Batas Pengelolaan Wilayah Laut Daerah(Surabaya-Gresik)

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Procedia Earth and Planetary Science 14 (2015) 83 93

Available online at www.sciencedirect.com

1878-5220 2015 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license

(http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).

Peer-review under responsibilty of the Department of Ocean Engineering, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.

doi:10.1016/j.proeps.2015.07.088

ScienceDirect

2nd International Seminar on Ocean and Coastal Engineering, Environment and Natural DisasterManagement, ISOCEEN 2014

A Determination Analysis of Regional Maritime Boundary Based on

Regulation of Home Ministry Affair Number 76 in 2012 (Case Study:

Dispute of Galang Island Border between Surabaya and Gresik)

Khomsina, Ria Widiastutya, Teguh Fayakun Alifb, Eko Artantob

aDepartement of Geomatics Engineering, The Fac ulty of Planning and Civil Engineering, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember, Sukolilo,

Surabaya 60111, IndonesiabPusat Pemetaan Batas Wilayah, Badan Informasi Geospasial, Cibinong, Bogor, Indonesia

Abstract

By the end of 2012, Indonesia consists of 34 provinces, 422 regencies, and 98 cities. According to the decentralization policy as

stipulated by the Act No. 32/2004, infrastructure development becomes inevitable point. Sectors that highly increased are coastal

and marine development. Abundant natural resources in the coastal area drives investor to seek potential areas to develop.

However,most of local goverment still dont understand the act of administrative maritime boundary. Undeclared administrative

maritime boundary could cause conflict and obstruct the implementation of local government functions. If the border conflict is

not resolved soon,local government could lose local revenue (PAD) as well as decrease in civil services.

Delimitation of administrative maritime boundary is necessary in order to avoid overlapping authorithy of the rightsto manage area.

Administrative maritime boundary defined as resources management border in the sea which is represented by series of coordinate

point measure from the shorelines. Delimitation of administrative maritime boundary is well described in the Regulation of The

Minister of Home Affairs no 76 of 2012, especially in its appendix. This research aimed to determine administrative maritime

boundary in the vicinity of Surabaya and Gresik whereas an island formed from sedimentation process, identified as Galang Island.

This island has become the source of conflict between the two regions who claim the area.

Keywords:Administrative Maritime Boundary, Cartometric Method, Equidistance Line , Median Line, Regulation of Home Ministry Affair

Number 76 in 2012

* Corresponding author. Tel.: - ; fax: -.

E-mail address:[email protected]
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84 Khomsin et al. / Procedia Earth and Planetary Science 14 (2015) 83 93

1. Introduction

Indonesian country has a territory with a total area of 8,292,983 square km and has abundant natural resourceson the land and sea (Pusat Pemetaan Batas Wilayah BIG, 2012). Existing natural resources are not only has a positiveeconomic impact but also a negative impact on the nation if management procedure failure. To optimize themanagement of the natural resources needed to ensure the right boundary and ownership of the government. Definitiveboundaries based on the provisions of the law plays an important role for governance, defense, security, license,management of natural resources, and others.

Rules of no.4/2011 on Geospatial Information, Indonesia must use one a reference for mapping with GeodeticControl Network and the base map. Clarity and firmness of bounderies very important in order to ensure the certaintyof authority, especially management and exploitation of natural resources, defense, security, social, cultural, andtechnology.Border of region is dividing the authority of a region to the other. Unclear it can lead to conflict in the border regionand obstruct government functions. If not resolved, can reduce of public services. Delimitation is devided in the landand sea. Delimitation of sea areas is needed in order to avoid overlapping authority and conflicts in that area. Oneexample of the conflict seas delimitation is the city of Surabaya and Gresik. Between two regions, there is a smallisland namely Galang Island.

Galang Island is no an island that was born in the past. The island is relatively small which arise by itself.Occurred from Lamong river sedimentation since the 1960s. Previously there was no island in the region. With avariety of potential Galang Island, now two cities claim each other legitimate Galang Island. From geographiclocation, Galang islands is owned by the government of Surabaya, but Gresik government also claims it under thepretext of having 3 certificates of ownership. Resolving problem, Galang is land becamed to Province of East Javagovernment.

This research aims to establish delimitation sea boundaries between Surabaya and Gresik city using cartometricmethod with existing data as well as the applicable law in Indonesia, in this case using the guidelines Ministry ofInternal Affairs No.76/2012.

2. History of Galang Island

Historically, there is no previous Galang Island that evidenced by aerial photograph in 1969 was not appeared.

