VIN CNG NGH SINH HC V THC PHM B MN NG BNH KO BO CO THC HNH BNH COOKIES NG TIN GVHD: Th.s H Xun Hng T 3 nhm 4 Lp: HTP3 Tp H Ch Minh, thng 4 nm 2010 Bo co thc hnh ng bnh ko GVHD: Th.s H Xun Hng T 3 nhm 4 HTP3 2 honthnhcbibocotemnhncsgipchnthnh nhit tnh ca cc thy c v nh trng. Chng em xin gi li cm n chn thnh n trng i hc Cng Nghip TPHCM to dng c mt mi trng lm vic hc tp thun li cho cng vic ging dy v hc tp ca ging vin, sinh vin nh trng. Cm n cc thy v ca Vin cng ngh Sinh hc v Thc phm trang b cho chng emnhngkinthcqubuvbchvbmncngnghchbinvboqun nng sn cng nh nhiumn chuyn ngnhv c s ngnhkhc,v c bit l cm n c H Xun Hng trc tip hng dn chng em c th hon thnh c bi bocony,ngoirachngemcngxincmnthvintrngihcCng NghipTPHCM,cbitlphngaphngtintoiukinthunlitrong cngvictmkimtliulmbi,thvincungcpmththngtiliubch gipchngemlmvicchiuquhnvgiiquytcnhngkhkhn,btc trongqutrnhlmbi.Chngemcnggilicmnnccbnsinhvinlp HTP3 c nhng kin ng gp qu gi cho em trong qu trnh lm bi. Xin cm n v trn trng knh cho. T thc hin

Bo co thc hnh ng bnh ko GVHD: Th.s H Xun Hng T 3 nhm 4 HTP3 3 DANH SCH T H v tnMSSV Nguyn Trung Nhn07716371 Nguyn Ngc Anh Th07710491 Nguyn Th Thu Trang07703651 Nguyn Thanh Trc07705471 Nguyn Th Vn Tuyn07701901 Bo co thc hnh ng bnh ko GVHD: Th.s H Xun Hng T 3 nhm 4 HTP3 4 MC LC MC LC Trang LI M U .............................................................................................................. 7 BNH COOKIES NG TIN .................................................................................. 8 1.Tng quan v bnh cookies ng tin .................................................................... 8 1.1.Lch s bnh cookies ....................................................................................... 8 1.2.Phn loi ......................................................................................................... 8 1.3.c im tnh cht........................................................................................... 9 1.4.Phng php lm n ........................................................................................ 9 1.5.Phng php to hnh .................................................................................... 10 2.Th trng bnh cookies ...................................................................................... 11 3.Nguyn liu ......................................................................................................... 15 3.1.Bt m ........................................................................................................... 15 3.2.Lng trng trng............................................................................................ 20 3.3.ng ........................................................................................................... 21 3.4.B ................................................................................................................. 21 3.5.Shortening ..................................................................................................... 22 3.6.Thuc n ....................................................................................................... 22 4.Mt s quy trnh bnh cookies ng tin hin nay ................................................ 23 4.1.Quy trnh 1 .................................................................................................... 