Barice B.gradiska

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Baricenaselje,podrujeBosanskeGradike

Baricesettlement,BosanskaGradikaregion

byNebojaLudajiMilanurevi

Source:HeraldoftheNationalMuseumofBosniaandHerzegovinainSarajevo:Archeology(GlasnikZemaljskogmuzejaBosneiHercegovineuSarajevu:Arheologija),issue:52/2010,pages:93105,onwww.ceeol.com.

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Mr. sci. Milan urevi, Bosanska GradikaMr. sci. Neboja Ludaji, Panevo

Barice naselje, podruje Bosanske Gradike

Pregledni radUDK 903.4(497.6 Barice)637

Autori donose osnovne rezultate istraivanja dijela naselja jednoslojnog bronzanodobnog lokaliteta Barice kod Bosan-ske Gradike. Analiza keramikog materijala koji se vee za srednje i, u manjoj mjeri, starije bronzano doba, te datumi dobiveni ugljik-14 analizama ukazuju na dugo trajanje naselja u Baricama za koje se osnovano pretpostavlja da pri-pada kulturi Barice Greani.

Kljune rijei: bosanska Posavina, Bosanska Gradika, Barice Greani, bronzano doba, naselje.

Uvod

Lokalitet Barice predstavlja kompleks njiva u severnom delu sela Laminci-Jaruani kod Bo-sanske Gradike, na samoj granici sa selima Novo Selo, Gornja i Donja Dolina. Smeten je na blagom prirodnom uzvienju na obali neka-danje reke (verovatno Vrbasa) koja je u mean-drima tekla ovim podrujem sve do ua u Savu. Lokalitet se prostire na povrini od oko 2 ha, na nekoliko parcela, a pored ostataka naselja, na ovom prostoru su konstatovane i tri humke (tu-mula). Jedna od humki (humka 1) je sistematski istraena 1986. godine, u okviru prve godine rada na projektu Bronzano doba sjeverne Bo-sne, humka 2 je istraena u okviru tree godine rada u dva navrata 1988. i 1989. godine, dok je za trei tumul konstatovano da je gotovo potpu-no uniten jer je sluio kao pozajmite zemlje za ciglanu.

Istovremeno sa istraivanjem humke 1 obav-ljeno je i sondiranje naselja na tri mesta (sonde A,

Milan urevi MSc, Bosanska GradikaNeboja Ludaji MSc, Panevo

Barice settlement, Bosanska Gradika region

Review articleUDC 903.4(497.6 Barice)637

The paper sets out the principal findings of investigations of the settlement at the single-stratum Bronze Age site of Barice near Bosanska Gradika. The analysis of the pottery material, associ-ated mainly with the Middle Bronze Age and to a lesser extent with the Early Bronze Age, together with the dates produced by Carbon-14 analysis, suggest that this was a long-lasting settle-ment, probably belonging to the Barice-Greani culture.

Key words: Bosnian Posavina, Bosanska Gradika, Barice-Greani, Bronze Age, settlement.

Introduction

The Barice site is a complex of arable fields in the northern part of the village of Laminci-Jaruani near Bosanska Gradika, on the boundary with the villages of Novo Selo, Gornja and Donja Dolina. It is located on a slight natural elevation on the bank of a dry river (probably the Vrbas) which mean-dered its way through this area to its confluence with the Sava. The site covers an area of about 2 ha, consisting of a number of plots, and includes not only the remains of a settlement but also three mounds (tumuli). One of these (mound 1) was systematically excavated in 1986 as part of the first years work on the Bronze Age in northern Bosnia project; mound 2 was excavated on two occasions, in 1988 and 1989, as part of the third years work; and the third tumulus was found to be almost completely destroyed, having been used as a source of clay for bricks.

At the same time as the excavations of mound 1 were being conducted, trenches were opened in

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B i C) na istonom delu naselja. Tom prilikom je istraena povrina od 137 m.

Ve sledee godine je obavljeno sistematsko iskopavanje na jugozapadnom delu naselja na po-vrini od 512 m (blok sonda 32 12 m), tako da je ukupno istraena povrina na Baricama nase-lju iznosila 649 m. Obe istraivake kampanje je vodio Milan urevi, arheolog iz Bosanske Gra-dike sa saradnicima.

