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Transcript of Ba Aaaaaaaaaa c
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4thforms programme
General Revision
- With the valuable contribution of pupils
- Under the supervision of the English teacher
ZARAT SECONAR! SC"OO#
$%&% ' $%&&
UN(T &) "O#(A!(N* AN ART S"OWS
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Lesson 1: Holidaying
Vocabulary:
The addresser: The speaker or the writer
The addressee: the listener or the Reader (who receives the message)
The host (the Person who receives the visitor) ≠ the guest (the visitor)Summer outings → activities we do out of the house during Summer olida!
Grammar:
1) Parallelism: the repetition of a tense" a form or a structure in a sentence
#$g$: The information will %e not onl! useful %ut also important
&The information will %e %oth useful and important$
' Repetition of a form: She is the %est" the kindest and the most intelligent
(Superlative form)
' Repetition of a tense: The mother was preparing dinner and was looking after the %a%!( past progressive)
' Repetition of a structure: love !ou" care a%out !ou" respect !ou and ll never forget !ou (su%*$ + ,
+ o%*)
2) Structure: Subj. + used to + bare infinitive
Subj. + would + bare infinitive
→To descri%e a ha%it in the past or a repeated action in the past
Essay: ' -ompare %etween holida!s in the past and holida!s nowada!s$
e$g$ n the past" people used to spend their olida!s at home with the famil! and relatives$ The! would
.ork on the farm and help their parents$
owever" nowada!s people spend their olida!s with friends practising various activities such as water
skiing" canoeing" camping" and sun%athing
' /ctive olida!: Sport activities 0 -amping 0 Skiing 0/ -ountr! walk$
' a2! olida!: .atching T, 0 Sun%athing on the 3each$
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Lesson 2: SPACE TOURISM
Space5related words: Planet" Shuttle" Travel" Trip" Ship" Space port$
→Space tourism re6uires e7or%itant prices" so most of people cant afford it$
VOCABULARY #7or%itant (ad*$) 8 ver! costl! 8 ver! e7pensive$
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To afford something 8 ind the mone! to do it 8 financiall! a%le to achieve it$
.orth 8 ;eserve$
Rivalr! (<) 8 -ompetition 0 The rival (personal noun)$
ace off (<) 8 ight" argument$
oothold (<) 8 Strong position in %usiness$
.ell5to5do (ad*$) 8 Rich$
/ deal (<) 8 /greement$#merging 8 3ecoming known or seen 8 /ppearing$
To Please (,) → Pleasant 0 pleased (ad*s) → Pleasure (<)$
GRAMMAR' <egative prefi7es : =sed at the %eginning of a word to give its anton!m$( in5 0 dis5 0 a%5 0 un5 0 im5 >
etc>)
' #$g$: She stopped eating to answer the phone$
→ She was eating and she stopped that action$
Begin / stop / enoy / !isli"e / a!mit /
consi!er / miss / #inis$ / min! / imagine / % V % &'G (eny / in)ol)e / postpone / suggest / regret
/ !elay / a)oi! / practise / ris"
*R&+&'G : .e can speak a%out the advantages and the disadvantages of Space Tourism$
' /;,/<T/?#S:
5 ts the onl! chance to discover another world$
5 To discover an outer space and satisf! ones curiosit!$
5 or rela7ation" entertainment" pleasure$
5 ;iscover new things" %ecome more and more open 5minded and e7perienced$
5 t can %e worth! doing a su%or%ital flight as it can %e a rich source of information$
5 Space Tourism will %e widespread in the future$
' ;S/;,/<T/?#S:
5 ,er! e7pensive tours
5 ts useless to spend a lot of mone! *ust to prove that someone can %e the first one to discover the
Space
5 ts shameful to spend e7or%itant prices on space flights while thousands of children die ever! da!
%ecause of hunger and illness$
5 am afraid of visiting other planets
5 ts a waste of time and mone!$
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Lesson 3: Art So!s
,oca%ular!
- Foyer 8 entrance hall or a large entrance space
- Refresments 8 drinks- !nteractive 8 helping to communicate with each others
- Performances 8 shows
- "o boo# 8 make reservations
- Free 8 at no cost
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Lesson ": #IMORTALIT$% &$ CELI'E (IO'
VOCABULARY,Super star state 8 state of %eing a famous singer or actor$
Stardom 8 level of importance$
Prowess 8 ?reat skill at doing something$
-onvene (v) 8 to come together$
-ele%rit! 8 fame 8 popularit!$
Aemor! 8 something we remem%er$
#ternit! 8 immortalit! 0 #ternal (ad*) 8 Timeless 8 life long$
ate 8 ;estin!$
aith 8 Trust 8 3elief$
;etermination 8 .illingness$
-ome true 8 /chieve 8 ulfill$ (a dream )Sorrow 8 Sadness$
GRAMMAR: Mo!als- #unctions.
-an 8 #7pressing a%ilit! 0 ?iving permission
-ant 8 #7pressing ina%ilit! 0 Refusing permission$
Aust 8 #7pressing o%ligation$
Austnt 8 #7pressing prohi%ition$
EAY
Bou attended a musical show$ ;escri%e the show" the atmosphere and !our feelings$
Lesson ): *al+ing To,r
$ocabulary
rontier 8 border
/ part of 8 constituent
-ontaining people of different races 8 cosmo%olitan
n all seasons 8 year round
Places where shows take place 8 venues
Former 8 last 8 previousAarvelous 8 wonderful 8 ama2ing 8 s%ectacular
"o im%ress 8 to fascinate
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&rammar ' Su%erlative form
5 "e + sort adjective + est
( : #din%urgh is te second larest cit!
5 "e most * te least + lon adjective#g : -hanging the guards is te most s%ectacular ceremon!
