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npil TaKOM rioAxoRe OKa3b1BalOTCSI HOCHTCMHMH CHCTCMbl IICXOJAHLAX, a 3HatIHT —

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1 Flpmmeny mpKmil npmmep TaKoro Tmna CynICH1411 113 CTaTb14 B. M. )KHBOBa H

B. A. YcneHcKoro "MeTamopcho3b1 aHT114H0r0 mnimecTea" (cTaTbm 1984 rolla, noTom gononHzmwamcm): "Bocripmsrrne emponeficKoll Kynurypim KaK HOB0r0 23b14eCTBa,

ocKnepHmionkero npamocnamHylo PyCb, CTaHOBHTCA 0)11114M 143 OCHOBHbIX MOMCHTOB B

penennmm 3anagHoro BJ1 11AHHA — BO BCAKOM cnynae Ansi KoHcepHaTHHHoil aymwropmm. Flowromy oTerynneHmm OT TpammgmoHHo11 npamocnamHon KynE,Typbi, comepularotmmeem B 6.nm*ailwem oKpyoKeHmm fleTpa, 3aKoHomepHo HocnpwimmaloTcm KaK nepexom H3

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B. M. Pa3bICKaHHA B 06nacm mcTopmz H npembieropmm pyccKon KynbTypm. MOCKBa

28 MapuR Muextuuma

PHma, =ITO noHHmacrot TpatiHnHoHanHeramn, HnH npetinonaraeTcsi, =ITO HOH14-

maercsi HMH HJIH JA011)KHO HOHHMaTbCSI HMH — KaK K01.11yHCTBO.

Ho Hbnieunund spemeHam CHCTeMHbI11 noAxoil 14 BMCCTe C HHM antapHme cacTembi pwe XOTSI 6bI HO III4CTO twianetermieciatm inipiewmam noTepsinH cuoe o6aHHHe 14 Ciana o6nieolieuHAHoti Heo6xottHmocTb paCH1HpSITb none 3peinni • yCJI0)KH51 101.11HX cpaxTopou. 2 Ho npH BCCX yCJI0)KH511011.X11X yCHJIHSIX ocTawrcsi He113MeHHIAM KI110 11eB011 A.1151 cemHomxtecxoro noTtxoTta Hcxombiti HyHKT: noHHmaHHe HCTOp1111 KaK 11CpeB0p0Ta, coueptuaemoro B OTHOLIIeH14H K

ecTecTuelmoil, Hpainunmoii pentwHo3Hoti TpaxlltHH. HOBaSI CTaTIA1 B. M. )1(Huosa, xoTopast oneuvutHo npH3BaHa maHHcpecTH-

HOBLIPI yCJIMICHCHHbIg merott cemHoTHilecxoro HJIH nocTcemHoTHme- cxoro nogxoTta K neTpoucimm pecpopmam — "KynbTypHbie pecpopmbi B cHcTeme npeo6pa3oBaHHA HeTpa I" — B OCHOBe coxpaHneT 1103H111410 H3HanaJIMI011' Jin H

HCTOpHH meToTta pa6oTbi B. A. YcneHcxoro "Historia sub specie semioticae". 3 YCJI0>K1151K/IIIIIM maTepHanom 3ttech HBn1eTCH npetimyutecTuenHo KOHCTaH-

THHOBa napaAHrma, paccmoTpeHHem pOITH xoTopoil B nponarawie HeTp0BCKOF0

nepHoTta B cTaTbe yilteneHo MHOFO mecTa, KaK B OCHOBHOM TexcTe, TaK H B

nplimegaHH5tx, Tia)Ke 14 KOppeKTypHbIX, TITO CBIIReTeilbCTByeT O 11.110ROTB0pHOM

nynerne He3aBepLIICHHOCTH pa3mbnunemni. RefICTB14TCJIbH0, KOHCTaHTHH

CTOSIJI Ha rpatunte me*ity aHTWIHOCTLIO H XpHCTHaHCKHM nepHoTtom 14CTOpHH, KOHCTaHTHHOBa napamwma, cpopmnposainuastcH CTOJIeT1151MH H nce- Ft@ Haxotufinuasicsi B ttiniamnxe, cbwpana ubmatoutylocsi pOnb B anoxy nepe- xoRa K HOBOMy upemenH KaK B EBpone, TaK H B POCCHH. CO6CTBCHHO, uHyTpit KOHCTaHTHHOBOil napa;:iHrmbi, B npotteccax 06HOBJ1e11H51 ee, B yCJI0B1151X pa3BH- Batoinerocst Hosoro BHACH1451 aHTYPIHOr0 mHpa chopmilposanach HOBbIe KOH-

• BJ1aCTII 14 HCTOpH11, AatontHe mecTo CBCTCKOIA ccpepe. Honbrrica pa6oTbl e 3THM maTepHanom morna 6bi ttaTb H y)Ke HOIITH ttaeT awropy ubtxott 113

TynHxa, HO TpamwHst meTowa, o6asnme npmemou ero OKa3b1BalOTCSI canbHee H

2002, c. 474). B 3'1'0M nei:mente uaxojitim xapaierepuble uelyrbi: nepaoe ycaomme mwre-puany KamecTua npocrofi cucTembi 6rmaptioro 'rima H, wropoe, RB),314a41HOCTb BbICKa-

31.1BaH1451, 1103130.117410114)40, 110 BO3MO*HOCTAM H CKROHHOCTHM mwrwrena, ripmuumwrb CM-

crremy 113111 KaK npucyutyio maTepaany H.1114 KaK cucremy 14CHHOC3'efi ormcbmalouteti CTO-

p0Hbl HJIH KaK TO 14 apyroe amecre.

2 ORN H 113 nocneitoriaTesibuertwax npoucumuKou wrpywryprio-cemuoTtptecKoro meToita, B. M. )1(14BOB B ripeaucnointil K HeJtaBHO abuneamemy c6opuriKy wraTeri no)i-

mepKimaer CBOC HamepeHne Mani 01' pejiyKu1mm3ma 3T0F0 rioitxoRa, wro, offitaKo, He

memaer emy BOC11110113BORNTb B C60pH14KC KnaccutlecKue o6pa31tm ero, B TOM 4114cne

pa6oTy o6 aW114 ,1HOM 5131,1 41CCTBe.

3 YcneucKuti B. A. Historia sub specie semioticae / Kynwryptioe uacneitue itpert-Hai Pycri: (1/1wroKu. Oratiormemie. MOCKBa 1976, c. 286-292.

CemuomugecKite Itcc ✓ieòwmunt ✓i IlempoBcKeù anoxu 29

aBTOp HoupainaeTcH K 061,1 1111b1M paccpxReinum O TOM, TITO cmeHa KOHHe11- HHH BJIaCTH 6bIJIa peR141403HbIM Bb160p0M neTpa , KOTOpbIll olieHm3a.ricH Tpa-mmoHarnicTamll KaK HosegeHHe aHTHXpHCTOBO. "IlpeTemyn Ha pOJIE. anoxa-BHIITWIeCK0r0 BO)KASI Hapow3 (OTBCTOM Tpa)jHHHoHHoro CO3HaHHH Ha 3TH

11peTCH3H14 H 6b1/10 BOCI1p1451THe neTpa KaK aHmxplicTa), neTp BMeCTC C TeM

HpHIIFICb1BaJI celie 13.11aCTb gemHypra — THopHa HOBOR3 nopsmica (Hanpamep, no mogenn TbICSITICJIeTHer0 Hapcma)" H T. H.4 BHOBb B pe3yabTaTe HonyHrpoHoe HbicTpaHHaHHe awropcxoù H03141H4H B COOTBeTCTBHH C HCKyCCTBeHHO pexoH-cTpyHpyemoil no3H1 He1i TpaAHHHoHaJmcTos H B 11pOTHBOHOCTaBneHHH K Hcxyc-CTBel-IHO nocTy.nHpyemoil H03141H4H neTpa.

