bagratis taZari

bagratis taZris reabilitaciis proeqti

I etapi

saxelovnebaTmcodneo kvlevis Sedegebi

Seadgina xelovnebaTmcodne _ gia WaniSvilma

Sps

`restavratorebi da kompania~ seqtemberi

2008

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saxelovnebaTmcodneo kvlevis Sedegebi

X-XI saukuneTa mijnaze agebuli bagratis taZari qarTuli

xuroTmoZRvrebis ubrwyinvalesi Zeglia. igi Sesulia iuneskos egidiT aRiarebul msoflios umniSvnelovanes arqiteqturul ZeglTa siaSi. quTaisis RvTismSoblis saxelobis eklesia, romelsac Cven dRes bagratis taZars vuwodebT, agebulia XI s-is dasawyisSi, gaerTianebuli saqarTvelos pirveli mefis _ bagrat III dros. bagratis taZris mSenebloba ganpirobebuli iyo im dros Camoyalibebuli erTiani saxelmwifos politikuri, ekonomikuri da kulturuli moTxovnilebebiT. mis xuroTmoZRvrul sxeulSi naTlad aisaxa mSeneblobis mravalsaukunovani xuroTmoZRvruli tradicia da is stilisturi cvlilebebic teqtonikasa da dekorSi, ramac I da II aTaswleulebis mijnaze iCina Tavi qarTul xuroTmoZRvrebaSi. taZarma srulad daakmayofila epoqis moTxovna, rogorc gansazRvruli xuroTmoZRvruli etapis damagvirgvinebelma nagebobam da ganviTarebis momavali mimarTulebac dasaxa. istoriuli TvalsazrisiT Zeglis mniSvneloba ganpirobebulia im garemoebiT, rom bagratis taZaris mSeneblobis da misi arsebobis istoria, TviT qveynis istoriis Tanmxvedria _ `bagrati~ saqarTvelos erTianobis simboloa da masSi asaxulia qveynis istoriis didebisa da Znelbedobis mravali furceli. `bagratis~ istoria ar Semoifargleba mxolod misi mSeneblobis dasawyisiT. taZarSi da mis garSemo Catarebuli ukanaskneli arqeologiuri gaTxrebis Sedegad am adgilas ufro adreuli nagebobebic aris dafiqsirebuli. `bagratis taZris~ Sesaxeb uamravi istoriuli cnoba, Canaweri, mecnieruli gamokvleva, foto da grafikuli masala arsebobs. taZris mSenebloba moxseniebulia mis Tanadroul istoriul qarTul wyaroSi _ `matiane qarTlisaÁ~, sadac aRniSnulia, rom bagrat III-m akurTxa `eklesia quTaTisa gangebiTa didiTa da miuwvdomeliTa~ qarTvel didebulTa da ucxoel stumarTa TandaswrebiT. aqve naxsenebia, rom saqarTvelos mefe giorgi I quTaisSia dakrZaluli. bagrat III moxseniebulia taZris epigrafikul warweraSic: `† Ä meufeo, mflobelo y(ove)lTa suf(e)v(a)Tao, um(e)t(e)sad adide Zlieri b(a)gr(a)t k(u)r(a)p(a)l(a)ti, afx(a)zTa da q(a)rTv(e)lTa m(e)fÀ, Tana mamiT, dediT, dedofliT da ZiT m(a)TiT, a(me)n~ aqvea 1003 wlis warwera taZris mSeneblobis Sesaxeb: `† odes g(a)nmtkicna iat(a)ki qr(oni)k(o)ni iyo 223~; fasadebze kidev mravali warweris fragmentia SemorCenili sadac aRniSnulia ucnobi istoriuli pirebi, xolo taZris antefiqsze SemorCenil warweraSi aRniSnulia mefe giorgi.

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aranakleb sainteresoa bagratis taZris xuroTmoZRvruli saxe. igi ganekuTvneba saqarTveloSi gavrcelebul arqiteqturul tips _ trikonqs. es taZari trikonqis erT-erTi saintereso nimuSia, romelSic tipis ZiriTad koncefciasTan Serwymulia qarTuli sakulto xuroTmoZRvrebis da samSeneblo xelovnebis tradiciuli niSnebic. taZari Seicavs qarTuli sakulto arqiteqturis xelmeore aRorZinebis xanis dasawyisis, Xs-is klasikis ZiriTad xuroTmoZRvrul sivrcobriv koncefciebs, mxatvrul-stilistur niSnebs da samSeneblo xerxebs da amasTan mis xuroTmoZRvrul sxeulSi naTlad ikveTeba axali arqiteqturuli azrovnebis _ cxovelxatuli stilis niSnebic. bagratis taZris mSenebeli faqtobrivad amTavrebs trikonqis Temis damuSavebas qarTul xuroTmoZRvrebaSi (odnav mogvianebiT agebul alaverdSi am Temis ganviTarebis mxriv aRaraferi xdeba, miuxedavad imisa, rom gegmareba Secvlilia da trikonqis gverdiTi absidebi ukve gareTa, erTian marTkuTxedSia Cawerili. Tema ukve aRar aris aqtualuri da yuradReba sxva mxriv maxvildeba). bagratis taZris mSeneblobas qveynis gaerTianebisaTvis simboluri mniSvneloba hqonda da xuroTmoZRvari marTlac aerTianebs taZris centralur sivrces. verdiTi maRali absidebi erTian organizmad aris wamoCenili gumbaTqveSa struqturaSi. trikonqis TemisTvis aq ukve moZebnilia qarTuli xuroTmoZRvrebis Sinagani bunebidan gamomdinare saxe da damorCilebulia mis mxatvrul-esTetikur TviTSegnebas. bagratis taZris xuroTmoZRvari swored amgvari Semoqmedi aRmoCnda. misTvis problemas ar warmoadgenda axal esTetikaSi garkveva da sabaziso principebis SenarCuneba, magram stilisturi cvlilebebi ise swrafad xdeba, rom TviT es brwyinvale Semoqmedic ki ver aswrebs Tavisi qmnilebis Tavdapirveli CanafiqriT dasrulebas Tavad bagratis taZaria am mxatvrul-stilistur cvlilebaTa amsaxveli. taZris mSenebeli ukve axali stilistikiT Zerwavs nagebobis xuroTmoZRvrul sxeuls. mis mier dakvaluli gegma da sivrcobrivi Canafiqri novatorulia da arqiteqturuli modis ukanasknel Targze morgebuli. magram stilis ganviTareba ise Cqaria, rom mSeneblobis Tavdapirveli stilisturi Canafiqri mSeneblobis dasrulebamde Zveldeba. mSeneblobis procesSive xdeba misi koreqtireba da Tu taZris dasavleTi nawili jer kidev X s-is napirze devs, misi aRmosavleTi monakveTi xidiviTaa gadawvdili momdevno saukuneSi. rogorc Cans qveyanaSi taZrebis, sasaxleebis da sxva nagebobebis gamalebuli mSenebloba mimdinareobs da qveynis SemoqmedebiT ZarRvSi moZravi, mdidari tradiciebiT gajerebuli energia, axal mxatvrul samoseliT mocul SedevrebSi vlindeba.

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c n o b e b i s n u s x a

XIs. _ `matiane qarTlisaÁ~ `amanve (bagrat III-m) akurTxa eklesia quTaTisa gangebiTa didiTa da miuwvdomeliTa, rameTu Semokribna maxlobelni yovelni xelmwifeni da kaTolikosni, mRvdelmoZRvarni da yovelTa monasterTa winamZRuarni, da yovelni didebulni zemoni da qvemoni, mamulisa da samefosa misisa myofni, da sxuaTa yovelTa saxelmwifoTagani~ 1027w. `...gardaicvala giorgi (I) mefe ... qoronikonsa oras ormocdaSvidsa (1027w.), Tvesa agvistosa Teqvsmetsa ... wariyvanes da damarxes saydarsa quTaTissa~ qarTlis cxovreba, t. I, Tb., 1955w., gv. 276, 281.

XVs. _ ambrozio kontarini veneciis elCi sparseTSi _ 1473w. ` ... 9 ivliss movediT patara qalaqs, quTaiss; aq, mcire goraze, aris cixe sul qviTkirisa. Sig cixeSi eklesia aris; rogorc etyoba, Zlier Zveli. gaviareT xidi, romelic gadebulia sakmaod did mdinareze, movediT patara mindorze. aq dgas sasaxle saqarTvelos mefis, bagratis~. italieli mogzaurebi saqarTveloSi - iosafa barbaro da ambrozio kontarini, `moambe~, 1894, #11, gv.51.

XVIs. _ davTari quTaisis saydris gamosavali begarisa _ 1578w. aRwerilia Tu vis ra marTebda bagratis taZris sasargeblod. `Zveli saqarTvelo~, t. IV, tf., 1914 - 1915ww. ganyof. III, gv. 1-72.

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XVIIs. _ arqanjelo lamberti italieli mogzauri _ 1633 - 1653w.w. `...qalaqis Suaguls Camourbis fazisi, romelic orad hyofs qalaqs. mSvenieri xidi ki orive mxares aerTebs. goraze romelic gadahyurebs qalaqs, dgas eklesia. es eklesia daculia ufro bunebrivi mdebareobiT, vidre xelovnuri samxedro simagriT~. lamberti arqanjelo, samegrelos aRwera, Targmani italiuridan aleqsandre Wyoniasi. XVIIs. me-2 gamoc. levan asaTianis winasityvaobiT, redaqciiT da SeniSvnebiT. Tb., 1938w. gv.10.

_ levan II dadianis mTavarangelozis xatis warwera _ 1646w. ` ... (aleqsandre III imereTis mefes) sofia wmidis saydari (bagratis taZari) meTofeebiT aevso da gaemagrebia~. qarTul xelnawerTa instituti _ dimitri meRvineTuxucesis fondi # 15.

_ aleqsi ievlevi ruseTis elCi saqarTveloSi _ 1650 - 1652ww. ` ...quTaisis cixe-galavani qvis aris. galavnis kedlebi simaRliT sami saJeni iqneba. cixis kedlebze, sakrebulo taZris pirdapir, oTxi didi palatia. gviambes, rom am palatebSi kaTalikosebi cxovrobdneno. galavnisa da koSkebis kedlebi ara erT adgilas Camongreulia. gviambes, rom wina wlebSi, Turqebis laSqari movida da Setevis dros is kedlebi da koSkebi zarbaznebiT Camoangrieso. amJamad es dangreuli kedlebi da koSkebi keTdebao. cixe-galavanze TxuTmeti didi da mcire koSkia. am didi cixe-galavanis saerTo moculoba aTasorasocdaaTi `didi saJenia~. cixe-galavani mdinare rionze, maRla mTazea gadamdgari. quTaisis im did cixe-galavanSi qvis, sakrebulo taZaria _ erTgumbaTiani, saucxood agebuli. gumbaTi gadaxurulia spilenZiT, Teqvsmet waxnagad. saydari didi Tlili qvebiT aris agebuli, saJnianiT da zogjer meti sididis. am sakrebulo taZris saerTo gare wris zoma oTxmocdaeqvsi `didi saJenia~, sakrebulo taZars garSemo qvis galavani aqvs Semoyolebuli _ ori saJenis simaRlis. sisqiT naxevari saJeni. galavanTan misvlamde, wminda alayafis karebamde ,sami didi palatia, rva-rva saJniani. galavanSive qvisgan agebuli samrekloa _ mrgvali. zed erTi zaria, rva fuTi iqneba; Sig ori ena aqvs. galavnis wre asoci `didi saJenia~.

