadius);

float rectangleArea(float width, float height);

int main()

{

float pictureWidth, pictureHeight, pictureSurfaceArea, circleRadius, circleSurfaceArea; pictureWidth = 8.0; pictureHeight = 4.5; circleRadius = 5.0;

pictureSurfaceArea = rectangleArea(pictureWidth, pictureHeight); circleSurfaceArea = circleArea(circleRadius);

BECOME AN XCODER 4

23


24/76

NSLog(@"Area of circle: %10.2f.", circleSurfaceArea);

NSLog(@"Area of picture: %f. ", pictureSurfaceArea);

return0;

}

float circleArea(float theRadius) //

{

float theArea;

theArea = 3.1416 * theRadius * theRadius;

return theArea;

}

float rectangleArea(float width, float height) //

{

return width * height;

}

BECOME AN XCODER 4

24


25/76

5

Mac Mac

compiler Mac

Apple Xcode Mac OS X

X c o d e

http://developer.apple.com

Xcode DeveloperApplications

Preferences File New Pro-

ject

Xcode

Objective-C GUIGraphical User

InterfaceCommand Line UtilityFoundation Tool

BECOME AN XCODER 5

25


26/76

justatry

Finish

Terminal

"Groups & Files"

GUI GUI

Xcode"Groups"

Groups & FilesjustatrySource

justatry.m [1] main()

main()

justatry.mApple

main()

BECOME AN XCODER 5

26


27/76

Xcode main()

[1]#import

int main (int argc, const char * argv[]) // [1.3]

{

NSAutoreleasePool * pool = [[NSAutoreleasePool alloc] init]; // [1.5]

// insert code here... NSLog(@"Hello, World!"); [pool release]; //[1.9] return0;}

NSLog() import

main()

BECOME AN XCODER 5

27


28/76

NSlog

return 0;

main() [1.3]

NSAutoreleasePool [1.5]

pool release [1.9]

""

main()

[1]

[1.31.5 1.9] Objective-

C

main

"pool"

Apple [1]Build and Go

build compile

Build and Go

Run Log

exited stopped 0 main()

[7.9]

[1]

NSLog ""

BECOME AN XCODER 5

28


29/76

[2]

#import

int main (int argc, const char * argv[])

{

NSAutoreleasePool * pool = [[NSAutoreleasePool alloc] init];

// insert code here... NSLog(@"Julia is a pretty actress") // [pool release]; //[2.9] return0;}

Build [2.9]

Xcode

error: parse error before "release".

parse

import

[2.1]# [2.8]

[2.9]

Apple [1] [3]

[3]

#import

float circleArea(float theRadius); // [3.3]

BECOME AN XCODER 5

29


30/76

int main (int argc, const char * argv[]) // [3.5]

{

NSAutoreleasePool * pool = [[NSAutoreleasePool alloc] init]; int pictureWidth; float pictureHeight, pictureSurfaceArea, circleRadius, circleSurfaceArea; pictureWidth = 8; pictureHeight = 4.5; circleRadius = 5.0; pictureSurfaceArea = pictureWidth * pictureHeight; circleSurfaceArea = circleArea(circleRadius); NSLog(@"Area of picture: %f. Area of circle: %10.2f.", pictureSurfaceArea, circleSurfaceArea); [pool release]; return0;}

float circleArea(float theRadius) // [3.22]

{


float rectangleArea(float width, float height) // [3.29]

{

return width * height;}

main() cir-

cleArea() [3.22] rectangleArea() [3.29]

main() [3.5] main() Apple

Area of picture: 36.000000. Area of circle: 78.54.

justatry has exited with status 0.