MaTepHasi, HoHnexaembnl B cemHoTwiecxne Hcc.riejkoHam4g HeTposcxat 3HOXH, ROCTaTONEHO umpox. ELISIO 6b1 rpomomxo ocHapHHaTb 14X BbIBOTIbI 3a ctieT go6aHneHHH HOBbIX cHegeHHA H.1114 3a etici' cnopos O KoppeKTHocTH xa)K-;loro gaHHoro HpHmepa. 3TH pa6OTbI H He HywHo ocnapHHaTb H xoppexTH-poHaTb, noTomy CITO 01114 campi cTalni IlaMSITHHKOM xy.nbTypm, 14 HpH 3TOM HOBOJIMIO 3I1a 1IHTeJIbIlblM. Ba)KHO HCIree 11pCHCTaBHTb OCO6eHHOCTH H KOpHI4

3TOP0 HanpameHHH, cpegH KOTOpIAX HaH6onee cywecTHeHHbim HMeHHO AMA

rpyrinbi HCCJICROBaHHA HO neTposcKoil anoxe npegcTaHnneTcH npmcyrcume npocHemeHtiecxoro KOMHOHeHTa. 3TO mo)KeT II0Ka3aTbCH napaRoxcanbllbim, IlOCKOJIbKy aBTopm Ila3BaHHbIX pa6OT CTpeMSITCSI HgeHTHcinlluiponaTbcH C

1103HHHeÙ pen 14fH03HbIX TpagHHHOHaJIHCTOB 14 TCM cambim OTOHBHHyTbCH B03-

mo)Kno gamme OT FIpocHeTHeHHH. OWIaKo petib HgeT He O HanpaHnerum ca-MOHACHTHCPliKaBH14, a O cxogcTHe meToRoH.

IO. M. .TIOTMaH 110CBSITHJI pOJI1 IlpocHemeHHH )[MM cpopmHpoBaHHH pyc-CKOPI xysibTyphi He.abgi pAB pa6OT, 113 KOTOpLIX HeHTpanbnbie — Pyc-CO 14 pyCCKOM pyccoH3Me. 5 B xoHetmom ctieTe OH oTpechnexTHpoHan OCITOBO-

nonaraiouvio posib pyccomma 14 HpocHeineHHH Ho06we JjJIH T011 KyJIbTypHOPI

IlepCIICKTHI3b1, KOTOpa51 6bIJIa OCHOBHOÙ HJI51 Hero HepC011aRb110 H B KOTOp011

pa3BHBa.TIHCb MeTOHIA pyCCKOÙ CCMHOTHK11. XVIII BeK 6bIJI RJ151 IO. M. Roma-Ha Ao 80-x rOBOB OCHOBIIbIM MaTepHaJIOM TIMM Bb1511311eH142 MOHeJ1d1 xy.ribTypbi 14 OCHOBHbIM HOR FIFOHOM jjnM HX 14C11bITaHH51, 3Ta1, Ha KOTOpOM OH B OCHOBHOM

OCTaHaBJIHBaJICH. RaBbile11111ee FICH0J1b30BaIIHe BbIpa60TaIlHbIX TaKHM o6pa-

30M 11p0HeHyp KaK MeT0)1a HCCJICHOBaIIHZ 03Haq/IJI0 321KpeI1J1ellHe 1103HII1411

4 )1<liBoB B. M. KymaypHme pechopmbt 13 cmc'reme cipeo6pa3oBaHn11 Flurpa I / Pa3b1CKaH1151 B o6siacT11 licTopum N ripenbicrropon pyccKoil KysibTypbt., c. 401.

5 lloTman 10. M. Pycco N pyccKasi KyilbTypa XVIII — Hwiana XIX BeKa /1/136paHlibie cTaTim. T. 2. TaIIIINFIH 1992, c. 40-99; 14CTOKI1 "TOJICTOBCKOr0 Haripaanemig" 13 pyc-CK011 .urreparrype 1830-x rogoB / 1/136paffimie cTaTbm. T. 3. Ta.n.numi 1993, c. 49-90 11 Rpyrite pa6oThi.

30

Main LH Ilatoxcutoeci

HccnenoBaTeneil BHyTpur ripocrieTviTenbcKofi napaRHrmm. flposmneHHem ee B

pa6oTax o HeTpoBcKoil 3110XC 51B1151eTC51 TH1114tIHa51 )4/1 51 mbic.iniTeneil ripoci3e-ineHHH aKTFIBHaSI KpHTHHecKasi 110311141151 HO OTHOLLICHHIO K HCTOpH1ICCKOMy Hpogeccy, howsmaemomy KaK HapymeHHe HpaBHabHoro Hopansca, scaK Hepeso-poT, H C1351 3aHHOe C HHM HacTam3aHHe Ha 6HHapHoù cxeme nepessopoTa. 0HeH-Ka HepeBopoTh KaK HyTH OT cBeTa K mpaKy IIJIH OT MpaKa K CBCTy He meHsieT cyTH meToRa. CywecTBeHHoe cxoncTi3o Me +q HpocBeTHTenbcKsim H CeMHOTH-

IIeCKHM 110):(X0)40M K HCTOpHH — meTon monenHporiaHHH ripaimnbHoro ecTecT-BeHHOF0 CO311aHH5I, OCHOBaHHOI'O Ha cBeTnom pa3yme 141114 Ha ninToil Bepe, (oHa B 3TPIX KoHcTpyimsisix 51B115ICTC51 onepaTHBHLim aHanorom CBCTJI0F0 pa3y-Ma), HO OTHOLIICHHIO K KoTopomy HCT0p1451, Hommaemasi KaK nenoBenecKHe neHHHH, oKa3biBaeTcsi Koppymimpromeil C14/10h 141111, C HpOTHB0110110>KHbIM

3HaKOM, OCB060)4HTCJIbH0A CHJI041. YKOpeHeHHOCTb cemHoTHnecKux HHTepHpe-TaHHH E. A. YCIleHCK01'0 H B. M. )1(11B0Ba B IlpocHeineHHH, KoTopoe 6J1H3K0

HO BpemeHH K HeTposcsa4m peckopmam, 14 110B111454J10 HO BocupseiTHe HeTpoB-CKFIX pechopm B XVIII sexe, ripsinaeT 14M HcTopHnecKoe 3HaneHme, moweT 6bITb, 6onmuee, xiem HmeloT npyrHe pa6oTm unconbi, ripHmeHmouffle Te *e 110;4X0Abl K HcTopmiecKH 6onee oTnaneHHomy OT IlpocHemeHHH maTepHany.