23 4.2.Quy trnh 2 .................................................................................................... 24 4.3.Quy trnh 3 .................................................................................................... 26 5.S qui trnh dng trong th nghim .................................................................. 27 5.1.Thuyt minh qui trnh .................................................................................... 28 Bo co thc hnh ng bnh ko GVHD: Th.s H Xun Hng T 3 nhm 4 HTP3 5 6.B tr th nghim .................................................................................................. 34 6.1.Mc ch th nghim...................................................................................... 34 6.2.a im v thi gian nghin cu .................................................................. 34 6.3.Vt liu v phng php nghin cu ............................................................. 35 6.3.1.1.Nguyn liu ...................................................................................... 35 6.3.1.2.Thit b ............................................................................................. 36 6.4.Phng php nghin cu ............................................................................... 36 6.4.1.Phng php xc nh hm lng, cht lng gluten .............................. 36 6.4.2.Phng php phn tch m bt nho................................................... 39 7.Tin hnh th nghim ........................................................................................... 40 7.1.Tin hnh lm bnh theo qui trnh sn c, nhn xt cm quan ....................... 40 7.2.Hm lng v cht lng gluten .................................................................... 40 7.3.Phn tch m ca bt nho, lin h vi qu trnh to hnh, nhn xt s ph hp ca m bt nho vi phng php to hnh s dng ................................ 40 7.4.Thay i bt s 8 bng bt s 11 ................................................................... 40 7.5.Kho st loi v lng bt n ........................................................................ 40 7.6.Kho st loi v lng cht bo ..................................................................... 41 7.7.Kho st hm lng cht nh ha .................................................................. 41 7.8.Kho st nhit nng v thi gian nng tng ng vi nhit nng .. 41 7.9.Thay lng trng trng bng bt lng trng trng ........................................... 42 8.Kt qu-Thc nghim .......................................................................................... 42 8.1.Hm lng v cht lng gluten .................................................................... 42 8.2.Phn tch m ca bt nho, lin h vi qu trnh to hnh, nhn xt s ph hp ca m bt nho vi phng php to hnh s dng ................................ 44 Bo co thc hnh ng bnh ko GVHD: Th.s H Xun Hng T 3 nhm 4 HTP3 6 8.3.Thay i bt s 8 bng bt s 11 ................................................................... 45 8.4.Kho st loi v lng bt n ........................................................................ 46 8.5.Kho st loi v lng cht bo ..................................................................... 48 8.6.Kho st hm lng cht nh ha .................................................................. 50 8.7.Kho st nhit nng v thi gian nng tng ng vi nhit nng .. 51 8.8.Thay lng trng trng bng bt lng trng trng ........................................... 