(ssay
Plan a guided walking tour for #nglish tourists who came to visit !our town 0 village
ocus on places of interest and highlight the features of such places
"et ty%e and %ur%ose
,arrative → to narrate eventsrumentative to persuade the reader
(%ository → to inform the reader
Lesson .: A Pa/+age To,r
$ocabulary
Pac#ae tour 8 a tour organi2ed %! a travel agenc! in which !ou travel with a group(ibition /n) 8 collection of art works shown to the pu%lic
"o eibit /v) 8 to show for the pu%lic
ccommodation 8 the place where we sta! while we are in a *ourne! or trip (hotel D %ungalow D tent)
"o accommodate /v)
(ssay: 0at are te benefits and drawbac#s of %ac#ae tours
Package
"ours
/dvantages ;isadvantages
5 a#in new friends
5 3avin fun witin te rou%
5 reat sense of community
5 Safe and well-orani4ed
5 ;ifferences %etween the group mem%ers
ma! %e em%arrassing
5 Bou feel limited and have less freedom
5 There ma! %e no sense of adventure since
ever!thing is predicta%le
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Lesson 0: At te Trael Agen/y
$ocabulary
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5 6isa%%ointed 8 deceived (ad*) 0 ;isappointment 8 deception (n)
5 "rustworty (ad*)8 someone whom !ou can trust
Lesson : P,t A Little (raa in $o,r Trael
$ocabulary
5 7yber tri%s 8 a trip done via 0 through the internet
5 8n te calendar 8 planned
5 Sitseein 8 visiting places of interest
5 3eadin to 8 moving towards a place
5 7oreora%y 8 designing steps of dancing
5 %laywrit 8 / person who writes pla!s
Possible to%ics
' .rite the %iograph! of .illiam Shakespeare" the great Stratford %ard" the greatest dramatist and poet in
the #nglish language' Bou attended a pla! %! Shakespeare ;escri%e the show" the characters performance" the audiences
reactions and !our own impressions
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Lesson 4: Te *inter5s Tale 6Part I7
/ narrative te7t is composed of the setting" the theme" the plot and the characters
- "e settin: place or situation where the narrative takes place" the setting can have a powerful effect on
the theme and on the readers emotions
5 "e teme: topic" su%*ect or message5 "e %lot: action" se6uence of actions D plots include introduction" pro%lem" clima7 or crisis" resolution
and conclusion
5 "e caracters: people" animals or imaginar! characters in a narrative
$ocabulary
- "o rule 8 to govern
- "o send for someone 8 ask someone to come to !ou
- "o be 8 ask for something in an an7ious wa!
5 9nfaitfulness 8 having a relationship with someone who is not !our spouse
5 Samefully 8 in an em%arrassing wa!
5 "o try someone 8 to *udge
5 "rial /n) 8 *udgment
5 Sus%ect /v) 8 dou%t 0 suspicion (n) 0 5Suspicious (ad*) 8 dou%tful
&rammar focus: com%ound adjectives
5 / kind5hearted person adj + noun + ed
5 / thought5provoking film → noun + verb + in
5 / ten5minute talk number + noun
5 / science5inspired souvenir noun + PP5 / %right5colored um%rella → adj + PP
5 <aturall!5 produced cotton dv + PP
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UN(T $) EUCAT(ON +ATTERS
Lesson 1: S/ool - related !ords
“The real wealth of a nation is education / literate children / knowledge.”
Vocabulary:Gffering" giving 8 %rovidin$ 0 %rovision /n)
/ ver! important thing 8 a %riority$
Refused 8 denied.
Aake %etter" ameliorates 8 to boost$
0ord antonymPractical Theoretical
#7aminer -andidate
.ork olida!
ail Pass
.itten Gral
/ttend leave
Grammar:
"oo + adj + to + v 8 impossi%ilit! of the action$
#$g$: is parents are too %oor to send him to school$→ the! are ver! poor so the! cannot send him to
school
0ossible topics:
.hat are the causes of illiterac! and how to limit itH
-auses Solutions to overcome the pro%lem$
Povert!
unger
;istant schools
lliterate parents
5To donate mone!" free %ooks"
5to provide nutritious meals for pupils at school
5To %uild schools
5Sensiti2e parents to the necessit! of education$5The role of humanitarian organi2ations (unicef " =nesco " .P)
The importance of education:
1$ /meliorate the econom! of the countr!$
9$ To provide a greener future to our children$
@$ ;ecrease the dependence on foreign workers$
C$ i%erate the countr! from the pro%lem of illiterac!$
E$ To have %etter" literate generations >
.rite an ad to incite people to help poor" illiterate children in the world$
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#g (pupils writing)
1 poun! can enlig$ten a min!
/s !ou know" /frica is one of the poorest areas allover the world speciall! the west$ Those countries
are too poor to provide a good education to their !oung generations$ 3ut we are all %rothers in humanit!
so" !ou cant %e proud of !our education and even of !ourself while !ou know that there are hundreds
and hundreds of poor children who want to %e educated" help their families and their countr! %ut the!
cant : #ither %ecause there are no schools or the! cant afford getting to schools and so the! are
prevented from the %asic right of education$ A! %rothers please support us to provide this right to those
innocent children and remem%er alwa!s that onl! one pound can enlighten a mindJ
n !our opinion" what can humanitarian organi2ations do for children who are prevented from
educationH
Lesson 2: Ed,/ation 8or All9
Vocabulary:Registration 8 enrolment $
-onse6uentl! 8 terefore$
Percentage 8 rate$
Grammar:
!f + neative verb unless + %ositive verb.
#$g$: unless we help poor children" the! cant have a good future$
!f we dont help poor children" the! cant have a good future$
*riting:
.rite an interview %etween a *ournalist and the representative of a humanitarian organi2ation in
which the! talk a%out the role of this organi2ation in helping to educate children round the world$
Lesson 3: irt,al S/ools
Vocabulary:
e is an online 0 distance 0 e5 0 c!%er learner 8 he is stud!ing in a virtual school via 0 through the internet$
3ull!ing 8 frightening or hurting a weak person$
og on 8 connect on a computer s!stem$
/ppeal 8 what makes something attractive$
Te7ting 8 writing on the computer$
3ustle 8 crowd of people moving in a %us! wa!$
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Grammar:
Subject + did * do * does + bare infinitive to em%asi4e te meanin.