POJIb IlpocHemeHHH KaK OCHOBbI rymaHHTapHofi MbICJIH B nep14o) Hocne HTopoil mvipoBofi BOtl'Hbl 6bIJIa BCCO6ILICfi ARSI EBp0I1bI 11 oco3HaHa. HTan 1,51H-

CKI4ti CILel4P1a11HCT HO HCTOpHH flpocHeigeHust ronopHT o6 3TOM BpemeHH KaK

3 110XC He0H111110MHHH3Ma, oxHaTsminero He TO.TILKO cTpaHm 3artaBHoft Espo-Hbl, HO CoenHHeimbie 111TaTbI 14 COBeTCKHft C0103. 6

0611WOCTb KopHeil o6ycnonana cxoncmo HanpaHne~ 14 TeHneHHHH ry-maHHTapHoil MbICJIH mexmy cTpaHamvi, He HMe13111HMH peanbHIDIX KynbTypHmx KOHTaKTOB, 14 mexcnyHaponHoe 3HatieHHe pyccmix pa6oT, HaHHCal1HbIX B ycno-BVISIX H3011511p1H. CX0nIeH1151 141114 pacxownemin, smorna Hechma CHJIbHbIC,

11p0HCX01(1411H B emHom mHpe HeonpocnemeHHH. B lIaCTHOCT14, HHTepecroulasi Hac 3nech meTononorsmecxaH noTpe6HocTb B "ecTecTBeHHom lienosexe" H

"CCTeCTBeHHOM O6WCCTBe" KaK HpHemax cTpyKTypHpoBaHvist nomemaeT B

HeHTp HaynHoro BHHMaH1151 nepBo6BITHme o6L(ecTsa K. neBH-CTpocca, cna-BSIHCK0e 513bIlIeCTBO B. B. HBaHOBa H B. H. TOIL0p0Ba H cTapoo6pHnues B.A.YCIICHCKOF0 14 B. M. )1(14130Ba.

Fny6sumasi CB513b C IlpocBeineHHem o6ycnaHnsmaeT xapaKTepHoe CBOil-

CTBO 06cyHmaembix 3necb cemHoTHnecKux pa6oT — OTTaJIKI4BallHe OT 6apOKKO,

TO CCT!. aciensoneHHe H3 HOJI51 3peHissi HcePs 3110X14 Hepexona K HOBbIM chopmam

KysibTyphi. Ansi 3T01'0 14 BmnensleTcsi ycnommil cTapoo6paneg, "eCTCCTBeH-

6 Casini P. Introduzione all'illuminismo: Da Newton a Rousseau. Roma-Bari, Laterza, 1973, p. XIV.

Ce.41110MIlrleCKIle Tlempmeicoli anoxu 31

HbIn" Apennepyccienti nelIOBCK, HHKOrga IIe *HBILIFIn B yCJI0BMIX 3TOPI nepe-xffition inmamlmecxon xynuryphi H pameninomMi MHCHHH awropon.

npOBepMTb, B KaKOH 3LIOXe, B neTpoacxon rum mron, KoperniTcsi oco6ermocTir Historia sub specie semioticae, COHOJIMKHM eÌI ;ma unygasi npn-MeHeHII K HeTpy KOHCTaHTHHOBOil napagrambi: omm — CO6CTBeHHO neTpoB-

CKOI'O 'Temerli,' H HOIITH E3 pyie camoro HeTpa, BTOpOil — KOHILa BeKa. KOH-

cTanTnnoBa napagnrma — HOBTOpHM — nmeeT Knionenoe 3nageinie B nepexo-Rax K nonomy BpeMeHH.

HepBb1 cnynan — TpaxTaT (Deocbarm Hpoxononkam, 110CBSILLICIIHMI1 BO-

npocy nepicomion pechopmbi HeTpa: "P03bICK HCTOpHneCKHH, KOHX paRvi BEH, H

B SIKOBOM pa3yme 6bITIH E Fiamma:mesi nmnepaTopm pHMCTIFFI, KaK 23bItIeCTHH,

TaK E XpHCTHHHCTHE, nonTrichexcamn HJIH apialepegmn mnoro6o>mraro 3axona; a B 3aKOHC XpHCTHaHCTeM, XpHCTHaHCTHH rocygapvi, moryT IIH napeamcii cremai H apienepen, H B xaxom pa3yMe". Pa6oTa (Deoctiana HOCHT CINIIIMIOFH-

neCKHfi H HCTOpHneCKHH xaparerep. 110 OTHOLLICHHIO K nen, KaK H HO OTHOIIIC-

LIMO KO BCCM Apyrnm pa6oTam, mem. pacCMaTpHBaeMbIM, MbI He CTaBHM BO-

npoca o BepralaumpyemocTu coo6umembix cseiiemni H nonowermn. Hac EH-

TepecyeT JIHLLIb CH0006 HCLIOnb30BaHHH KOHCTaHTHHOBOn napa)mrmm KaK

mocTa K aHTINHOCTH H KaK mocTa memmy rpenecimm H HaTHHCKHM, 3anagrimm H BOCTOnlibIM mripamn. l:Deocpan BbISIBJIHeT ripeemcTnemme CBSI3I1 H CX0HCTBO

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CKHX HOIIHTHil H TICikTBIIII H oneptimaeTcsi xpyr CBeTCKHX cnonoynoTpe-6neHIA. 3T0rO eMy CJIy>KHT ebvirypa KOHCTaHTHHa KaK casnyronram aHTHIIHbIn mrip C XpHCTFIaHCKHM. TO, LITO 6bIlIO B aHTWIHOCTH — TO CCTb cocpe-AOTOIlellne B pyxax BlIaCTIITenn pyieemoncTna Remami,' punirmi, H 6bIJIO

nocripormnuieno KOLICTaHT14110M B ycnommx nepexo ga K xpncTriancTny —

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CTaHTHHa imenmee, B OTJIIInHe OT nnyTpeimero enncxoncTna CBSIIIICHHHKOB,

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He TOJIbKO EITHCKOnaM11, HO H EHHCKOHaMH EIIHCKOILOB, a ;lena EX — cninnen- - B nepenocnom 3HaneHHH. 01>eockan yireniteT 6onmpylo num Tpax-

TaTa paccpKgermilm O nepenocmix H 6yxnanbrimx 3llagemmx. OH npurnaraeT nocripmmmaTb CJI0Ba "nonTricliexc" H "ernicxon" KaK, COOTBeTCTBCHHO, HaTHH-

cKoe H rpenecxoe 3aEMCTBOBaHEE, nmetonine CBOH 513bIKOBbIe 3HaneILHH, pe-

nurno3no HenarpyiKeimme: "Taxon() H rima Enncxon, nonuxe cablo co6oio ner3o6pa3yeT co6cTneimaro Aula RyX0BILLIX nacTupen, 'Pernice amale AOBOIMO

noxa3anocs3, HO TOLIIII0 3HanIFT imAcmoTpriTensi; MMKCT H abiconaiiffien BnaCTII

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nonemze najlicmoTpy OH011 noilmewaT E EHHCKOHIL, Toro pam no camon cymon

32 Mapita Ilaroxatuma

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ynoTpe6nsinninx xnaccnnecicoe nacnenne H pwropidxy nnsi yuranounemdz rparing memeny peMll'HO3HIAM H BHCIIIHHM HO OTHOULICHHIO K pennrido3nomy 3naimem 14 nomdmamdem. MO)KHO JIH 11p141111Tb miwinde, LITO TaKHC ypoxid ripo-111.1114 COBCp111eHHO MHMO pyccxoro onbrra?