Starting from sedimentation carried by Lamong river since 1981 there was overgrown mangrove in the north coast

Benowo District of Surabaya, it is evident from the results of aerial photography in 1981. In 1989, aerial photograph

used again to identification it and became greater. The existence of Galang Island became clear though is still in the

form of vegetation like mangroves. Galang Island can only be occupied as local animal shelters birds and marine

habitats. Can be seen increasingly widening Galang Island in the 2002 aerial photograph.

Figure 1. Aeral Photograph of Galang Island in 1969

(Surabaya Governance,2003)


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85Khomsin et al. / Procedia Earth and Planetary Science 14 (2015) 83 93



Figure 3. Mozaic Photograph of Galang Island in 1989





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3. Processing Data

Stages of processing data in this research below

Analysis ofRe gional Maritime

Boundary

C oastline

D igitization

De termine

Basepoints

C onstruction of boundary linewith distance principle

Equidistance & Medianline

(UsingAutocad Map 3D 2013

C ircle - 3 P oints)

Draw a line

S tart

S top

C ollecting

Maps

RBI Maps(Toponymy,Land C over,

Administration)(*.shp)

C oastline in

2013(*.shp)

LPI Maps in 2002(1608-01, 1608-

02,1608-03, 1608-04, 1608-04)

(Ras ter Format)

High

resolutionimage of

G oogle Earth(Geotiff)

Map of Alternative MaritimeBoundary Dispute G alang Island

(If G alang Island C onsidered None)


(If G alang Island Fifty-Fifty Pe rcentbetween Surabaya and G resik)


(If G alang Island being partofSurabay a C ity C ompletely)


(If G alang Island being PartofG resik C ity C ompletely)

Re port

Map of R egional M aritime Boundary Dispute of

G alang Island Border between S urabaya andG resik

C onstruction of Regional M aritime BoundaryDispute of G alang Island Border between Surabaya

and G resik(Using L ayoutof C itra G oogle E arth)

Overlay

Overlay

VastDifference

Overlay

Fig. 5. Procesing Data


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1. Analyst Data

1.1. Results of Determination Cartometric

There are four alternative from dispute Galang Island between Surabaya and Gresik so four lists cartometric point

coordinates.

Explanation :

CoastlineConstruction of delineation

Sea Border

Points of Cartometric

In the example image above results cartometrics point that formed

the boundary line of cartometrics dots. Cartometric point A is the

result of the withdrawal line of cartometrics dots from G (Gresik)

and S (Surabaya) with the equidistance method and the median line.

1.2. Analysis of the Withdrawal of the Sea Boundary Using Equidistance and Median Line

In Fig. 7 is one of the withdrawal of the sea boundary with the median

line method, which is the median line between the mainland city of

Surabaya and Bangkalan. Determination of the two starting points are

the first point that determines the next point to form the center point

and then the midpoint of a line drawn form the median line.

In Fig. 8 is one of the withdrawal of the sea boundary with equidistance

method, namely the principle of equal distance between Surabaya andGresik. The dots are formed with the principle of equal distance 3

points, 3 points of intersection are connected and formed the boundary

line.

Fig. 6. Example of Determination Cartometric

Fig. 7. The Example of Withdrawal of the Sea

Boundary Using Median Line

Fig. 8. The Example of Withdrawal of the Sea

Boundary Using Equidistance


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1.3. Analysis Ownership of Galang Island based Withdrawal Border

Withdrawal Border If Galang Island Considered None

The overall area of Galang Island

is 103.326 square m2, equivalent

to 10.3 acres. If Galang Island

considered none, then pulled thesea border area and obtained

Galang Island for Surabaya City

is 83.091 m2or 8.3 hectares and

20.234 square m2or 2.0 acres for

Gresik city. These results

indicate that Galang Island is

divided into two broad

ownership with those mentioned

above (80% ownership of

Surabaya and Gresik 20%ownership). Thus will affect the

overall ocean management

boundary between Surabaya and

Gresik appropriate shown in Fig.

9.

Withdrawal Border If Galang Island Fifty-Fifty Percent between Surabaya and Gresik

The overall area of Galang Island

is 103.326 square m2, equivalent

to 10.3 acres. If Galang Island is

devided fifty-fifty percent

between Surabaya and Gresik

city then pulled the sea border

area, between Surabaya and

Gresik city have 51,663 squre m2

or 516 acres. Thus will affect the

overall ocean managementboundary between Surabaya and

Gresik appropriate shown in

Figure 10.

Fig. 10. Withdrawal Border If Galang Island Fifty-Fifty Percent between Surabaya and Gresik

Fig. 9. Withdrawal Border If Galang Island Considered None


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Withdrawal Border If Galang Island being part of Surabaya City Completely

Galang Island entrance area of

Surabaya, so that a total area of

103.326 m2 being part of

Surabaya city completely. From

the Lamong river drawn sea

border area, then followed thewithdrawal of the sea boundary

with the option Galang Island

entrance area of Surabaya see in

Fig. 11.