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sakrebulo taZari RvTismSoblis miZinebis saxelobis aris. Sig, winaT kedlis mxatvroba yofila. saydarSi mrgvalad Tlili rva svetia. saydarSi am svetebze iqeT-aqeT gverdebze, TaRebs qvemoT kamarebia (patronike) SesaniSnavad gakeTebuli. am kamarebze asavali Signidan, saydarSi aris. gviambes, rom roca dResaswaulia da mefe-dedofali mwuxrs, ciskars da wirvas eswreba, maSin dedofali, sxva didebulTa meuRlebiTurT, am kamarebze imyofeba. dedofals galoba esmis, iq myofT yvelas xedavs, magram xalxi mas ver dainaxavs. saydarSi marjvena mxares, svetTan, qvisagan gakeTebuli mefis adgilia, zed mefeebia daxatuli. roca mefe im sakrebulo taZarSi modis, im Tavis adgilze dgeba. am adgilis pirdapir, sakurTxevlis kedelze, yovladwminda RvTismSoblis adgilobrivi (qarTuli) xatia, welszemoT gamosaxuli. xatis gvirgvini oqrosia, gvirgvinis samkaulebi minanqriT aris gakeTebuli. RvTismSobels da macxovars samoseli, saxate da misi karebi oqroTi daferili vercxliT aqvs moWedili. samoselis moWedilobaze saRvTo dResaswaulebi da wmindanebia amotvifruli. adgili sagangebod mowyobilia, xati Tavis budiT qviT aris amoSenebuli. xati iseT simaRleze dgas, rom xeliT Tu miwvdeba kaci, amitom xatis budemde sami qvis safexuria asasvleli, raTa xatis mTxveva SesaZlebeli iyos... aRsavlis karebis marcxena mxares, blaqernis yovladwminda RvTismSoblis xati maradiuli yrmiT, adgilobrivi xelovnebisaa. gvirgvini da Sua nawili oqroTi aris moWedili, gvirgvinis samkauli minanqriTaa Semkuli. RvTismSoblis gvirgvinSi laJvardisferi, didi iagundebia Casmuli. gverdebze mimagrebulia oqros ori patara kidobani. gviTxres, rom Sig wmida Toma mociqulis nawilebiao... xats arSiebi, bude da budis karebi amotvifruli vercxliT aqvs moWedili... moWediloba oqroSia daferili. gviambes, rom is yovladwminda RvTismSoblis xati, konstantinepolidan aris motanili da winaT blaqernis saydarSi idgao. im xatiTao, konstantine mefem, Tavisi qaliSvili akurTxao, roca mas imereTis mefe daviTze aTxovebdao, am qalma ki xati quTaisSi Tan wamoasvenao...~ aleqsandre ievlevis 1650-1652ww. imereTis samefoSi elCobis saangariSo aRweriloba, rusuli teqsti da qarTuli Targmani gamosacemad moamzadaA iase cincaZem, Tb., 1969w. gv.136. М. Полиевктов - Посольство стольника Толчанова и дьяка Иевлева в

Имеретию 1650-1652, Тб., 1926, стр. 151. _ vaxuSti batoniSvili qarTveli istorikosi da geografi _ 1691w. ` ... gamovidnen cixidam osmalni da Semusres quTaTisis eklesia yovlad wmidisa, did Suenierad gebuli ...~ qarTlis cxovreba, t. IV, Tb., 1973w. gv. 854.

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XVIIIs. _ vaxuSti batoniSvili qarTveli istorikosi da geografi _ 1745w. `aqa aRaSena nv mefeman bagrat yovlad wmidisa eklesia Suenieri, gumbaTiani, sruliad sofiis kenWiT Sinagan qmnuli da marmariloTa spetakiTa, wiTliTa da WreliTa, da suetebiTa misiTave, da yovliTa SemkobilebiTa sruli, da friad didi. dasua episkopozi, mwyemsi imereTisa da guriisa, TÂnier raWa-leCxumisa. zis awca da arRara

egdeniTa samwysoTi. daflul arian nv mefe bagrat, (IV) nz mefe giorgi

(II). aramed welsa CqJb, qarTulsa tp (1692w.) Semusres osmalTa, da wariRes suetni misni da marmariloni samcxes~. qarTlis cxovreba, t. IV, Tb., 1973w. gv. 761. `garna iqmna sagloveli rameTu gamovidnen cixidam osmalni da Semusres quTaTisis eklesia yovlad wmidisa, did Suenierad gebuli, vinaiTgan

avnebdnen cixesa munidam friad, qsa CqJa, qarT toT (1691w.)~. qarTlis cxovreba, t.IV, Tb., 1973w. gv. 854. _ ioane xucesis dRiuri _ 1770w. `quTaTisis cixes rusebma zarbaznebis srola dauwyes mwvane yvavilaTgan ... rusebi zarbazans da yumbaras esrodnen cixes dReSi aszed metsa ...~ S. lomsaZe _ gviani Sua saukuneebis saqarTvelos istoriidan, axalcixuri qronikebi, Tb., 1973w. gv. 129. _ i. giuldenStedti germaneli naturalisti ruseTis akademiis namdvili wevri _ 1772w. `...qalaqis SigniT, koSkis dasavleTis kedlis zemoT, dgas dangreuli qarTuli qristianuli eklesia, romelic sididiT mcxeTis eklesiis tolia. saxeldobr, 45 nabijis sigrZisa (saidanac 15 nabiji uWiravs samkveTlo-salaros roomelsac amfiTeatris saxe aqvs da 30 nabiji siganisaa. mTavari kedlis SigniT, is aris 20 nabiji siganisa, xolo SuaSi ovaluria da 5 nabijiTaa Seweuli yovel mxares. amiT eklesias jvris forma aqvs. am gamoweul adgilebSi aris patara Sesasvlelebi da amaTTan, kidev 10 nabijis moSorebiT, karibWeebia amoyvanili, romelTa msgavsic dasavleTis karis winac aris. yoveli grZeli kedlis bolosTan aris 5 sveti, 3 saJenis wrewirisa, romlebsac, albaT, TaRi eWiraT. svetebisagan mxolod qveda nawilebi dgas, saxuravi mTlianad Camoqceulia. 6 saJenis simaRlis kedlebi naSenia aguriT da riyis qviT,

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xolo garedan da Signidan maT Tlili qvis perangi aqvT. mTavari karis garSemo aris ramdenime, qvaSi sufTad amokveTili jvari; eklesiaSi ki arc suraTebia da arc warwerebi. am eklesiaSi devs ori marmarilos svetis naSTi. marmarilo gadatexis adgilas aris brWyviala. momwvano da moTeTro elferiT daUmuStisodena Savi laqebiT; es aris Cveulebrivi narevi. eklesiis maxloblad dgas patara samreklo. sCans Turqebma es eklesia daangries, roca qalaqi daipyres. roca grafma totlebenma 1770w. 6 agvistos ieriSiT gamoglija quTaisi Turqebs da solomon mefes daubruna, mefem yvela kedeli, gansakuTrebiT ki cixe, mTlianad daangrevina. Turqebi quTaisSi isxdnen 120 weli, ris gamoc axlac yovelive dangreulia. kedlis CrdiloeT da agreTve dasavleT mxareze Cans winaqalaqis nangrevebi ori eklesiis naSTiT. dasavleT kedlidan 100 nabijis moSorebiT, napirze, aris 20 nabijis ganikveTis abano~. giuldenStedtis mogzauroba saqarTveloSi, t.I, germanuli teqsti qarTuli TargmaniTurT gamosca da gamokvleva daurTo g. gelaSvilma, Tb., 1962w. gv. 139-143. _ iakob reinegsi LAgermaneli diplomati _ 1780-iani ww. `...Zveli qalaqi quTaisi gaSenebulia fazisis marjvena mxares, sakmaod, maRal, TiTqmis wawvetebul mTaze ... iq moCans qvisgan aSenebuli, Zalian lamazi eklesiis nangrevebi. misi arqiteqturuli stili da gareTa morTuloba didi gulmodginebiTaa gamoZerwili da asaxavs im epoqas, rodesac xelovnebam konstantinepolSi ukve dakarga Tavisi is wminda xasiaTi, rac didi xnis ganmavlobaSi sxvebisagan ansxvavebda berZnul monumentebs. mezobel imerlebs, didi xnis manZilze Robeebis gasakeTeblad aqedan mihqondaT kolonebis zogirTi nawilebi, kedlis qvebi. miuxedavad amisa, Senobis aqamde moRweuli naSTebi asaxaven am mxaris pirveli qristiani mefeebis RvTismorwmunebas da xelovnebis mdgomareobas iustinianes dros. am nangrevebis garSemo ganlagebulia xis Senobebi, romlebic warmoadgenen arqiepiskoposis rezidencias. ramdenime saxli ukavia misi eklesiis mRvdlebs da miwismoqmedT. aqve mdebareobs Tofiswamlis sawyobi. mezoblad aris SesaniSnavi wylis Semcveli wyaroebi~. reinegsi iakob _ kavkasiis zogadi istoriul-topografiuli aRwera, naw. II, germanulidan Targmna s. kakabaZem, 1979w. gv 40.

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XIXs.

_ Jak fransua gamba safrangeTis konsuli TbilisSi _ 1824w. `aq aris qviT nagebi Zalze lamazi eklesiis nangrevebi~ Jak fransua gamba - mogzauroba samxreT ruseTSi, kerZod amierkavkasiaSi,, frang. Targmna mzia mgalobliSvilma, Tb., 1987w. gv132. J. F. Gamba - Voyage dans la Rusie meridionale fait depuis 1820 wigns darTuli aqvs taZris Canaxati, 1824w. _ diubua deьmonpere Sveicarieli bunebismetyveli da mogzauri _ 1833w. `bagrat III daiwyo, xolo bagrat IV daasrula quTaisis taZari. am meore bagrats colad hyavda romaeli imperatoris - argiris qaliSvili elene da simamrisgan man mziTvad miuRia arqiteqtorebi da muSebi eklesiis dasasruleblad, romelic stiliT bizantiur-somxuri tipisaa. bizantiuri jvris saxiT agebuli taZari sigrZiT 112 franguli futi, xolo siganiT 26-ia. jvris centrSi oTx rvakuTxa svets ekava gumbaTi, diametriT 26 futi. kapitelebi sapire mxridan, cxovelTa gamosaxulebebiT iyo morTuli. aq ZiriTadad Svlebze da irmebze monadire vefxvebia. gairCeva raRac sfinqsebi da sqel yelsabamiani frinvelebi adamianis gamosaxulebebiT, romelTac brWyalebiT gvelebi da mtredebi uWiravT. eklesiis Sida sivrce SebaTqaSebuli da moxatuli yofila, romlisgan naSTebiRa SemorCa. Sida gaformebaSi mefobs bizantiuri stili. garegnulad ki kievis lavris eklesias hgavs. mTels Senobaze mxolod 4 warweraa _ yvela qarTuli. erT-erTi gvauwyebs, rom Senoba dafuZnebula 223 wels qoronikoniT,anu 1003wels. bareliefi erTia _ wina fasadis yvelaze maRal da mdidrulad morTul sarkmelis TaRis patara niSaSi warmodgenilia angelozi, romelsac xeli aqvs CaWidebuli bagratze. imave kedelze, ufro maRla jvaria amokveTili. sarkmlis CarCoze vasiliski da grifonia gamosaxuli ucnaurad - Tavebi maT marjvniv aqvT, kudebi ki marcxniv. aseTive grifonebi aRmosavleTis TiTqmis yvela Zeglze gvxvdeba, pantikapeionis samarxebidan persipolisis nangrevebamde. Turqebs 1691w. dauwyiaT taZris ngreva. giuldenStets jer kidev 1772w. ramdenime Sida sveti fexze mdgomi unaxavs, axla ki aRaraferia darCenili, arc gumbaTis da arc kamarebis didi nawilisgan. taZarSi asaflavebdnen mdidar WirisufalTa micvalebulebs. samxreTiT miSenebulia ekvderi, romelSic egzarqosi swiravs. erTxel im adgilis maxloblad sadac egzarqosi swiravda qva Camovardnila da igi kinaRam gauWyletia. ubeduri SemTxvevis Tavidan asacileblad mas gamouTxovia taZris im nawilis dangreva romelic masze miSenebul ekvders daqcevas uqadda. jer kidev 1772w. quTaisSi abxazeTis patriarqs daqvemdebarebuli mitropolitis kaTedra yofila. patriarqi Cveulebriv geguTSi cxovrobda. amJamad patriarqis da mitropolitis valdebulebebi gaerTianebulia imereTis arqiepiskoposis saxiT~.

