BO CO HA HC THC PHM NHM 15

BO CO HA HC THC PHM NHM 15

BO CO HA HC THC PHM NHM 15

MC LCMC LC1MC LC HNH4MC LC BNG5LI GII THIU6CHNG 1: TNG QUAN TI LIU71.1 Vitamin C71.1.1 nh ngha71.1.2 Cng thc cu to71.1.3 Ngun gc71.1.4 Lch s pht trin81.1.5 Tnh cht l ha81.1.6 Cn i vitamin C91.1.6.1 Nhng thay i ca c th khi thiu vitamin C91.1.6.2 Triu chng tha vitamin C91.1.7 Cng dng 111.2 Tocopherol121.2.1 nh ngha121.2.2 Cng thc cu to121.2.3 Ngun gc131.2.4 Lch s pht hin131.2.5 Tnh cht l ha141.2.5.1 Tnh cht vt l141.2.5.2 Tnh cht ha hc141.2.6 Cng dng151.3 Lycopene151.3.1 nh ngha151.3.2 Cng thc cu to151.3.3 Ngun gc161.3.4 Lch s pht hin171.3.5 Tnh cht l ha171.3.6 Cng dng171.4 Anthocyanin181.4.1 nh ngha181.4.2 Cng thc cu to181.4.3 Ngun gc191.4.4 Lch s pht hin201.4.5 Tnh cht l ha211.4.6 Cng dng21CHNG 2: QUY TRNH SN XUT222.1 Vitamin C222.2 Tocopherol232.3 Lycopene242.4 Anthocyanin25CHNG 3: NG DNG263.1 Vitamin C263.2 Tocopherol273.3 Lycopene283.4 Anthocyanin29CHNG 4: KT LUN V NGH304.1 Kt lun304.2 ngh30TI LIU THAM KHO31

MC LC HNH

Hnh 1.1: Cu trc phn t ca Vitamin C7Hnh 1.2: Cng thc cu to ca tocopherol12Hnh 1.3: Phn ng ca tocopherol vi gc t do14Hnh 1.4: Cu trc phn t ca lycopene16Hnh 1.5: Mi loi tri cy v rau qu c hm lng lycopene cao nht (g/100g nguyn liu)16Hnh 1.6: Ion flavylium, cu trc c bn ca anthocyanin18Hnh 2.1: Quy trnh sn xut vitamin C22Hnh 2.2: S h thng sn xut vitamin C23

MC LC BNG

Bng 1: Cc cu to chnh ca anthocyanidins.19Bng 2: Hm lng anthocyanin trong mt s loi thc phm20

LI GII THIU

Vitamin v cht chng oxy ha ngy nay c rt nhiu ngi quan tm n bi cc cng dng ht sc tuyt vi ca chng: gip chng li cc gc t do, gip chng cc tc nhn gy ung th, chng lo ha da, chng suy gim tr nh v vy n tht s cn thit i vi sc khe ca con ngi trong cuc sng thi hin i.Cht chng oxy ha (v d: lycopene) cha nhiu trong mt s loi tri cy v rau c nh: gc, c chua, c rt, bp gim, i, u [2], cn vitamin (v d vitamin C) th cha nhiu trong cc loi rau v tri cy nh: rau ngt, cn ty, kinh gii, rau ay, thanh tr bi th, i[4] tt c chng u rt tt cho sc khe. Mt s loi vitamin v cht chng oxy ha ph bin nh: vitamin C, tocopherol, lycopene, anthocyanin.Vy! Vitamin v cht chng oxy ha l g? Chng c nhiu u? V chng c nhng cng dng g? tm hiu v v vitamin v cht chng oxy ha chng ti xin trnh by qua bi tiu lun: VITAMIN V CHT CHNG OXY HA (VITAMIN C, TOCOPHEROL, LYCOPENE, ANTHOCYANIN).