Tok istraivanja

Na postojanje praistorijskog lokaliteta na ovom mestu uverio se Milan urevi jo 1979. godine, kada je prilikom obrade zemlje plug izorao dve urne sa spaljenim kostima. Obilaskom terena, na njivi, juno od ovog nalaza, uoeno je i mnotvo keramike koja je upuivala na postojanje naselja. Godine 1986, paralelno sa istraivanjem humke 1, na katastarskoj estici 859 (vlasnitvo Slavka Milovanovia) otvorena je sonda (sonda A) veli-cine 5 5 m. Nakon iskopa sonde, u kojoj je bilo dosta keramikog materijala, moglo se ustanoviti da je sonda postavljena na samoj periferiji praisto-rijskog naselja, dok se kulturni sloj blago sputao prema starom koritu reke. Radi toga je otvorena jedna vea sonda veliine 12 8 m podeljena na 6 kvadrata (sonda B), postavljena zapadnije. Ova sonda, kao i sonda C, postavljena izmeu A i B, dale su daleko vie materijala i podataka o karak-teru naselja. Sloj humusa, odnosno oranice, dose-zao je, usled dubokog oranja, do dubine od oko 0,40 m, dok je kulturni sloj koji je nalegao na lesnu zdravicu bio ujednaene debljine od oko 0,20 m. Kulturni sloj se sastojao od tvre nabijene zemlje koja je na nekim mestima imala dosta renog ljunka. Na samoj zdravici su na nekoliko mesta vidljivi tragovi noseih stupova, a ustanovljeno je i jedno kuno ognjite premazano poliranom pe-enom zemljom. Keramiki materijal pronaen na naselju bio je gotovo identian grnariji iz humke 1, na osnovu ega se moglo zakljuiti da su ovi tu-muli predstavljali nekropole stanovnika naselja.1

Radi rasvetljavanja karaktera i hronolokog kon-teksta naselja, na osnovu prethodnih istraivanja, te zahvaljujui probnim ispitivanjima izvedenim

1 urevi 1986, 50-51.

three places in the eastern part of the settlement (trenches A, B and C), when an area of 137 m was investigated.

The following year, systematic excavations were carried out on the south-western part of the settle-ment over an area of 512 m (a block of trenches 32 12 m), bringing the total excavated area of the Barica settlement to 649 m. Both sets of excava-tions were led by Milan urevi, an archaeologist from Bosanska Gradika, with associates.

Progress of the excavations

Milan urevi was already convinced that there was a prehistoric site here in 1979, when a plough turned up two urns with incinerated bones. During a visit to the site, a quantity of pottery was ob-served in a field south of this find, also suggesting a settlement. In 1986, while mound 1 was being ex-cavated, trench A of 5 5 m was opened on cadas-tral plot 859, the property of Slavko Milovanovi. After excavating the trench, in which there was a quantity of pottery material, it became clear that the trench had been opened on the very edge of the prehistoric settlement and that the cultural layer ran down the slight slope to the old river bed. As a result, a larger trench of 12 8 m, divided into six quadrants and numbered trench B, was opened further west. This trench, like trench C which was opened between A and B, yielded far more ma-terial and information on the nature of the settle-ment. The land had been deep-ploughed to a depth of about 0.40 m, while the cultural layer, which overlay the loess subsoil, was of an even depth of about 0.20 m. The cultural layer consisted of hard rammed earth with, in places, a fair quantity of river gravel. Signs of postholes could be seen in places in the subsoil itself, and a domestic hearth covered with polished burnt earth was also found. The pottery found in the settlement was almost identical to that from mound 1, suggesting that the tumuli constituted the necropolis of the inhabit-ants of the settlement.1

With a view to shedding light on the nature and chronological context of the settlement fol-lowing the earlier excavations and test pits sunk

1 urevi 1986, 50-51.

