BAKTERIOLOGI - SISTEM PERNAFASAN
-
Upload
muhammad-nasrullah -
Category
Health & Medicine
-
view
157 -
download
6
Transcript of BAKTERIOLOGI - SISTEM PERNAFASAN
![Page 1: BAKTERIOLOGI - SISTEM PERNAFASAN](https://reader034.fdocument.pub/reader034/viewer/2022042611/5881f2dd1a28abb4748b5073/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Disediakan Oleh : NassrutoDisediakan Oleh : Nassruto
![Page 2: BAKTERIOLOGI - SISTEM PERNAFASAN](https://reader034.fdocument.pub/reader034/viewer/2022042611/5881f2dd1a28abb4748b5073/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Objektif KhususSelepas selesai pembelajaran ini pelatih dapat;• Menamakan bakteria yang boleh menyebabkan
jangkitan tekak dan faring.• Menamakan bakteria yang boleh menyebabkan
jangkitan di trakea dan bronkus.• Menamakan bakteria yang boleh menyebabkan
jangkitan paru-paru.• Menyatakan jenis spesimen yang perlu dihantar
ke makmal bagi tiap-tiap jangkitan tersebut.• Menyatakan bagaimana diagnosa makmal
dilakukan bagi tiap-tiap jangkitan bakteria tersebut.
![Page 3: BAKTERIOLOGI - SISTEM PERNAFASAN](https://reader034.fdocument.pub/reader034/viewer/2022042611/5881f2dd1a28abb4748b5073/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
BAKTERIOLOGIBAKTERIOLOGI
Merupakan kajian tentang bakteria-Merupakan kajian tentang bakteria-bakteria yang menyebabkan penyakitbakteria yang menyebabkan penyakitdalam sistem pernafasan.dalam sistem pernafasan.
![Page 4: BAKTERIOLOGI - SISTEM PERNAFASAN](https://reader034.fdocument.pub/reader034/viewer/2022042611/5881f2dd1a28abb4748b5073/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Kajian Bakteriologi Penyakit Sistem Pernafasan
Kajian makmal yang dijalankan untukmengenalpasti bakteria yang menyebabkanpenyakit.Spesimen1. Kahak (sputum)2. Swab tekak (Throat swab)3. Sekresi tekak4. Pernasal swab5. Cecair pleural (Pleural fluid)6. Tisu paru-paru.
![Page 5: BAKTERIOLOGI - SISTEM PERNAFASAN](https://reader034.fdocument.pub/reader034/viewer/2022042611/5881f2dd1a28abb4748b5073/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Mikroskop1. Gram staining (smear)
Bakteria Gm+ve - warna ungu gelap. Bakteria Gm-ve – pucat ke merah gelap.
2. Ziehl-Neelson technique. Mengesan mycobacterium tuberculosis. Asid Fast Bacilli (AFB) – hanya boleh di ‘stain’ dgn
carbol fuchsin.
![Page 6: BAKTERIOLOGI - SISTEM PERNAFASAN](https://reader034.fdocument.pub/reader034/viewer/2022042611/5881f2dd1a28abb4748b5073/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
KulturTeknik yang digunakan utk asingkan patogenmenggunakan media-media kultur yang tertentu utkdikenalpasti dan mengesan sensitiviti terhadapantibiotik.Media Kultura) Blood agarb) Chocholate agar – Haemophilus Influenzac) MacConkey agar d) DNAse agar – Staphy. Aureus.e) Loefller serum medium – Cory. Dipthteria.f) Lowenstein Jensen acid medium – M.
Tuberculosis.g) Mannitol salt agar – Staphy. Aureus.
![Page 7: BAKTERIOLOGI - SISTEM PERNAFASAN](https://reader034.fdocument.pub/reader034/viewer/2022042611/5881f2dd1a28abb4748b5073/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Ujian serologi – DarahUtk mendiagnosa penyakit bagi patogen; yang tdk dpt dikesan dlm pemeriksaan rutin. yang sukar diasingkan atau dikenalpasti.
a) Ujian antibodi. Latex slide agglutination – kesan paras antistreptolysin
O (ASO) dlm jangkitan Group A streptococcal.b) Ujian antigen.