Withdrawal Border If Galang Island being part of Gresik City Completely

Galang Island entrance area of

Gresik, so that a total area of

103.326 m2 being part of Gresik

city completely. From the Lamong

river drawn sea border area, then

followed the withdrawal of the sea

boundary with the option Galang

Island entrance area of Gresik.

Fig. 11. Withdrawal Border If Galang Island being part of Surabaya City Completely

Fig. 12. Withdrawal Border If Galang Island being Part of Gresik City Completely


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1.4. Analysis of Size Difference on Four Alternative Boundary

Alternative difference if Galang Island is Reputed None and Divided Equally

Explanation :

Marine management

area boundary line if Galang considered

no Marine management area

boundary line if Galang divided equally

wide

Vast difference in the

management of marine areas

Alternative Difference if Galang Island is Reputed None and Entrance Area of Surabaya

Explanation :

Marine management

area boundary line if Galang

considered no

Marine management


Entrance Area of Surabaya



Fig. 13. Alternative difference if Galang Island is reputed none and divided equally

Fig, 14. Alternative difference i if Galang Island is reputed none and entrance area of Surabaya


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Alternative Difference if Galang Island is Reputed None and Entrance Area of Gresik

Explanation :

Marine management


considered no

Marine management

area boundary line if GalangEntrance Area of Gresik



Alternative Difference if Galang Island is Divided Equally and Entrance Area of Surabaya

Explanation :

Marine management

area boundary line if Galang divided

equally wide

Marine management


Entrance Area of SurabayaVast difference in the


Fig. 15. Alternative difference if Galang Island is reputed none and entrance area of Gresik

Fig. 16. Alternative difference if Galang Island is divided equally and entrance area of Surabaya


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Alternative difference if Galang Island is Divided Equally and Entrance Area Gresik

Explanation :

Marine management

area boundary line if Galang divided

equally wide

Marine management

area boundary line if Galang Entrance

Area Gresik



Alternative Difference if Galang Island Entrance Area of Surabaya and Gresik

Explanation :

Marine management


Entrance Area of Surabaya

Marine management


Entrance Area of Gresik

Vast difference in themanagement of marine areas

Fig. 17. Alternative difference if Galang Island is divided equally and entrance area Gresik

Fig. 18. Alternative Difference if Galang Island Entrance Area of Surabaya and Gresik


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Difference in the management of marine areas generated by four alternative boundary marine management areas

can be seen on table below.

Table 1. Comparison Area Regional Differences in Four Alternatives

2. Conclusion

Based on the results of this research, it can be concluded that:

1. All alternatives of delineation will change overall management of marine areas, especially between the City of

Surabaya and Gresik, because Galang Island has principle marine management for them.

2. Comparison difference in the management of marine areas in the four alternatives show that once the effect of

the establishment and management of marine demarcation related areas Galang Island for both parties related to

the management of the resources of the sea and everything underneath.

References

1. Pusat Pemetaan Batas Wilayah. 2012. Laporan Tahunan Pusat Pemetaan Batas Wilayah 2012. Bogor : Badan Informasi Geospasial2. Republik Indonesia. 2004. Undang-Undang Republik Indonesia Nomor 32 Tahun 2004 Tentang Pemerintahan Daerah. Jakarta.

3. Sub Bagian Perkotaan Bagian Pemerintahan Pemerintah Kota Surabaya. 2003. Bahan Kajian Penyelesaian Masalah Pulau Galang Antara Kota

Surabaya dengan Kabupaten Gresik : Arsip Bagian Pemerintahan Kota Surabaya. Surabaya

Alternative

Boundary

Galang Island

Considered None

Galang Island

Fifty-Fifty

Percent between

Surabaya andGresik

Galang Island

being part of

Surabaya City

Completely

Galang Island

being Part of

Gresik City

Completely

Galang Island

Considered None1.080.284,014 m

2

(108,0 ha)

1.377.218,093 m2

(137,7 ha)

2.404.923,824 m2

(240,5 ha)

Galang Island

Fifty-Fifty Percent

between Surabaya

and Gresik

1.080.284,014 m2

(108,0 ha)

2.422.893,513 m2

(242,3 ha)

2.794.685,016 m2

(279,5 ha)

Galang Island

being part of

Surabaya City

Completely

1.377.218,093 m2

(137,7 ha)

2.422.893,513 m2

(242,3 ha)

3.782.140,839 m2

(378,2 ha)

Galang Island

being Part of

Gresik City

Completely

2.404.923,824 m2

(240,5 ha)

2.794.685,016 m2

(279,5 ha)

3.782.140,839 m2

(378,2 ha)

Batas Pengelolaan Wilayah Laut Daerah(Surabaya-Gresik)

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