CHNG 1: TNG QUAN TI LIU

1.1 Vitamin C1.1.1 nh nghaVitamin C c tn quc t l acid ascobic v l mt trong nhng vi cht cn thit cho c th vi nhiu cng dng: chng oxy ha, l enzim quan trng cho h thng tiu ha, thc y s hnh thnh collagen, nu thiu vitamin C, qu trnh tng hp collagen gp tr ngi, khin cc vt thng lu lnh dn n xut huyt nhiu mc khc nhau (v mao mch, chy mu di da, chy mu li), thnh mch yu l cc hin tng thng thy bnh scobat con ngi.1.1.2 Cng thc cu to

Hnh 1.1: Cu trc phn t ca Vitamin C [12]Cng thc ha hc: C6H8O6.Khi lng phn t: 176,14 g/molNhit nng chy: 190-1920C1.1.3 Ngun gcVitamin C c nhiu trong cc loi rau qu ti nh nc cam, chanh, qut, v c hm lng cao trong rau xanh, c bit l bng ci xanh, tiu, khoai ty, ci brussel,rau ci, c chua, xoong cam, qut, chanh, biTrong thin nhin, vitamin C c trong hu ht cc loi rau qu ti. Thng thng, cc loi rau qu trng ni y nh sng c hm lng vitamin C cao hn. Nu tnh s mg vitamin C c trong 100g rau qu n c (mg/100g) theo Bng thnh phn ha hc thc n Vit Nam (NXB Y hc - 1972) th n c nhiu nht trongrau ngt (185mg/100g), sau lcn ty(150mg/100g),rau mi(140mg/100g),kinh gii (110mg/100g), rau ay(77mg/100g),sp l,rau thm,su ho,rau dip,rau mung... Trong cc loi qu th nhiu nht lthanh tr(177mg/100g), sau l bi (95mg/ 100g),th(81mg/100g),i(62mg/100g),nhn(58mg/100g),u chn (54mg/100g), qut,cam,chanh,vi,da... Hm lng vitamin C trong rau qu phn phi khng u, c nhiu lp v hn rut, l nhiu hn cung v thn rau [3].1.1.4 Lch s pht trin 1928 Albert Szent Gyorgyi chic xut thnh cng Vitamin C bt ngun cho hng lot cc pht hin khc lin quan n Vitamin C trong y hc v sn xut. 1932 Haworth v King lp nn cu trc Vitamin C. 1932 mi quan h gia vitamin C v yu t chng bnh hot huyt c pht hin bi Szent-Gyorgy v cng mt lc bi King v Waugh. 1933 Basle, Reiehstein tng hp acid ascorbic trong t nhin vitamin C. y l bc u tin hng ti sn xut cng nghip vitamin C vo nm 1936.1.1.5 Tnh cht l ha Vitamin C kt tinh khng mu hoc hi vng. Rt d tan trong nc (300g/lt). C khi dng dng mui natri d tan trong nc hn (900g/lt). D trong cng thc cu to khng c nhm COOH nhng vitamin C vn c tnh axit. l do trong phn t c h lin hp p- , - t O ca nhm OH n O ca C=O lm cho H ca nhm OH gn trn C c ni i tr nn rt linh ng, c kh nng tch ra, v th c tnh axit. Mt khc, khi ha tan vo nc, 1 lng nh s b thy phn to thnh axit. nhit phng, axit ascorbic dng khan c mu trng cho n vng nht. N c tnh cht ha hc chung ca cc axit thng thng, c kh nng b oxi ha v b phn hy thnh CO2 v nc 1930C.1.1.6 Cn i vitamin C [4]1.1.6.1 Nhng thay i ca c th khi thiu vitamin CThiu vitamin C gy ra bnh Scorbut. Bnh ny thng gp c ngi ln v tr em.- Ngi ln: vim li, chy mu chn rng; t mu di mng xng, m xut huyt, tng sng ha nang lng. Nu khng iu tr c th t vong do chy mu t hoc do thiu mu cc b c tim.- Tr cn b: thng do ch n nhn to, b chy mu di mng xng, nht l chi di; d chy mu di da; vt thng lu lnh.Cc triu chng ton din ca bnh thiu vitamin C c gi l scurvy - bao gm chy mu nu rng v s i mu da do mch mu. Thiu vitamin C dn n yu chc nng min dch, bao gm c tnh nhy cm vi cm lnh v nhim trng khc, cng c th l du hiu ca thiu vitamin C. K t khi nim mc ng h hp ca chng ta cng ph thuc rt nhiu vo vitamin C bo v, nhim trng ng h hp v iu kin khc lin quan n phi cng c th l triu chng thiu vitamin C.1.1.6.2 Triu chng tha vitamin CHim c trng hp b ng c loi vitamin ny v n c th ho tan trong nc, do nu n hay ung vo qu nhiu vitamin C, c th s t o thi thng qua bi tit ch khng tch t nh mt s loi vitamin khc ch tan trong m (vitamin D chng hn).Du vy, nu dng liu qu cao (nhiu hn 2000mg mi ngy) v trong thi gian qu lu th vn c th ny sinh rc ri. y bn cn lu , hin tng ny ch xy ra vi nhng ngi dng qu liu vitamin C dng thuc ch khng phi t nhinVitamin C tuy t tch lu nhng nu dng liu cao lu ngy, c th to si oxalat (do dehydroascorbic chuyn thnh acid oxalic), hoc si thn urat, c khi c hai loi si trn; i lng, ri lon tiu ha; gim bn hng cu.Dng vitamin C liu cao ko di thai ph gy tng nhu cu bt thng v vitamin C thai (v vitamin C qua rau thai) dn n bnh scorbut sm tr s sinh v c kh nng gy d tt bm sinh tr. Nhng khng nn dng qu 500mg/ngy trnh tc hi do vitamin C liu cao gy nn. V vy khi s dng vitamin C cn lu nhng im sau:- Nu dng liu cao trn 1.000mg/ngy s lm ri lon tiu ha, gy tiu chy, rt d dy, gy hin tng tha st, gim bn hng cu, gim kh nng dit khun ca bch cu, vim bng quang, vim ng tit niu do axit ascorbic.