Coagglutination – kesan antigen H. Influenza, Strep. Pneumonia.
![Page 8: BAKTERIOLOGI - SISTEM PERNAFASAN](https://reader034.fdocument.pub/reader034/viewer/2022042611/5881f2dd1a28abb4748b5073/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Jangkitan bakteria pada sistem pernafasan boleh dikelaskan kpd 3 bhgn;
1. Jangkitan di tekak (Throat) dan di farinks (Pharynx).
2. Jangkitan di trakea & bronkus.3. Jangkitan pada paru-paru.
![Page 9: BAKTERIOLOGI - SISTEM PERNAFASAN](https://reader034.fdocument.pub/reader034/viewer/2022042611/5881f2dd1a28abb4748b5073/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
A: Jangkitan di tekak & farink.
1. Pharyngitis (sore throat)25% disebabkan oleh streptococcus pyogens.Hasilkan streptolysins – sitotoksik.Rangsang penghasilan antibodi antistreptolysin O (ASO).Gm +ve non-motile, long or short chain.Diagnosa makmal; Gram stained smear. Throat swab for culture.
Media – Blood agar.Keputusan – koloni kecil + haemolsis dikeliling.
![Page 10: BAKTERIOLOGI - SISTEM PERNAFASAN](https://reader034.fdocument.pub/reader034/viewer/2022042611/5881f2dd1a28abb4748b5073/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
2. DiptheriaCorynebacterium diptheria.Bakteria Gm +ve.Non-endospore-forming-rod.Eksotoksin yang kuat.Diagnosa makmal; Throat swab for culture.
-Modified Tinsdale medium – koloni kecil kelabu dikelilingi kawasan berwarna koko kehitaman.
Tellurite Blood agar – koloni kecil kelabu gelap.
Gram stained smear. Blood Culture (Paediatrik)
![Page 11: BAKTERIOLOGI - SISTEM PERNAFASAN](https://reader034.fdocument.pub/reader034/viewer/2022042611/5881f2dd1a28abb4748b5073/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
3. Ulcerative tonsilitisFusobacterium.Non-motile, Gm-ve.Long & tapering rods with pointed end.Diagnosa makmal; Throat swab for culture.Sensitivity to penicilline, kanamycin.
![Page 12: BAKTERIOLOGI - SISTEM PERNAFASAN](https://reader034.fdocument.pub/reader034/viewer/2022042611/5881f2dd1a28abb4748b5073/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
B: Jangkitan di Trakea & Bronkus
1. Pertusis (Whooping cough) Bordetella pertussisGm-ve coccobasilliNon-motile, capsulated.Spesimen – Pernasal swab.Diagnosa makmal Kultur – medium Bordet gengou agar. - koloni kecil bersinar(warna merkuri),
mucoid. Gram stained smear.
![Page 13: BAKTERIOLOGI - SISTEM PERNAFASAN](https://reader034.fdocument.pub/reader034/viewer/2022042611/5881f2dd1a28abb4748b5073/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
2. Acute EpiglottitisHaemophilus Influenza type B.Gm-ve rod or coccobacilli.Spesimen – throat swab.Diagnosa makmal - Gram stain- Kultur – medium Chocolate agar. koloni mucoid (1.5 mm)
![Page 14: BAKTERIOLOGI - SISTEM PERNAFASAN](https://reader034.fdocument.pub/reader034/viewer/2022042611/5881f2dd1a28abb4748b5073/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
3. Ac. Bronchitis
Streptococcus pneumoniae or Haemophilus influenza.Strep. Pneumoniae; Gm+ve diplococcus, non-motile, elongated
(lancet-shape). Capsulated & form short chain.Diagnosa makmal; Gram stained smear Culture – media chocholate agar.
koloni spt. bentuk cincin.