#$g$: 'did !ou forget to do the e7erciseH
5<o !i! do it$
' ;oes she speak an! foreign languageH
5 She !oes speak #nglish and talian$
=seful e7pressions
think 888888888giving an opinion$
m afraid dont agree 8888888888888888disagreeing$
see what !ou mean %ut>88888888888888 disagreeing
Bou are making a good point" however>88888 disagreeing
.hat !ou sa! is >$%ut still strongl!>$ 88888 disagreeing$
Lesson " age 1;1: O'LI'E LEAR'I'<
Vocabulary:• -!%er learning 8 virtual learning 8 e5 learning 8 distance learning 8 online learning
• Time commitment 8 .hen students are willing to devote much time to their courses
Punctuation :Using commas:
to separate items in a list
ts used %efore and after a phrase in opposition " giving an e7planation or additional
information a%out the noun it follows
#$g$ : SLmi" our maths teacher" is a%sent (phrase in opposition)
Writing : Which do you like better, traditional learning or virtual learning?
Traditional learning
/dvantages$ 6isadvantaes
5 -hildren will %e more concentrated$
5 Mids will not miss the uni6ue opportunit! to mi7
with others5 Students will %e more self5reliant
5 Aake friends$
5 The pupil %ecomes responsi%le and self 5
confident$
5 ,er%al and ph!sical communication$
5 Students undergo man! kinds of pressure from
frightening teachers
5 Teachers are using man! wa!s of punishment5 School uniform$
5 3ustling$
5 3eing %ullied %! others$
5 School%ags$
5 Time and place constraints$
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Virtual learning
/dvantages$ ;isadvantages
5 Students stud! whenever the! want$
5 ;ont have to stud! for long hours$
5 le7i%ilit!: !ou can learn whenever and wherever
!ou like$
5 3eing home educated$
5 Taking private lessons$
5 Students are willing t o devote much time to their
courses$
5 no uniform 0no school *ourne!s
5 <o %ustling 0not %ullied %! other pupils
5 Aore confidence 0 more commitment
5 <o teacher to control the students
5 -hildren arent old enough to manage time
commitment$
5 earners lack ver%al and ph!sical communication$
5Setting in front of the P- for a long time can %e
harmful to !our e!es$
5<o ph!sical action Dno e!es contact$
5 ittle ver%al or ph!sical communication D5 5 no
chance to overcome ps!chological pro%lems
(%ull!ing D fright$$$)
Lesson ) age 1;3: COMPARI'< E(UCATIO'ALS$STEMS
Linkers used for similarities:ike>$$
/s >
3oth >and >
Similarl! >
The two5 the same >
Linkers used for differences:Aore 0 less
=sing comparatives
=nlike
;ifferentl!
owever 0 whereas
3ut 0 in contrast
e$g$
• 3oth /merica and Tunisia divide schooling into @ c!cles ( similarities)
• The third c!cle in Tunisia includes C !ears while in =S/ it includes @ !ears (differences)
Vocabulary:
• -ompulsor! 8 o%ligator!
• -!cles 8 steps
• Schooling 8duration of stud!
• -ore 8 the most important
• Remote 8 distant 0 far awa!
• Self5reliant 8 self 5autonomous (ad*) 0 self 5 reliance 8 self D autonom! (n)
•To focus 8 to concentrate
• To rel! on 8 depend on
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(ssay:
Write a letter to your English friend to give him/ her an idea about the Tunisian system of
education
Educational system in Tunisia:
• Pupils start their schooling at the age of F
• t lasts 1@ !ears
• The! sta! F !ears at the primar! school
• There are @ c!cles in Tunisian schooling
• The three c!cles are free %ut onl! the primar! and the preparator! c!cles are compulsor!
/Pu%il;s writin)
Zarat on April 8th, !"!#ear $tuart,
%n this letter % &ant to give you an idea about our educational system in Tunisia in &hich &ehave ' cycles: the primary school, the preparatory school and the secondary school but thethird cycle(s not compulsory)The primary school lasts * years, the preparatory school lasts ' years and the secondary schoollasts + years) Then, &e have the university)oth the primary and the preparatory cycles are compulsory because all pupils must be
educated and at the age of * they have the right and the duty to enroll at school)
-ours, .0ib
LESSO' .: A<E OR=
Vocabulary• Evaluated = assessed = tested
• Poor = deprived
• I think that = I am of the opinion that
• Basic knowledge of arithmetic in general = numeracy
• Potential = ability
• Rate = percentage
• To increase the strength = to boost = to ameliorate
• utstanding = e!cellent = brilliant
Grammar The prepositions %elow are used after the following ver%s
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Prevent 0 suffer 0 e7clude 0 to depart 0 to take 0 differ + 2rom
Succeed 0 %elieve 0 result 0 integrate 0 live 0 put 0 locate + !n
ocus 0 depend 0 %ase + On
/pprove 0 deprive 0 consist 0 compose + O#
*riting/re !ou for or against mi7ed 5 age classes to %oost pupils achievementH
.rite an interview with Ars$ erndon to ask a%out the new s!stem of education
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Lesson 0: Li8elong Learning
ifelong learning:“pursue knowledge from cradle to grave“.
“Never too late to learn.”
àSo lifelong learning never stops" its continuous$
Vocabulary:-ontinuous 8 %ermanent$
To continue (ver%) 8 to %ursue$
Simpl! (adv) 8 merely$
-onse6uentl! 8 terefore.
imited to: confined to restricted to
ull growth and development 8 maturity$
Traditional (ad*) 8 conventional.
To adapt (v) 8 to adjust.
/uthentic (ad*) 8 enuine.