Distributed by CEEOL

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runom builicom (koje je izveo Milan urevi pre poetka iskopavanja 1987. godine), odlueno je da se, u toku druge godine rada u okviru projek-ta, istrai vea povrina na parceli Nikole Knee-via. Ova povrina je smetena u jugozapadnom delu naselja, zapadno od sonde B iz 1986. godine. Postavljena je blok sonda, dimenzija 32 16 m, orijentisana duim stranama u pravcu sever-jug, a podeljena je kvadratima veliine 4 4 m (vidi prilog 1). Na istraenoj povrini konstatovana je sledea vertikalna stratigrafija:

recentni humus sa vegetacijom (oranica) prosene debljine oko 0,20 m;

kulturni sloj tvrde tamnije zemlje, dubine od 0,20 do 0,50 m;

svetlouta rastresita zemlja (zdravica).

Na ovoj povrini su otkriveni sledei objekti (prilog 1):

u kvadratu C7 ognjite, dimenzija 80 60 cm, sa poliranom crvenom peenom zemljom;

u kvadratima A4 i A5, ostaci stambenog objekta (sudei po podnici od tvrde nabije-ne gline) koji se verovatno prua i u kvadra-tima B4 i B5 (tu povrinu u kvadratima C4 i B6 prekida urueni zid, duine oko 6 m, prilikom ijeg razbijanja je naen vei broj fragmenata izgorele keramike, kao i vee koliine krupnijih komada kunog lepa sa tragovima prua);

u blizini ovog zida u istonom delu kvadra-ta C5 naeno je rastureno ognjite, dimen-zija takoe 80 60 cm;

u istonom profilu kvadrata B6 nalaze se osta-ci podnice jo jednog objekta (graevine);

u kvadratu D1 vidljiva je substrukcija od tvrdo nabijene gline pokrivene renim oblucima;

u kvadratu A2 je konstatovana otpadna jama, dimenzija 2 1,60 m, ispunjena ra-stresitom tamnom zemljom sa veom koli-inom keramike i ivotinjskih kostiju;

u kvadratima D3 i D4 uoena je jama veih dimenzija (3 2,5 m) iji je jedan deo ostao van istraene povrine, takoer sa dosta na-laza kostiju i keramike;

konstatovan je i vei broj jama od stupova, prenika oko 0,20 m, ali iji raspored nije mo-gao sa sigurnou da se vee za neke objekte.

by hand-drilling (carried out by Milan urevi before embarking on the 1987 excavations), the decision was taken to excavated a larger area on a plot belonging to Nikola Kneevi, as part of the second years work on the project. This area is in the south-western part of the settlement, west of trench B opened in 1986. A block of trenches measuring 32 16 m, with the longer side running north-south, was opened, divided into 4 4 m quadrants (see Fig. 1). The follow-ing vertical stratigraphy was identified on the excavated area:

topsoil with vegetation (plough-land) with an average depth of about 0.20 m;

a cultural layer of hard black earth with a depth of 0.20 to 0.50 m;

friable, light yellow subsoil.

The following structures were uncovered in this area (Fig. 1):

quadrant C7: a hearth of 80 60 cm, with polished burnt red earth;

quadrants A4 and A5: the remains of a dwelling (judging from the floor of rammed clay), probably also extending into quadrants B4 and B5 (in quadrants C4 and B6 this area was interrupted by a collapsed wall about 6 m long; when this was broken up a large quantity of sherds of burnt pottery was found, together with considerable quantities of large pieces of daub with traces of wattle);

quadrant C, eastern part: a broken-up hearth, also of 80 60 cm;

quadrant B, east profile: the remains of the floor of another building;

quadrant D1: a substructure of hard rammed clay overlaid with river pebbles;

quadrant A2: a rubbish pit of 2 1.60 m, full of friable dark earth with a large quan-tity of pottery and animal bones;

quadrants D3 and D4: a larger pit of 3 2.5 m, part of which was beyond the excavated area, and also containing quantities of bones and pottery;

large numbers of postholes with a diam-eter of about 0.20 m, the layout of which could not definitely be associated with a building.