B °mie upemst B. M. >KIIBOB 14 B. A. YCHelICKHfi, ynacTuysi B 1114CKyCCH11 O

6ap0KKO, yisep)Knann, iITO TH1114IIHaS1 Ansi 6apOKKO 1411eS4 KOHBeILIIHOHalIbHOCTH

3HaKa ocTanacb ny'Kna Pycid-Poccvm, tITO nIln Besmicopoccon caxpanbribig CMbICJI H caxpanumn 4lOpMa OCTa.1114Cb nepawdendimbi, a ecnid TITO-TO 14 6bino dmane, TO TOJIbKO 11011 BO3gefICTBHeM rocynapcmelmoil xyribTyptioil 110J1HTHK14.

3Ta pnrop13m, caM ce6m 1103Ha10IHHA, 14 CTaJI OCHOBOil KyJIbTypOJI0FHH riatimx anTopon. 8

PaccmoTprim npyroh cnynail npidmenedinn KOIICTaHTHHOBOA napaniumbi, KOTOpbIll 6yneT purrepecen Rip( nac cpa3y c Anyx cTopon: BO nepribue, — asoet%1 6,111430CTMO HO meTonam 14 pe3ynbTaTam K Historia sub specie semioticae, o6- yCJIOBJIM-111011, OiieBHJjHO, o61nefi 6.T1H30CTbIO K Hpocriememdio, BO-BTOpbIX,

nemoncTpanneil H3MCHCHHfi, xoTopme nponcxontum unyTpid O6pa3OB H CHM-

B0110B KOHCTaHTHHOBOPI napannrmbi ripn nepexone K nonomy spememi: "Cpan-iimme CBOIICTB H nen KOHCTalITHHa Benmaro nermaro 143 pdtmcnix xpri-cmaitocaro rimnepaTopa, C cuon'crrnamn 14 nenamid FleTpa Benrixaro, nepnaro ncepoccrificicaro nmnepaTopa, 14 npoininecTunl, B napcnionatine 060HX CHX

monapxon cnynninurixcn. Thopenne noxognaro Hriana 14BaHOBWIa FOJIHKOBa,

H3BeCTHaF0 COIIIIIIHTeJ151 Regimi fleTpa Bennicaro" (n. 1-2, MOCKBa 1810). 3T0 nponmeiwinde ttuyx awropon, olly6ndixosamwe nocmepTrio. KpOMe 0603- naneimoro na -nanne Fonrixosa, OHO BKJIIOLI3CT Tpyn fleTpa Anexceemina Anexceena, nyxoimoro mdcaTenn XVIII nexa. B oTnwine OT camoro FOJIHKO-

na, KOTOpb111, ReCSITHJIeTVISIMII Tpyiincb Ha)[ dicTopneil HeTpa BeJIHKOFO, 13)40X-

B OCHOBHOM CO6CTBCHHbIM ilyinemmtm wapom H iIyBCTBOM npeAan- HOCTI1 nmnepaTopy, II. A. Anexceen HMCJ1 1I0B0J1bH0 cepbenwe rymamdTap- noe o6pa3onaime, OH ynduicsi B CJIa1351HO-INKO-JIaTHHCK011 axaitemmd, 14 RO-

7 B4x0BcK01-1 n. B. YmpenteHme AyX0BH011 KOJIJIeF1411 n AyX0BHbIll pernameHT. T.

2. PocroB Ha ,111,oHy 1916, Ciriten 3, c. 14 (PenpHH'r 1972).

8 Uspenskij B.- 2ivoy V. Zur Spezifik des Barock in Russland // Slavische Ba-rockliteratur 11. Gedenkschrift fiir Dmitrij TschfZevskij. Hgg. von Renate Lachman. Forum Slavicum. Bd 54, 1983, S. 25-26.

Cehitiomwteciate ticc.neòoacuntst IlempoecKoù 3YlOXH 33

CTIIF 3Ba111431 ReilcTHHTenbHoro nneHa PoccHficicoil AKaReMH14. 9 ABTOpbI, XOTb

H TpanHu,HoHanHcTbt Ha 110BepXHOCTHIAI B3FJISIJA, B Aei3eTBIITeJ1bHOCT14 HOWIH-

HSHOTC51 HAef4Hbim, TeMaTWIeCKHM, >KaHpoBbim ycTaHomam, 3anaHm.1m B HX

HCTOIIHHKaX — npoH3Benemux XVIII Beica. 1() AJIeKCeeB, XOTb 14 Hp0T0Hepei3

ApXaHFellbCK0F0 co6opa H HpenoilaHaTenb 3axoHa BO3K1451 B MOCKOBCKOM

yHHHepcHTeTe, naze He HpHHHmaeT BO BHI4MaHHe, LITO KOHCTaHTHH 6b1JI CBSI-

TbIM, H CITO npasocnaBHan MORe.11b KOHCTaHTI4HOBOil CBS1TOCTH, HpencTaBneH-Han B )1(14THH, coBepmeHHo OTJ114IIHa OT TOii, xoTopylo OH BOCIIp0H3BOAHT,

nepnan 143 H3BeCTHbIX emy HCTOLIHHKOB — HpeNcne Bcero y EBCeB1451 Keca- pHilcxoro.

FOJIHKOB H Anexcees neAcTsyloT KaK mficpoTHopHbi 14 KaK CeMHOTHKH.

Heo6xonHmocTb pa3BHBaTb Hapannenb HeTp — KOHCTaHTHH ripeo6nanaeT Han BCeMH OCTanbHbIMH 3ananamH. FIpH 3TOM H maTepHan, KacaloigHticn KoHcTaH-THHa, H MaTepHan neTpoBoadi moryT 6bITb HonBeprHyrbi monucificau,HH, ecnl

3T0 HpKHO AJ151 CTpOilHOCTH HapannenH. O KOHCTaHTIllie aBTOpb1 3HalOT

MHOF14M HCTOIIHIIKaM, KaK H3bItIeCKI4M, TaK H XpHCTHaHCKHM, 14 rIHTb1BalOT,

IITO OCHOBHbIe AegH1451 14MilepaTopa 6blJIH npeAcTaBneHbi B HHTep-

npeTauLHH, r AByx HeCB0)(11MbIX Ho3H1 H'B, 011HCaHbI Ha 543bIKaX AByx pa3HbIX xy.nuryp. 011 14CaHHe B nByx Knionax 110CJICROBaTeJ1bH0 Bbinep)KaHo. HO 6onee TOFO, n0 He06XOTAIIMOCTH, aBTOpb1 BbICTpaHBalOT onHcamie IIeTpa To)Ke C nByx fO3HIJHIi , B psyx cHcTemax: Tonica 3pe111151 cTapoo6p1ngeB BbineneHa KaK

HapannenbHan 5,13bItIeCK0A, a B3FJI51)( anonoreToB rIeTpa, naHerHpHcToB, Ta-KHX, KaK caM FOJIHKOB, 14JI H nucaTeneil 3ananHoro Ilpocnememln naH KaK

Hapannenbubig HporpeccHHHomy, xpHcmaHcicomy B3FJISIAy Ha KOHCTaHTHHOBbI

AeHH1451.

