Bamboo Eathquake

8/3/2019 Bamboo Eathquake

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BAMBOO- AS CONSTRUCTION

MATERIAL AND TECHNIQUES

- sayon pramanik

- 2007uar110



INTRODUCTION:

It is traditionally used construction materials as considered.

The bamboo based house has a very low weight therefore

foundations can be minimized. For wall construction are

used wall panels, assembled from split bamboo grids and

steel mesh and plastered with cement mortar. Basicmaterials for house components (bamboo, wire, bolts,bamboo, wire, bolts,

meshmesh, and cement, and cement) are inexpensive. Bamboo can toleratetolerate

high values of deformations in the elastic range i.e.

possesses high elasticityhigh elasticity. Therefore bamboo houses whenproperly constructed are ductileductile i.e. being able to swaysway

back and forth during an earthquake, without any damage

to the bamboo poles.



It is a renewable plantrenewable plant with a short rotation periodshort rotation period.

Bamboo grows to its full size for about a year. Another two

or three years are required for the plant to gainto gain its highhighstrengthstrength. Bamboo can be grown even on degraded landdegraded land.

Construction materials from bamboo should be treated in

order to achieve longevity. The use of high energy materials,

like cement or steel, is minimized. Therefore the adoption of bamboo for house construction helps preserve the

environment. Below, is shown a house having a load bearing

structure built in bamboo.

Bamboo house (Image courtesy of IPIRTI -

Bangalore, India)



BAMBOO PRESERVATION

The aim of bamboo poles preservation is to preventprevent the

invasion of pestsinvasion of pests, insects and fungusinsects and fungus. If left untreated,bamboo poles may not survive more than about two

years. We recommend the following methods for treating

bamboo poles:

IMMERSIONFreshly cut bamboo poles are immersed in waterimmersed in water for

period of 44--12 weeks12 weeks. During this time the nourishment

for insects inside the poles is removed. Streams or ponds

are suitable. Ponds should allow circulation of water.Immersion in saltwatersaltwater is notnot a suitablesuitable technique.



IMPREGNATING COATINGS

Preservation with borate solutionborate solution is an efficient

technique. The method involves the borate/borax saltborate/borax salt

solution being pressurepressure--fedfed in the pole until it is seenseen atthe other end of the pole. The culms treated in this

technique should be of mature age. The treatment

procedure should be applied on the day of harvesting the

bamboo. This is a severe requirement. Information on this

method is available through INBAR bamboo research

network in IndiaHEATING

This method consists of heating the canesheating the canes, for a shortshorttimetime in kilnskilns to 150150ooCC. Alternatively the canes can be

placed into a large container and boiledboiled (cooked) for 2525

minutesminutes. In JapanJapan a method of boiling the bambooboiling the bamboo in

caustic ash solutioncaustic ash solution has been used.



CHECKLIST FOR OBTAINING CONSTRUCTION QUALITY BAMBOO

POLES

Depending on the speciesspecies, 3 to 5 year old3 to 5 year old bamboo isbestbest for construction purposes

The bamboo should be harvestedharvested in dry seasondry season in order

to avoid fungus attackavoid fungus attack and excess pole moistureexcess pole moisture

Use the appropriate species for the particular application Do not exposeexpose the bamboo poles to direct sunpoles to direct sun, moisturemoisture

and rainrain

Use only straight portionsstraight portions from the bamboo culmsbamboo culms for

construction poles Poles should be treatedtreated against insectsinsects and fungusfungus



A NEWLY DEVELOPED EARTHQUAKE RESISTANT TYPE OF BAMBOO

HOUSE. THE PLANNING AND LAYOUT OF STRUCTURAL MEMBERS ARE

DISPLAYED AT THE VARIOUS CONSTRUCTION STAGES.

Indian Plywood Industries Research and Training Institute (IPIRTI) Indian Plywood Industries Research and Training Institute (IPIRTI)

- Bangalore, India has constructed earthquake resistant prototypeearthquake resistant prototypebamboo housesbamboo houses with the following main features:

Use whole round bamboo columnswhole round bamboo columns and trussed rafterstrussed rafters

approximately every 1.2m1.2m as the main load bearing elementsload bearing elements

Use split bamboosplit bamboo grids and steelsteel meshmesh with cement mortarcement mortar

plasterplaster to provide overall stabilitystability to the structure. These

elements form infill panelsinfill panels that are about 5 cmabout 5 cm thick.