BECOME AN XCODER 5

30


31/76

Xcode

Xcode ""breakpoint

Build and Gopopup menu

Build and Debug

BECOME AN XCODER 5

31


32/76

Xcode debugger

Continue debugger

Mac OS X

Objective-C

GUI

BECOME AN XCODER 5

32


33/76

6

[1.2]

[1]

int age = 42;

if (age > 30) // > ""

{

NSLog(@"age is older than thirty."); //[1.4]}

NSLog(@"Finished."); //[1.6]

[1.2] if...

true

age > 30 [1.4]

[1.6]if

if...else [2]

[2]

int age = 42;

if (age > 30)

{

NSLog(@"age is older than thirty."); //[2.4]}

else

{ NSLog(@"age is not older thirty."); //[2.7]}

NSLog(@"Finished."); //[1.6]

[2.7] [2]

[2.2]

==

>

BECOME AN XCODER 6

33


34/76

<

>=

= 18) && (age < 65) )

{

NSLog(@"Probably has to work for a living.");}

[5]

if (age >= 18){

BECOME AN XCODER 6

34


35/76

if (age < 65) { NSLog(@"Probably has to work for a living."); }}

BECOME AN XCODER 6

35


36/76

7

while

[1]

[1]

NSLog(@"Julia is a pretty actress.");



Objective-C

[2]

for

2.7

[2]

int x;

for (x = 1; x


37/76

{

celsius = (tempInFahrenheit - 32.0) * 5.0 / 9.0; NSLog(@"%10.2f -> %10.2f", tempInFahrenheit, celsius);}

0.00 -> -17.78 20.00 -> -6.67 40.00 -> 4.44 60.00 -> 15.56 80.00 -> 26.67 100.00 -> 37.78 120.00 -> 48.89 140.00 -> 60.00 160.00 -> 71.11 180.00 -> 82.22 200.00 -> 93.33Objective-C

while () { }

do {} while ()

for-loop

false loop

[4]

int counter = 1;

while (counter


38/76

int counter = 1;

do

{

NSLog(@"Julia is a pretty actress.\n"); counter = counter + 1;}

while (counter


39/76

8

GUI

Objective-C

GUIObjective-C C

C Objective-C C

"Objective"Objective-Cobject

Objective-C

Objective-C

Objective-C

Safari Objective-C

Mac Safari

message

BECOME AN XCODER 8 (GUI)

39


40/76

close

Safari

SafariApple

a.

b. template Safari

bclass

behave

instance 76


40


41/76

Mac minimize

Dock

access

close ""

closemethods

RAM

buttontext field

close


41


42/76

Mac

message sending expression

Objective-C[1.1] [1.2]

[1]

[receiver message];

[receiver message:argument];

[1.2]

Xcode Application

Cocoa Application GUI

Xcode Groups & Files Resources

MainMenu.nibDouble-click


42


43/76

XcodeMainMenu.nib

Interface Builder File

Hide Others "Window"

"Window"

"Cocoa-" GUI

"

"

palettes window

GUI "Window"

"System Font Text" GUI

GUI


43


44/76

NSButton

NSTextView Apple

"Window"

p r o p e r t i e s c o m m a n d - s h i f t -

i "Window" In-

stances command-shift-i

pop-up menuAttributesTextured Window

brushed-steel look

Interface Builderinspector

behavior

inherit Objective-C C


44


45/76

NSWindow

"close"

""superclass

hierarchy of inheritance

Objective-C sig-

nalerror

implement

override

Apple

Apple

Apple close

invokeclose

closerecursive

[2]

//

[super close]; // close

"NSObject"

NSObject subclassNSWindow NSResponder

NSObject NSObject

MainMenu.nibClasses NSObject

Classes Subclass NSObjectMainMenu.nib

"MAFoo"


45


46/76

MAFoo

MAFoo My Application

NSNS Apple NextStep

Apple Next, Inc. NextStep Mac OS X Steve

Jobs

CocoaDev wiki

http://www.cocoadev.com/index.pl?ChooseYourOwnPrefix

Cocoa NSWindow

NSColor MAFoo

Interface Builder ClassesInstantiate MAFoo In-

stances MAFoo

MAFoo


46


47/76

MAFoo

MAFoo

reference

MAFoo MAFoo

MAFoo

MAFoo

MAFoo MAFoo MAFoo

MAFoo MAFoo trig-

ger FAFoo

outlet

MainFile.nibClassesMAFoo

command-shift-i inspector inspector

ActionAddaction MAFoo "setTo5:"