IleTp KaK KOHCTaHTHH — HpocBeTHTenb cHoero HapoAa. HOBaSI Bepa

xoTopylo OH Hacaxmaer, 3T0 xpHerHaHcTso, oningeHHoe OT "MpaKa He-Be)KecTBa 14 cyeBepHH", HpHBeneHHoe K "6nar006pa3m0" HocpencTsom Haca>K-neHHH 3ananHmx o6binaeB. OCO6eHHOCTb HOBOI1 Bephi — THHHtIHO HpocHeuieH-necxoe KanecTso 6J1aF006pa3HSI KaK ycTpoeHHocTH, nopniffica.

BCelleHCKIIPI co6op, nepHoe 3ace;_kamle KOTOpOI'O OTKpbITO B HpH-CyTCTHHH KOHCTaHTHHa, HMeeT aHanorom CHHOR: HeTp "ycrraH0BH/1 Co6opHoe

9 CHeReHHH O HeM H nwrepwrypa - B c.noHapHoti cTame: JIHXOTKHH r. A. AneKeeeH

Hen AneKceeHHH. CnoBapb pyCCKIIX micaTeneti XVIII mica. Bun. 1. JIeHHHrpaR 1988,

C. 28. AJ1CKCeCB He II0J1b30BaJICA CJ1aBOr1 B ruirromeTHe, BOCKOJIbKy 11p0BHHHJICA yma-

cTitem B o6.rniHeHHH 14 npec.neikoHaHHH MOCKOBCKHX MaCOHOB, 'I'O ecTb HOBHKOBCK0r0

Kpy)KKa.

1() FlpowmegeHHe FonmoHa H A.neKceesa KOMTIHRSITHB110e. FlpeikuraftrizeTcH 1,1311H-

111HHM yrny6.nwrb mech Honpoc o6 He'rown4Kax, KOTOpb1M11 OHM nolib3oHasmcb.

34 Mapi T7.4wutoeu

ripamerme nepiont POCCHACKOPI, HaHmexoBaB olioe CBSITei111111M IlpaBHTCJIB-

CTBy1011114M CHHOTIOM. IlepBoe aacegalme oxaro OTKpbITO B iippicyTcTsHH ero. ,L(yxoimbig pernameirr rioAo6ex co6opHblM Resmilsim: CHM myilphim pernamex-TOM otimexa gepKosb OT Bxpasunixca B Hee HCKHH cyeBepribix ripe) aimil co6na3HoB" (T. 1, c. 42-43).

Becbma nowiepiolyTmilpeysenimex KOHCIIIKT C IIp0111J1bIM KaK KOHCTaH-

THHa, TaK H HeTpa: KOHCTaHTHH — HapyuniTenb o6bitiaes, Bpar pHMCKOI'O TO eCTb KOHCTaHTHH B o6pa3ax axTvillosegemm, KaK MbI 6b1 cicam.rix

rio-cemnoTllnecKH, ycluillBaeTcx 6naroxiap1 3i-repr11mi-m.1m napa.a.nensim c o6pa-3amll HeTpa-AirrilicpncTa.

O KOHCTaHTHHe:

KOHCTaHTHH j ... I He npmo6111,ancm cKmepribm TatiHam Benepunbtm, Baxycoehim npogibm, a nombrran EgmHaro Bora, XpricTmaHamm HOKAOHACM01.0. 3a cme no-gwranm ero 5131,1q1111K11 3a oTrrynHmKa oT oTegecKmx npenambii, 3a npe3pwl'enl 6oroH, xpawreneit IlmnepHm m 3a Hegecumna, Heonsugero EmbHaro Bora, He-

CHJIbH0r0, FIO HX Mfle111410, SIKO oRHoro, 3aIgHTHTb 11 coxpaHmTb T011bK0 o6- wmpHyro 14mneppno; mHorme *e Happmanll ero H 6e360*EIHKOM (C. 24-25).

O HeTpe:

TleTp 3a oTmeHy HeKHHX CO6J1a3H11TellbHbIX o6pmnom HepKOBHIAX, a nave Fla-Tpmapxa, 3a HenogwraHme Mouwti, HeCB1411eTeJlbCTBOBaHliblX IlepKombro, 3a He-nonyineHme gynec 110)KHb1X, 3a cramy pe3HbIX TLAMH/I« c KymawHbimm Temo-rpemmH, 3a 6pmTme 6opojk, 3a nepemeHy noKpolo B nnaTbe, 3a BB0)114Mble pa3Hble B o61Ike*HTHH HOBOCTH, 3a npy*ecTmeHHble 06x0*neHmm C 11HOCTpaHHbIMH

npyraro XpmcmaHcKaro mcnomenaHmm, H npog. nomrraem 6b1n oT m3ymepom paCK0116HHKOB 3a epermKa, 3a oTurynHma, 3a mcne6wren5 Bepbl, a oT mHormx H 3a Aumitxptierna (c. 25).

1 51aBHOe B "CpaBHeHHH" — nosioAcerine O CO3/AaHHH HOBbIM moHapxom npocseniermoil punirmi, npoTimocTosaneti npeiipaccymeam H mpaKo6ecino ripoullioro. HOHHTHe pe111111111 MeCb noKpbmaeT eRBa 5114 He Bce ccpepbi o614ie- CTBeHHOil H rocyTiapcTsexxoil >K143H14 II HO cyaiecTBy noilmexexo 110115ITHCM

iirro6b1 )1aTb IIJIOTb 3TOil mee, Heo6xommo HeKOe sormonielffle upoilinoro, HORX0A51111HMH HOCIITCJIHMH KOTOpOI'O OKa3b1Ba1OTCSI cTapo06p1yitibi, Ansi KOTOpbIX penarlim Taxwe Hceo6iemmoma, HO C 11pOTHB0110110)KHbIM CO-

) epwaHmem HO scem riyrcTam. HososseRelinsi HeTpa — B clliffeae — HOBaa

ripocseigexHaz IIIIBH11H30BaHHaH sepa, npoTvisocTosalian cTapo11 HenpocBe-IlleHHOil He1414B11J1H30BaHHOPT nepe cTapoo6p1gnecTBa. Taxxm o6pa3om, cTapo-o6psimb1 OKa3b1Ba1OTCH nomemexbi B tipeaBbinailivio sawxylo KOTOpOil 01111 He aamma.rill B TosiepaliTHoe K HHM neTposcime ripasilexlle. Be3

paCK011bHIIKOB, KOJIMMOB H HeCKOJ1bKHX AIICCIHIeHTOB He C.110)10411051 6bI KJIaCCII-

CemuomuuecKue ucc ✓teòowniun HempoecKoù anoxu 35

necKmi gasi Hac o6pa3 HeTpa npocBelneHHoro moHapxa, KaK He 6bI TaKOH }Ke, HO C O6paTHbIM 3HaKOM CeMHOTHHeCKHil o6pa3 neTpoucKoro aliTH- 110BegeHMT. Bce cTepeoTHHHbie JEInM Hac clmrypm 14 cpopmysibi y>Ke npHeyT- CTByIOT B TpyRe FOJIHKOBa — ATICKCeeBa: 14 CHHCOK HpHium, HO KOTOpIAM cTa-poBepbi CHITTaJIH HeTpa AHTHXpHCTOM, H HCTOplISI O TOM, KaK npoponecTBo-BanH, t!TO He'rep6ypry 6bITb nycTy. Tp591( I'OJIHKOBa 14 AnexceeBa, OTKpO-

BeHHIA HO npmemam nocTpoemu, H 6J1H3KH11 HaM HO pe3ynbTaTam, o6HawaeT Ga3oBbie cxembi HHTepripeTanuti neTpoBcKoti 3HOXH, egHHble H RASI XVIII BeKa, H MA KOHLW XX.