- Nu dng trn 2.000mg/ngy gy mt ng, to si oxalat, c ch bi tit insulin, tng huyt p, tn thng thn do tng tng hp corticoid v catecholamin.- i vi nhiu loi vitamin C di dng vin si, ngoi hm lng 1.000mg vitamin C, cn c 243mg mui n, c hnh thnh sau phn ng si bt, nn khng dng cho ngi suy thn, nhng ngi king n mui (tng huyt p).- Mt s loi vin si C cn cha thm thnh phn mui khong canxi 500mg, nn khng c dng cho ngi b bnh si thn.- Khng c dng tha v s lm hp thu tha st gy hi, ng thi lm gim hp thu ng, niken lm cho xng chm pht trin, d bin dng.- Dng vitamin C thng xuyn c th lm c th quen (nh ung vin si, ngm ko vitamin C...) khi khng dng s cm thy mt mi.V nhng l do trn khng nn coi vitamin C l mt thuc b dng khng gii hn, c bit l tr em v ph n mang thai. Nhng trng hp cn thit dng liu cao phi do thy thuc ch nh v ch dng trong thi gian ngn.Cui cng, vitamin C c th lm tng s hp th ca mt ngi bng st t thc n thc vt; v nhng ngi c vn sc khe lin quan ti st min ph d tha trong cc t bo ca h c th mun xem xt vic trnh b sung liu cao vitamin C. iu quan trng l hy nh rng tt c cc trn cc vn lin quan n c tnh lin quan n vitamin C di dng b sung, khng phi v n t nhin xy ra trong thc phm.Khc phc tnh trng thiu, tha vitamin C th nn b sung cc loi rau, tri cy trong ngun thc phm n vo hng ngy. Bn cnh vic y chnh l ngun cung cp cht x tuyt vi v hm lng calo thp, cng l mt cch bn d dng p ng nhu cu vitamin C cho c th. Theo mt nghin cu ca Canada cho thy, vic cung cp 40mg vitamin C t thin nhin lm giam nguy c ung th d dy, 10mg lm gim nguy c mc bnh scorbut m trong 1000mg vitamin C tng hp mi ngy khng th c c.1.1.7 Cng dng [19] Thc y s hnh thnh collagenKhi thiu vitamin C, qu trnh tng hp collagen gp tr ngi, khin cc vt thng lu lnh dn n xut huyt nhiu mc khc nhau (v mao mch, chy mu di da, chy mu li), thnh mch yu l cc hin tng thng thy bnh scobat. Cht kch hot enzymeVitamin C c th bo v vitamin A, vitamin E, v cc axit bo thit yu khi b tiu hu; lm cho st c trong thc n c duy tr trong trng thi hon nguyn, thc y s hp th v chuyn dch tn tr st trong c th. Lm cho can-xi trong thnh rut khng b kt ta, gip ci thin t l hp th can-xi vo c th. Tham gia phn ng hydroxyt ca cholesterol thnh axit cholic, c hiu qu nht nh trong iu tr thiu hng cu. Tham gia qu trnh chuyn ha cholesterolGip 80% cholesterol chuyn ha thnh sulfat tan trong nc bi tit khi c th, gim hm lng cholesterol trong mu; loi b cholesterol tch t trong ng mch; gia tng cc thnh phn c ch ca mu nh lipoprotein, c ngha quan trng trong phng chng x va ng mch. Tham gia qu trnh bi tit cht c khi c thTip tc -xy ha thnh glutathione (diketo golunat) cng vi cht c trong c th b bi tit ra ngoi. Phng chng ung thVic gim vitamin C trong ng tiu ha ngn chn s hnh thnh nitrosamines, c hiu qu ngn nga s xut hin ca cc khi u ng tiu ha; ngoi ra vitamin C cn tham gia trong tng hp collagen, gip cc t bo k duy tr cu trc bnh thng, lm gim qu trnh pht trin ca t bo ung th. Chng cm lnhVitamin C c th ci thin kh nng khng bnh ca cc t bo min dch v tng cng min dch ca c th v min dch humoral, loi b cc yu t gy bnh, gi h h hp c bo ton. Khi thiu n, biu m t bo khng bnh kh qun v ph qun b gim xung. Cc th nghim cho thy, ung 1.000 mg vitamin C mi ngy c th gim 50% nguy c b cm lnh v gim 23% cc triu chng cm cm. Bo v da, chng np nhnVitamin C l cht kch hot enzyme, c th gia tng s hot ng ca mt s kim loi, gip da chng li cc gc t do sinh ra bi tia cc tm, trnh s xut hin ca tn nhang, thc y s trao i cht, gp phn ngn nga lo ha da.1.2 Tocopherol1.2.1 nh nghaTocopherol l mt nguyn t ha hc t nhin c tm thy trong nhiu loi thc phm. N thng c gi l vitamin E. Hnh thc ph bin nht ca nguyn t ny c gi alpha-tocopherol [14]. 1.2.2 Cng thc cu to