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Pokretni arheoloki materijal

Na naselju u Baricama preovlauje gruba, negla-ana grnarija, ree ukraena preteno plastinim ornamentima. Prema preliminarnoj statistikoj analizi keramike sa ovog lokaliteta, ak 72% fra-gmenata pripada neornamentisanim trbusima, a meu ovima svega 19% je finije fakture i tanjih zidova. Meu grubljom keramikom preovlauju jajoliki lonci blago razgrnutog ili uvuenog oboda (T. I, 1-3, T. II, 2), zatim pitosi slinih formi sa jeziastim drkama ili bez drki i vee inije sa jednom trakastom drkom ispod oboda (T. II, 1, T. III, 2, 3). Neto rei su lonci sa drkom koja polazi od oboda (T. III, 4), lonci sa jako razgrnu-tim obodom (T. III, 5), dublje zdele sa uvuenim, zadebljanim obodom, koje su ponekad imale i izlivnik ispod oboda (T. III, 6) (jedan ovakav sud je konstatovan kao urna groba 44 iz humke 1 na lokalitetu Dejanovia humke), kao i plitke posude neprofilisanog oboda i ovalnog dna. Neto finija keramika tanjih zidova pripadala je uglavnom o-ljama (T. IV, 1) i peharima sa ili bez drki (T. IV, 2) mada su nalaeni i fragmenti veih glaanih su-dova finije fakture. Potrebno je svakako izdvoji-ti i nalaze zdela razgrnutog oboda, blago nagla-enog ramena sa vertikalnim trakastim drkama (T. IV, 3, T. II, 4), koje su predstavljale najei oblik posuda upotrebljavanih kao urne poklopci i u humkama sjeverno od naselja.

Na svega 6% fragmenata zastupljen je orna-ment. Na grubljem posuu najee nalazimo udubljenja izvedena prstom po obodu (T. I, 1) ili po plastinim trakama (T. I, 2, 3), zatim plasti-ne trake organizovane u razliite motive (T. I, 4, T. II, 1), kao i gusto rasporeene bradaviaste na-lepke (T. I, 5, T. II, 2). Na finijoj keramici su uoe-na dugmetasta ispupenja esto oiviena krunim ljebom (T. I, 6), zatim linearni urezi, najee na prelazu vrata u rame posude (T. II, 3, 4), i ree ta-kasti ubodi (T. II, 5), te urezani snopovi (T. II, 6) i cik-cak linije (T. III, 1).

Pored grnarije, u naselju su nalaene ivotinjske kosti (koje nisu jo obraene), utezi za tkalaki stan (T. IV, 4), ulomci rvnjeva, prljenci (T. IV, 5, 6) i nekoliko kremenih artefakata (T. IV, 7).

U otpadnoj jami kvadrata A2 (prilog 1) pro-naena je i jedna ukrasna bronzana igla sa topu-

Movable archaeological material

The pottery in Barice consisted mainly of coarse, unglazed wares, occasionally decorated, usually with relief ornaments. A preliminary statistical analysis of the pottery from this site revealed that as many as 72% of the sherds belonged to the un-decorated bellies of pots, among which just 19% were of finer fabric, with thinner walls. The princi-pal shape of the coarse pottery was ovoid cooking pots with a slightly everted or inverted rim (T. I, 1-3, T. II, 2), followed by pithoi of similar shape with lug handles or none, and large bowls with a single strap handle below the rim (T. II, 1, T. III, 2, 3). Rather less common were cooking pots with a handle starting at the rim (T. III, 4), cooking pots with a markedly everted rim (T. III, 5), deep bowls with an inverted, thickened rim, sometimes with a pouring hole below the rim (T. III, 6) (one ves-sel of this kind was found as an urn in grave 44 from mound 1 at Dejanovia humke), and shal-low vessels with an unmoulded rim and oval base. The rather finer pottery with thinner walls consist-ed mainly of cups (T. IV, 1) and beakers with or without handles (T. IV, 2), though sherds of larger glazed vessels of finer fabric were also found. Of particular interest was the discovery of bowls with a everted rim and slightly accentuated shoulder with vertical strap handles (T. IV, 3, T. II, 4), the most common shape of vessels used as urn covers in the tumuli north of the village.