52 9.Kt qu-Kin ngh ................................................................................................ 54 9.1.Quy trnh ti u ............................................................................................. 54 9.2.Tnh cn bng vt cht ................................................................................... 55 PH LC................................................................................................................... 57 CC BC LM BNH COOKIES ..................................................................... 57 TI LIU THAM KHO .......................................................................................... 62 Bo co thc hnh ng bnh ko GVHD: Th.s H Xun Hng T 3 nhm 4 HTP3 7 LI M U Bnh l loi thc phm rt ph bin trong i sng hngngy, cung cp nhiu nng lng, dng cht. Ngnh cng ngh sn xut bnh l mt ngh xut hin rt lu i vi rt a dng, nhiu chng loi. Nu ni n bnh kh trn th gii th ta c cc loi bnh chnh sau: craker, biscuit, cookie, cakea dng v chng loi,cng ngh, mang ligi trkinh t ngk, nhm p ng nhng nhu cu ngi tiu dng c th pht trin bn vng trn th trng. Bnh cookies ng tin l mt loi bnh trong dng bnh cookies, bnh c cu trc xp gin, thm ngon v tng i d thc hin ti gia nh, bnh mang li gi tr dinh dng cao. Bnh cookies ng tinlm phong ph thm khu v ca ngi tiu dng.Donhngcimtrncabnhnhmchngemtinhnhlmbnhtrn quy m phng th nghim a ra mt cng thc ti u sn xut bnh cookies ng tin. Dcgngnhngtrongbibocothchnhkhngthtrnhkhicc hn ch, mong c v cc bn thng cm v ng gp kin. Nhm thc hin Bo co thc hnh ng bnh ko GVHD: Th.s H Xun Hng T 3 nhm 4 HTP3 8 BNH COOKIES NG TIN 1.Tng quan v bnh cookies ng tin Bnhcookiesthucdngbnhkh,chmmthpt25%,cbaogiv thi gian s dng di t 2 thng n vi nm. 1.1.Lch s bnh cookies Bnhcookiesutinclmraldomtvicngunhin,nhlmtth nghim.Ccubpdngmttbtnholmbnhkimtranhitcabpl trckhilmbnhln.Nhngcibnhnhdngthchnhlbnhcookies c gi l koekje, n c ngha l little cake trong ting H Lan, c lm t bt nho. Ti M, cookie c m t nh l mt loi bnh mng, ngt v thng l nh. Theonhngha,bnhcookiecthrtadng,datrnbtbnhngt,hocl ginhaymm.Miqucgiacmttringcamnhchodngchobnhcookies. Bnh cookies c gi l biscuits Anh v c, v Ty Ban Nha l galleta, c gi chng l keks, v ti c nhiu tn ch cc dng khc nhau ca cookies bao gm amaretti v biscotti.. BnhcookiesutinccholbtnguntBaTn(naylIran),mttrong nhng nc u tin tinh luyn ng. bnh rt ni ting trong ch Ba T.T cookies bt ngun t t keokje H Lan v u tin c lan truyn n M. V n Anh trong th k 19, chng c dng kt hp trong cc bui ung tr v c gi l biscuits hay l bnh ngt nh Scotland. C hng trm cng thc lm cookies M. Nhng khng c mt cun sch no c th lu tr cc cng thc lm cho tt c cc loi cookies. [18], [19] 1.2.Phn loi C th phn loi bnh cookies theo cc thnh phn mang tnh c trng nh sau: Cookies hnh nhn Cookies tri cy Hoc cookies chocolateC nhiu loi cookies mi rt ngon cng ang ngy cng pht trin. [19] Bo co thc hnh ng bnh ko GVHD: Th.s H Xun Hng T 3 nhm 4 HTP3 9 1.3.c im tnh cht Nguyn liu: hm lng ng v cht bo rt cao c im bt nho: s to khung gluten b hn ch mt cch ti a, bt rt mm do bt gn nh khng pht trin. To hnh: do bt nho v chy nn phi to hnh bng phng php n nn. Cutrcsnphm:mmhocmmxp,bnhcookiesngtinccutrc gin, xp. [2] 1.4.Phng php lm n C ba phng php lm n:Lm n bng phng php sinh hc Lm n bng phng php ha hc Lm n bng phng php c hc Bnh cookies ng tin c lm n bng phng php ha hc [2] Phng php lm n ha hc [2] Tc nhn lm n: l nhng cht ha hc c kh nng lm n gi l bt n. Bn cht: l s to kh ca bt n, bt khai trong qu trnh gia