Hnh 1.2: Cng thc cu to ca tocopherol [13]Cng thc phn t: C29H50O2Khi lng phn t: 430,381 Dalton1.2.3 Ngun gcMt s loi thc phm c ngun gc t nhin cung cp cho hu ht cc tocopherol cn thit trong ch n hng ngy. Di y l mt trong nhng la chn hng u cho vic tiu th cc thc phm cha hm lng tocopherol cao cho mi ngy [13],[15].- Mm la m (215,4mg/100g).- Du thc vt: du liu v du ht hng dng cha rt nhiu vitamin E.- Cc loi ht: hnh nhn (26,2mg/100g), ht d (1,2mg/100g)- Rau c: mng ty (1,5mg/100g), c chua (0,9mg/100g), c rt (0,6mg/100g)- Sa d (0,1mg/100g).- Thc phm chc nng cha vitamin E.1.2.4 Lch s pht hin1922, Herbert McLean Evans trong khi ang th nghim trn c th chut, a ra kt lun rng bn cnh vitamin B v C, c mt vitamin tn ti cha c bit n. n nm 1936, cc cht c phn lp t mm la m v cng thc C29H50O2c xc nh. Evans cng nhn thy rng cc hp cht phn ng nh mtruv kt lun rng mt trong nhng nguyn t c oxy l mt phn ca mt nhm hydroxyl (-OH). Vitamin c t tn bi Evans t ting Hy Lp c ngha l "sinh sn" vi vic b sung vn -ol nh cn, n c t tn l "tocopherol". [13]1938, E. Fenholz cng b tm ra cng thc ha hc ca vitamin E. Trong cng nm P. Karrer tng hp thnh cng -tocopherol trong phng th nghim.1950 tin hnh nghin cu ng dng ca vitamin E trong vic iu tr.1958, D Harmann cng b 8 trng thi tn ti ca vitamin E (bao gm 4 hp cht tocopherol v 4 hp cht tocotrienol).1.2.5 Tnh cht l ha [13]1.2.5.1 Tnh cht vt l nhit thng cc tocopherol l nhng cht lng, khng mu, c nht, tan tt trong cht bo, etanol, ete, du ha.Khi lng phn t l 430,69 g/mol, khi lng ring 0,05g/cm3 .