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F. Dubois de montpereux - Voyage autcur du Caucase..., t.I, Paris, 1839, p.418. F. Dubois de montpereux - Atlas, serie d`architectur, ou IIIe serie, Neuchatel en Suisse, 1840, tab. XII _ XVII. Ф. Дюбуа де Монпере - Путешествие вкруг Кавказа, I, пер. сфранц. Н. А.

Данкевич-Пущиной, c. 5. _ a. p. muraviovi rusi mogzauri _ 1848w. `...manande sanam bagratis poetur nangrevebs vixilavdiT meufesTan erTad SevediT dRevandel miZinebis saxelobis eklesiaSi, romelic moridebulad aris ganTavsebuli uZvelesi da umSvenieresi taZris samxreT karibWeSi ... taZris CrdiloeTis kedeli yvelaze ukeT aris SemorCenili da sarkmlis qveS, aq RvTismSoblis gamosaxulebaa ... vinc Sexedavs am eklesiis TaRiT daxurul SiSvel kedlebs, xolo Semdeg bagratis taZris didebul nangrevebs, ver daijerebs, rom aq bagrationTa STamomavalni mefobdnen. SedarebiT Zveli ieri aqvs samreklos, sadac patara ekvderic arsebobda. aqve SeimCneva mefis karmidamos nakvalevi; misgan axla darCenilia qvis terasa rionze da saukunovani cacxvebi...~. А. П. Муравьев - Грузия и Армения, ч. 3. СПБ., 1848.

_ mixeil selezniovi rusi mogzauri _ 1847w. `...rionis marjvena mxareze aRmarTulia 100 saJeni simaRlis TiTqmis Sveuli gora, romlis Tavze, Zvelad dafuZnebuli iqna qalaqi quTaisi, romelic Semdeg gadaitanes xeobaSi. amas gvemowmeba irgvlivi qvis kedeli; agreTve, taZrebisa da SenobaTa naSTebi; amaTgan marjvniv aris citadeli, romelic rusebma waarTves Turqebs: igi axla SekeTebulia da gamagrebuli. mis axlos aris Xs-is dasasruls agebuli wm. samebis saxelobis grandiozuli taZris naSTebi. taZris kedlebi Semosilia Tlili qviT. rogorc Cans, taZars SigniT hqonda didi kolonebi, maRali gumbaTi da berZnuli mxatvroba, rac nawilobriv axlac Cans da Tavisi sidiadiT aocebs yvela mecnier mogzaurs. taZari daangries Turqebma bagrat Tvaldavsilis dros, roca aiRes citadeli, ris Sedegad, ori saukunea dacarielebuli dgas. am taZris axlo, amwvanebul daqanebaze, dgas patara eklesia, sadac inaxeba Zveli, adrindeli taZris wm. mariam qalwulis xati. eklesias emijneba arqiepiekoposis Senoba, seminaria da saxli samRvdeloTaTvis... citadelSi aris grZeli saidumlo gvirabebi rionze da gamoqvabulebSi, sadac aqaurTa rwmeniT, inaxeba maTi Zveli sxvadasxva iaraRi da nivTebi...~. М. Селезнѐв - Руководство к познанию Кавказа, кн. 2, СПБ., 1847, с.72-74.

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w a r w e r e b i I. warwera. 1003w. aRmosavleT mklavis CrdiloeT fasadze, sarkmlis qvemoT, marjvniv:A G`† odes g(a)nmtkicna iat(a)ki qr(oni)k(o)ni iyo 223~ FHFH II. warwera. 1001-1008ww. aRmosavleT mklavis CrdiloeT fasadze, sarkmlis qvemoT, marcxniv: `† Ä meufeo, mflobelo y(ove)lTa suf(e)v(a)Tao, um(e)t(e)sad adide Zlieri b(a)gr(a)t k(u)r(a)p(a)l(a)ti, afx(a)zTa da q(a)rTv(e)lTa m(e)fÀ, Tana mamiT, dediT, dedofliT da ZiT m(a)TiT, a(me)n~

III. warwera. XIs. aRmosavleT fasadze, ormagi sarkmlebis zemoT, arqivoltis qveda arSiaze: PP `[†] S(e)w(e)vn(i)Ta R(mr)Tis(a)ÁTa, b(a)gr(a)tis(a)g(a)n n(e)b(i)Ta R(mr)T[i]s(a)ÁTa afx(a)zTa da q(a)rTv(e)lTa m(e)f[(i)sa da k(u)r(a)p(a)l(a)t(i)sa da d(e)d(i)sa m(a)]Tisa g(u)r(a)nd(u)xt d(e)d(o)flisa, aR(e)S(e)na w(mida)Á ese s(a)yd(a)ri, Â(e)liTa [...]~

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IV. warwera. XIs. aRmosavleT fasadze, centraluri TaRis marjvena svetisTavis zemoT, samkuTxa segmentSi: `q(rist)e, S(eiwyal)e i(ova)ne~ V. warwera. XIs. taZris samkveTlos CrdiloeT kedelSi wyobis qveda meoTxe rigSi: `[ . . . ]m(a)S(ene)b(eli)~ an `[?] mS(o)b(eli)~ VI. warwera. XIs. taZris CrdiloeT mklavis aRmosavleT kedelze, wyobis qveda mexuTe rigSi: `w(mida)o R(mr)T(i)s[m]Sobelo [. . . ]~ VII. warwera. XIs. taZris ra nawilSi iyo moTavsebuli ucnobia. SemorCenilia mxolod warweris fotonegativi: `q(rist)e, S(eiwyal)e [. . . ] am(a)s z(ed)a [. . . ] iw( )maa [. . . ] ~

12

VIII. warwera. XIs. taZris samxreT-dasavleTi kuTxis cokolis erT-erT qvaze, samxreTis mxares: `oqropÁrsa~

IX. warwera. XVIs. taZris dasavleTi Sesasvlelis marcxniv, cokolis erT-erT qvaze: `TurmanisZesa zaqarbersa [Seundven RmerTman]~. X. warwera antefiqsze. XIs. monacrisfro - movardisfro Tixa, 12X7.7 sm. inaxeba quTaisis saxelmw. istoriul muzeumSi: `q(rist)e ad(id)e~

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X1. warwera antefiqsze. XIs. wiTeli Tixa, 15X10sm. inaxeba quTaisis saxelmw. istoriul muzeumSi: `g(iorg)i m(ef)e~

XII. warwera antefiqsze. X-XIs. wiTeli Tixa, 11X12.5sm. inaxeba quTaisis arqeologiuri gaTxrebis bazaze: `q(rist)e ad(id)e~ XIII. warwera antefiqsze. X-XIs. wiTeli Tixa, 12X9 sm. inaxeba quTaisis arqeologiuri gaTxrebis bazaze: `q(rist)e ad(id)e~

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XIV. warwera antefiqsze. XIs. moWiquli wiTeli Tixa, 15X9.5 sm. inaxeba quTaisis saxelmw. istoriul muzeumSi: `[q(rist)e] ad(id)e~ XV. warwera antefiqsze. X-XI ss. wiTeli Tixa, 12X8 sm. inaxeba quTaisis arqeologiuri gaTxrebis bazaze: `ant(o)ni~ warwerebis wakiTxva mocemulia v. silogavas mixedviT. ix. bibl. 22 da 23.

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taZris gamagrebis da aRdgenis istoria

taZris Seswavlas jer kidev XIX s-Si Seudgnen, magram misi safuZvliani, mecnieruli gamokvleva mxolod XX s-is me-2 meoTxedidan daiwyo. nagebobam daungrevlad moaRwia XVII s-is bolomde, im dromde sanam igi osmalebma aafeTqes denTiT 1691wels. amas daemata general totlebenis mier uqimerionis cixis dabombva (1770w.), ramac mTlianad Seiwira taZris zeda nawilebi. Tumca im droisTvis samive karibWe da gumbaTqveSa svetebis qveda monakveTebi jer kidev fexze idga. dasavleTis karibWe 1833 wels Camoingra. amave xanebSi gadaakeTes samxreTis karibWe samrevlo eklesiad. taZris kedlebi TandaTan iSleboda, nangrevebi imoseboda suroTi, xolo misi teritoria gadaiqca saamSeneblo masalis ioli mopovebis obieqtad. taZari pirvelad gamoikvlia da misi grafikuli restavracia, gumbaTis yelianad Seasrula diubua de monperem¹ (1833w.). eklesiis momdevno gegma ekuTvnis mari broses¹ (1851w.). a. pavlinovma ki nagebobis gegmasTan erTad gamoaqveyna eklesiis Wrilebis da fasadebis grafikuli restavraciis naxazebi¹ (1893w.). am mkvlevarTa monacemebi gansxvavdeba erTmaneTisgan da amasTan ar asaxavs nagebobis realur saxes. 1925-26ww.-Si taZari moinaxules da mis Sesaxeb mosazrebebi gamoTqves g. CubinaSvilma da n. severovma¹. nagebobis zusti anazomi ki mxolod 1937-39ww. Sesrulda (n. severovi) da praqtikulad im droidan iwyeba misi mecnieruli kvleva. ra mdgomareobaSi daxvdaT mkvlevarebs bagratis taZari? 1937 wlisTvis mTlianad iyo Camongreuli nagebobis zeda nawili gumbaT-kamarebianad. aRar iyo adgilze gumbaTqveSa svetebi da dasavleTis patronikeTa sistema. SedarebiT ukeT iyo SemorCenili CrdiloeTis absidi, samxreTisa ki morRveuliyo Sewyvilebul sarkmlebs zeviT. aseve garRveuli iyo aRm. mklavis centraluri are (1930w. es narRvevi gaamagres droebiTi kedliT) da frontoni, xolo dasavleT fasadis samxreTi nawili _ TiTqmis mTlianad mongreuli. kedlebi praqtikulad SemoZarculi iyo sapire wyobisgan. mTlianad iyo dangreuli Crdilo da dasavleTis karibWeebi da garsSemosavleli, Crd. dasavleTis kuTxis koSki ki _ dazianebuli da moSlili. samxreTis karibWe daumaxinjebiaT XIX s-Si miSenebuli kedlebiT. taZari SigniT da gareT avsebula qva-RorRiT, kedlebi ki dafarula xSiri mcenareulobiT. miuxedavad amgvari savalalo mdgomareobisa, bagratis taZris nangrevebi didebuli sanaxavi iyo da swored aseTi _ suromodebuli da ferweruli nangrevebi iwvevda mnaxvelSi esTetikur tkbobas da erTgvar rids da mowiwebas misi ZnelbediTi istoriisadmi. _ qvemoT CamoTvlili sarestavracio samuSaoebis sruli sailustracio masala mocemulia dabla _ aRdgenis dasuraTebul nusxaSi.