Application of preservative treatmentpreservative treatment of bamboo depending on

the degree of hazard and service conditionshazard and service conditions. Apply BORONBORON to

treat bamboo gridsbamboo grids and trussestrusses and Creosote oilCreosote oil to treattreatcolumnscolumns

Use of bamboo mat board (BMB) bamboo mat board (BMB) gussetsgussets in combination with

mild steel boltsmild steel bolts for load bearing jointsload bearing joints in roofing structureroofing structure

Use of bamboo mat corrugated sheets (BMCS) bamboo mat corrugated sheets (BMCS) as roof claddingroof cladding

and BMBBMB for the walls, doorswalls, doors and window shutterswindow shutters



Prototype of a bamboo house, constructed according to the above technology is shown

Prototype of a Bamboo house (Image courtesy of IPIRTI - Bangalore, India)

CONSTRUCTION PROCESS

Cutting with machetemachete knifeknife

SplittingSplitting the pole in half half by using machete knifemachete knife

SplittingSplitting the bamboo culms into four or eight segmentsbamboo culms into four or eight segments using a

knife frameknife frame

PeelingPeeling of the bamboobamboo, when the ageage is less than 18 months18 months.The stripsstrips can be used as tiesties or can be woven together to

make strings or ropesstrings or ropes

BendingBending - freshly cut bamboofreshly cut bamboo can be bent. If heated at 150150ooCC

the bamboo keeps its shapeshape after it goes coldcold

Only basic carpentry, masonry tools andskills are necessary for the construction

of bamboo house. The following

methods are recommended for working

of bamboo poles:



Tools for cutting bamboo

(Image courtesy of O.

Lopez, Universidad

national de Columbia)

Bamboo poles end details

(Image courtesy of O.

Lopez, Universidad




FOUNDATIONS AND PLINTH COURSE

Field stone - max size 200 mm

Grout - cement based mixed in proportion 1 : 4 (cement :sand) by volume

Bamboo columns - canes with diameter of 100mm

Concrete for plinth - mix by volume, cement : sand :

aggregate : water = 1 : 3 : 3 : 1.3

CONSTRUCTION OF WALLS

The wallswalls are constructed between the vertical bamboovertical bamboo

columnscolumns, as infill'sinfill's. The main postsmain posts are erected at all

cornerscorners, and throughout the house envelopeenvelope, spacedspaced at

about 1.2 m1.2 m. Split bamboo gridsbamboo grids are assembled by roperope or

wire tieswire ties and are fixed to plinth and bamboo posts.



To reinforcereinforce the bamboo grids, as well as to provide a

basebase for the mortarmortar, a steelsteel wire meshwire mesh is fixed to the

grids. Cement based mortarCement based mortar is then plastered on top to

provide overall stability to the wall infill's. The finishedfinished

wallwall thickness is about 50 mm50 mm thick. PrefabricatedPrefabricated

timber framestimber frames are mounted for windowswindows and doordoor

openingsopenings.CONSTRUCTION OF TOP TIMBER PLATE ACTING LIKE A

BOND BEAM

All bamboo columnscolumns should be fixedfixed to a top ringtop ring continuouscontinuous

beambeam. This member should be made from timbertimber and shouldhave rectangular cross sectionrectangular cross section. Bamboo poles should notpoles should not be

used for top ring beamstop ring beams. This beambeam acts like a bond beambond beam,

providing restraintrestraint and stiffnessstiffness to the bamboo columnsbamboo columns and

wallswalls. Care should be taken to ensure continuity at wall corners.



DETAILS FOR SEISMIC

RESISTANCE



JOINT DETAILS IN BAMBOO HOUSES

There have been known a number of complications

when connecting bamboo canes:

Connections of round profiles lead to complicated

geometry at the knot

Bamboo fibers only grow in the longitudinal direction

Bamboo is hollow. There is no material to tighten the

bamboo in the middle of the cane

The face of the cane is hard and slippery

Bamboo is not suitable for loads in cross directionTwo types of connections:

The friction tight rope(strapping) connection

The bolting connection



Compressive force transfer

through a joint away from pole

diaphragm (Image courtesy of O.

Lopez, Universidad national de Columbia)

Compressive force transfer

through a joint at a location

of pole diaphragm (Image

courtesy of O. Lopez, Universidad




Inserting short, smaller diameter

bamboo pole to strengthen

bamboo member at a joint (Image

courtesy of O. Lopez, Universidad nationalde Columbia)

Inserting short, smaller diameter

bamboo pole to strengthen

bamboo member at a joint (Image

courtesy of O. Lopez, Universidad national de

Columbia)



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Bamboo Eathquake

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