-tocopherol c th kt tinh chm thnh cc tinh th hnh kim c = 2,5-3,50C trong dung mi metanol nhit thp < 350C.a s cc tocopherol bn vi nhit , gii hn bi nhit ln n 1700C.Nhy cm vi nh sng, d dng b phn hy khi b chiu sng trc tip. Do ch c th bo qun vitamin E trong chai l y kn.1.2.5.2 Tnh cht ha hcPhn t tocopherol c 3C* nn c cc ng phn quang hot khc nhau dn n cc c tnh sinh hc, kh nng phn ng, tc phn ng khc nhau.Tnh cht ha hc c trng v quan trong nht ca tocopherol l kh nng b oxy ha bi cc cht chng oxy ha nh FeCl3 hoc acid nitric. Phn ng to thnh nhiu sn phm trong quan trng nht l -tocopheryquinon.Thu dn cc gc t do theo phn ng sau:

Hnh 1.3: Phn ng ca tocopherol vi gc t doCc tocopheryl ny sau b oxy ha tan trong nc kh tr li thnh tocopherol ha tan trong t bo.1.2.6 Cng dngVitamin E cn c b sung thng xuyn, v n khng c lu tr trong gan cng mt cch nh l vitamin A, B v D. C rt nhiu cng dng t vic s dng vitamin E nh [16]:- Gip trung ha cc gc t do peroxynitrite, v n lm chm s tng trng ca khi u c tnh.- Ngn nga ng mu v bo v h thn kinh.- Ngn cn qu trnh oxy ha ca mng t bo v bo v vng mc chng li s thoi ha m.- Lm gim nguy c c thy tinh th ng k.- Tng cng kh nng nhn thc ca nhng ngi b nh hng bibnh Alzheimerhoc thm ch mt tr nh.- ng vai tr quan trng trong chuyn ha nucleid, protein, chc nng phn bo v sn xut hormone. [17]- Tham gia vn chuyn electron trong cc phn ng oxy ha kh trong c th.- Cn thit cho s sinh sn bnh thng, thiu ht vitamin E c th gy ra nhng tc ng khng tt i vi h sinh sn.- Gip bo v da, lu thng mu huyt tt hn. 1.3 Lycopene1.3.1 nh nghaLycopene l mt thnh phn thuc nhm carotenoid, l mt sc t cn thit chng li s oxy ha ca c th c cha nhiu trong cc loi tri cy v rau c c mu .1.3.2 Cng thc cu toV cng thc ca lycopene l mt chui di cu trc phn t, gm c 13 ni i, nhiu hn tt c cc carotenoids khc. V hnh dng vi nhiu ni i nh th, lycopene c kim nghim l rt hu hiu trong vic ngn chn mt cch rt c hiu qu cc gc t do v cc oxygen n trong c th ca con ngi. Gc t do l mt phn t hay nguyn t no c mt hoc nhiu in t khng cp i, v nhng nguyn t thiu rt d phn ng rt mnh, v kt qu l gy nn nhiu h hi cho cc mng t bo mng manh ca cc phn t xung quanh trong c th con ngi [20].

Hnh 1.4: Cu trc phn t ca lycopene [11] Cng thc phn t: C40H56 Khi lng phn t: 536,88 dalton1.3.3 Ngun gcLycopene cha nhiu trong cc loi tri cy v rau c c mu . Cc loi thc phm cha nhiu lycopene nh: gc, c chua, u , xoi, i