Grammar :5 child + QhoodQà the period of time$
à childhood$
'oun % 3$oo!4 noun e$g$: 5 /dultà adulthood
5 Aotherà motherhood
5 Sisterà sisterhood
*R&+&'G
5 ifelong learning is a wa! to com%at illiterac!$
5 .e face man! pro%lems in our world" and we consider illiterac! as a ma*or pro%lem" thats wh!
we suggest lifelong learning as a solution to com%at this plight$
Advantages of lifelong learning :
5 ifelong learning prepares the learners for the whole life %ecause it is an opportunit! for them to
update their knowledge$
5 Gngoing learning ena%les us to renew our human knowledge and cope with new technologies$
5 ifelong learning is a tool to gain self5autonom! and %e sociall! privileged$
5 t makes the learners e7perience highl! valued$
5 This new venture helps fight against illiterac! and facilitates social integration$
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5 #na%ling all the mem%ers of societ! to have a share in the development of their countr!$
ifelong learning is a programme of education aiming at educating the adult people$ t is ver!
important %ecause it pursues knowledge from cradle to grave$
Disadvantages of lifelong learning:
5 The older we get the harder we learn and the less enthusiastic we %ecome$
5 t ma! %e at the e7pense of other interests$
5 Some people hold discouraging attitudes towards adult learners$
5 t ma! %ecome useless if it is not well 5 organi2ed$
Lesson : Reading te >a/+ /oer o8 a >oo+
Grammar:
o u##i5es use! to #orm a!ecti)es:
#$g$: 5ed: interested 0 5al: natural 0 5ive: effective$ 0 5a%le: fashiona%le 0 5ing: interesting
o u##i5es use! to #orm nouns:
#$g$: 5 ness: happiness 5hood: adulthood 5sion: decision$
o 6o7 to trans#orm t$e a!)erb into a!ecti)e8
#$g$: certainl!àcertain closel!àclose steadil!àstead!$
o 6o7 to trans#orm t$e a!ecti)e into noun8
#$g$: accurateàaccurac! sharpàsharpness endowedà endowment poeticà poetr!$
E5press !i##erently using compoun! a!ecti)es:
#$g$: this town is planned %adl!$
àThis is a %adl! Dplanned town$ e wrote the letter clearl!$
àt is a clearl! Dwritten letter$
Vocabulary:
5 Un#amiliar : strange$
5 E5act : accurate precise$
5 $arp: acute piercing$
5 (escribe! : depicted$
5 Memorable: unforgetta%le$5 0ersons in no)el : characters$
5 i5 : half5do2en$
5 cenery: landscape$
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Lesson 4: Ale?ander <raa &ell@ te leander &raam <ell:
5 The inventor of the telephone
5 e is talented in the domain of communication$5 e was known as a teacher of the deaf and the dump more than as an inventor$
5 e was %orn in a famil! which was used to the communication art$
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5 is grandfather developed a considera%le particle in the treatment of speech defects$
5 is father was speciali2ed in the speech domain too$ e invented a universall! applica%le phonetic
alpha%et which had %een developed %! !oung /le7 and his %rothers the! produced the sounds
from the s!m%ols$
$ocabulary:
5 To %e familiar with something 8 to be no straner to sometin.
5 People who are una%le to speak or hear 8 te deaf and dumb.
5 andicaps 8 im%ediments.
5 ack of luck 8 misfortune.
=eical focus:5 !m%ediment: %arrier %lock difficult! hindrance o%stacle$
5 "imeless: changeless endless eternal everlasting permanent$
&rammar• .hat a teacher he wasJ
• ow nice it isJ
à (%ressin admiration.
9+$e % a! : is used to refer to a group of people in the societ!$
#$g$: e taught the deafà e taught deaf people$
0ritin:
5 .rite the %iograph! of /le7ander ?raham 3ell$
Bor Arts Session 3 13": #LATER% >y Mi/ael Boster
Vocabulary:
5 >ueer 8 strange
5 "o crumble 8 to %e destro!ed
5 Rationally 8 logicall!
5 anslauter 8 killing someone5 nuis 8 deep suffering
5 ?ail 8 Prison
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N(T ,) CREAT(-E. (N-ENT(-E +(NS
///////////////////////////////////////////////////////
Lesson 1 age 13.: Inentions - related !ords
9 Grammar:
5 ts hard 0 difficult 0 possi%le + to % )erb
5 Aake0 et 0 get 0 have + o%*ect + bare in#initi)e
15 9sed to * didn;t use to + bare in#initi)e
#7pressing a ha%it in the past
95 <e used to + v + in
To %e familiar with something
9 Vocabulary:
;omestic ro%ots: used at home doing domestic services
5 "o discover: find something that had previousl! e7isted %ut had hitherto %een unknown
5 "o invent: design create something which has never %een made %efore
5 "o innovate: introduce changes and new ideas
verb adjective adverb &eneral noun Personal noun
To discover ++++++++++ +++++++++ discover! discoverer
To innovate nnovative nnovativel! innovation innovator To invent inventive inventivel! invention inventor
5 8mni%resent 8 e7isting ever!where and at all times$
5 !m%act 8 a strong effect
5 stonisin (ad*) 8 surprising" startling" striking
5 Sift /v) 8 change" alter
5 9ltimate 8 final
9 *riting
<owada!s ro%ots are %ecoming more and more widespread" which makes lots of people sa! thatthose ro%ots are a real %less for humanit!$ So" according to !ou in which fields can ro%ots help the human
%eingsH
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5Ro%ots replace human %eings at work$
5ts a machine without feelings and morals it *ust uses an electrical energ!$
5There will %e more and more *o%lessness if we use ro%ots in ever! field$
5Ro%ots never sleep$
5 t can work in a high temperature" which human %eings cant do$
5 t uses electrical energ! directl!$
5 t is stronger" more efficient than human %eings
5 t can do housework: cleaning" washing" cooking" shopping>
5 t can drive (an! means of transport)$
9 *riting lesson Technolog! is considered as a controversial issue$ .rite an article to a <ewspaper in which !ou give
%oth negative and positive effects of this phenomenon on our life$
- "ecnoloy as a blessin
5 Aakes us live more comforta%l! thanks to different t!pes of inventions5 acilitates communication with other people (using the internet to chat)
5 acilitates research of information with those inventions such as the internet
5 elps in progress and development
5 elps to gain time
5elps to treat diseases
- "ecnoloy as a curse
5 Technolog! used %! some people for immoral goals such as cloning
5 /ddiction of man! children to different technological gadgets and as a result the! neglect their studies
5 Aa! destro! the relationship %etween our famil! mem%ers
5 =sing technolog! to invent weapons" %om%s" chemical weapons5 Aechani2ation of our societ!