Just 6% of the sherds bore decoration. The usual decoration on the coarser vessels was finger-im-pressed concavities along the rim (T. I, 1) or on relief bands (T. I, 2, 3), followed by relief bands arranged to form various motifs (T. I, 4, T. II, 1), and close-set wart-like applications (T. I, 5, T. II, 2). The finer pottery bore knob-like bosses often surrounded by a circular channelled line (T. I, 6), linear incisions, usu-ally at the transition from the neck to the shoulder of the vessel (T. II, 3, 4) and, more rarely, punched dots (T. II, 5) and incised groups of lines (T. II, 6) and zigzag lines (T. III, 1).

Other finds in the settlement included animal bones (not yet catalogued), loom weights (T. IV, 4), pieces of quern, whorls (T. IV, 5, 6) and a number of flint artefacts (T.IV, 7).

The rubbish pit in quadrant A2 (Fig. 1) also yielded a decorative bronze pin with a mace-like

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zastom glavom ukraenom sa po tri horizontalna ureza (T. IV, 8). Ovaj tip igle, okvirno datovan u period Br C-D po Reinecke-u, nalaen je na loka-litetima bronzanog doba u Sloveniji,2 na podruju virovitike grupe,3 a jedan slian primerak je na-en i u nasipu humke i na lokalitetu Dejanovia humke.

Sudei po keramikim nalazima, naselje na Baricama je jednoslojni lokalitet sa homoge-nim kulturnim slojem. Kako jo nije zavrena celovita tipoloka analiza grnarije sa Barica, za sada nije mogue dati precizniju zastuplje-nost pojedinih tipova i varijanti posuda, kao ni njihovo hronoloko razgranienje. Svi oblici se mogu sa dosta izvesnosti pripisati grupi Barice- -Greani sa nekim elementima koji ukazuju na izvesne spoljne kulturne uticaje. Poto prvi re-zultati rada na keramici ukazuju na odsustvo ili sporadino prisustvo nalaza koji bi upuivali na oblike starije faze kulture polja sa urnama, tipologija keramike sa ovog lokaliteta bi mo-gla predstavljati kontrolnu grupu u daljem radu na tipolokoj analizi grnarije kulture Barice- -Greani.

Hronoloki i kulturni kontekst

Sudei pre svega po keramikom materijalu sa naselja, sa sigurnou se moe potvrditi direktna veza ovog naselja sa nekropolama severno od na-selja. Nekropole sa spaljenim pokojnicima ukazu-ju na jedan specifian ritual konstatovan, pre sve-ga, na nekropoli Barice u Gornjoj Orahovici kod Graanice4 i u susednoj Slavoniji na nekropoli u Greanima kod Okuana.5

Slinost materijala sa ovih nekropola sa kera-mikom iz naselja u okolini Doboja pretpostavila je postojanje jedne specifine grupe bronzanog doba koja je, zahvaljujui ovim nalazima, i mogla biti definisana kao kultura Barice-Greani.6

Najuoljivija slinost kompleksu naselje-nekropole na Baricama nalazimo na lokalite-tu Sjekovo u Lamincima-Dubravama, svega

2 Gabrovec 1983, 46, T.II,2.3 Vinski-Gasparini 1983, 660, T.LXXXVI,13.4 ovi 1958, 77-96, T.I-II.5 Minichreiter 1983, 7-122.6 ovi 1988, 60-61.

head decorated with three horizontal incisions (T. IV, 8). This type of pin, roughly dated to the Br C-D period in the Reinecke scale, has been found at Bronze Age sites in Slovenia2 and in the region of the Virovitica group,3 and a similar specimen was also found in a mound at Dejanovia humke.

The pottery finds suggest that the settlement at Barice is a single-stratum site with a homoge-neous cultural layer. Until the comprehensive ty-pological analysis of the pottery from Barice has been completed, no accurate details of the pres-ence of the various types and variants of vessel can be given, or of their chronological framework. All the various shapes can be ascribed with rea-sonable certainty to the Barice-Greani group with certain features suggesting some external cultural influences. Since the initial results of the work on the pottery indicate the absence or only sporadic presence of finds suggesting forms of an early phase of the urnfield culture, the typology of the pottery from this site could constitute a control group for further work on the typological analysis of the pottery of the Barice-Greani culture.