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1930w. aRmosavleT fasadis Sua nawilis gamagrebis mizniT, erTiani kedliT amoaSenes misi Sua are. Sekres samxreT-dasavleTis gaglejili kuTxe da mcire zomis filebiT Semoses, Crdilo fasadis aRm. nawili. samuSao Caatara `rionhesma.~ 1939-41ww. samxreTis karibWeze moixsna XIXs-is danamatebi. arasaTanado wyobiT amoSenda karibWis aRm. da dasavl. kedlebi da gaixsna samxreTis samTaRedi. Tumca es ar iyo Zeglis mecnieruli restavracia, radgan karibWes ar dabrunebia Tavdapirveli saxe. Semdeg II msoflio omma samuSaoebi Seaferxa da igi gagrZelda mxolod 1950-iani wlebidan. nagebobis zust arqeologiur anazomze dafuZnebuli, taZris Tavdapirveli saxis dadgenis pirveli meTodologiuri kvleva, ganaxorciela arqit. n. severovma da Seadgina grafikuli restavraciis proeqti. man gamoTqva zogierTi sarekonstruqcio mosazrebac¹. es proeqti ZiriTadad taZris nangrevebSi SemorCenil monacemebzea agebuli da mis mixedviT interieri Semdegnairadaa gadawyvetili: 16 sarkmliani gumbaTi afrebis saSualebiT eyrdnoba, mrgval bazebze dafuZnebul, oTx Tavisuflad mdgom rvawaxnaga burjs. aRmosavleTiT ganTavsebulia centr. sakurTxevlis absidi da misi mimdebare orsarTuliani pastoforiebi, xolo dasavleT mklavSi _ Crdilo da samxreT navebis meore sarTulebis momcveli da dasavleTis kedelTan gaerTianebuli, svetebze Semomdgari patronikeni. am sivrciT ganzomilebaTa forma da doneebi, iseve rogorc lavgardanebis, frontonebis da kexis simaRle, n. severovma daadgina nangrevebze SemorCenili realiebiT. n. severovis mier gamoTqmuli mosazrebebi meTodologiurad gamarTulia, Tumca zogierTi maTgani ar daadastura Semdgomma kvlevebma. magaliTad mas miaCnda, rom taZris Crdilo-dasavleTis samsarTuliani koSkis analogiuri moculoba unda yofiliyo aRmarTuli, mis mopirdapire, samxreT-dasavleT mxaresac, xolo cent. sakurTxevlis win, kuTxeebSi unda mdgariyo mrgval svetebze dafuZnebuli ¾ moculobis mrgvali svetebi. Surfebis gaTxris Sedegad koSkis da svetebis naSTebi miTiTebul adgilebSi ar dadasturda. aseve ar dadasturda jvruli kveTis svetebi dasavleTis patronikensa da gumbaTqveSa burjebs Soris da centraluri sakurTxevlis fasadis erTsarkmlianoba. 1951w-dan bagratis taZris Seswavlas da aRdgena-gamagrebis proeqtis Sedgenas Seudga arqiteqtor-restavratori vaxtang cincaZe. dasawyisidanve ganisazRvra restavraciis strategia. gaTvaliswinebuli iqna taZris fizikuri mdgomareoba da aqedan gamomdinare, daiwyo nagebobis gegmazomieri aRdgena-gamagrebis rTuli da xangrZlivi procesi da rogorc Tavad v. cincaZe ixsenebs, `saerTo proeqtiT gaTvaliswinebuli samuSaoebi ixveweboda calkeuli ubnebis, Zeglis saerTo fonze mecnieruli gamokvleva Seswavlis dros da mxolod amis Semdeg xdeboda ama Tu im ubnis samuSao proeqtis Sedgena da misi adgilze ganxorcieleba~.¹

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1951-52ww.-Si v. cincaZis xelmZRvanelobiT ganxorcielda Semdegi samuSaoebi: a). dadginda dacviTi zonebi bagratis taZris garSemo da ganisazRvra zedmeti nagebobebis aReba, taZris istoriuli teritoriis ukeT Seswavlis da dacvis mizniT; b). daiwyo taZris gawmenda gars Semomdgari 2m. simaRlis miwisa da qva-RorRisgan. aizoma da daxarisxda miwiT dafaruli, taZridan Camocvenili arqit. detalebi; g) ganxorcielda Zeglis sruli fiqsacia _ Canaxatebi, arqeologiuri anazomi, fotofiqsacia; (taZris gawmendaSi monawileobas iRebdnen arqiteqtori m. dvali, arqeologi b. ramiSvili da g. masxaraSvili. anazomi Sesrulda arqit. T. kandelakis da d. morbedaZis monawileobiT). d) nagebobis safuZvlebis da gegmis srulyofilad dadgenis mizniT gaiTxara Surfebi da Catarda saamSeneblo masalis petrografiuli analizi (dadginda, rom saamSeneblo masalad gamuyenebiaT kirqva, romelic dResac moipoveba quTaisis maxloblad eklaris samtexloze); e). am mosamzadebeli samuSaoebis Semdeg, Sedga nagebobis zogadi da samxreT-aRmosavleT monakveTis aRdgena-gamagrebis samuSao proeqti. proeqti damtkicda saqarTvelos mecnierebaTa akademiis prezidiumTan arsebuli meToduri sabWos mier, xolo samuSaoebis warmoeba daevala saqarTvelos kulturis saministros, kulturis ZeglTa dacvisa da restavraciis saqmeTa sammarTvelosTan 1952w. gaxsnil, samecniero- sarestavracio sawarmoo saxelosnos, dasavleT saqarTvelos ubans. am ubnis ufrosad dainiSna quTaiseli inJineri grigol (griSa) asaTiani, romelic SemdgomSi, wlebis ganmavlobaSi xelmZRvanelobda bagratis taZris samSeneblo warmoebas. sarestavracio strategiiT gansazRvruli iyo Tavdapirvelad taZris gamagreba mTel perimetrze. aRdgena unda ganxorcielebuliyo Tanamedrove sarestavracio meTodologiis mixedviT, rac iTvaliswinebda nagebobis srulyofil kvlevas da Camongreuli nawilebis ardgenas kvlevisa da adgilze moZiebuli konstruqciuli detalebis da kedlebze SemorCenili budeebis mixedviT. 1952-54ww. aRdgena-gamagrebis I etapi _ restavratori v. cincaZe. samxreT fasadis aRmosavleT nawilis da samx. aRmosavleT kuTxis aRdgena, aRmosavleT fasadis mimdebare samxreTis monakveTiT. cokoli, bazebi, pilastrebi, lilvebi, kapitelebi, TaRedebi, kedlis perangi, sarkmlebi, reliefuri gamosaxulebebi, lavgardanebi _ aRdga adgilze moZiebuli konstruqciuli detalebis da SemorCenili kvlebis mixedviT. aRdgenis procesSi gairkva, rom aRm. mklavis kedlebi 50sm-iT viwro da gansxvavebuli teqtonikuri agebulebis yofila, nagebobis danarCen kedlebTan SedarebiT, rac mis Semdegdroindelobaze unda miuTiTebdes.

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SurfebiT aseve dadginda cent. sakurTxevlis win, kuTxeebSi ori burjis baza, romlebic aseve mSeneblobis pirvel etaps ekuTvnoda. mSeneblobis meore etapze ki es bazebi gadauTliaT da rvawaxnaga burjebis magivrad aq sakurTxevliswina pilonebi aRumarTavT. aseve gamovlinda karg mdgomareobaSi myofi mZlavri saZirkvlebi, ramac daasabuTa, rom Senobis ngreva ganpirobebuli yofila gareSe faqtorebiT. Surfebis gaTxriT aseve ar dadasturda koSkis arseboba dasavleT fasadis samxreT kuTxeSi. 1958-59ww. aRdga samxreTis karibWe _ restavratori v. cincaZe. karibWes daubrunda Tavdapirveli saxe. daiSala arasaTanado wyobiT amoSenebuli aRm. da dasavl. kedlebi, aRdga kedlis dekori da moxsna CuqurTmebSi Camjdari nalesobis da SeTeTrebis naSTebi. aseve daiSala misi frontoni da kamara, gamagrda betonis Semkravi saSualebiT da xelaxla aewyo (gamagrebiT samuSaoebs awarmoebda inJiner-konstruqtori d. lomaZe). karibWesTan erTad aRdga samxreT mklavis centraluri nawili samsarkmliani kompoziciiT da zemodan daedo sakonservacio fena. 1960-iani wlebidan daiwyo taZris dasavleT monakveTis aRdgena. v. cincaZe Tavis angariSSi aRniSnavs: “samxreT-dasavleTis kuTxe afeTqebis Zalam gaglija (igulisxmeba taZris afeTqeba Turqebis mier 1691 w.). kuTxis qveda nawili, cokolidan zeviT-samiode metris simaRleze dauzianebeli aRmoCnda, Tu ar CavTliT sapire wyobas, romelic mogvianebiT unda iyos Camoclili. ngreva ufro zeviT gavrcelda. Camoingra dasavleTis fasadis marjvena nawilis TiTqmis mTeli simaRlis ori mesamedi.samxreTis fasadze ki Camoingra xuTTaRedis zeda nawili. TviT kedeli, patronikenis iatakis doneze gadatyda da Sveulidan 16-18 sm-iT gadmoixara. droTa ganmavlobaSi, gamofituli, Camocvenili da dakarguli iyo rogorc TaRnaris nawili, aseve sapire wyoba. ase rom, Tu dasavleTis fasadis aRniSnuli nawili srulebiT dakarguli iyo, aq, samxreTiT, kedlis zeda nawils jer kidev marTlac rom “suli kbiliT eWira”. proeqti iTvaliswinebda samxreT-dasavleTis kuTxis dakarguli nawilis aRdgenas. es aucilebeli piroba iyo upirvelesad imisaTvis, raTa gadagverCina 20-22 metris simaRleze damoukideblad ayudebuli dasavleTis fasadis didi nawili. mas davukavSirebdiT samxreTis xuTTaRedian kedels da SevkravdiT wyobaSi moTavsebuli rkina-betonis qamriT. es, Tavis mxriv, uzrunvelyofda rogorc samxreTis kedlis simtkices, aseve mis konservacias; rac Seexeba samxreTis kedlis zeda nawilis gadmoxras, saSiSi ar iqneboda, vinaidan kedels sawinaaRmdego mxridan sagrZnoblad didi masa unda mimateboda. amgvarad, proeqtiT ganxorcielebuli aRdgena-gamagrebiTi samuSaoebis Catarebis Sedegad, aRdgenili iqna rogorc am ubnis simtkice, ise nagebobis Tavdapirveli arqiteqtonikuri gadawyveta, romelic yvela, dRemde arsebul rekonstruqciaSi ar iyo sworad warmodgenili.