5 Side effects of some inventions on our e!es" ears$
Lesson 3: Interie!ing te 8ater o8 lay station
9 Vocabulary"o envision (v) 8 to imagine a future situation
!nitial8 first ≠ ultimateRelease * to launc 8 to set up
6edicated 8 devoted
9 Grammar 6edicate * devote + object + to + $+ in
,oun
<e accustomed * be used + to + $ + in
,oun
9 *riting 1: n interview wit @en @utaraiA te inventor of %lay station /%u%il;s writin)
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"adies and #entlemen$ we are pleased today to meet %r ken kutaragi the inventorof play station&'elcome %r( )E* )+T,R,#I$ thank you for coming- I.d like to ask you some/uestions about your invention 0the play station12 3irst can you e!plain to us what did encourage you to invent the play station5 I thought of my children and all the pupils who are tired of education$ stressedabout e!ams and who become more and more fed up( 6o I felt like to createsomething to make them have fun and entertain themselves(2 Thank you for your feelings %r( )+T,R,#I but do you think that play station isreally a good thing for children "et.s say a blessing5 ,bsolutely7 Play station develops children.s cognitive skills$ they will becomebetter concentrated and it can reinforce their patience(2 But$ %r( kutaragi it has also some drawbacks like teaching children di8erent formsof violence(5 9es$ like all things$ it has bene:ts and drawbacks but children should not bein;uenced by this invention(2 3inally$ %r( )utaragi$ can you advise young people who are addicted to Play 6tation
5 I advise them to give their attention and time to their studies :rst and then thePlay 6tation$ only when they have free time(2 Thanks a lot for these valuable tips(5 *ot at all and thank you for your invitation(
- dvantaes of Play station
5 Aeans of entertainment
5 earn how to deal with comple7 situation
5 ;evelop cognitive skills
5 Reinforce patience
5 le7i%ilit! and adapta%ilit!
5 nteractive- 6isadvantaes of Play station
5 contact with different forms of violence
5 get into %ad ha%its
5 enhance la2iness
5 lead to addiction
5 neglect studies
5 lose contact with real life
5 inhi%it communication
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Lessons ": PriDe !inners
9 Vocabulary:
"o reward 8 to praise" to award
ward 8 pri2e" tri%ute
Pa!ing no attention 8 regardless
Features 8 characteristics
?ift 8 award" pri2e" talent
9 Grammar: B djectives; suffies
5ng coming
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5c scientific
5-ant significant
5 ve effective
5ul respectful
5Gus prestigious
5#d presented
B Passive form object + verb /to be + %ast %artici%le) + subject
Bctive form subject + verb + object
Lesson ): *oen /oose to ot o,t
9 VocabularyPats 8 wa!s of achieving something
t te e%ense of 8 with damage to
Reconition 8 pu%lic praise and reward
7ite (v) 8 to mention something as a reason3old someone accountable for sometin 8 to consider a person responsi%le for something
$alued 8 -onsidered important
9 Grammar "e subjunctive is used in formal" impersonal #nglish
!t is essential tat
!t is advisable tat + subject + verb in te subjunctive /bare infinitive)
0e insist tat
eader + ship 0 Relation + ship
0y do women coose to o%t out
' Reasons %ehind opting out:
5 -orporation fails to satisf! their professional needs
' ?oals %ehind opting out
5 To gain more freedom" recognition" mone!
5 aving their own %usiness$
' Solution to keep women in their positions
5 Provide them with more fle7i%ilit!5 dentif! potential" competent managers" award their contri%utions and give them ke! positions in the
compan!$
9 *riting
<owada!s" women have a %ig role in societ!" nevertheless" some women choose to opt out and start their
own %usiness$ ?ive !our opinion a%out this issue$
Plan
- !ntroduction
Speak in ?eneral a%out women nowada!s and their role in societ!
- <ody
.h! do women choose to opt outH
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' Reasons (#$g$ -orporation fails to satisf! their professional needs)
' ?oals (to gain more freedom" having their own %usiness)
' Solution for the -orporation (provides them with more fle7i%ilit!" identif! women with high potential
and give them %ig positions)
- 7onclusion
;o the ma7imum with %usiness women in order to keep them in their positions %! offering more
compensation$
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Lesson .: Te &rain (rain
;efinition: The 3rain ;rain is the movement of highl! D skilled and 6ualified people from developing
nations to developed countries to earn more mone!$
B $ocabulary
!m%lication 8 Result" effect" conse6uence" outcome$
Futile 8 useless" inefficient" fruitless" worthless
Sortae 8 lack" a%sence" scarcit!" insufficienc!
7ontentions 8 controversial (issue) 8 likel! to cause disagreement %etween people$
"o ater %ace 8 to increase in num%er
(%ertise 8 skill in a particular su%*ect
B &rammar
5 #$g$ 1) e worked so hard that he got an e7cellent grade in the test (-lause)
5 unction: #7pressing a cause / conse;uence relationship
5 Structure: Su%*ect + v + so + ad*ective + that +clause
5 e was so sad that he stopped eating
(-ause) (-onse6uence)
#$g$ 9) he worked hard so that he would succeed in the e7am$
unction: #7pressing purpose
Structure: clause 1 + so that + clause 9
B !diomatic e%ressions
"e %lay te cards rit 8 to deal successfull!
"o swim aainst te tide 8 oppose the attitude that most people have$
"o sow te seeds of 8 start the process that leads to a particular result
B 0ritin:
The %rain drain is a controversial issue: s it a loss or a gainH ?ive !our opinion a%out this issue$
- "e <rain 6rain
.h! do people emigrateH
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5 3etter *o% opportunities
5 #arn more mone! and ameliorate ones living conditions
5 Aarriage purpose
5 3etter circumstances for scientific researches and inventions
5 Pursue ones high education 0 studies$
5 Political persecution$
5 ealth pro%lems
- Solution
To retain highl! educated people in their home countries" the government should provide incentives for
them (more mone! ke! positions %etter *o% opportunities)
Reverse brain drain: immigrate to developed countries then come %ack to ones home countr!