Chronological and cultural context

Judging mainly from the pottery from the set-tlement, there can be no doubt that there is a direct connection between this settlement and the necropolis to the north of it. The necropolis with incinerated remains suggests a specific rite identified principally at the Barice necropolis in Gornja Orahovica near Graanica4 and in neigh-bouring Slavonia, at the necropolis in Greani near Okuani.5

The similarity between the material from these necropolises and the pottery from the settlements in the Doboj region postulated the existence of a specific Bronze Age group, identified on the basis of these finds as the Barice-Greani culture.6

The most striking similarity to the settlement and necropolis complex at Barice is to be found at

2 Gabrovec 1983, 46, T.II,2.3 Vinski-Gasparini 1983, 660, T.LXXXVI,13.4 ovi 1958, 77-96, T.I-II.5 Minichreiter 1983, 7-122.6 ovi 1988, 60-61.

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6-7 km istono od Barica. Naselje na Sjekovu se takoer nalazi na blagoj prirodnoj uzvisini, dok se u njegovoj neposrednoj blizini nalaze tri tumula (Dejanovia humke) koji su pred-stavljali nekropole stanovnika naselja. Kao i kod veine naseobinskih lokaliteta grupe Bari-ce-Greani, naselje na Baricama se prostire na relativno irokoj povrini sa relativno tankim kulturnim slojem i prilino oskudnim ostacima arhitekture.

Najvei deo keramikog materijala bi vre-menski pripadao srednjem bronzanom dobu, a sudei po nekim stilskim elementima, kao to su grozdasti, bradaviasti nalepci (T. I, 5, T. II, 2), mogue je da je ovo naselje bilo zaposednuto i tokom starijeg bronzanog doba. Ovaj stilski elemenat, koji odgovara keramikom stilu ra-nobronzanodopske Hatvan kulture sa podru-ja severoistone Maarske, zapazio je Stojan Dimitrijevi na grnariji sa nekoliko lokaliteta u okolini Vinkovaca, te je ovaj fenomen obja-snio kao uticaj bebrinskog facijesa hatvanske kulture7.8 Slinost ovog ornamenta na fra-gmentima iz naselja u Baricama sa bebrinskim posudama upuivala bi na period starijeg bron-zanog doba, za ta se odluio i istraiva ovog naselja M. urevi.9 Ovako rano datovanje je otvorilo problem geneze kulture Barice-Grea-ni, kao i pitanje odnosa sa susednim kulturama. Ako pretpostavimo da naselje u Baricama pripa-da starijoj fazi ove kulture,10 a ovoj pretpostav-ci, pored spomenutog ornamenta, idu u prilog i nalazi tunelastih drki, barbotina i metliastih ukrasa (koji ak ukazuju na eneolitsko naslee), onda bi prisustvo igle sa topuzastom glavom i relativno nizak datum dobiven analizom C14 drvenog uglja sa humke 2, u rasponu od 1393.

7 Dimitrijevi 1979, 141.8 Majnari Pandi 2000, 104, istie da je vezanje

bebrinskog facijesa uz grupu Hatvan upitno, jer se ta grupa ne prati u pravcu juga, pogotovo ne do me-urjeja Save, Dunava i Drave. Ona smatra da su u nastanku bebrinske grupe (tipa) svoju ulogu odigrale vrlo iroko rasprostranjene tipoloke ideje koje su u panonoskom Podunavlju obiljeile prijelaz s ranog na srednje bronzano doba. Istaknuto je i drugaije milje-nje Z. Markovia o bebrinskom facijesu, a samim time i moguim kasnijim datacijama geneze kulture Barice Greani (op. urednitva).

9 urevi 1986, 51.10 ovi 1988, 60-61.

Sjekovo in Laminci-Dubrave, a mere 6-7 km east of Barice. The settlement at Sjekovo is also on a slight natural elevation, with three tumuli (known as Dejanovia humke) nearby, constituting the ne-cropolis of the inhabitants of the settlement. As in most settlements of the Barice-Greani group, the settlement at Barice covers a relatively wide area with a relatively thin cultural layer and rather meagre remains of buildings.