HaH6onee peunrrenbHaa amulm comaTenell "CpaBHeHHH" — BBegeHme B

HCT0p1110 HeTpa nempanbHoro CHMBOJIa KOCTaHTHHOBOti napagurmbi — Kpe-eTa KOHCTaHTHHOBa. YCBOHB 3TOT 3HaK HeTpy — aBTOpb1 nepeceKmoT Ha-pannenH. KpecT KOHCTaHTHHOB 11031BlI2eTCSI pAgOM C CHMBOJIOM HeTpoBeKoil napagHrmbi — co mnsmoti, npocTpeneHHoil BO Bpemn HonTaBcKoil 6aTanHH. 3Hamem4Ta1 npocTpeneHHag numna HeTpa i -margina CBOIO pOnb 6narogap1 (1>eochaHy IlpoKonoBllny. (1)eochaH BbICTaBHJI ee KaK CHMBOJI 60r03a1IFH-

11FeHHOCTI4 HeTpa H POCCHH H wepTBeHHoro eny>KeHHA POCCHH B "CnoBe Ha nonTaBcKylo no6egy", OH >Ke CBe.T1 K 3TOMy cHmBony BCIO HCTOpHIO HeTpa: "HcTopHn HmnepaTopa HeTpa BenHKoro o po>KgeHHB ero go HonTaBcKoll 6aTanHH" 1713 roga KoHnaeTcH o6pa3oM repoHnecKofzi npocTpeneHHoti 11111S1Hb1.

FOJIHKOB H AJ1eKCeeB BBOASIT BTopyro nymo: 110KpOBHTeJ1bCTBO Bowie npo- THB BparoB oica3bisaeT "HonTaBcKoe cpa>KeHHe, B KOTOpOM ogHa ny.mi npocTpenHna ullismy ero, gpyrasi ygapHna B camyto rpygb ero, Ho ygep>KaHa KHOTOM KpecTa, Ha BbIH ero BHceBniaro. KoBtler Ceil co KpecTom, nanyneH-HblA OT rpenecKvix HmnepaTopos, KOTOpb41. HpHHagnewan KoncmaHmuity >Ke BenHKomy 14 noTomy KOHCTaHTHHOBCKHM HmeHyemblil, xpaHHTcB HblHe B MOC-

KOBCKOM B0JmW0M YCHeHCKOM co6ope, 14 ygap nynH, nonammeil B B14-

AFIm Ha OHOM" (T. 1, C. 58).

KpecT KOHCTaHTHHOB Rei1CTBHTelIbH0 3HaiIHJICM B OHHCHX KpeMJIeBCKHX

COKpOBI4LIF 3a XVIII-XIX BB., OH nponan nepe3 gBa roga nocne Bbixoga "CpaB- HeHHB", B nepHog npe6bmaHlin B MocKBe HanoneoHa. Ho pa3mepam, yKa- 3aHMAM B 011HCSIX, OH XOTb 14 ROBOJILHO 60.11b1110H, HO B rippiHnHne mmero 6bi He Menano HeTpy B3HTb ero e co6o1i." KpecT B Kowiere BocripHHHmanesi KaK

TOT cambiti, tifo 6b1n CACJIaH KOHCTaHTHHOM noene BIlFteHHYI nygeeHoro KpecTa Ha He6e nepeg 6.14TBOil C MaKceHnHem. 3aTeM, KaK paCCKa3b1Ban EriceBmi KecapH'BeKHA, KOHCTaHTHHy BO CHe SIBHJICSI XpHCTOC H senen BOCHp0H3BeCTH

3TOT 3HaK. 3HaK BOCI1p0H3BOAHJICSI pa3Humvi CHOCO6aM14, B TOM imcne — KaK

11 3a a'ra caegeamg 6narojkapro ampeicropa my3em "YeFICHCKM1i co6op" TaTbaay

BnaRHMHpoBHy ToncTylo.

36 Mapun Illuexarwea

HarpynHmil 11mnepaTopcxHil. 12 PeJIHKBP151, oripeHensimasicsi KaK xpecT KOH-

CTaHTHHOB, 6bina rionytieHa pyCCKHM Hapem 113 BaT011eACKOTO monacTLipsi c AchoHa B riepHoil 110.TIOBIIHe XVII Hexa H ciana Bamaianueil peammief1 K

Hexa, 14 onHoHpemeHHo Ha*Heiinieg TeMOIk CJI0BeCHIAX ripoH3HeReHHr3. KpecT KOHCTaHTHHOB — CHMBOJI o6H3aTenbithiú Ansi Xpl4CTHaHCKOil

xyaLTyphi H ripHcyTcTsyloniml B xy.iihType npesHepycciwil. OT(HaK0 OT npeH-HOCTil K HOBOMy HpemeHH OH cyu.iecutelmo MellfleTCSI B 3Hatiemix 14 BO

imyTpeHHeil cTpyxType. 13 B ApesHepyccxxx TexcTax xpecT KOHCTaHTHHa

SIBJIReTCH KaK CHMBOJI xpacTilaHcxoti rio6eHhi 11.11H Ho6enEd xplicTilaHcTsa 14

xpHernaHcicoro mHpoycTpoeHHH, nxTyprwiecxHil, cimpHTyanbHmil, C 110).(1311)K-

Hb1MH, CKJIOHHb1M11 K pacumpemuo rpaHiniamll 3Hage111411. OH cnimaeTcsi c O6pa3OM KpecTHoro Hpesa, HmecTe C Hlim HocxHansieTcsi B nHTyprHnecxxx TeKCTaX. Ha npoTspKeHini XVII Hexa B POCCHH OH nocTeneHHo oHeu(ecT-BnfleTCH H xomcpeTH3HpyeTcsi, cy)xaeT CBOH 3Hat1emin JE(0 peJIHKBHH, Tenepb

OH mo)KeT 6bITb rieperte3eH H 011.11ageH. C KOHLIa BeKa 3TOT CHMBOJI HO-

meakaeTcm Ha pyccimx 3HameHax Ho3Hpaniasich HO 41))/HK111451M 14 conep*amno KO HpemeHH camoro KOHCTaHTHHa H EBCCB11H KeCapHikKOTO, 'coup B HCM si3Lineciairi consipHbià CMIACJI COBMeCTIIRCSI C XplICTHaHCKHM 11 Tlan emy Ty Heo6xowimpo aM6HBaJIeHTHOCTb, xoTopan 1103B0J151J1a B BbICHIerI cTerieHH ycrieumo CI4MBOR11311p0BaTb BJIaCTb B yCnOBIASIX ABOIICTBeHHOCTI4 11 nepexon-HOCTH TOTO HpemeHH. Teriepi, 3TOT CHMBOJI BHOBb nemoHcTpHpyeT CB010

am6HHaneHTHocTb, Heo6xogliMylo Ansi CHMBOJIH3a1IHH BflaCT14, KOTOpag OT pe-.111411103HLIX o6ocHoHaradi riepexoAHT K CBeTCKHM. RASI FoninwHa H AnexceeHa xpecT KOHCTaHTHHOB, 3HaK Ha rpyHH HmriepaTopa, paBHbIrI ripocTpeneHHoti nume H, HmecTe c TeM, Hecyuinil 11aMHTb O ripenbwrigHx CBOHX KOHTeKCTaX,