Hnh 1.5: Mi loi tri cy v rau qu c hm lng lycopene cao nht (g/100g nguyn liu) [2], [21]1.3.4 Lch s pht hin- Lycopene khng c bit n trong nhiu thp k v thiu cc tin vitamin A hot ng, t lu c cho l im phn bit gia cc carotenoid. n nm 1960, trong mt nghin cu trng hp u tin c ghi l lycopenemia, mt s tch ly ca lycopene trong cc m c th, c trnh by nh sau:Cho n nay t ai c bit n. Lycopene l mt cht khng c hi v c li, nhng ch l mt s c mt ngu nhin trong c th. Vic n khng th to thnh vitamin A c th gii thch c v sao chng tch t trong gan. [22].- Nm 1873, Hartsen ln u tin chit xut c kt tinh lycopene t tri du ty, n c mu sm [10].1.3.5 Tnh cht l haLycopene tinh th, khi lng phn t 536,88 dalton, c nng chy 1670C khng c tc dng ln nh sng phn cc, pha thnh di dung dch 1mg trong 1 lt cacbonsunfua, cho 2 di hp th quang: mt di gia 4,990 v 5,180 , mt di gia 5,406 v 5,544 (tinh th tan trong cacbonsunfua cho dung dch mu mu). Trong clorofor v ete du ha cho dung dch mu vng . Trong benzen cho dung dch mu vng cam, trong cn etylic cho dung dch mu vng, trong acid sunfuric c cho mu xanh chm phn ng vi thuc th carr v Pirice (Stibum Clorur) [10].1.3.6 Cng dngNghin cu nhng nm gn y cho thy lycopene c rt nhiu cng dng [18]:- Chng oxi ha rt mnh. C tc dng ngn chn s pht sinh ca nhng vt cht gy ung th, gim nguy c mc cc bnh nh ung th tuyn ty, ung th tin lit tuyn, ung th bng quang, ung th ng tiu ha.- Bo v c cc phn t sinh hc ca t bo nh: lipid, lipoprotein, protein v AND, lm chng khng b tn hi do s tn cng ca cc gc t do.- Lm sch trong huyt qun, gip gim thiu oxi ha lipoproteins t trng thp (LDL).- Phng chng cc bnh v tim mch, bo v tim, phng chng v h tr iu tr cc bnh m mu v cholesterol cao, lm chm qu trnh pht trin bnh v tim mch.- Lm c ch v thanh lc cc gc t do mt cch hiu qu, chng li cc tia bc x v tia t ngoi t bn ngoi, n hnh thnh mt lp bo v t nhin trn b mt da, bo v da trnh khi nhng tn hi t bn ngoi. - Gii phng in t trung ha cc gc t do, do c tc dng chng lo ha.- Cha nhng tn thng trong cu trc AND do cht c dioxin gy ra.1.4 Anthocyanin1.4.1 nh nghaAnthocyanin l hp cht mu hu c t nhin tan trong nc ln nht trong gii thc vt. Thut ng anthocyanin bt ngun t ting Hy Lp, trong anthocyanin l s kt hp gia Anthos- ngha l hoa v Kysanesos ngha l mu xanh. Tuy nhin anhthocyanin trong thc vt cn c nhiu mu sc sc s khc nh mu hng, , cam v cc gam mu trung gian. Cc anthocyanin khi mt ht nhm ng c gi l anthocyanidin hay aglycon. Mi anthocyanidin c th b glycosyl ha acylate bi cc loi ng v cc acid khc ti cc v tr khc nhau. V th lng anthocyanin ln hn anthocyanidin t 15-20 ln. [8]1.4.2 Cng thc cu toHn 500 anthocyanin khc nhau c phn lp t thc vt. Tt c chng u da trn mt cu trc ct li c bn duy nht, cc ion flavyllium.

Hnh 1.6: Ion flavylium, cu trc c bn ca anthocyaninNh th hin trong hnh 1.6, c 7 nhm ph khc nhau trn ion flavylium. Cc nhm ph c th l mt nguyn t hydro, mt hydroxit hay mt nhm methoxy. S kt hp thng gp nht ca cc nhm ph v tn ca chng c th hin trong bng 1:Bng 1: Cc cu to chnh ca anthocyanidins. R1-R7 l nhm ph c th hin trong hnh 1.6. [5]AnthocyanidinR1R2R3R4R5R6R7Mu chnhS E

Apigeninidin-H-OH-H-H-OH-H-OHcam

Aurantinidin-H-OH-H-OH-OH-OH-OHcam

Capensinidin-OCH3-OH-OCH3-OH-OCH3-H-OHxanh

Cyanidin-OH-OH-H-OH-OH-H-OHmau o smE163a

Delphinidin-OH-OH-OH-OH-OH-H-OHmu tm, mu xanhE163b

Europinidin-OCH3-OH-OH-OH-OCH3-H-OHmu hi xanh

Hirsutidin-OCH3-OH-OCH3-OH-OH-H-OCH3xanh

Luteolinidin-OH-OH-H-H-OH-H-OHcam

Pelargonidin-H-OH-H-OH-OH-H-OHcamE163d

Malvidin-OCH3-OH-OCH3-OH-OH-H-OHmu tmE163c

Peonidin-OCH3-OH-H-OH-OH-H-OHmau o smE163e

Petunidin-OH-OH-OCH3-OH-OH-H-OHmu tmE163f

Pulchellidin-OH-OH-OH-OH-OCH3-H-OHxanh

Rosinidin-OCH3-OH-H-OH-OH-H-OCH3o

Triacetidin-OH-OH-OH-H-OH-H-OHo

1.4.3 Ngun gcCc loi rau c: C tm, bp ci tm, khoai lang tm, khoai ty tm...Cc loi tri cy: Nho, mn, du ty, mm xi, vit qut, sim, sung...Tho mc: Cy oi hng, rau qu tm...Bng 2: Hm lng anthocyanin trong mt s loi thc phm [6],[7]Thc phmHm lng anthocyanin(mg/100 g nguyn liu)