Most of the pottery would belong to the Mid-dle Bronze Age, though judging from certain sty-listic features, such as the wart-like applications (T. I, 5, T. II, 2), it is possible that the settlement was also occupied during the Early Bronze Age. This stylistic feature, which corresponds to the pottery style of the Early Bronze Age Hatvan cul-ture from north-eastern Hungary, was observed on the pottery from a number of sites around Vinko-vci by Stojan Dimitrijevi, who explained it as the influence of the Bebrina facies of the Hatvan culture7.8 The similarity between this orna-ment on the sherds from the settlement in Barice and the Bebrina vessels would suggest an Early Bronze Age date, which is the period the archae-ologist who investigated this site, M. urevi, opted for.9 Such an early date raised the question of the genesis of the Barice-Greani culture and of its relationship with neighbouring cultures. If one assumes that the settlement in Barice belongs to the earlier phase of this culture,10 a hypothesis supported not only by the ornament referred to but also the finds of tunnel handles and of barbotine and broom-like decorations (which would even suggest a legacy of the Eneolithic), the presence of the pin with a mace-like head and the relatively late date obtained from C14 analysis of the charcoal from tumulus 2, ranging from 1393 to 1127 BCE

7 Dimitrijevi 1979, 141.8 Majnari Pandi 2000, 104, notes that the connection

between the Bebrina facies and the Hatvan group is ques-tionable, since the group cannot be traced further south, and certainly not as far as the area between the Sava, Dan-ube and Drava rivers. She is of the view that the emergence of the Bebrina group (type) involved the very widespread typological ideas that marked the transition from the early to the Middle Bronze Age in the Pannonian Danube re-gion. Z. Markovi also has a different opinion of the Bebri-na facies, and hence of a possible later date for the genesis of the Barice-Greani culture (Editorial Board).

9 urevi 1986, 51.10 ovi 1988, 60-61.

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do 1127. g. pr.n.e. (prema merenju Instituta Ru-er Bokovi od 12.12.1989. godine), ukazivalo na veoma iroke hronoloke okvire trajanja nase-lja na Baricama.

Ovakva situacija sa arhainom keramikom i relativno mlaim nalazima bronzanih predmeta se javlja i na drugim lokalitetima kulture Bari-ce-Greani, to umnogome oteava izradu preci-znijih hronolokih tabela, kako za ovaj tako i za druge lokalitete ove kulturne grupe. Ako ovome pridodamo stilske slinosti sa nalazima srednjeg i kasnog bronzanog doba iz Slovenije,11 kao i sa nalazima podruja virovitike grupe,12 moemo da konstatujemo da su novija istraivanja nalazi-ta kulture Barice-Greani u bosanskoj Posavini samo naela problematiku jednog ireg kulturno-istorijskog fenomena na podruju jugozapadne Panonije. Jedno od objanjenja relativno dugog trajanja ivota na naseljima moda lei u samoj ekonomici nosilaca kulture Barice-Greani koji su svojim polunomadskim nainom ivota tokom dueg perioda esto naputali i ponovo zaposeda-li pojedine lokacije, a to bi podrazumevalo jaku porodinu organizaciju i, verovatno, kult preda-ka. Ovoj pretpostavci bi ila u prilog injenica o postojanju vie grupa nekropola na jednoj lokaci-ji. No, iako o svim ovim pitanjima jo ne postoje definitivna reenja, istraivanjem ovog lokaliteta se dolo do mnotva pojedinosti na koje e biti usmerena panja u daljim ispitivanjima vezanim za problematiku ove specifine kulture bronza-nog doba.

11 Gabrovec 1989.12 Vinski-Gasparini 1983.

(as measured by the Ruer Bokovi Institute on 12 December 1989) would suggest a very wide chronological framework for the settlement in Barice.