nhit lm n xp bnh.Bt n ( bt ni ) Baking soda Thnh phn: bicarbonate ca soda hay sodium bicarbonat NaHCO3 800C-- NaCO3 + CO2 + H2O Baking power Thnh phn: baking soda, mui acid v cht nn nh tinh bt C hai loi: loi n v loi kp Loi n: c mt acid, acid ny c th phn ng nhanh vi baking soda v gii phng ra mt lng ln CO2. Loi i: gm hai mui, trong mui acid lm cho qu trnh to kh din ra t t trong sut qu trnh nng, s to kh din ra trong thi gian di. Bo co thc hnh ng bnh ko GVHD: Th.s H Xun Hng T 3 nhm 4 HTP3 10 NaHCO3 + HX NaX + CO2 + H2O Cc dng acide thng dng -MCP ( monocalcium phosphate ) -SAPP ( sodium acide pyrophosphate ) -SALP ( sodium aluminum phosphate ) Nu khng c mui acid th qu trnh to kh nhanh chng, th tch kh tng ln t ngt lm nt bnh. Bt khai Thnh phn: amonium bicarbonate (NH4)2CO3 (NH4)2CO3 600C-- NH3 + CO2 + H2O u im: tt c cc loi bt u p dng phng php ha hc c, hiu qu cao. Nhcim:cthtoramikhaikhchu.Khngsdng(NH4)2CO3. Khngdng(NH4)2 CO3ivisnphmsnphmnhtcaovhmmcaov NH3 khng thot ra ngoi c. Khng s dng NaHCO3 > 1.5%v c tnh bazo lm tng pH, gy cm gic kh chu. Loi bt n s dng ty theo yu cu ca bnh, cu trc bt nho. Ta phi bit cch la chn li bt n cho thch hp. Thng s dng kt hp nhiu loi thuc n lm tng u im v gim khuyt im ca cc loi thuc n. Bnhcookieskhnglmnbngphngphpsinhhocv:bnhcng nhiu to ra p sut thm thu lm nm me khng pht trin c. Cht bo nhiu nn to nn mng bao, bao ly nm men lm nm men khng th ly thc n c. Bnh cookies khng s dng phng php lm n c hc v: phng php ny rt kn bt. Bt nho lm bnh cookies nho nn khng th cn to lp c. 1.5.Phng php to hnh Cc phng php to hnh -Cn phn tm v ct -Phng php p quay Bo co thc hnh ng bnh ko GVHD: Th.s H Xun Hng T 3 nhm 4 HTP3 11 -Phng php n -Phng php rt ivibnhcookiesngtinthdngphngphpnvbtnhoc nht cao, khung gluten km pht trin, khng c v c s dnh khun. 2.Th trng bnh cookies Cnggingnhccngnhcngnghipchbinthcphm,ncgiikht.., ngnh cng nghip ch bin bnh ko Vit Nam c mt qu trnh pht trin lu di. T vic sn xut bnh ko truyn thng bng th cng, n nay c nc c khong 30 n v sn xut bnh ko cng nghip c quy m ln, c trang b cng ngh hin ickhnngsnxutccsnphmcchtlngcaotngngviccsn phm bnh ko ca cc nc trong khu vc. Tng gi tr th trng bnh ko Vit Nam hinnaykhong3.800tng,trongccnvtrongncchim70%thphn, 30% th phn cn li l nhp khu t Trung Quc, Thi Lan, Indonesia, Hng Kng v Malaysia... Chim lnh trnth trngv dng sn phmcookie hin nay c th c bit n l cng ty Kinh . Cng ty ang sn xut 7 nhm sn phm: bnh cookies, bnh crackers, bnh qu, bnh snack, bnh trung thu, bnh m cng nghip, ko cng, mm v chocolate. Trong bnh crackers l sn phm ch lc ca Cng ty, chim 52% th phn bnh crackers trong nc. Sn phm bnh crackers ca Cng ty c xut i nhiu nc trong c c th trng M. Kn l bnh cookies ca Cng ty chim ti 45% th phn bnh cookies trn th trng trong nc. Tip theo l bnh trung thu, tuylmthngctnhchtthivnhngdoanhthutbnhtrungthulichimti 15% tng doanh thu ca Cty v Kinh l nhn hiu chim v tr s mt v sn lng, doanh s v cng ngh. Bo co thc hnh ng bnh ko GVHD: Th.s H Xun Hng T 3 nhm 4 HTP3 12 Bng:doanhthuvlinhuncaCTCPKinhtheotngnhmsnphm trong hai nm 2003 v 2004 [9] n v: triu ng K n c th k l cng ty Bibica hin chim khong 7%-8% th phn bnh ko cncvitngdoanhthunm2000l187,26tng.SnphmcaCngtych yu tiu th trong nc (chim 96%-97% tng doanh thu) cn doanh thu t xut khu ch chimkhong 3%-4% tng doanh thuvi sn phm xutkhu ch yu l ccsn phm nha Theo c tnh ca Cng ty T chcv iu phi IBA (GHM), sn lng bnh kotiVitNamnm2008vokhong476.000tn,nnm2012stkhong 