C tm 750

Nho en130-400

Blackberry83-326

Vit qut25-497

Du ty350-400

Chokeberry200-1000

Nham l60-200

Cm chy450

Cam~ 200

Cu cai11-60

Mm xi10-60

Nho 80-420

Nho 30-750

Hnh ty 7-21

Ru vang 24-35

Du15-35

1.4.4 Lch s pht hinT anthocyanin c Marquart (ngi Hy Lp) a ra nm 1895 ch sc t mu xanh ca cy Centaurea cyanus. T anthocyanin do ch anthos: hoa, kyanos: xanh, v sau c dng ch cc sc t thuc nhm flavanoid c mu xanh, hoc tm, chng thng xut hin trong tri cy, rau c, hoa v tho mc.1.4.5 Tnh cht l haAnthocyanin tinh khit dng tinh th hoc v nh hnh, hp cht kh phn cc, ha tan tt trong nc v trong dch bo ha. V c bit, l khi kt hp vi ng th anthocyanin ha tan tt hn.Mu ca anthocyanin thay i ph thc vo nhit , cc cht mu v nhiu yu t khc,... mu xanh cng m khi s nhm OH trong vng benzen cng nhiu.Mu sc ca anthocyanin cng ph thuc rt ln vo pH ca mi trng: Khi pH > 7 th anthocyanin c mu xanh v pH < 7 th c mu . pH = 1 cc anthocyanin thng dnh mui oxonium mu cam n . pH = 4 n 5 c th chuyn v dng baz Cacbinol hay baz Chalcon khng mu. pH = 7 n 8 li v dng Quinoidal Anhydro mu xanh.1.4.6 Cng dng- c s dng lm mu trong thc phm, to nn nhiu sn phm c mu sc bt mt v tt cho sc khe ngi tiu dng.- Athocyanin l mt hp cht chot tnh sinh hc qu.- Kh nng chng oxy ha cao nn c s dng chng lo ha, hoc chng oxy ha cc sn phm thc phm, chng vim, chn cc tia phng x,...- Hn ch s suy gim sc khng, s pht trin ca cc t bo ung th.- Ngoi ra, anthocyanin c vai tr thu ht cn trng gi cho s th phn ca cy din ra tt hn.

CHNG 2: QUY TRNH SN XUT

2.1 Vitamin CSn xutvitaminCc thc hin theo nhiu phng php khc nhau. Trong , c th k n 2 phng php sau:

Hnh 2.1: Quy trnh sn xut vitamin CTrong bcu tin cacqu trnhReichsteintruyn thngvqu trnh ln menhai giai onmi,sorbitolb oxy hathnhsorbosebng cch ln men. (Sorbitol c thc to thnhbng cch gimGlucose nhit cao).

Hnh 2.2: S h thng sn xut vitamin C2.2 TocopherolQuy trnh cng ngh thu nhn vitamin E t cn kh mi du u tng [3]

2.3 LycopeneQuy trnh sn xut bt c chua c hm lng lycopene cao [9]

C chua quPhn loiChnRa schLm nguiNghin, chng tiPhi chSy phun

2.4 AnthocyaninQuy trnh trch ly v tinh ch Anthocyanin t go np than [8]

Go (50g)NgmDung mi ngm (18:85) 100mlLc, raTrn cc phn trchCho qua dng kh CO2Ly dch trch thQua ct nha trao i ionRa vi acid 5% (50ml)Acid 5% (50ml)Dung mi ngm (18:85) 100ml (t nht 3 ngy nhit phng)Ra vi C2H5OHCho qua dng CO2Dch tinh khit