This combination of archaic pottery and the discovery of relatively late bronze artefacts ap-pears at other sites of the Barice-Greani cul-ture, making it much harder to develop an accu-rate chronological table for both this and other sites of this cultural group. Add to this the stylis-tic similarities with the middle and Late Bronze Age finds from Slovenia11 and those from the area of the Virovitica group,12 and it could be said that the latest investigations of sites of the Barice-Greani culture in the Bosnian Sava val-ley merely broached the subject of a wider cul-tural and historical phenomenon in south-west-ern Pannonia. One of the explanations for the relatively long life of these settlements could lie in the economics of the Barice-Greani cul-ture, whose people led a semi-nomadic life over a long period, often abandoning and then reoc-cupying certain sites, which would presuppose a strong family organization and, probably, an-cestor worship. Further evidence in support of this hypothesis is the fact that there are several groups of necropolises at a single site. Though there are still not definitive answers to all these questions, however, the excavation of this site yielded a mass of data that will be the subject of attention in future investigations concerning this specific Bronze Age culture.

11 Gabrovec 1989.12 Vinski-Gasparini 1983.

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Literatura / Bibliography

B. OVI 1958 Barice nekropola kasnog bronzanog doba kod Graanice, GZM n.s. XIII, Sarajevo, 1958, 77-96.

1988 Barice-Greani kulturna grupa, AL, tom 1, Sarajevo, 1988, 60-61.

S. DIMITRIJEVI 1979 Arheoloka topografija i izbor arheolokih nalaza s vinkovakog tla, IHAD 4, Vinkovci, 1979, 201-282.

M. UREVI 1986 Barice/Laminci, bronzanodobno naselje i nekropola, AP 1986, Ljubljana, 1987, 50-51.

S. GABROVEC 1983 Srednje bronano doba, PJZ IV, Sarajevo, 1983, 40-52.

1989 Bronasta doba v Sloveniji stanje raziskav in problemi, AV 39-40, Ljubljana, 1988--1989, 115-127.

K. MINICHREITER 1983 Pregled istraivanja nekropole grupe Greani u Slavoniji, Anali Zavoda za znanstveni rad, 2, Osijek, 1982-1983, 7-123.

N. MAJNARI PANDI

2000 Brodsko Posavlje u bronano i eljezno doba posljednja dva tisuljea prije Krista. Zbornik radova znanstvenog skupa, Slavonski Brod, 2000, 103-130.

Z. MARKOVI 2003 O genezi i poetcima licenskokeramike kulture u sjevernoj Hrvatskoj. O.A. 27, Zagreb, 2003, 117-150.

K. VINSKI-GASPARlNI 1983 Virovitika grupa, PJZ IV, Sarajevo, 1984, 551-566.

AP Arheoloki pregled, Beograd

AL Arheoloki leksikon Bosne i Hercegovine, Sarajevo

AV Arheoloki vestnik, Ljubljana

GZM Glasnik Zemaljskog muzeja Bosne i Hercegovine, Sarajevo

IHAD Izdanja Hrvatskog arheolokog drutva [Publications of the Croatian Archaeological Society]

O. A. Opuscula archaeologica, Zagreb

PJZ Praistorija jugoslavenskih zemalja, Sarajevo

Skraenice / Abbreviations

101


1

2

3

4

65

T I

102


1

2

3

4

65

T II

103


12

34

65

T III

104


12

3

4

65

87

T III

105


Prilog IFig. I

gredabeam

CRVENO PEENA ZEMLJARED BURNT SOIL

LIJEP / DAUB

KERAMIKA / POTTERY

RUPE OD KOLJAPOST HOLE

PODNICA PEIFLOOR OF AN OVEN OR KILN

SUBSTRUKCIJA PODNICEOD OBLUTAKAUNDERFLOORING OF RIVER PEBBLES

TAMNO SIVA ZEMLJADARK GREY SOIL

TAMNO SMEA ZEMLJADARK BROWN SOIL

SIVO SMEA ZEMLJAGREY-BROWN SOIL

UTA GLINOVITA ZEMLJAYELLOW CLAY SOIL

N

JARUANI LAMINCI 1987Lokalitet Barice - naseljeNivo 3.o.s.

0 m 1 mR 2 m

bronzabronze

nivelacija od podfloor levela

jama 1pit 1

Barice settlement3rd excavation stratum

jama 2pit 2

Barice B.gradiska

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Transcript of Barice B.gradiska