9 Reasons
3ecause their countr! needs their skills so" the! %ring their e7pertise" talents and hopes so that their
countr! profit from them$
9 Conse;uences#conomic recover!$
Me! positions for them
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Lesson 0: S/ientists a/ieeents
1. $ocabulary :
• 8ccur 8 to happen" to take place$
• (nable 8 make possi%le for someone to do something$
• anify 8 make something look %igger$
• ctual 8 real" e7act$
• Patent 8 the official right to %e the onl! to use or sell a product$
2. &rammar :
B Restrictive 5 relative clause:
met the inventor who won the <o%el Price
Ct cannot %e deleted %ecause" its essential for understanding the noun %efore it$
B ,on-restrictive relative clause:The game" which we had long %een waiting for" %egan at 9 pm$
It can %e deleted without harming the meaning of the sentence (it is not essential to understand the noun
it follows)$
* Possible topics Aake an interview with Q/hmed UewailV" so prepare a set of 6uestions related to his nvention$
write a paragraph a%out an invention !ou choose (T," AP@" mo%ile phone)$;ecide whether it is a
%lessing or a curse
(am%le: advantaes and disadvantaes of te PD:
B "e benefits of tis invention:
< listen to music(<'atch video clips(
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< Play many games(< ave fun and makes a person more comfortable(
B "e disadvantaes of tis invention:
< >ausing harm to the eyes ?to watch video clips@ and ears ?listen to loud music@(<>an destroy family bounds(<To be addicted to this technological device(< *o concentration(< *eglecting one.s studies studies(
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Lesson : #Te (aFodils% >y *illia *ords!ort
Stanza ts a group of lines of verse that makes the unit of poetr!$
Rhyme the repetition of similar sounds in poetr!" the most common rh!me is the Qend rh!meV$
' Possi%le topics: The %iograph! of .illiam .ords.orth" The poet of QnatureV$
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N(T0) #(1E (SS ES
////////////////////////////////////////////////////
////
Lesson 1: Li8e Con/erns
9Vocabularyifeless 8 not living" inanimate" dull
ifelong 8 lasting" constant" permanent
ifelike 8 realistic" authentic" real
ife time 8 long" lasting" continuing" unending
ife work 8 career" e7istence" period
ife and death 8 essential" critical" crucialifest!le 8 conduct" wa! of life" ha%its
or life 8 long" lasting" continuing" unending
ife 8 %iograph!" %eing" e7istence
?ive up 8 stop doing something
/ stroke 8 sudden serious illness
Aistaken 8 wrong in ones opinion or *udgement
9 E.g. o# li#e issues1) Wo% 8 success D efficienc! 5 career>$
9) /ttitudes and values 8 tolerance D love D *o% D charit! 5 dignit!>@) Success in life 8 famil! life D love D *o% D education 5 relations>
C) ealth issue 8 illnesses 5 famine>
E) #nvironment 8 pollution D rec!cling D protecting animals 5 energ!>
9 CollocationsRespirator! illness 0 Aake a difference 0 Tough *o% 0 Set an e7ample 0 eel tense
Solve a pro%lem 0 <egative effects 0 Meep in mind 0 save mone! 0 ung cancer
9 +$e topic
5!ou are a dietician and !ou are giving a presentation at school to sensiti2e pupils to get their Qfive a da!Vin order to have a good health
BPu%il;s 0ritin: /five a day a ealty diet)
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ello kidsJ Toda! well tr! to talk a%out having !our Qfive a da! Q$ ive is the num%er of fruits and
vegeta%les that a person should consume ever! da!$ The! can %e tinned" dried or *uiced" %ecause the! can
help !ou to have the chance to maintain a %alanced %od!" a health! lifest!le and weight level$ or
e7ample eat few dates and chopped tomatoes ever! morning$ Bou should consume natural and fresh
vegeta%les to preserve their nutrients" and the %est wa! to cook vegeta%les is steaming$ n addition" dont
peel the apples %ecause vitamins are under the skin of the fruit Qan apple a da! keeps the doctor awa!V$
So these are the tips that can help ever! one to have a good health$
B void te ris#y abit of smo#in
9'egati)e e##ects : ung cancer 0 eart disease 0 Respirator! illnesses 0 Stroke 0 .aste of mone!
' 6o7 to ;uit 5 Aust have the desire to give up smoking" the confidence and the determination to 6uit this %ad ha%it
5 Remind !ourself of the negative effects of smoking
5 .hen !ou feel tense or like to smoke" get !our self %us!
' Bene#its o# ;uitting
5 ave a %etter health for the smoker and his famil!
5 Save mone!
5 -ut the risk of health pro%lems
5 To smell and taste %etter
5 The cough goes a wa!
5 The %reath smells %etter
B Pu%il;s 0ritin /smo#in)
#Gill te /igarette >e8ore it +ills yo,% Smoking has man! dangers such as lung cancer" heart disease" stroke and other respirator! illnesses$ ts
a waste of mone!" so advise !ou to stop smoking %ecause when !ou 6uit smoking !oull %ecome
healthier" it cuts the risk of health pro%lems and !ou will have a %etter health for !ou and especiall! for
!our famil!$ So !ou must %e strong5 willed to stop th deadl! ha%it$
Lesson 2: ATTITU(ES
9 E5amples o# attitu!es:
oving people and %eing prudent
Taking care of friendship
3eing %rave and fearless
oving ones countr!
Respecting all people and not %eing *ealous$
3eing self Dconfident
3eing frank and sincere
3e %etter than others in ever! situation
3e alwa!s lovel! and loving
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3e alwa!s truthful and honest
9 Vocabulary 5 Profound (ad*) 8 deep
5 7oward (ad*) 8 someone who is not courageous
5 $aliant (ad*) 8 %rave
5 (nvy 8 to %e *ealous 5 Sa (v) 8 %end down
5 Sa#e 8 trem%le 8 shiver
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Lesson 3: I8 9% &y R,dyard Giling
9 Vocabulary
5 "rium% 8 victor! 5&ive way to 8 Stop resisting
5a#e allowance for 8 to consider something
5$irtue 8 ?ood %ehavior and attitude ≠ vice
5Foes 8 enem!