706.000 tn; tng gi tr bn l bnh ko th trng Vit Nam nm 2008 khong 674 triu USD, nm 2012 s l 1.446 triu USD. Bo co thc hnh ng bnh ko GVHD: Th.s H Xun Hng T 3 nhm 4 HTP3 13 Thtrngbnhkocchialm3nhm:scla,bnhkongvko gum. Vo nm 2008, tng gi tr th trng bnh ko l 7,329 t ng, trong s c la t khong 629 t ng, bnhko ng 6,223 t ngvkogumkhong 478 t ng.DatrnccsliudoEuromonitorInternationalcungcp,tnm2003n 2008, ton b th trng tng trng vi tc gp hng nm l 14.1%; trong bnh kongl13.5%,sclal10.4%,gumtngtrngcaonhtvitc16.3%. Th trng tiu th bnh ko tri rng khp nc, c vy l do mc pht trin cc chui h thng ln ca tng cng ty ni chung, v nh cc ca hng nh ni ring. Ring dng bnh cookie trn th trng Vit Nam khng ch c dng bnh kh cao cp m cn c c cc loi bnh khc nh nu trn Mt s cng ty sn xut bnh cookie ln, c mt trn th trng nh KinhcookiechimcookiescaCngtychimti45%thphnbnh cookies trn th trng trong nc. Cng ty CP bnh ko Bin Ho c 3 nhm sn phm chnh: Nhmbnh:chim55%tngdoanhthunm2005(baogmdngbnhkh chim 20-25% t trng doanh s v khong 20% th phn bnh biscuit, cookies trn th trng;dngsnphmsnack;dngsnphmbnhtrungthu;dngsnphmbnh ti;vccsnphmbnhdinhdngchotr,bmmangthaivchoconb,cho ngi n king v bnh tiu ng); Nhm sn phm ko: chim t trng 40% doanh s nm 2005 ca ton Cng ty v khong 35% th phn ko c nc. Nhmsnphmtmchnha:lmnguynliusnxutkovcungcpcho mtsnvtrongngnh.Nhmsnphmnychimttrngnhnhttrongtng doanh thu ca cng ty ch khong di 5% (nm 2005). [10] Ngoi ra cn mt s thng hiu chuyn cho dng bnh cookie -Cng ty c phn bng sen, a dng ho nhiu dng sn phm cookie -Cng ty LD TNHH Hi H Bo co thc hnh ng bnh ko GVHD: Th.s H Xun Hng T 3 nhm 4 HTP3 14 -BridalCookielcngtychuynsnxutvcungcpbnhcookielmqu tngchokhchthamdmci(weddingcookie)vqutngdoanh nghip dng trong cc dp trin lm, l k nim ca cng ty,... (logo cookie). -Cng ty Bnh ko Qung Ngi -Cng ty C Phn Thc Phm Vit Php -CTy CP Lai Ph,chuyn sx thch rau cu,bnh cookies,ko do,socola Tuynhiucngtysnxut,nhngtheophnkhcthtrngthccnhsn xut chim gi th phn nh sau: Cnivivictiuthbnhkonhpkhuththtrngtiuthbnhko nhp khu khng chim t l ln so vi trong nc (tr socola). Cc loi bnh ngoi c cht lng ttv gi thnh cao thng ch c ngi tiu dng c thu nhp cao tiu th nn lng tiu th ca cc sn phm ny khng nhiu. Mt s loi bnh cookie ngoi c cht lng tng i tt v gi thnh va phi thphiknlDanisa(Innxia),Apollo(Malaixia),Danone(Malaixia), Munchys (Malixia) v Khong Guan (Singapo) Bo co thc hnh ng bnh ko GVHD: Th.s H Xun Hng T 3 nhm 4 HTP3 15 Tuynhintrnthtrngvnkhngthkhngknccloibnhkoko cht lng c xut x khng r rng, thng t Trung Quc. iu ny gy ngi tm l ngitiudngtrongncivisnphmbnhko,dvythccloibnhny vn m thm c tiu th trong nc.Cc loi bnh ngoi c gi thnh trung bnh vthnghiuchackhngnhtrnthtrngVitNamthtnhhnhtiuth khng c tt do c gi thnh cao hn so vi cc sn phm cng loi trong nc, v dochnhyuttmlcangitiudnggnycnhgicvihngngoibi hng lot cc v vic vi phm v sinh an ton thc phm. V mt thc t d dng nhn thylkhngphiccloibnhngoinocngcchtlngttmcdhpp, sangtrng,gicao,nhngthctthvdyrutt,licnhiusnphmgingoi khng r ngungc xut x, hp bnh p, sang trng, nhngkm cht lng, chnh v th nn nim tin ca ngi tiu dng vi cc sn 28 phm bnh ngoi khng cn nh trc, v tiu th cc sn phm bnh ngoi c phn gim st. Tuynhin,cngkhngthphnhnhontonccdngbnhngoi.Mts bnhnitingnitrncnggynhngtingvangtrongthtrngbnh(nh Danisa). 