5 Interface Builder

"reset:" 0

":"


47


48/76

MAFoo

inspectorOutlet outlet "text-

Field"

outletMAFoo

MAFoo 5 "Set to 5"

"Reset"


48


49/76

a) "Reset"MAFoo

b) "Set to 5"MAFoo

c) MAFoo

MainFile.nibInstances Control

ResetMaFoo

MAFoo

MAFoo

inspector MAFoo

"reset:"Connect


49


50/76

inspector

MAFoo reset:

Set to 5MAFoo

MAFoo MAFoo control

Connect

MainMenu.nib MAFoo Classes

MAFoo Classes

Create Files for MAFoo Interface Builder


50


51/76

MAFoo

Xcode Other

Sources

Classes

Xcode


51


52/76

4 [11.1]

MAFoo.hheader file

[3.5] NSObject

NSObject

[3]

/* MAFoo */

#import // [3.3]

@interface MAFoo : NSObject

{

IBOutlet id textField; // [3.7]}

- (IBAction)reset:(id)sender;

- (IBAction)setTo5:(id)sender;

@end

[3.7] outlet"id" "IB" Interface Buil-

der

IBAction [3.93.10] void

MAFoo

Interface Builder Actions

#import [3.3]

MAFoo.m

[4]

#import "MAFoo.h"

@implementation MAFoo

- (IBAction)reset:(id)sender // [4.5]

{

}


52


53/76

- (IBAction)setTo5:(id)sender

{

}

@end

MAFoo.h

reset:setTo5:

MAFoo

Interface Builder MAFoo

MAFoo [5.75.12]

[5]#import "MAFoo.h"


- (IBAction)reset:(id)sender

{

[textField setIntValue:0]; // [5.7]}

- (IBAction)setTo5:(id)sender

{

[textField setIntValue:5]; // [5.12]}

@end

textField outlet

Interface Builder outlet

setIntValue:setIntValue:

Xcode Build

and Go


53


54/76


54


55/76

9

Apple setIntValue:

Apple

bug-free

Interface Builder "NSButton"

''System Font Text" "NSTextField"

NSTextField

XcodeHelp->DocumentationCocoa

"NSTextField" API-Search

NSText-

Field

NSTextField Class NSTextField

BECOME AN XCODER 9

55


56/76

Xcode Cocoa

NSObject

Method Types

NSTextField

NSControl NSView

HTMLInherits from

NSControl NSControl

NSControl

Inherits from NSView : NSResponder : NSObject

Setting the controls value

setIntValue:

BECOME AN XCODER 9

56


57/76

setIntValue:

setIntValue:

- (void)setIntValue:(int)anInt

Sets the value of the receivers cell (or selected cell) to

the integer anInt. If the cell is being edited, it aborts all

editing before setting the value; if the cell doesnt inherit

from NSActionCell, it marks the cells interior as needing to

be redisplayed (NSActionCell performs its own updating of

cells).

NSTextField

signature

Objective-C

voidsetInt-

Value:textField MAFood

(int) anInt

5 0

textField

""Accessors

setIntValue:

[1]

- (int) intValue

textfield

[2]

resultReceived = [textField intValue];

Objective-C

BECOME AN XCODER 9

57


58/76

"

" polymorphismobject-oriented programming

run-time

GUI setIntValue:

BECOME AN XCODER 9

58


59/76

10

awakeFromNib

Apple

framework [12] Foundation Kit

Application Kit

GUI

nib nib Next Interface Buil-

der Application Kit

XcodeHelpDocumentation

Full-Text Search

Full-Text SearchAp-

plication Kit ReturnXcodeApplica-

tion Kit Reference for Objective-C

ProtocolsNSNibAwakening

NSNibAwaking

Declared in AppKit/NSNibLoading.hProgramming Topic Loading Resources

Contents:

Protocol DescriptionMethod Types

Instance Methods

Protocol Description

This informal protocol consists of a single method, awakeFrom-

Nib. Classes can implement this method to perform final ini-

tialization of state after objects have been loaded from an

Interface Builder archive.