HeyCTOXBILIHACSI, 3Homo1(How1ppouwil CHHTe3 penHrHo3Horo H cHeTcxoro Ha-

nan B o6pa3e anacm. KpoMe TaKOTO poHa 3B0J11011,1d1 B cTopoHy CBeTCKIIX 3Hanemiti, ripeTep-

neHaembix o6pa3amH, HaxoHniu,Hmlica HHyTpH npaHocnaHHok KOHCTaHTI1HOBOA

TpaHHHHH, B pa6OTy ronincoHa H Anexceesa npoinixaeT 6Horpa4lumecicHti ma-TepHan, pa3pa6aTbiBaHumilcsi B OCHOBHOM 513bIneCKIIM14 FicTopifizamil KOH-

cTaimma, Esceimem He BKJI1OgeHHbIft, H B BOCTWIHOil TpaAHHHH notitfraHHH CBSITOTO HmriepaTopa He riTemibirt, XOTH coxpaiumunHica B 3anaHHE,ix cpenHe-

12 K 31'011 *e ricTopum BocxoRmT npoucxo*aeuue 3anaRrioro labarum'a, TaK Ha-abmanu umnepaTopcKme wTaruiapTbl C H3o6pa*eimem motiorpammht XpncTa.

13 HeKoTophie ua6ntojieimst 31-1aMeHHAMI4 H cm6o11 aToro cumuona B neaue- pyccKoil Kysuraype COCTaBliBli r.naBy III (Kpec'r KOHMHTHHOB) modi Kuunt: Clo)KeTbi

CHMBOJI61 MOCKOBCKOrO naperua. cns. 1995.

Cemuomugecicue uccneòoeauun llempoeckoti snoxu 37

BeKOBbIX JIeremax O KOHCTaHTHIle. 1 4 OCTaH01314MCSI Ha Hem rionpo6Hee, HO-

Tomy TITO OH npnmo OTHOCHTCA K npenmeTy Hameti xompepernum — K OCHO-

BaH1410 HOBOft CTOJIHL1b1.

KOpeHb HCTOpHH B O6OHX cnynagx — B anoxe cmyineHHH, CTOJIKHOBeIlHil

KOHCTaHTHHa co cTaphimil HmnepaTopamn H HeTpa c Cockbefi, cTpenbnamH 14

pacxonuacamH. HMeHHO B anoxy CMy111CHHA coneTanHcb 6paKOM KOHCTaHTHH

H HeTp H Torna npoH3BenH CBOHX cTapnaix CbIH0Bei3. KOHCTaHTHH Ka3HHT

JIHHHHHH, mywa csoeil cecTphi, HeTp TepiTHT Her1pHSITHOCTH OT COCilbH,

Bonnomaroweil KaK cecTpy KOHCTaHTI4Ha KOHCTaHIL1410, TaK 14 .11HILHHH51. KOH-

CTaHTHH Ka3HHJ1 cmepTEdo weHy H Cb1Ha, oxneBeTaHHoro *eHolo (C. 32). HeTp *e Hapeuma Anexcen icaumn no cyny, a *eiry oTnytarn OT noxca 14

3aKJ110tIIIJI B MOHaCTLIpb. MHOFIle 3HaTHb1e OCO6b1 "cHeprHymi B Hecnacme" B

CB 513H C Ka3HAMH B cembnx KOHCTaHTHHa H HeTpa. K., "CKyiIHB MOJIBaMH,

BO3CTaBILIHMH Ha Hero B PHMC, OCO6JIHBO A(e 110 npwn4He nomxHymix xa3Heil, pe IHHJI OCTaBHTb OHb114> HaBcerna" (c. 33), OH ompaHnneTcH Ha BOCTOK, cHa-nana xotieT OCHOBaTb CTOJIHILy Ha mecTe npemeti Tpoll, H60 Tam — KOpHI4 )L11151

pHMJISIH, HO noTom n0 npalermiecialm yno6cTBam Bm6HpaeT MCCTO no npyryio cTopoHy mopa Ha Bootope, B mecTe, rne HaceneHHe 6Bino emy Bpawne6Ho, "OT xoToparo OH nByxpaTHo no Toro no6e*neH 6blJI, HO oHoe mecTo onHaxo *e emy 110.1110614.110Cb, axo cnoco6Heihuee Ansi npHcTaHmna xopa6enmaro 14

ToproanH, 14 CHIO CTOJI1111y 3a1103K11.11 CBOHMH pyxamll 14 HapeK no HmeHH CB0-

emy KOHCTaHTHHOL1011eM" (C. 33).

B nacTH, nocBsuneimort ocHoBaHmo HeTep6ypra, napannenb He nonHo-CTb10 pa3BepHyTa, He nexnapHpyeTca, TITO HeTp nco4naeT MOCKBy, "CKyIII4B

Bpa*ne6HbimH MOJ1BaMH", HO 3TO nonpa3ymeBaeTca, LIOCKOJIbKy 11011HOTa

CX0ACTB no BCeM napameTpam y*e noxa3aHa 14 cHTyanHn MOCKBIA onHcaHa Buane KaK cosepuleHHo napannenman pHmcxoti. B R pyrom mecTe BO BTOpOM

Tome aBTOp Bo3BpanweTcH K 31.01:1 Teme, L10110.11HHB napannenb, HO 14 OTHOCH-

TeMbH0 II. H OTHOCHTCJIMIO K. nontiepimBan, tuo petib HneT O JIO)KHBIX mHe-miro( BparoB. O npummax co3namin HeTep6ypra:

Or lieKkINX npHruichntaer oHoe HeHautcril ero K MOCKBe, HKO mecry, B KOCM

'MANICO BO3H11KaR0 aaroHopoH N 6yHTOB Ha Oco6y ero (r. 2, c. 94).

TyT napannenBHBffi "BblMbICell BparoB" OTHOCHTel1bH0 KOHCTaHTHHa

KaK ripHHHBLHero XpHCTIlaHCTBO, IITO6b1 CHATb C ce6H rpex yHWITO)KeH1451 pon- CTBeHHHKOB, cemBH. To eCTb cmeHa CTOJI14111,1 14 Beim:A npHBH3aHa K oTBep- *emno nepBoHananhHoll cemBH. Ho o6pa3oBaBnieftcH Hepcim, HeTp H KOH-

1 4 Jleretutbi HccsiegottanHcb 13 pa6oTe A. H. BecenoHckoro: A. N. Weselofskiy.

Constantinische Sagen. "Russische Pevue", Bd. VI (1875).

38 17.alexartow

CTaHT1111 yX0ASIT eTaBIlTb ropog BO Bpagme6Hro MeCTHOCTb cpegH BparOB, OT

KOHX 01114 gBa)Kgm Tepnenri nopa)Kemie, H60 mmero gpyroro HM H He ocTaeTcg nocne COAeSIHHOr0 HMH B HCX0III1bIX CTOJI1411aX.