5!m%ostor 8 a person who pretends to %e someone else to deceive people
"o%ic 5;o !ou think that morals are essential to succeed in lifeH .rite a paragraph to e7press !our opinion$
5ow can !ou deal with lifes pro%lemsH 3eing patient
onest
-ourageous
-ool
Prudent
/ccepting loss and gain
/void violence %! tolerance
Peace is %etter than war so tr! to %e a peaceful man$
The most important values people should respect$
Solidarit! is a no%le reaction which strengthens relationships %etween people in different countries.
Lesson ): E/odriing
)1(ow to save energ!$ ?ive tips 0 pieces of advice on how to save energ!$ .hat should
we doH
5/ dripping hot water tap wastes energ! and in one week wastes enough hot water to fill half a %ath so
fi7 leaking taps and make sure the!re full! turned off $
5Gnl! %oil as much water as !ou need$
5/lwa!s turn off the lights when !ou leave a room$
5;ont leave appliances on stand%! and remem%er not to leave appliances on charge unnecessaril!$
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)9(/dvise people on ecodriving: ow to drive while economi2ing energ!" saving mone!
and protecting the environment>>$$what should we doH
The responsi%ilit! of the great pu%lic to save the environment$
5 would reduce m! consumption of water $
5 would save energ!$
5 would use non5 polluting means of transport$ 5Share m! *ourne!s when possi%le$
5Service the car regularl! and maintain the right t!re pressure$
5=se m! air conditioning sparingl!$
5Remove roof racks when not in use as the! significantl! increase air resistance and fuel consumption$
!olutions
"reen peacePublic#ndustryThe governmentEnvironmental$angers
5.riting ads in
which the!sensiti2e people
to the negative
effects of
pollution on
peoples health$
5Speech or T,
programs$
5=se non
pollutingtransport$
5Reuse %ottles
and dont throw
awa! things
which can %e used
again$
5To filter to7ic
fumes$ 5Reuse and
rec!cle the
ru%%ish$
53uilding
industries far
awa! from the
populated areas$
5egislate laws to
fine people when the!throw ru%%ish in the
street$
5Sensiti2e people on
the media$
Pollution
5Protecting
some t!pes of
animals which
%ecome
endangered$
5?ive a good
wa! to nourish
animals$
5water plants
5To filter to7ic
fumes which
cause animals
and even plants
death
53anning hunting$
5Push people to
plant more trees$
%nimal and plants
e&tinction
/ds$and T,
programs to
convene people
to economi2e
water
#conomi2ing
water and energ!
consumption$
5;ecrease
consuming energ!
in industr!$
5Protect the
resources like water
and petrol$
!carcity o' naturalresources
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Lesson . 21 : Ur>an E?od,s9
9rban eodus: moving from the town to the countr!$
Rural eodus: moving from the countr! to the cit!$
9 Vocabulary:
5Pea# (n) 8highest level$
5$ibrant (ad*) 8 e7citing$
5=ife e%ectancy (n) 8num%er of !ears a person is likel! to live$
5 decade (n) 81O !ears 0 a centur! 8 1OO !ears 0 a millennium 8 1OOO !ears$58utlive (v) 8live longer
56ecline (n+v) 8decrease
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5<oomin (ad*) 8growing" %eing successful$
9 Gammar:
'3oth Cdes%iteE and CaltouE are con*unctions used to e7press -G<TR/ST$
/0e$g$: /lthough he is ill" he comes to school$
ltou + clause 1 + clause 2$30e$g$ ;espite his illness" he comes to school$
Gr he comes to school" despite his illness$
6es%ite + noun + clause 8R clause + des%ite +noun$
'the same form is used to have a parallel structure 8a %arallelism.
#$g$: the! en*o! %etter health" longer life and lower crime$
ere the structure Xcom%arative + noun; is repeated$
(ountry li'e
%dvantages dra)backs
'a higher rate of life e7pectanc!: people inthe countr!side live longer %ecause the! are
healthier$
'a sense of communit! %etween the
inha%itants: the! have a more sociall!
vi%rant life$
'a clean air and a %etter 6ualit! of water
%ecause there is less pollution$
'a clean environment and an ecologicall!
health! atmosphere$
'fewer means of entertainment$'fewer means of transport$
'fewer amenities$
'the %ad 6ualit! of streets$
'%oring$
The city to)n li'e
%dvantages dra)backs'interesting life with more means
of entertainment$
'eas! transport
'%etter *o% and stud!
opportunities$
'traffic *am$
'polluted air and water$
'nois!$
'crowded
'dangerous with higher rates of crime$
'more accidents$
9 0ossible topics:o .hich do !ou prefer" countr! life or cit! lifeH .h!H
o /re !ou for or against ur%an e7odusH .h!H .rite a paragraph to state !our viewpoint and support
it with convincing arguments$
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Lesson 0 222: A 'E*SCAST9
9 Vocab:5 7ri%%led 8 damaged$
5 3am%ered 8 made more difficult$
5 "o siver 8 to trem%le" to shake$
5 (ndanered 8 threatened$
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5 Plummetin 8 dropping rapidl!$
5 dri44le8 a light rain
5 "o %our 8 to rain heavil! Qits raining cats and dogsV
5 tic# mist 8 fog$
9GRAMMAR: +$e passi)e
'9se: we use the passive form when we dont know the doer of the action or when the action is more
im portant than the doer$
#$g$: 5 ;rivers are asked to take care$
5 / state of emergenc! was declared$
Structure :object + to be /in te tense of te active verb) + %ast %artici%le
<Units o# measurement:
' Temperature: degree -elsius$ 0 ;egree ahrenheit$
' ;istance and length: the foot" the inch" !ard" mile$'.eight 0 mass: stone" pound" ounce$
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Lesson 220: StaF Manageent
#mplo!ment5 related words:
' Staff 8 all the workers emplo!ed in an organi2ation$
' To manage 8 to run
' The manager 8 the %oss" the chief" the emplo!er$
' To dismiss 8 to fire" to sack" to force someone to leave a *o%' .age 8 salar!" pa!$
' -ompan! 8 firm$
9Vocabulary:
5 To %e keen 8 to %e interested$
5 ?oing green 8 concerned with the protection of the environment$
5 =tterl! 8 completel!$
5 Strike 8 refuse to work as a protest$
5 -ulprit 8 person or thing causing a pro%lem or crime$5 /sset 8 valua%le" useful person or thing$
5 To reckon 8 to think$
9Grammar: parallelism:
#$g$: like not onl! reading novels %ut also watching films$
The structure: Qv + in + nounE is repeated
5 Such reforms help reduce povert! and improve peoples life$
The structure Qbare infinitive + nounE is repeated$
5 Shakespeare wrote comedies" tragedies" romances and historical pla!s$
"e structure Plural nounE is repeated$$
9 0ossible topics.