3.Nguyn liu 3.1. Bt m Thnh phn ho hc ca bt m:[1] Thnh phn ha hc ca bt m ph thuc vo thnh phn ha hc ca ht la m v ph thuc vo hng bt. Tinh bt:L glucid quan trng nht ca bt m. ln v nguyn ca ht tinh bt nh hng n tnh rn chc, kh nng ht nc v hm lng ng trong bt nho. Tinh bt chim s lng ln trong bt (68-76 %). Ngay c bt bnh m, c xem l bt c t tinh bt, vn cha nhiu tinh bt hn tt c cc thnh phn khc cng li. Mt s ht tinh btb h hng trong qu trnh xay xt hockhi bt c lu trtrong iukin m t. Khi iu ny xy ra, mt s lng rt nh tinh bt c chia nh theo amylase thnh ng c d dng ln men bng nm men. Lng ng t nhin c trong bt Bo co thc hnh ng bnh ko GVHD: Th.s H Xun Hng T 3 nhm 4 HTP3 16 (t hn 0,5%)khng cao cho s lnmen ca nmmen, l l do ti sao hu ht cc cng thc nm men bt nho u c thm vo mt t ng. Protein:Protein(6-18%)hotngnhmtchtktdnhcchttinhbttrongtrong ni nh. Glutenin v gliadin l cc protein hnh thnh nn khung gluten, chim khong 80%caccproteintrongninh.Haiproteinnykhngtantrongncnhngkhi nho trn vi nc th to thnh khi gluten do v n hi. Cc protein khc trong bt trng bao gm cc enzym nh amylase, protease, v lipase. Hm lng protein thay i theo loi bt, bt hng cng cao protein cng nhiu v c gi tr dinh dng cao hn bt hng thp. m mtrongbtthngthngvokhong11-14%.Khimtnglntrn 14%, bt d b nm mc v tng trng, thay i hng v, hot ng ca enzyme, v b cn trng ph hoi. i vi nhng l do ny, bt phi c lu tr ng cch trong mt ni kh, mt. Glucid keo Carbohydratekhc trong bt ngoi tinh bt (2-3%), c th pentosan. Rt d b quatmquantrngcapentosantrongbttrng,vhmlngtngithp. Pentosan c mt chc nng rt quan trng trong tinh bt. V n thng hp th 10-15 ln trng lng ca n trong nc, mt lng nh pentosan c th lm tng kh nng hp th nc ng k ca bt. Mt lng nh c trong bt m xut hin cng tng tc vigluten,nngcaoscmnhvcutrccan.Pentosancnglmtngunca cht x ha tan. Lipid Mc d ch cmt lng nh cht bo (1-1,5%) duv cht nh cmt trong btmu trng, nhng hp cht ny c nh hng n tnh cht cagluten chng lm cho gluten n hi hn. Tuy nhin, v bn cht ca n, du la m b xi ha d dng v bin i, hn ch thi hn s dng ca bt.Cht tro Bo co thc hnh ng bnh ko GVHD: Th.s H Xun Hng T 3 nhm 4 HTP3 17 Trogmccmuivckhongchttnhinctronglihtlam.Nbao gmst,ng,kali,natri,vkm.Bncnhviccungcpcckhongchtcnthit cho ba n, tro lm tng s ln men bng cch cung cp khong cho nm men. Tro c mu xm nh hng n mu ca bt. Bt mu trng l tng i t tro (t hn 0,6 %), bi v tro tp trung lp cm s mt i khi xay xt. Tro c o trong mu bt v ng ccbngcchnungccmunhitrtcaotrn1000F(5380C)vtrolkhi lng cn li . Cc sc t carotenoid Ccsctcarotenoidcmttrongbtmutrngvislngrtthp(1-4phn triu). Thnh phn ny quy nh mnv ty trng bt. Cc sc t carotenoid trong bt mu trng nm trong cng mt nhm nh betacarotene, cc sc t mu da cam trong c rt. Phn loi bt m [11] Cc loi bt m thng c phn loi theo cng dng: Bt bnh m:Bt bnh m l bt xay t mt trong hai loi la m cng ma xun mu hoc ma ng. Bt ny c hm lng protein cao 11,5-13,5 % v gluten cht lng tt, c c tnh l cho khi lng ln v rut bnh n tt trong qu trnh ln men khi nng. C th s dng bt bnh m cha ty trng hoc ty trng. i khi bt bnh m c thm vo bt la mch cung cp cho qu trnh ln men nm men tt hn, x l bt d hn, v ko di hn s dng.Bt m gluten cao Btchmlngglutencaocxaytlamcng,thngllamcng ma xun mu . C hm lng protein cao thng l 13,5-14,5% v thng c kali bromat hoc cc mui bromat c thm vo n lm cho gluten mnh hn. Bt c th c ty trng. Cng ging nh bt bnh m, bt m gluten cao i khi cha thm bt la mch. N c s dng c cho bnh nng ni bng men, c bit l nhng loi yu cu n ti a. Bnh m c lm t n i khi b do v qu dai v hm lng gluten cao. Bo co thc hnh ng bnh ko GVHD: Th.s H Xun Hng T 3 nhm 4 HTP3 18 Bt bnh m artisan (artisan bread) Artisan