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dasavleTis fasadsa da Crdilo-dasavleTis kuTxeSi mdebare samsarTuliani sacxovrebeli koSkis aRdgena-gamagreba, ZiriTadad, exeboda am koSkis saxuravis gamarTvas da dakarguli sapire an xuroTmoZRvrul formaTa ganmsazRvreli qvebis aRdgena-konservaciis samuSaoebs; dasavleTis fasadze ki koSkiT dafaruli nawilis dazianebuli qveda-narteqsis da zeda-patronikenis sarkmlebis aRdgeniT, vertikalurad CamoSlili nawilis Sekvras. rogorc avRniSneT, dasavleTi mklavis fasadis centraluri nawili, gavamagreT samxreT-dasavleTis kuTxeze Catarebuli samuSaoebis Sedegad. darCenili gvqonda Crdilo-dasavleTis kuTxeze SemorCenili karnizis Tavdapirveli mdebareobisa da misi struqturis aRdgena. adgilze kvlevis dros davrwmundiT, rom: kuTxe, romelzedac iyo gamagrebuli karnizi, ar iyo Tavdapirveli saxiT SemorCenili; misi wyobis rigebi areuli iyo, TviT kuTxe ki gamosuli _ Sveuli mimarTulebidan; rTuli profilis batiyela karnizi, rogorc amas Tla gvikarnaxebda, ar ido sworad; arc karnizis kuTxis Semklavebuli nawili iyo Tavis rigze gamarTuli da a.S. mogvixda Crdilo-dasavleTis kuTxis wyobis daSla da misi Tavdapirvels miaxlovebuli saxiT aRdgena, rac moxerxda karnizis nawilebis Seswavlisa da urTierTSepirispirebiT morgebiT. aviReT misi Sabloni, ris saSualebiTac davamzadeT da davawyveT axali, e.i. gavzardeT karnizis sigrZe. Seqmnili kexi taZris mklavebis zeda nawilis erTaderTi damafiqsirebeli adgilia da mas, rogorc saerTod nagebobis, ise mis calkeul xuroTmoZRvrul formaTa warmoCenisaTvis sagangebo mniSvneloba eniWeba. aRm-is fasadi danarCenTan SedarebiT yvelaze cudad iyo SemorCenili. afeTqebam gaglija misi qveda centraluri nawili, sadac 1930 wels damWeri kedeli Seuyudes. fasadis marjvena nawili, CrdiloeTis saTavsebis umetesi nawiliT, sruliad iyo gamqrali. marcxena-samxreTis saTavsebis mxolod mopirkeTebis ramdenime kvadri iyo adgilze SemorCenili. ase rom, aRmosavleTis fasadis, araTu xuroTmoZRvruli gadawyveta, aramed misi mzidavi kedlebis didi nawili da gansakuTrebiT centraluri, savsebiT ganadgurebuli iyo. fasadis SemorCenili fragmentebis Seswavlis Sedegad SesaZlebeli gaxda fasadis mxatvruli gadawyvetis sqemis aRdgena. mTavari, rac am fasadis aRdgenisas adrec ipyrobda mklevarTa yuradRebas, iyo sakurTxevlis sarkmeli. dRemde yvela arsebul rekonstruqciaze erTi didi

sarkmelia gamoxatuli. adgilze Catarebuli kvlevis dros interierSi mosalodneli sarkmelis qveviT aRmoCnda ori qva, romlebsac zedapiruli damuSavebis garda, erTs, sarkmlisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli CaqanebiT damuSavebuli ori mrudi hqonda. qveda mrudi ufro didi, zeda ki SedarebiT mcire diametriT iyo amoWrili. meore qvas zedapiris garda erTi mrudi hqonda, romlis diametri pirveli qvis mcire mrudis diametrs imeorebda. am qvebidan aRebuli Sabloni

20

zeviT darCenil wyobis qvebs SevuTavseT da gamoirkva, rom moZiebuli ori qva, samsarkmliani kompoziciidan iyo SemorCenili. pirveli qvis qveda mrudi maRali marcxena sarkmlisa iyo, zeda ki – mrgvali sarkmlisa, romelsac meore qvis mrudi SeuTavsda. amrigad, gairkva, rom sakurTxevelSi meore xuroTmoZRvarma sami sarkmlidan Sedgenili is kompozicia gaimeora, romelic adre, pirvel xuroTmoZRvars hqonda ukve samxreTisa da CrdiloeTis mklavebSi gakeTebuli. es faqti kidev ufro naTeli gaxda, rodesac daviwyeT 1930 wels amoyvanili kedlis nawil-nawil daSla da kedlis Tavdapirveli xuroTmoZRvruli saxis aRdgena. aRmoCnda, rom 1930 wels wyobaSi Tavdapirvel adgilze SemorCenili iyo samsarkmliani kompoziciis qveda,

didi, marcxena sarkmlis moCarCoebidan S ornamentiani fragmenti. proqtiT gaTvaliswinebuli iyo aRmosavleTis fasadis Crdilo-aRmosavleTis kuTxis aRdgena, orive sarTulis saTavsebis absidiT da konqiT. rogorc ki es samuSaoebi dasrulda, gadavediT CrdiloeTis fasadze. CrdiloeTs fasadis aRmosavleTisa da dasavleTis nawilis aRdgena-gamagrebis samuSaoebi Sesatyvis fasadebze samuSaos warmoebis dros SevasruleT, saukuneTa manZilze mzrunveli xelis gareSe darCenili CrdiloeTis mklavi ukiduresad cud mdgomareobaSi iyo. mas suro Semoxveoda da mravali aTeuli wlebis ganmavlobaSi fesvebiT RrRnida da Slida kvadrebis SemakavSirebel xsnars. daZruli iyo sapire wyoba, pilastrebisa da TaRnaris lilvebi svetisTavebiT. ngreva zevidanac ulmoblad mimdinareobda. mklavis gadaxurva, saburavis sagebeli da karnizebi mTlianad dakarguli iyo. konqis triumfaluri TaRi Camovardnili, CamoSlili iyo konqis erTi mesamedi, suroSi gaxveuli danarCensac Camongreva emuqreboda. aRdgena gamagrebis proeqtiT gaTvaliswinebuli iyo: suros mocileba, mklavis damxurav konqis aRdgena, daZruli kvadrebis moxsna, gawmenda da kvlav Tavis adgilze dabruneba. es saqme metad Sromatevadi aRmoCnda, vinaidan igi mklavis mopirkeTebis did nawils Seexo. sagangebod gvinda SevniSnoT, rom, rodesac CrdiloeT mklavze aRdgena-gamagrebis samuSaoebi daviwyeT, konqis TaRis gawmendis dros, CrdiloeTi fasadis axlos, Camoyril nangrevebs, naSal xsnarsa da mcenareTa Soris aRmoCnda, zemoT ukve aRniSnuli, ramdenime molurjo-mwvane WiquriT daferili warweriani, kramiti. es kramiti Tavisi formiT karnizis zeda pirveli rigisaTvis aris sagangebod damzadebuli. povnis adgilis mdebareoba gvafiqrebinebs, rom igi aq gumbaTidan Camovardnis Sedegad unda iyos moxvedrili. warweraSi, rogorc vTqviT, bagrat III-is Svili – giorgia moxsenebuli, rac, Tavis mxriv, Zeglis cxovrebis mniSnelovan etapebze mogviTxrobs.

21

amgvarad, 1970 wlisaTvis zogadi proeqtiT gaTvaliswinebuli yvela samuSao dazustda da dasrulda. Zeglis periferiuli kedlebis restavraciis dasrulebis Semdeg, ferweruli suraTis mqone Zeglis nangrevebi gadaiqca ruinirebul arqiteqturul nagebobad. es gansazRvra exeboda Zeglis garegan saxes, sadac Tavdapirveli saxiT Semonaxuli iyo mdidari dekoraciuli morTuloba, didi raodenobis mxatvruli detalebiT. interierSi ki, Cangreulia sivrcobriv formaTa Semqmneli yvela elementi: gumbaTis damWeri boZebi, svetebi da TaR-kamarebi, sivrcis gamyofi kedlebi da, bolos, TviT gumbaTic; e.i. gamqralia Sinagani sivrcis agebulebis ideac ki da sivrciTi formebis damokidebuleba nagebobis garegan masebTan da fasadebis dekorTan. 1972 wels saqarTvelos ssr mecnierebaTa akademiis meTodur sabWos movaxseneT Zeglis interierSi nawilobrivi aRdgeniTi samuSaoebis Catarebis aucileblobis Sesaxeb. sabWom moiwona es winadadeba da miiRo gadawyvetileba misi ganxorcielebis Sesaxeb. SevudeqiT proeqtis Sedgenas, romlis mTavar ideas warmoadgens Zeglze, interierSi, SemorCenili elementebis nawilobrivi aRdgeniT, Tavdapirveli sivrcis gamomJRavneba im zomamde, rom aRdgenilma nawilma nagebobis interieris mxatvruli arsis aRqmis saSualeba mogvces. am dros darCenili detalebi moTavsdeboda maTs Tavdapirvel adgilze. saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi, ZeglisaTvis esTetikuri funqciebis dabrunebis SesaZlebloba dasaSvebadaa miCneuli italiis “restavratorTa qartiaSic”. bagratis taZris interieris warmosadgenad ZiriTad aqcents iZlevian gumbaTqveSa boZebi, romelTa bazebi darCenilia adgilze. SemorCenilia agreTve maTi kapitelebi. oTxi boZidan Cven erTi, Crdilo-aRmosavleTis, aRvadgineT mTel simaRleze. sxva boZebi da svetebi avamaRleT sxvadasxva simaRleze, rogorc es interieris sivrcis warmoCenisaTvis miviCnieT saWirod. 1979w. maisiT daTariRebuli proeqti zeviT aRniSnuli samuSaoebis gagrZelebas iTvaliswinebs da eyrdnoba 1978w. 9 ivnisis, Zeglze samecniero sabWos mier miRebul dadgenilebas. “vinaidan arsebobs yvela monacemi sakurTxevlis konqis aRsadgenad, konqi aRdges ise, rom misi CrdiloeTis nawili bemis CrdiloeTis kedliT daukavSirdes gumbaTqveSa Crdilo-aRmosavleTis boZs, rac uzrunvelyofs Crdilo-aRmosavleTis boZisa da kuTxis simtkices”. amave sxdomis oqmSi gaTvaliswinebulia sxva, mcire samuSaoTa Catareba. proeqti iTvaliswinebs agreTve sakurTxevlis win SerCenil, feradi xsnariT Sesrulebuli “mozaikuri” iatakis dacvas. iataki unda mTlianad gaTavisufldes mis dasacavad dayrili miwisgan. mozaika unda aRdges gamagrdes da momzaddes saCveneblad. naleqebisagan dasacavad gaTvaliswinebulia liTonis konstruqciaze minis safaris mowyoba.