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1) 0rite an article about bad * %oor staff manaementA %roblems wic may eist between manaers
and em%loyeesA and its im%lications on te com%any.
Aanagers attitudes #mplo!ees feelings
5dont encourage their emplo!ees$
5fail to keep them interested$
5don trust them$
5dont respect them
5dont care a%out them as people
5threaten to fire them
5 ;emotivated to work
5 ;isappointed$
5 Ph!sicall! present" %ut ps!chologicall! a%sent
5Threaten to strike
-onse6uent effects on the compan!$ -risis" low productivit!" underperformance$
2) 3ow sould em%loyers and em%loyees beave towards eac oters
5 There should e7ist a mutual respect among them$5 The emplo!er should consider his workers as human %eings" not as machines and should treat them in
the same wa!$
5 The emplo!er should punish the worker if he underperforms and should reward and encourage him if he
is competent$
5 The emplo!ee should work seriousl!" consider the compan! as his own and care a%out its future$
5 3oth the %oss and the worker should communicate with each others and there should e7ist a dialogue
%etween them$
Lesson 4 232: o> ads9
ooking for a *o%" !oung graduates read *o% ads which contain the position offered" the re6uirements
(needed 6ualities) and the advantages of the advertised *o%$
Bcollocation:
5 seek 0 look for 0 search a *o%$ D -ultural tourism$
5 to %e proficient at #nglish$ D Team leader$
5 /pplication form$ D Personal office$
5 igh56ualit! research$ D -losing date$
5 -areer path 5 Wo% ads$
B%airs of synonyms:
5 Seeking 8 looking for$ 5commitment 8 willingness to work hard
5 Proficient 8 e7perienced$ 5potential 8 6ualities$
5 -, 8 %io data$ 5closing date 8 deadline$
5 Per annum 8 per !ear$ 5/pplicant 8 candidate$
uggeste! 7riting:
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Byou ave just com%leted your university studies. 7oose an advertised job and write a letter to
a%%ly for it. "al# about te reasons for your writinA mention your GualificationsA %ersonal and
%ysical GualitiesA e%erience and s%ecial acievements in tat domain.
Formal layout:
/$ The senders address$3$ ;ate$
-$ <ame and address of the receiver$
;$ The opening (;ear sir0madam0 receivers name)$
#$ The lettre 0 the %od!$
$ The closing (!ours faithfull! 0 sincerel! 0 trul!)
?$ Signature$
$ The senders name in %lock letters$
#$g$: Pupils writing
Revolution Street Harat IJ2I
J2*JK*2J1J
iddle (ast virtual scool.
21 ,obel StreetA =ondon$
6ear Sir"
n repla! to !our advertisement in the QTimeV newspaper for an #nglish teacher" would like to %e
considered for the position$
The 6ualifications !ou ask for are closel! related to those have$ have a doctorate in #nglish with
a certificate in translation from #nglish to rench$ have also replaced a teacher for F months" and have
worked in a translation office for 9 !ears$ or the social 6ualifications" am a man with great a%ilities tocommunicate speciall! with kids who were the main thesis in m! doctorate$
or using the computer" have a diploma in using all the windows and of course am e7cellent at using
the net$$
hope that !ou will consider m! application favora%l! and am waiting for !our answer as soon as
possi%le
Lours faitful.
(Signature)
L(, ,??R.
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Bor arts st,dents: session 23) #Te Ri/er@ Teoorer%
0ords related to ricness 0ords related to %overty
rich0the haves0wealth!0fortunate0
lu7urious
affluent0comforta%le0well5to5do$
5the have5nots0poor0%adl!5
off0%roke0impoveriched0need!0penniless0penurious0short
0tight0Vto live in ragsV
Bvocabulary
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0ord ntonyms
To save To waste
Sorrow Wo!
eel happ! To grieve(v) grief(n)
-ritici2e Praise
To den! To confess$
Bor arts st,dents: session 4 2";:%A Se/ret Bor T!o%
&y JUE'TI' RE$'OL(S' )ocabulary:
5an7ious (ad*) 8 worried (ad*)
5/n7iet! (n) 8 worr! (n)
5to retire 8 to 6uit ones *o% %ecause of old age 0 retirement (n)
5to %e panic5stricken 8 to %e e7tremel! shocked
5wear! (ad*) 8 e7tremel! tired
5deli%eratel! 8 on purpose ≠ accidentall!
5to mirror 8 to reflect
5to pass awa! 8 to die$
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Bor art st,dents: session 1; 2") #*at a *onder8,l*orldK%
Bvocabulary:
5optimistic 8 hopeful ≠ pessimistic 8 hopeless" desperate (ad*) despair (n)
5to %e fascinated 8 to %e impressed
5marvels (n) 8 marvelous (ad*)
5sacred 8 hol!$
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'ith my best wishes of success in the e!am( 9our English teacher %rs( "eila "aCghab( Darat F G FHG FF
0ord synonyms
To race To move fast
Sorrow Sadness
To emplo! To hire
Precious ,alua%le
#conomicall! rugall!$