CHNG 3: NG DNG

3.1 Vitamin CMt s sn phm t vitamin C:

Vin ung trng da Vita Treal Vin nn vitamin C vitamin C Jyou KK 2000

Ko do cha vitamin C Nc gii kht cha vitamin C

3.2 TocopherolMt s sn phm t Tocopherol: NATURAL VITAMIN E 400 iu Vitamin E dng vin nhng

Vitamin E 400 thin nhin Tinh du Vitamin E Nguyn cht

3.3 LycopeneMt s sn phm t lycopene:

Thc phm chc nng cha lycopene Du gi b sung lycopene Lycopene dng vin nhng Kem dng da b sung lycopene

3.4 AnthocyaninAnthocyanin ch yu c s dng nhum mu cho thc phm. Mt s sn phm cha nhiu anthocyanin nh:

Thc phm chc nng cha Go huyt rng Anthocyanin t qu Vit Qut

CHNG 4: KT LUN V NGH

4.1 Kt lunCc cht chng oxy ha (vitamin C, tocopherol, lycopene, anthocyanin) c nhng cng dng ht sc cn thit i vi cuc sng ca chng ta.Cn b sung cc chng oxy ha cn thit trn vo trong thc phm cung cp thm cho c th nhng dng cht cn thit chng s lo ha.La chn cc loi thc phm c cha cc cht chng oxy ha c li nh trn s dng hng ngy.4.2 nghMong gio vin hng dn gp v ni dung ca bi v b sung mt s kin thc mi chng em c th hon thnh tt hn cho bi tiu lun. Chng em xin chn thnh cm n.

TI LIU THAM KHO

1. ThS. L Hng Phng, 2014. Vitamins v tc dng chng oxy ha, B mn Cng Ngh Ha Hc, trng H Nng Lm TP. HCM.2. PGS. TS. Nguyn Cng Khn, PGS. TS. Nguyn Th Lm, PGS. TS. H Th Anh o, ThS. L Hng Dng, TS. L Bch Mai, KS. Nguyn Vn S, 2007. Bng thnh phn thc phm Vit Nam (Vietnamese food composition table). Nh xut bn Y hc, 567 trang.3. Bi Th Bch Ngc, L Ngc Trm, V c Chin, Bi Quang Thut, 2013. Nghin cu thu nhn vitamin E t cn kh mi ca qu trnh tinh ch du u tng. Vin Cng nghip thc phm. Trang 1160.4. Hong Th Ngc Linh, 2013. VITAMIN C, Cng Ngh Thc Phm.5. Lauro, G.J. and Francis, F. J. (Eds), 2000. Natural Food colours, Science and technology. IFT Basic Symposium Series 14, Marcel Dekker. 6. Delgado-Vargas, F. and Paredes-Lpez, O. (Eds), 2003. Natural colorants for food and nutraceutical uses. CRC Press.7. Hendry, G.A.F. and Houghton, J.D. 1996. Natural food colorants, 2 nd edition, Blackie Academic Press.8. Hunh Th Thanh Tuyn, Trn Th Xun Hng, 2011. N MN HC ANTHOCYANIN V NHNG NGUYN LIU CHA ANTHOCYANIN, B mn Cng Ngh Thc Phm, trng H K Thut Cng Ngh TP. HCM, trang 8.9. Phm Khnh Dung, 2010. Nghin cu xy dng quy trnh cng ngh sn xut bt c chua c hm lng lycopene cao. 10. V Trung Ngha, Lycopene, Khoa K Thut Ha Hc, Trng H Bch Khoa TP. HCM.

11. LYCOPENE AND HUMAN HEALTH, LYCOCARD, April 2014.

12. Chad Bjorklund, Ingredients Vitamin C Tablets, LIVESTRONGSM.COM, October 2010.

13. Tocopherol, WIKIPEDIA, January 2014.< URL: http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tocopherol>14. What is Tocopherol?, FITDAY.

15. 6 Foods Tocopherol is Found in, FITDAY.

16. Tocopherol in Vitamin E Supplements, FITDAY.

17. Vitamin tan trong cht bo, khoa K Thut Ha Hc, trng H Bch Khoa TP. HCM.

18. Lycopene, HSIEHS BIOTECH, 2009.

19. People, Nhng tc dng quan trng ca vitamin C, Kinhdoanhdacap, thng 11 nm 2014.

20. Bi Th Trng, Lycopene trong c chua l g v li ch ra sao?.

21. Top 10 Foods Highest in Lycopene, Health Alicious Ness, April 2012.

22. Lycopene, Penington Nutrition Series, 2005.

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