BECOME AN XCODER 10 awakeFromNib

59


60/76

nib

MAFoo.m [1.15]

[1]

#import "MAFoo.h"


- (IBAction)reset:(id)sender

{

[textField setIntValue:0];

}

- (IBAction)setTo5:(id)sender{


}

- (void)awakeFromNib // [1.15]

{


}

@end

awakeFromNib

BECOME AN XCODER 10 awakeFromNib

60


61/76

11

C

- pointer

- Objective-C

Mac

[1]

int x = 4;

Mac

x

[1] int

x long long double

"x = 4" 4 x x address

x

x

pointer

& x

&x

expressionx evaluatex 4&xx

[2]

int *y;

y inty

xxy

BECOME AN XCODER 11

61


62/76

[3]

y = &x;

*y

4 "x"

*y = 5

"x = 5"

1

[4]

void increment(int *y)

{

*y = *y + 1;}

[5]

int x = 4;

increment(&x);

// x 5

BECOME AN XCODER 11

62


63/76

12

integerlongfloat

doubleBOOL pointer

string NSLog()

%

%d

[1]

float piValue = 3.1416;

NSLog(@"Here are three examples of strings printed to the screen.\n");

NSLog(@"Pi approximates %10.4f.\n", piValue);

NSLog(@"The number of eyes of a dice is %d.\n", 6);

NSString NSMutableString NSString

[2]

NSString *favoriteComputer;

favoriteComputer = @"Mac!";

NSLog(favoriteComputer);

[2.1]

11

[2]

[3]

int *y;

y [2.1]

favoriteComputer NSString

Objective-C

@ Objective-C C

C Objective-C

Objective-C@

BECOME AN XCODER 12

63


64/76

Objective-C C Objective-C Uni-

code ASCII Unicode

[4]

[4]

NSString *favoriteActress = @"Julia";

favoriteActress "Julia"

favoriteComputer

[5] NSString

[5]

#import

int main (int argc, const char *argv[])

{

NSAutoreleasePool * pool = [[NSAutoreleasePool alloc] init];

NSString *x; x = @"iBook"; // [5.7] x = @"MacBook Pro Intel"; //

NSLog(x); [pool release]; return 0;}

MacBook Pro Intel

NSStringimmutable

Objective-C

BECOME AN XCODER 12

64


65/76

NSMutableString

length [6]

[6]

#import


{

NSAutoreleasePool * pool = [[NSAutoreleasePool alloc] init]; int theLength;

NSString * foo;

foo = @"Julia!"; theLength = [foo length]; // [6.10] NSLog(@"The length is %d.", theLength);

[pool release]; return 0;}

The length is 6.

foobar

x

[6.10]foolengthlength NSString

- (unsigned int)length

Returns the number of Unicode characters in the receiver.

[7]

uppercaseString

NSString

[7]

BECOME AN XCODER 12

65


66/76

#import


{

NSAutoreleasePool *pool = [[NSAutoreleasePool alloc] init];

NSString *foo, *bar; foo = @"Julia!"; bar = [foo uppercaseString]; NSLog(@"%@ is converted into %@.", foo, bar);


Julia! is converted into JULIA!

NSMutableString NSMutableString

appendString:

[8]

#import


{


NSMutableString *foo; // [8.7] foo = [@"Julia!" mutableCopy]; // [8.8] [foo appendString:@" I am happy"]; NSLog(@"Here is the result: %@.", foo);


BECOME AN XCODER 12

66


67/76

Here is the result: Julia! I am happy.

[8.8] mutableCopy NSString

mutable [8.8] foo

"Julia!"