bt bnh m, c xay t lam cng ma ngmu ,ging nh c im ca bt bnh m Php, ngha l protein tng i thp (11,5-12,5%). Hm lng protein thp to nn lp v gin v b vn vi cc l xp khng u. Mc d hm lng protein thp, nhng cht lng ca protein trong bt bnh m artisanphicao.Bnhmartisanphitriquaqutrnhlnmendiphttrin hng v. Nu cht lng gluten thp, gluten s b rch v bt b sp t s khc nghit ca mt qu trnh ln men di. Bt bnh m artisan thng c hm lng trohi cao hn so vi bt patent, nn bt cmu xm. Bt bnhm artisankhng cha btk tc nhn ty trng hoc cht kt dnh. Bt bnh ngt (pastry flour) Bt bnh ngt l bt xay t la m mm, ni chung t la m mm ma ng mu .Hmlngproteintthng7-9,5%vthngkhngctytrng.Btbnh ngt l l tng cho cc loi bnh cookie v bnh ngt nhiu. Bt bnh cake Btbnhcakecxaytlammm,thngtlammmmangmu . y l mt loi bt c a thch, loi ho hng, n c ly t ni nh ht. iu ny lm cho bt bnh cake c dng htmn, mu trng, hm lng protein thp 6-8% vtinhbthicaohnsobtkhc.Btbnhcakethngctytrngvic cholorine v benzoyl peroxide. Chlorine l mt tc nhn lm suy yu gluten v tng kh nng ht nc ca tinh bt. Tm quan trng ca chlorine i vi nhng c tnh ca bt bnh cake khng th chungsutquln.Xlcngnhiuchlorinethhmlngproteinsgimthp hn trong nh ngha bt bnh cake. Bt m gia dng (all purpose AP) BtAPthngct9,5-11,5%protein,nhngiunycthkhcnhauvi tngthnghiu.BtAPthngcphatrnlamcngvmm,nhngkhng phi lun lun nh vy. Mt s thng hiu, nh bt m KingArthur, c lm hon Bo co thc hnh ng bnh ko GVHD: Th.s H Xun Hng T 3 nhm 4 HTP3 19 ton t la m cng cc thng hiu khc, nh bt White Lily, c lm hon ton t la m mm. Bt AP c th c ty trng hoc khng ty trng, v c th cha thm bt la mch. ivibnhcookiengtinvbnhccutrcxp,gintan,lmnbng phngphphohcnntasdngbtms8haycngilbtmadng-all purpose Cc ch tiu cht lng ca bt m Cc ch tiu cht lng ca bt m do tng quc gia quy nh, ch yu l nhng c trng v tro, trng, mn, acid v hm lng gluten t tro: tro ca bt rt quan trng i vi cc sn phm bnh sau ny, n quyt nh tro ca bn thnh phm v thnh phm. tro l ch s c bn xc nh hng bt m, btm hng cao t tro hn btm hng thp, bt thnghngkhng cho php tro qu 0.55%. tro ca ni nh la m khong 0.4- 0.45%, tro ca cm khong 7- 8.5%. mn: mn nh hng n gi tr thc phmv tnh cht nng bnh ca bt. Bt cngmncngdtipxcviccchtxctchnhthnhbtnho,htbtcngto cng chm trng n, chm ln men, qu trnh keo ha xy ra chm. trng: trng l yu t quan trngca ht lachn ch ch bin nn bt. Ht trngsdnghinvtlbtthuccaohnhtc.Btxaythttrnghm lngproteinnichungcngnhglutenniringcaohn.Cclpvqu,vht thng cha nhiu sc t, bt cng trng chng t cng t ln v. Do ni nh c cha cc sc t carotenoic nn bt c mu trng ng. Hm lng gluten t: Hm lng gluten t khong 27- 28%. Gluten ca bt hng cao thng c mu sng hn v ht nc ln hn. acid ca bt: Bo co thc hnh ng bnh ko GVHD: Th.s H Xun Hng T 3 nhm 4 HTP3 20 Trongbtthngchaccmuiphotphatacid,ccacidbotdovccacid huckhc.acidctnhbngkhilngKOHtrunghaccacidboc trong 100g bt tnh theo hm lng cht kh. 3.2. Lng trng trng Thnhphnhohccalngtrngtrngctlncrtcao(88,10%).Hm lngnctrongtrnggiphatanng,vgipbthtnctrngntocu trc. Cc thnh phn cn li bao gm tro, protein v glucid chim t l theo bng sau. Bng thnh phn ho hc ca long trng trng g Lng trng trng to cu trc do s ng t ca trng trong qua trnh nng. Bo co thc hnh ng bnh ko GVHD: Th.s H Xun Hng T 3 nhm 4 HTP3 21 Lngtrngtrngchaalbulmincvaitrtohnhtrongqutrnhnhni, trn vi khng kh to ra cc bt kh li ti, s h tr trong qu trnh dy bt v lm bnh n trong qu trnh nng. 3.3. ng [8] ng c tinh ch t cy ma hoc c ci ng, cung cp v ngt trong bnh nng. N c s dng n l hoc kt hp vi cc