22

wvimis wyali gadayvanili iqneba RariT. amave RariT moxdeba sakurTxevelSi dagrovili naleqebis gayvana interieris gareT. 1979 wliT daTariRebuli proeqtiT gaTvaliswinebuli samuSaoebi dasasruls uaxlovdeba. aRniSnuli proeqtis ganmartebiT baraTSi naTqvamia: am samuSaos “SesrulebiT damTavrdeba TviT taZris restavracia, Zeglis mecnieruli dacvis Semdegi etapi ki iTvaliswinebs 1833 wels dangreul dasavleTis karibWis aRdgenas”. 1985 wels v. cincaZis xelmZRvanelobiT restavratorTa jgufma (iv. gremelaSvili, d. berbiWaSvili i. banZelaZe) daiwyo samxreT mklavis frontonis da satriumfo TaRis aRdgena. aRdgenas am SemTxvevaSic win uswrebda SemorCenili konstruqciuli nawilebis safuZvliani kvleva. amave dros daiwyo mudmivmoqmedi arqeologiuri gaTxrebi (1984w.) da taZris teritoriis ganTavisufleba zedmeti nagebobebisgan. am saqmeTa wamomwyebi da mxarSi mdgomi iyo quTaisis maSindeli xelmZRvaneli mamuka aslanikaSvili. 1986w. dasrulda samxreT mklavis aRdgena da dadga dasavleT karibWis aRdgenis jeri. vaxtang cincaZe Tavis statiaSi gvauwyebs:

`dasavleTis karibWis naSTebis adgilze Catarebulma kvlevam, misi arqiteqturuli da ornamentuli fragmentebis aRricxva-azomvam da Seswavlam dagvarwmuna, rom XIX s. 30-ian wlebSi Sesrulebuli Cernecovis Canaxati, karibWis sakmaod zust suraTs iZleva. Cernecovis dros karibWes bevrgan aklda sapire wyoba; dangreuli iyo samxreTis kedeli, Camocvenili iyo karnizebi, Camoqceuli Cans suraTze gumbaTi

da gadaxurva, rasac mowmobs zevidan Camosuli SuqiT ganaTebuli gumbaTis afra da SigniT Camocvenili didi raodenobis qvebi. dasavleTis karibWis aRsadgenad yvela saWiro monacemi aRmoCnda: gumbaTis damWeri TaRebis profilebi, am TaRebis mimarTuleba, maTi quslebis adgilebi da gvirgvinis agebis konstruqcia. amas garda, adgilze darCenilia svetebis bazebi, svetebi svetisTavebiT, taZris dasavleTis fasadze Semonaxulia pilastrebi, TaRebis quslebi, kedlebze ki SemorCenilia TaRebis anabeWdebi. yvela aman ganapiroba karibWis aRdgenis saWiro da SesaZlebeli sizuste. mniSnelovani faqtia isic, rom dasavleTisa da samxr. karibWeTa teqtonika identuria; ufro metic, Sesrulebis manera da mxatvruli Semoqmedebis alRo imdenad axlosaa erTmaneTTan, rom SegviZlia erTi ostatis xelic ki vivaraudoT. dasavleTisa ufro metad paradulia, xom ar aris es SemkveTis surviliT gansazRvruli? Cven vfiqrobT, rom es ase unda iyos~.

23

dasavleTi karibWe Tavdapirveli saxiT aRdga 1992w. v. cincaZesTan erTad mis aRdgenaze muSaobda restavratori iv. gremelaSvili. zemoT moyvanili teqsti daibeWda Tbilisis samxatvro akademiis samecniero Sromebis 1985 wlis krebulSi. amis Semdeg sicocxlis ukanasknel dRemde prof. v. cincaZe muSaobda monografiaze bagratis taZari. Seasrula taZris interieris dasavleTi nawilis patronikenis aRdgenis proeqti, romlis ganxorcieleba aRar dascalda da mowafeebs dautova anderZad.

samSeneblo fenebi:

I _ etapi X-XIss-s mijna, taZris ZiriTadi moculobis ageba aRmosavleT mklavis da gumbaTis garda; II _ etapi XIs-is dasawyisi, taZris aRmosavleT mklavis gadakeTeba da gumbaTis ageba;

III etapi _ XIs-is I meoTxedi, Crdilo-dasavleT koSkis da garSemosavlelis ageba.

24

taZris ngrevis, dazianebis da aRdgenis dasuraTebuli

nusxa

1691w. _ denTiT aafeTqes Turqebma (am dros Camoingra gumbaTi). ` ... gamovidnen cixidam osmalni da Semusres quTaTisis eklesia yovlad wmidisa, did Suenierad gebuli ...~ ix. bibl. 26. 1770w. _ zarbaznis yumbarebiT daangria rusma generalma totlebenma (am dros unda iyos mTlianad Camongreuli taZris zeda nawilebi). `quTaTisis cixes rusebma zarbaznebis srola dauwyes mwvane yvavilaTgan ... rusebi zarbazans da yumbaras esrodnen cixes dReSi aszed metsa ...~ _ioane xucesis dRiuri, ix. bibl. 14.

samrevlo eklesiad gadakeTebuli karibWe

1820-iani ww. _ rusulma saeklesio mmarTvelobam samxreTis karibWe daagrZela da gadaakeTa samrevlo eklesiad (gaxsnes karibWis aRmos. da dasavl. kedlebi da aRm-dan miadges sakurTxevlis absidi, xolo das-dan _ axali saTavsi. samxreTis samTaRedi ki amoaSenes da mTeli es nageboba SeaTeTres ix. bibl. 24; 1830-iani ww. _ vinaidan dazianebuli kedlebidan qvebi cvivoda axlad gadakeTebul samxreTis eklesiis saxuravze, rusulma saeklesio mmarTvelobam, kerZod imereTis arqiepiskoposma sofronma gadawyvita am kedlebis dangreva, magram sabednierod es ZviradRirebuli samuSao ver ganaxorcieles, ix. bibl. 24. 1833w. _ Camoingra dasavleTis karibWe; 912-13 ww. _ quTaisis sazogadoebam moawesriga galavni, ix. bibl. 11, gv. 50. XIXs. me-2 nax. _ taZris qvebi gamoiyeneba skolis da sacxovrebeli saxlebis mSeneblobisaTvis, ix. bibl. 11, gv. 49. 1930w. _ aRmosavleT fasadis Sua nawilis gamagrebis mizniT, qvis wyobis axali kedliT amoaSenes aRmos. mklavis SuaSi garRveuli kedeli da Sekres samxreT-dasavleTis gaglejili kuTxe. imave dros Crdilo kedlis remontisas amoaSenes samkveTlos sarkmeli da mcire zomis filebiT Semoses, Crdilo fasadis aRm. nawili. samuSao Caatara `rionhesma~. aRdgena uxarisxod Catarda, Tumca am samuSaoebma Zegli faqtobrivad gadaarCina dangrevas.

25

XIX s. 1930 w.

Crdilo fasadi samxreTis karibWe aRdgenamde

1939-41ww. samxreTis karibWeze moixsna XIXs-is danamatebi da arasaTanado wyobiT amoSenda karibWis aRm. da dasavl. kedlebi. gaixsna aseve samxreTis samTaRedi. araswori meTodologiiT aRdgenili samxreTis karibWe

26

taZris aRdgena-SekeTeba dafuZnebuli sarestavracio meTodologiaze daiwyo 1950-ian wlebSi, arqiteqt-restavratori. v. cincaZe. 1952-54ww. aRdgena-gamagrebis I etapi. _ restavratori v. cincaZe. samxreT fasadis aRmosavleT nawilis da samx. aRmosavleT kuTxis aRdgena, aRmosavleT fasadis mimdebare samxreTis monakveTiT. aRdgenamde aRdgenis Semdeg

cokoli, bazebi, pilastrebi, lilvebi, kapitelebi, TaRedebi, kedlis perangi, sarkmlebi, reliefuri gamosaxulebebi, lavgardanebi _ aRdga adgilze moZiebuli konstruqciuli detalebis da SemorCenili kvlebis mixedviT. aRdgenamde aRdgenis Semdeg

27

1958-59ww. aRdgena-gamagrebis II etapi. aRdga samxreTis karibWe. _ restavratori - v. cincaZe, konstruqtori - d. lomaZe; karibWes daubrunda Tavdapirveli saxe. daiSala arasaTanado wyobiT amoSenebuli aRm. da dasavl. kedlebi, aRdga kedlis dekori da moxsna CuqurTmebSi Camjdari nalesobis da SeTeTrebis naSTebi. aseve daiSala misi frontoni da kamara, gamagrda betonis Semkravi saSualebiT da xelaxla aewyo (gamagrebiT samuSaoebs awarmoebda inJiner-konstruqtori d. lomaZe). aseve aRdga samxreT mklavis centraluri nawili. v. cincaZe

aRdgenamde aRdgenis Semdeg

28

1960-iani ww. aRdgena-gamagrebis III etapi. samx. dasavleT kuTxe aRdga da rkina-betonis qamriT daukavSirda, aseve aRdgenil dasavleT fasadis samxreT nawils. _ restavratori - v. cincaZe aRdgenamde aRdgenis Semdeg

amgvarad Seikra taZris samxreT-dasavleTis monakveTi da gamoikveTa nagebobis arqiteqtonika; aRdgenamde aRdgenis Semdeg

aRdga aseve dasavleT mklavis xuTTaRedi.

29

1960-iani ww. – aRdga dasavleT mklavis frontoni _ restavrat. v. cincaZe; aRdgenamde aRdgenis Semdeg

aRdgenamde aRdgenis Semdeg

aRdga aseve Crd. dasavleTis samsarTuliani koSki.

30

f a s a d i

aRdgenamde aRdgenis Semdeg i n t e r i e r i

aRdgenamde aRdgenis Semdeg

bolos taZris dasavleT mklavma, aRdgenis Semdeg amgvari saxe miiRo.

31

1960-iani ww. aRdgena-gamagrebis IV etapi. aRmos. fasadis sruli aRdgena, centraluri samsarkmliani kompoziciiT. – restavrat. v. cincaZe.