![Page 15: BAKTERIOLOGI - SISTEM PERNAFASAN](https://reader034.fdocument.pub/reader034/viewer/2022042611/5881f2dd1a28abb4748b5073/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
4. Jangkitan paru-paru (Pneumonia)a) Lobar pneumonia.
Strep. Pneumonia (type 1, 2, 3)Gm+ve diplococcus, non-motile, elongated (lancet-shape).Capsulated & form short chain.Produces leucocidin, hyaluronidase & haemolysin.Lab. Ix; Gram stained smear (sputum) Culture – media chocholate agar.(sputum) Blood Culture.
![Page 16: BAKTERIOLOGI - SISTEM PERNAFASAN](https://reader034.fdocument.pub/reader034/viewer/2022042611/5881f2dd1a28abb4748b5073/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
b) BronchopneumoniaHaemophilus Influenza, strep. Pneumonia, staphylococcus aureus, streptococcus pyogenes, Kliebsella pneumonia, legionella pneumophilla.
Kliebsella pneumonia Gm-ve, non-motile, capsulated rod. Sputum – Gram stained smear Culture – media blood agar & MacConkey.
Koloni mucoid yg besar Ujian serologi – antigen O & K.
![Page 17: BAKTERIOLOGI - SISTEM PERNAFASAN](https://reader034.fdocument.pub/reader034/viewer/2022042611/5881f2dd1a28abb4748b5073/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Staphylococcus aureusGm+ve cocci, non-motile,non-capsulated.Sputum – Gram stained smear Sputum for Culture – media blood agar,
Chocolate agar (koloni 1-2mm warna kuning atau kream)
& MacConkey agar.Blood CultureDNAse test – positif.Ujian serologi – coagulase test.
![Page 18: BAKTERIOLOGI - SISTEM PERNAFASAN](https://reader034.fdocument.pub/reader034/viewer/2022042611/5881f2dd1a28abb4748b5073/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
4. Tuberculosis Mycobacterium tuberculosisNon-sporing, non-capsulated, straight or slightly curve rod.Spesimen – sputum.Diagnosa makmal; Ziehl-Neelsen stain. Kultur – media Lowenstein Jensen
Koloni pigmen warna kuning.
![Page 19: BAKTERIOLOGI - SISTEM PERNAFASAN](https://reader034.fdocument.pub/reader034/viewer/2022042611/5881f2dd1a28abb4748b5073/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
S. Aureus
E. Coli
![Page 20: BAKTERIOLOGI - SISTEM PERNAFASAN](https://reader034.fdocument.pub/reader034/viewer/2022042611/5881f2dd1a28abb4748b5073/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Streptococcus Pyogen
![Page 21: BAKTERIOLOGI - SISTEM PERNAFASAN](https://reader034.fdocument.pub/reader034/viewer/2022042611/5881f2dd1a28abb4748b5073/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
![Page 22: BAKTERIOLOGI - SISTEM PERNAFASAN](https://reader034.fdocument.pub/reader034/viewer/2022042611/5881f2dd1a28abb4748b5073/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
B. Haemolytic A. Haemolytic
Strep. Pyogen Strep. Pneumonia
![Page 23: BAKTERIOLOGI - SISTEM PERNAFASAN](https://reader034.fdocument.pub/reader034/viewer/2022042611/5881f2dd1a28abb4748b5073/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
![Page 24: BAKTERIOLOGI - SISTEM PERNAFASAN](https://reader034.fdocument.pub/reader034/viewer/2022042611/5881f2dd1a28abb4748b5073/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
![Page 25: BAKTERIOLOGI - SISTEM PERNAFASAN](https://reader034.fdocument.pub/reader034/viewer/2022042611/5881f2dd1a28abb4748b5073/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
![Page 26: BAKTERIOLOGI - SISTEM PERNAFASAN](https://reader034.fdocument.pub/reader034/viewer/2022042611/5881f2dd1a28abb4748b5073/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
![Page 27: BAKTERIOLOGI - SISTEM PERNAFASAN](https://reader034.fdocument.pub/reader034/viewer/2022042611/5881f2dd1a28abb4748b5073/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
![Page 28: BAKTERIOLOGI - SISTEM PERNAFASAN](https://reader034.fdocument.pub/reader034/viewer/2022042611/5881f2dd1a28abb4748b5073/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)