thnh phn b sung ngt khc, v n vn l cht ngt ph bin nht trong cc loi bnh nng. ng tinh luyn s dng trong bnh thng c phn loi theo kch thc ca cc ht. Ph bin nht c s dng l ng ct, ng bt. ng ht nh li c phn loi vo siu tt, rt tt v ng ct, ph thuc vo kch thc ca cc ht. Nhn chung, ng nghin nh s tt hn khi trn vo bt nho v to dung mi nhanh hn. Trong ng th c cc ht khng tan, thm ch sau khi trn mt thi gian di. Cc biu hin sau khi nng nh nhngm en trnv, cu trc khng u, c nhng chm syrup. Ngoira,ngtinhluynltthnchokemvchtbovchngtoras ng nht trong cu trc v ng nht trong khi lng tt hn. ng c nghin thnh btmnv trnvi mt lng nh tinh bt (khong 3%)trnhngcng.Chngcngcphnloitheotiuchthcnghay mn.1OXlngttnht,nchoktcumnkhingcng.6Xlngtiu chun cho bnh ko. 3.4. B B l mt sn phm thc phm lm t sa hay kem hoc c th kt hp c hai, cthcmuihocchtphgiacmu,lchtbongvt,lsnphmcaqu trnh hydro ha cht bo,thnh phn gm:hn 80% l cht bo ca sa. Ngoi ra cn c khong 16% nc, 2.5% mui, 1.5% sa dng rn. B d hng nhng li c hng v ti ngt nn c u tin trong bnh nng. Trongkhi n c th c thay th bng margarin hoc m thc vt. Bc xu hng cung cp mt kt qu cui cng khc vi b thc vt, c bit l khi n c s dng trong bnh ngt v lp v. Bo co thc hnh ng bnh ko GVHD: Th.s H Xun Hng T 3 nhm 4 HTP3 22 Bivhnhdngvtlcacctinhthchtbo,bcxuhnglanrngv phn lp d dng hn v ng nht hn so vi margarin. Bcng v gin khi lnh v rtmmnhitphng.Do,btnhosdngbkhxlhnsovikhis dng shortening. 3.5. Shortening Khng mu, khng v, mu trng, 100% l cht bo.L sn phm ca qu trnh hydrohachtbo,khngtanchynhitthng,shortenincthtothnht du thc vt, m ng vt hoc c hai. C2loicsdngchosnphmngnhbnh,regularshorteningsv emulsified shortenings. Regular shortening c nht tt, cu trc spv nhiu phn nh ca cht bocxuhngcnhhnhdngtrongqutrnhtrnvnho.Chngcthc sn xut vi nhiu cng khc nhau. Regular shortening c kh nng to vng tt v nng chy nhit cao. Chng thng c s dng cho cc sn phm fiky nh v bnh v bnh quy. Chng cng thng c s dng trong nhiu loi bnh ngt, bnh m, v cc sn phm trn kem, bnh cookie, bnh quy Emulsifiedshortenings l shortenings mm m lan ra d dng trong mt lp bt v nhanh chng to thnh lp bc ht ngv Kur. V chng c cha thm cht nhhannchngcthgimtlnglnchtlngvnghnregular shortenings. Chng thng c dngkhi trng lng ng trong bt bnh ln hn trng lng caKur,kt qu s dng bmtmtvmn hn. Ngoi ra, Emulsifiedshortening thng c s dng trong to ng bi v chng c th cha nhiu ng v cht lng khng ng. 3.6. Thuc n [12] Baking Powder c cha 1 hay nhiu acid kt hp vi Baking soda (NaHCO3) v tinh bt. Tinh bt c nhim v ngn cn acid v baz phn ng vi nhau trong sut qu trnh bo qun.Huhttinhbtcsdngngynayphitriqua2giaionlphnng vi cht lng v nhit. Phn ng u tin din ra khi bn thm bt n vo bt nho v Bo co thc hnh ng bnh ko GVHD: Th.s H Xun Hng T 3 nhm 4 HTP3 23 n c lm m. Mt trong nhng mui axit phn ng vi NaHCO3 v to ra kh CO2. Phn ng th hai din ra khi bt c t vo l. Cc t bo kh m rng lm th tch bt tng. Bi v tronghaigiai on, qu trnh nng bnhc th c tr hon trong khong 15-20 pht m khng lm mt i sc mnh dy bt ca n. 4.Mt s quy trnh bnh cookies ng tin hin nay 4.1. Quy trnh 1 Nguyn liu -B mm 100 Gr-ng xay 100 Gr-Lng trng 100 Gr-Bt m 100 Gr -Nho kh 50 Gr Cch tin hnh -Cho b mm vng vo my nh trng, nh n khi ng tan.-Cho lng trng vo nh u. Bo co thc hnh ng bnh ko GVHD: Th.s H Xun Hng T 3 nhm 4 HTP3 24 2 lng trng trng100g b 100g ngnh tan ngnh u100g bt mnh n khi bt qunh li50g nho kh ngm ru rumNn to hnhNng 180 CSn phm -Cho bt m vo trn u. n khi bt qunh li- Tin hnh nn to hnh bnh ng knh