XIX s. 1930 iani ww. remonti

aRdgenamde aRdgenis Semdeg aRdgenis Semdeg

aRdgenamde aRdgenamde aRdgenis Semdeg

32

1960-iani ww. – aRdgena-gamagrebis V etapi. Crd. mklavis aRdgena fasadis da interieris mxridan – restavrat. v. cincaZe; aRdgenamde, XIX s. aRdgenis Semdeg

aRdgenamde aRdgenis Semdeg 1930w. remonti aRdg. Semdeg

aRdgenamde aRdgenis Semdeg warweriani antefiqsebi

mklavis saxuravidan

33

1974 w. – aRdgena-gamagrebis V etapi. Crd. aRm. gumbaTqveSa burjis aRdgena da misi TaRiT dakavSireba Crd. absidTan. danarCeni sami svetis sxvadasxva simaRleze aRdgena. – restavrat. v. cincaZe; aRdgenamde aRdgenis Semdeg

aRdgenamde aRdgenis Semdeg

mozaikuri iatakis aRdgena

sakurTxevelis win

34

1979 w. – aRm. mklavis konqis aRdgena da Crd. bemis dakavSireba Crd. aRm. gumbaTqveSa burjTan. Mmozaikuri iatakis aRdgena sakurTxevelis win. – restavrat. v. cincaZe;

aRdgenamde aRdgenis Semdeg 1985 w. – samx. mklavis Tavdapirveli saxiT aRdgena; – restavrat. v. cincaZe; aRdgenamde aRdgenis Semdeg

35

1994 w. – aRdgena-gamagrebis bolo etapi dasavleT karibWis Tavdapirveli saxiT aRdgena. _ restavratorebi: v. cincaZe, iv. gremelaSvili XIX s. 30-ian wlebSi Sesrulebuli Cernecovis Canaxati, karibWis sakmaod zust suraTs iZleva. garda amisa, dasavleTis karibWis aRsadgenad yvela saWiro monacemi aRmoCnda: gumbaTis damWeri TaRebis profilebi, am TaRebis mimarTuleba, maTi quslebis adgilebi da gvirgvinis agebis konstruqcia. amas garda, adgilze darCenilia svetebis bazebi, svetebi svetisTavebiT. taZris dasavleTis fasadze Semonaxulia pilastrebi, TaRebis quslebi, kedlebze ki SemorCenilia TaRebis anabeWdebi. yvela aman ganapiroba karibWis aRdgenis saWiro da SesaZlebeli sizuste. Cernecovis Canaxati 1833w. aRdgenamde

karibWis sveti

aRdgenis procesSi aRdgenis Semdeg

36

nagebobis aRnusxvis da Seswavlis istoria

XX s-de

1650 w. – aRweres aleqsi ievlevma da nikifore tolCanovma (ruseTis xelmwifis elCebi saqarTveloSi). maT aRniSnuli aqvT, rom taZars dasavleT nawilSi hqonda hatronikeni, xolo gumbaTi iyo 16 waxnagiani, ix. bibl. 9. 1737 w._ timoTe gabaSvilma Seadgina imereTis ruka sadac aRniSnilia quTaisi da bagratis taZari (quTaTeli mitropoliti, diplomati da mogzauri); am rukaze gamosaxulia uqimerionis cixe, galavanSi moqceul nagebobebianad da bagratis gumbaTiani taZari, soboris eklesiis saxelwodebiT. rionis marcxena napirze ori eklesia da sacxovrebeli saxlebia datanili. ufro maRla ki gelaTis monasteria. bagratis taZari aq dauzianeblad aris gamosaxuli. igi ki, am droisTvis ukve afeTqebuli iyo Turqebis mier _ 1691w. Tumca SesaZloa gumbaTi mas nawilobriv mainc hqonda SemorCenili, ix. bibl. 15. 1772 w. – aRwera iohan giuldenStedtma (germaneli naturalisti da mogzauri), ix. bibl. 6. 1824 w. – Jak fransua gambas wignSi daculia taZris Canaxati (frangi konsuli TbilisSi), ix. bibl. 5. 1830 w. – rusma mxatvarma n. g. Cernecovma Seqmna taZris dasavleT fasadis Canaxati dasavleT karibWiTurT, ix. bibl. 45., il. 81. 1833 w. – aRwera da anazomebi gaakeTa diubua de monperem (Sveicarieli mecnieri da mogzauri). mis wignSi gamoqveynebulia taZris gegma, TariRiani warwera da xedebi, aRmos. fasadis sruli grafikuli aRdgeniT, gumbaTianad, ix. bibl. 40.

37

1847 w. – aRwera da warwerebi gamoikvlia mari brosem (frangi qarTvelologi). mis wignSi gamoqveynebulia taZris gegma da ornamentuli detalebi, ix. bibl. 37. 1875 w. – italielma mxatvarma ludvig premacim Seasrula taZris Canaxati; 1888 w. – taZari Seiswavla da anazomebi gaakeTa a. m. pavlinovma (rusi arqiteqtori). mis wignSi gamoqveynebulia taZris gegma, Wrilebi da fasadebi grafikuli rekonstruqciiT, ix. bibl. 43. XIX s. II nax. – bagratis taZris fotofiqsacia ermakovis mier.

XX saukune 1911 w. – siZveleTa mkvlevarma s. gorgaZem gamosca pirveli qarTuli wigni bagratis taZris Sesaxeb, ix. bibl. 7. 1925 w. – g. CubinaSvilis statia bagratis taZris Sesaxeb, ix. bibl. 35.¹ 1926 w. – g. CubinaSvilma da n. severovma moinaxules bagratis taZari, ix. bibl. 45., gv. 100. A 1937-39 ww. – Catarda taZris azomva – arqit. n.severovi, ix. bibl. 45, gv. 91. 1942 w. – n. severis statia bagratis taZris restavraciaze, ix. bibl. 45. 1951 w. – daiwyo bagratis taZris nangrevebis srulyofili Seswavla, gaiwminda taZari. Catarda srulyofili arqeologiuri azomva _ restavrat. v. cincaZe (monawileobdnen: arqit. m. dvali, T. kandelaki, d. morbedaZe, arqeolog. b. ramiSvili, da g. masxaraSvili), ix. bibl. 47, gv. 112. 1951 w. – Catarda saamSeneblo masalis petrografiuli analizi, ix. bibl. 47. A gv. 112 1951 w. – gaiTxara Surfebi, ix. bibl. 47, gv.112. 1950-iani ww. – daiwyo sarestavracio samuSaoebi¹ (restavrat. v. cincaZe); 1959 w. – gamoqveynda n. severovis statia taZris restavraciaze, ix. bibl. 45. 1959 w. – gamoqveynda v. cincaZis statia restavraciaze, ix. bibl. 47, gv. 112. 1960-70 ww. – grZeldeba taZris Seswavla da sarestavracio samuSaoebi (restavrat. v. cincaZe); 1980 w. _ v. silogavas statia bagratis taZris warwerebze, ix. bibl. 22 da 23 ;

38

1980-ian ww. – daiwyo taZris mimdebare teritoriis Seswavla da misi ganTavisufleba zedmeti nagebobebisagan; 1984 w. – daiwyo mudmivmoqmedi arqeologiuri eqspedicia; 1992 w. – dasavleT karibWis restavraciiT dasrulda bagratis taZris Seswavlis da aRdgena-gamagrebis ZiriTadi etapi (restavrat. v. cincaZe); 1994 w. _ daiwyo bagratis taZris grafikuli rekonstruqciis proeqtis Sedgena (restavratorebi: iv. gremelaSvili, i. banZelaZe da d. jinWaraZe); 2003 w. _ daiwyo bagratis taZris srulyofili Seswavla, grafikuli rekonstruqciis proeqtis saboloo saxis Sedgena da ~bagratis taZris mecnieruli dacvis koncefciis~ Camoyalibeba; 2003 – 2007ww. _ Catarda arqeologiuri gaTxrebi, ris Sedegadac taZris interierSi gamovlinda adrindel nagebobaTa saZirkvelebis naSTebi, romelTa samSeneblo fenebi arqeologiuri masaliT IV _ VIII ss-iT TariRdeba; 2008 w. daiwyo taZris reabilitaciis proeqtis Sedgena (arqiteqtorTa da xelovnebaTncodneTa jgufi. xelmZRvaneli arqiteqtor-restavratori iv. gremelaSvili); amJamad dasrulebulia proeqtis I etapi. Cveni mizani iyo srulyofili saarqivo-bibliografiuli da aqamde warmoebuli istoriul-arqiteqturuli kvlevebis srulyofili masalis mopoveba, raTa am masalebis da naturaSi kvlevis analizis safuZvelze SevimuSaoT rekomendaciebi.

39

winaswari rekomendaciebi

taZris SemorCenili nawilebis Tavdapirveli saxis dasadgenad unda gairkves Tu ra utyuari monacemebi SegviZlia movipovoT taZris SemorCenil kedlebze arsebuli da Camocvenili arqiteqturuli detalebis saSualebiT da ra unda dadgindes proporciuli analizisa da analogiebis moSveliebiT. masala saSualebas iZleva dadgindes taZris fasadebis, interieris, kamarebis da gumbaTis (sarkmelTa raodenoba) garkveuli sasimaRlo doneebi da struqtura. xerxdeba taZris gadaxurvis da gumbaTis TiTqmis yvela kvanZis da dekoris srulad dadgena, xolo misi Tavdapirveli saxis srulad warmodgena mindobilia proporciul analizsa da analogiebze. pirvel rigSi unda dadgindes reabilitaciis meTodi. meTodis dadgena bevrad iqneba damokidebuli nagebobis arsebul monacemebze. mniSvnelovania, rom taZris reabilitacia ganxorcieldes etapobrivad da SemuSavdes reabilitaciis procesis sruli programa da mosazrebebi proeqtirebisa da aRdgeniTi samuSaoebis Tanamimdevrobaze. unda gaanalizdes taZris kedlebze arsebuli da Zirs Camocvenili arqiteqturuli kvanZebisa da detalebis naturaSi kvlevis Sedegebi saarqivo masalebTan erTian konteqstSi da da gakeTdes Sesabamisi daskvnebi taZris aRsadgeni nawilebis konstruqciul detalebisa da sivrculi masebis ganTavsebis adgilis, maTi sasimaRlo doneebis, formis da mxatvruli saxis Sesaxeb. aucileblad unda gamoswordes xarvezebi. Ddabrundes taZris Sesabamis adgilze gvian moZiebuli arqiteqturuli detalebi da moixsnas rkinabetoniT amoyvanili burjebi. Catarebul samuSaoTa angariSebis da dokumenturi masalis Senaxvis adgili da bibliografia ix. qvemoT.

40

arsebuli dokumentacia da bibliografia

pasportebi: #15 _ bagratis kompleqsi, 2 furceli danarTiT, m. abaSiZe, 1992w. #16 _ bagratis taZari, O3 furceli danarTiT, m. abaSiZem, 1992w. teqsturi masala: saqaRalde _ ##82,83 sainJinro daskvna, RuduSauri, 1955w; quTaisis Zeglebis aRwera, boWoriZe, 1934w; pr. dasabuTeba, lomaZe, 1954w.

grafikuli masala quTaisis topogegma t-2 #2793, T kobaxiZe, kalkebi_69, niqabaZe, 1956w. K bagratis taZari, akvareli #370, n. severovi, 1938w.; taZris anazomebi: saq. _ 14, #214-215, Wrilebi samxreTis da CrdiloeTis, n. severovi, 1937w. VII-3, #1975-1976, v. cincaZe, 1951w.; #2266-2275, v. cincaZe, 1953w. kalkebi_69, (inaxeba v. cincaZis pirad arqivSi) VII-3, #7791-7792, n. zazuniSvili, 1978w. Kkr. 7793, n. gelaSvili, 1978w. Crd. minaSeni, samxreT karibWe, kroki XXI; Kkalkebi_69, anazomis kalkebi. Pproeqtebi: X-6, #764-765, galumovi, 1940w.; IX-4, #4590, (rkinis karebi), g. WeiSvili, 1955w. X-6, #4741-4745, v. cincaZe, 1956w; #4756-4761, v. cincaZe, 1956w; X-6, #6447, (4 kalka), lomouri, 1958w; X-6, #6672, v. cincaZe, 1974w; X-6, #7801-7802, n. zazuniSvili, 1978w. Crd. minaSeni, samx. Sesasvleli (kalkebi); X-6, #4329-4334, 4395, (Sablonebi), v. cincaZe, 1959w; X-6, #4869-4869a, 4870, (Sabloni) Crd. karibWe v. cincaZe, 1965w; X-6, #5221, (Sablonebi) v. cincaZe, 1966w; X-6, #5306,5330, 5499, (Sablonebi), v. cincaZe, 1967w; X-6, #5500, (Sabloni) v. cincaZe, 1968w; X-6, #3352, (galavani) v. cincaZe, 1956w. inaxeba saqarTvelos kulturis, ZeglTa dacvisa da sportis saministrosTan arsebul sainformacio sammarTvelos arqivSi. taZris anazomebi: inaxeboda g. CubinaSvilis sax. qaruli xelovnebis istoriis institutis arqivSi. ganadgurda Senobis xanZris dros 1991w.