Objective-C

[8.7] Objective-

C "" ""

""

[8.7] foo "Julia!"

foo bar

bar = foo;

foo bar

foo [foo dosomething];

bar[bar dosomething];

[9]#import

"foo"

"foo"

"bar"

BECOME AN XCODER 12

67


68/76


{


NSMutableString *foo = [@"Julia!" mutableCopy]; NSMutableString *bar = foo;

NSLog(@"foo points to the string: %@.", foo); NSLog(@"bar points to the string: %@.", bar); NSLog(@"------------------------------");

[foo appendString:@" I am happy"];

NSLog(@"foo points to the string: %@.", foo); NSLog(@"bar points to the string: %@.", bar);


foo points to the string: Julia!

bar points to the string: Julia!

------------------------------

foo points to the string: Julia! I am happy

bar points to the string: Julia! I am happy

8

MAFoo

BECOME AN XCODER 12

68


69/76

13

array

index

element

1

1

NSArray NSMutableArray

[NSMutableArray array]

NSMutableArray

Objective-C

meta-classes

Cocoa

"+" "-" 8 [4.5]

array

array

+ (id)array

BECOME AN XCODER 13

69


70/76

Creates and returns an empty array. This method is used by mu-

table subclasses of NSArray.

See Also: + arrayWithObject:, + arrayWithObjects:

[1]

#import


{


NSMutableArray *myArray = [NSMutableArray array];

[myArray addObject:@"first string"]; [myArray addObject:@"second string"]; [myArray addObject:@"third string"];

int count = [myArray count]; NSLog(@"There are %d elements in my array", count);

[pool release]; return0;}

There are 3 elements in my array

0

objectAtIndex: [2.13]

[2]

#import


{

BECOME AN XCODER 13

70


71/76




NSString *element = [myArray objectAtIndex:0]; // [2.13]

NSLog(@"The element at index 0 in the array is: %@", element);

[pool release]; return0;}

The element at index 0 in the array is: first string

[3]

#import


{




int i; int count;

BECOME AN XCODER 13

71


72/76

for (i = 0, count = [myArray count]; i < count; i = i + 1) { NSString *element = [myArray objectAtIndex:i]; NSLog(@"The element at index %d in the array is: %@", i, element); }


The element at index 0 in the array is: first string

The element at index 1 in the array is: second string

The element at index 2 in the array is: third string

NSArray NSMutableArray

replace

replaceObjectAtIndex:withObject:

Objective-C

[4]

[myArray replaceObjectAtIndex:1 withObject:@"Hello"];

1 @"Hello"

valid

Objective-C

"" Smalltalk

Objective-Cexpressive

""

Objective-C

BECOME AN XCODER 13

72


73/76

14

Mac RAM

free

destroy

Cocoa

""retain count

1

2

3

=

3

BECOME AN XCODER 14

73


74/76

retain

releaseCocoa "autore-

lease pool" release -

autorelease pool

autoreleaseautorelease poolrelease autorelease pool

autorelease pool

Cocoa reference count-

ing 15 Cocoa

Apple Apple Cocoa

automatic garbage collection

Apple

Apple 2006 WWDC World Wide Developer Conference

2007 Xcode 3.0 automatic garbage collection

Objective-C 2.0

BECOME AN XCODER 14

74


75/76

15

Xcode Objective-C

Apple

Apple

http://www.apple.com/developer

http://osx.hyperjeff.net/reference/CocoaArticles.php

http://www.cocoadev.com

http://www.cocoabuilder.com

http://www.stepwise.com

http://lists.apple.com/mailman/listinfo/cocoa-dev cocoa-dev

mailing list

http://www.cocoabuilder.com

http://www.catb.org/~esr/faqs/smart-questions.html "How To Ask Questions The

Smart Way" "" http://mis.ndhu.edu.tw/docu/

question.htm

Cocoa Stephen Kochan Programming in Objective-C

Big Nerd Ranch Aaron Hillegass Cocoa Programming for Mac OS X

Xcode James Duncan Davidson Apple O'Reilly Cocoa

with Objective-C

Mac

A p p l e

http://developer.apple.com/documentation/UserExperience/Conceptual/OSXHIGuid

elines/index.html

BECOME AN XCODER 15

75


76/76

Xcode 0

Bert, Alex, Philippe.

BECOME AN XCODER 15

Become an TChinese

Documents

Transcript of Become an TChinese