41

fotofiqsacia Eermakovis koleqciidan #869-872; ##46323-46338/794 taZris saerTo xedebi da detalebi: ##832-872/51-54, foto i. gilgendorfis _ 1939w.; ##873-931/54, foto n. CubinaSvilis _ 1948w.; restavraciamde ##10099-10135/418-419, foto bartiSevskis _ 1951w. restavraciis dros ##11720-11741/466, foto bartiSevskis _ 1952w. ##13752-13757/502, foto bartiSevskis _ 1954w. ##12790-12793/489, foto Simanskis _ 1951w. ##17534-17542/548, foto Simanskis _ 1956w. ##11743-11784/467, foto v. cincaZis _ 1952w. ##11785-11795, foto s. xandamirovis _ 1952w. ##11796-11831, foto v. cincaZis _ 1952w. ##13310-13369/495, foto v. cincaZis _ 1952w. samxreT karibWe ##17192-172008/544, foto v. cincaZis _ 1956w. restavraciis dros ##14415-14449/510, foto v. cincaZis _ 1954w. ##21137-21142/584, foto v. cincaZis _ 1954w. ##21143-21179/584, foto v. cincaZis _ 1955w. ##14991-14998/517, foto v. cincaZis _ 1955w. ##14999-15020/517, foto g. masxaraSvili _ 1955w. restavraciis Semdeg ##15845-15851/526, foto v. cincaZis _ 1955w. ##21180-21185/584, foto v. cincaZis _ 1959w. ##21186-21236/584, foto v. cincaZis _ 1960w ##21237-21254/584, foto v. cincaZis _ 1961w ##21255-21289/584, foto v. cincaZis _ 1962w ##21290-21296/585, foto m. dvali _ ##21297-21336/585, foto i. zenko _ 1966w. ##30256-30269/671, foto i. pinaevi _ 1971w. ##32428-32433/688, foto ir. zenko _ 1973w. ##36169-36202/720, foto ir. zenko _ 1974w. ##49893/818, foto g. asaTiani _ 1970w. restavraciis dros ##58691-58716/873, foto i. zenko _ 1985w. ##61487-61538/891, foto i. zenko _ 1986w. restavraciis Semdeg ##70937-79943/950, foto i. zenko _ 1990w. samreklo restavraciis Semdeg ##64577-64584/909, foto i. zenko _ 1987w. samxreT karibWe ##52771-52866/836, foto il zenko _ 1983w. inaxeba saqarTvelos kulturis, ZeglTa dacvisa da sportis saministrosTan arsebul sainformacio sammarTvelos arqivSi.

fotoebi g. CubinaSvili, `Архитектура Кахетий ~, Tb., 1959w.

42

b i b l i o g r a f i a

2. i. banZelaZe _ sigrZis sazomi erTeuli da nagebobis gegmis dakvalvis xerxebi Zvel saqarTveloSi, Tbilisis samxatvro akademiis Sromebis krebuli, Tb., 1988w. gv.70. 3. v. beriZe _ gumbaTiani arqiteqturis aspeqtebi, XI-XIIIss., Tb., 1976w. 4. g. boWoriZe _ imereTis istoriuli Zeglebi, Tb., 1995w. gv. 125. 5. gamba, Jak fransua - mogzauroba samxreT ruseTSi, kerZod amierkavkasiaSi,, frang. Targmna mzia mgalobliSvilma, Tb., 1987w. gv132. 6. g. gelaSvili - giuldenStedtis mogzauroba saqarTveloSi, t. I, Tb., 1962, gv. 139-141. 7. s. gorgaZe _ bagratis taZari, istoriul-arqeologiuri aRwera, tf., 1911w. 8. davTari quTaisis saydris gamosavali begarisa _ 1578w .aRwerilia Tu vis ra marTebda bagratis taZris sasargeblod. 9. al. ievlevis 1650-1652ww. imereTis samefoSi elCobis saangariSo aRweriloba, rusuli teqsti da qarTuli Targmani gamosacemad moamzadaAiase cincaZem, Tb., 1969w. gv.136. 10. italieli mogzaurebi saqarTveloSi - iosafa barbaro da ambrozio kontarini, `moambe~, 1894, #11, gv.51. 11. krebuli _ statiebi bagratze, quTaisi: omar lanCava - aietidan bagratamde; nodar janberiZe - oSkidan bagratis taZramde; guram gabunia - aTasi wlis win; vaxtang beriZe _ bagratis taZari; Tamaz naTiZe - xelovnebaTmcodne vaxtang cincaZe; petre vaWriZe, mixeil nikoleiSvili - bagratis taZris istoriidan; nanuli cxvediani - bagrati da Tanamedroveoba; 12. a. lamberti _ samegrelos aRwera, Tb., 1938w. 13.1 o. lanCava _ arqeologiuri gaTxrebi quTaisSi, `Zeglis megobari~ #4, 1986w. gv. 36;

13. o. lanCava _ uqimerionis cixe 14. S. lomsaZe _ gviani Sua saukuneebis saqarTvelos istoriidan, axalcixuri qronikebi, Tb., 1973w. gv. 129. 15. el. metreveli _ timoTe gabaSvilis mimosvla, Tb., 1956w. gv.086. 16. h. mosuliSvili _ bagratis kompoziciis kanonzomierebani, `Zeglis megobari~ .#52 1979w. 17. mosuliSvili _ qarTuli Zeglebis struqtura, Tb., 1983w. (bagratis taZaris proporciebi). 18. Jurn. bagratis taZari, 1994w. #1 _ publicistur - liriuli statiebi bagratis taZris Sesaxeb da Senatanebis sia bagratis taZris fondSi. 19. Jurn. bagratis taZari, 1994w. #2 _ publicistur - liriuli statiebi bagratis taZris Sesaxeb da Senatanebis sia bagratis taZris fondSi. 20. Jurn. bagratis taZari, 1994w. #3 _ publicistur - liriuli statiebi bagratis taZris Sesaxeb da Senatanebis sia bagratis taZris fondSi.

43

21. Jurn. bagratis taZari, 1994w. #4 _ publicistur - liriuli statiebi bagratis taZris Sesaxeb da Senatanebis sia bagratis taZris fondSi. sruliad saqarTvelos kaTalikos-patriarqis uwmidesisa da unetaresis Uilia meoris sityva Tqmuli quTaisSi, bagratis taZrisa da misi kompleqsis aRorZinebis fondis dafuZnebisas, Ubedoba dRes _ 1994w. 15 ianvars. 22. v. silogava _ dasavleT saqarTvelos warwerebi, nakv.I (IX_XIIIss.) qarTuli lapidaruli warwerebis korpusi II, Tb., 1980w. 23. v. silogava _ epigrafikuli masala bagratis taZridan da misi midamoebis arqeologiuri gaTxrebidan, quTaisis universitetis moambe, 1995 #4. gv.55. 24. s. c. s. a. _ fondi 489, saqme # 3 072. 25. qarTlis cxovreba _ t.I, Tb., 1955w., gv. 281. 26. qarTlis cxovreba _ t. IV, Tb., 1973w. gv. 761, 854. 27. v. cincaZe _ bagratis taZari, albomi, Tb., 1964w. ( qarTul, rusul da inglisur enebze, naxazebi da fotoebi). 28. v. cincaZe _ bagratis taZari, `Zeglis megobari~ #1 1964w. 29. v. cincaZe _ bagratis taZari quTaisSi, g. CubinaSvilis saxelobis qarTuli xelovnebis istoriis institutis XIX sesia, 25. 06. 1993w. Tezisebi. 30. v. cincaZe _ zogierTi sakiTxi mecnieruli dacvisa (bagrati, Telovani, kabeni), g. CubinaSvilis saxelobis qarTuli xelovnebis istoriis institutis VII sesia, 15. 06. 1953w. Tezisebi. 31. v. cincaZe _ quTaisis Zveli qalaqi da bagratis taZari, Zveli qarTuli arqiteqtura, samxatvro akademiis Sromebis krebuli, 1985w. 31.1 v. cincaZe _ quTaisis Zveli qalaqis SesawavlisaTvis, `Zeglis megobari~ 1986w. #4, gv. 42 ; 32. `Zveli saqarTvelo~ _ t. IV, tf., 1914 - 1915ww. ganyof. III, gv. 1-72. 33. a. SaniZe _ qarTuli orTografiis istoriidan, `droSa~, 10, 1967. gv. 15. 34. d. CakvetaZe _ Zegli uqimerionze, Tb., 1954, gv. 17,28. 35. g. CubinaSvili _ qarTuli xuroTmoZRvreba saSualo saukuneebSi da misi sami mTavari kaTedrali, iv. javaxiSvilisadmi miZRvnili krebuli `arili~, 1925w. gv. 107-126. 36. iv. javaxiSvili _ Jurnali `promeTe~ 1918w. #1.GG 37. M. Brosset - Rapports sur un voyage archeologique...XII, SPB., 1851, p.55. 38. J. F. Gamba - Voyage dans la Russie meridionale fait depuis 1820 gusquen 1824 fait par

le chevalier Gamba. wigns darTuli aqvs 1824w. taZris Canaxati. 39. F. Dubois de montpereux - Voyage autcur du Caucase..., t.I, Paris, 1839, p.418.

40. F. Dubois de montpereux - Atlas, serie d`architectur, ou IIIe serie, Neuchatel en Suisse,

1840, tab. XII _ XVII. 41. Ф. Дюбуа де Монпере - Путешествие вкруг Кавказа, I, пер. сфранц. Н. А. Данкевич-

Пущиной, c. 5.

42. А. Муравьев - Грузия и Армения, ч. 3. СПБ., 1848, с. 129.

43. А. Павлинов - Кутаиский собор, "Материалы по Археологии Кавказа", III, М.

1893г.стр.30.

44. М. Полиевктов - Посольство стольника Толчанова и дьяка Иевлева в Имеретию

1650-1652, Тб., 1926, стр. 151.

45. Н. Северов - Опит реконструкции Кутаиского храма Баграта, `qarTuli xelovneba~ #5. 1955w. gv. 91.П

44

46. М. Селезнёв - Руководство к познанию Кавказа, кн. 2, СПБ., 1847, с.72-74.

47. В. Цинцадзе - Краткий отчот по консервации храма баграта, `qarTuli xelovneba~ #5. 1955w. gv. 111. 48. В. Цинцадзе

Р. Меписашвили - Кутаиси, Гелати, Гегути, Тб., 1977.

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кафедрала , "Вопросы истории искусства", т. I . Тб., 1970.

51. Г. Чубинашвили - Из историй средневекового искусства Грузий, М., 1990, gv. 34. 52. А. Шанидзе - Новооткрытый алфавит кавказских албанцев , `enimkis moambe~, IV, 1938, gv.24.

xelovnebaTmcodne _ gia WaniSvili

30.09.08