TaKoe migeime HCTOpHH, He pauvinaiomee HI4 caxpaninaHHH moHapxa, HH

ero KOIL1yHCTBeHHOr0 110BeIleHIISI, a ocTaHarinimaiouieecg Ha cTpacTgx H cmep-TH, yxanniaeT Ha cani:divo p0J11., gpamaTrinecxoro anemeHTa B KOHCTaH-

THHOB011 napagrirme. 3JIeMeHT 3TOT B csoe Bpemg 6bIJI BbI5113.11eH H OCO3HaH, 14

HOCJIpKVIJI T1.1151 pa3BHT1454 6aponHoro TeaTpa. B 1597 rogy B PHme B He3yHTcgoti uncone Collegio Romano 6Lina nocTa-

BneHa Tparegrig "KpHcri", conmieHHag o. BepHapAHHo Greclxilmo. 15 3To 6b1J1

peB0J11014410HHHil CIIeKTaKJIb 13 HCTOpHH IIIKOJIbH0r0 TeaTpa: rymamicTrinecxHil yne6Hbffl TeaTp 110J1b30BaJICH aHTHII11131M Hacnegmem, 1e3yHTCKH11 IIIKOnbHbiii

TeaTp 3a npegniecTsylomme Tpygam BepHapgimo 30 JieT cBoero cyniecTisoBamm CTaBHJ1 crierragnil Ha =amo penVIPHO3Hbie TeMbI, 6.11H3KHe K

mHerepHam, Terieph xce 6Lin ocymecTiineH CHHTe3 xpricTHaHcxoro H aHTHn-H0r0 Hanan. ABTOp He cnynaiMo BbI6paJI HCTOpHIO KOHCTaHTHHa, >Kern:A ero tayCTb1 H CbIHa KpFICHa, OH JI14111b gan pa3BHTHe BO3M0X<HOCTSIM TaKoro CHH-

Te3a, y>Ke 3an0g<eHm.gm B KOHCTaHTHHOBOIk HCTOpHH. BepHapgHHo Haxna-gblBaeT KOHCTaHTHHOBy HCTOpHIO Ha "(13egpy" EBp1111H11a H CeHeKH 14 BB01114T B

cnegTaxim TeHb (19e)jpb1. 16 RO6JleCTIILIII H 6J1arOneCTHBb1il CbIH KOHCTaHTHHa

KpHCII FOTOBHTC31 K Tpxymcky nocne no6egoHocHoro repmaHcgoro noxoga. Manexa ero 0:13aycTa, gonb HmnepaTopa MaKCeHUHH, cTpagaimnag OT He-pa3geneHHoil cTpacTH K Kpucriy, KJ1eBeIlIeT Ha Hero cBoemy cynpyry KOH-

CTaHTHHy. KOIICTaHT1111 Beim Ka3HHTb CbIHa H 011J1a104BaeT ero. AHTHnHag pare polca H cTpacTri npeo6pa3yeTcH B 6onee xpricTHaH-

cxym 6aponHylo Tparem410 B1111131, pamengemoil BCCMH. BpeM1 RetiCTBHR — TH-

11 wiHoe gng TeaTpa Bceil nocnegymnefi 6aponHoil 3110X14 — rpaHmia mex<gy 543bIlIeCTBOM H XpHCTI4aHCTBOM. B "KpHcne" Tema ripecnegoBaHml, npeTep-neBaembix nepBoxpHcTriaHommvi mytiemigamx, oftiimag TparegHPI IIIKOJIb-

Horo TeaTpa, ocnogmeHa Temoh sno6oBHoro npecnegoBaHHg. (I)Hrypa Kpricna BcTpoeHa B png 1411110.71HT — 140CHCI) — XpHcToc. Tparegrig Hmena umponaiimee pacnpocTpalleHne H cHeminecKoe, H B nenaTH, H Ha JIaTbIHH H B nepeBogax. Ho xpome HenocpegcTBeHHoro B1114 3111H51, oHa 110BIIHSIJIa Ha cambiti gyx IIIKOJIbH0r0 TeaTpa 6apoxxo, BepHee, BbISIBHI1a 3T0r0 TeaTpa, KaK

cHHTe3Hpyrouiero aHTYPIHOe H xpHcTuaHcxcie pen141403H0e Hanano. BbIJ413J1e11-

15 L. Strappini (a cura di), Crispus: tragoedia Bemardini Stephonii. Roma 1998. 16 a Ii3bmecKuil merropm 3octima, COBIDeMeHHI4K KoucTauTima, rte.ri B cuoem Tpyite

cxoitc .ruo cemertuoil Tparejum KOHCTaFIT14Ha C ucToptiell cl3ej1pt,1 (A. Piganiol. L'émpe-

reur Constantin. Paris 1932, p. 297).

CeitutomwiecKue itccvieòowitum TlempoEteicoli anoxit 39

HbI11 HM CK)>KeT, KaK BHJEIHM, HMCJI apxeTHIIHnecKoe 3HatICHHe gnsi 3110XH 6a-pOKKO.

Ha py6e)Ke XVIII-XIX BB. cpopmHpyeTcsi (BepOSITHO, Ha OCHOBe IIIK011b-

Horo) pyccioni COJIAaTCKHil TeaTp, OCHOBHaYI H nacTo eAHHCTBCHHa51 Hbeca- arpa KoToporo — MaKcHmunHaH". Hbeca coxpalmnacb go XX seKa KaK HapogHasi, cponbKnopHasi. Heifrpanbllag HHTpHra HbeCbI — gap, MaKCHMHJII4aH

rHenaeTcsr Ha cnoero HenoKopHoro CblHa A110,1Ibta 14 BeJIHT Ka3H14Tb ero. B pa3HbIX 3aHHCSIX 11beCbl pa3IIIInalOTC5I MOTHBbI npoTecTors CblHa H npinam ero Ka3HH: TO HapeBHtl OTKa3bIBaeTC51 )1<e111TbC51 Ha Bb16paHHOtt emy napem HeHecTe, TO OH OTKa3b1BaCTCH 110KJIOHHTbC51 KymHpcialm 6oram, TO OH HaKa-3bIBaeTCSI 3a pa36OH, Ho n03gHeti HepcHH, OH cam B11 1061154CTCYI B HapHI1y. 1 7 FIO

OCHOBHA nepcHH, Hapb Ka3HHT CbIHa, He >Kenaroinero HOKJIOHSITCSI KymHp- necKHm 6oram, a 3TM caM ›KeHHTcH Ha KymHpnecKon 6orHHe. HapogHaR gpama oTnvinaeTcsi 6011bIIIHM o6lemom TeKcTa, npoTHHopennsocTbio npeg-cTannsiembix xapaKTepoH, KOHTpaCTHbIMH nepexogamm OT TparlitiecKoro K

KommiecKomy. L1apb — gO6neCTHblh BOHH H ycneumo cpa)KaeTcsa C para

esodi' CTpaHbI, go6necTbio B cpa>KeHHsix 14 HoegHHKax oTnllnaeTcn H ero CbIH.

Hapb, Ka3HFIB cbIHa , nbiTaeTcsi BOCKpeCHTb ero, H TparvinecKHe 110IMITKFI

nocKpeceHbm BbIlI 11BalOTC51 B KomHnecKHe MOHRTIOPH rnynoro goKTopa 1411 H

M01411b11114Ka. KyMIIIIMeCKHe 601'11 5113115110TCSI Ha cgeHe B CPpHBOJIblial

KymmpnecKon 6014HH (Hnor)(a ee npsimo 30ByT BeHepon) 14 CC 110KJI0IIHHKa

repoHnecKoro pbwapn Mappa.

MI-10f0IIHCJICHHbIe HccnegoBaHnsi HCTO'IIIHKOB nbecbi BO3BOJEIHJIH ee TO npstmo K HCTOpHTICCKHM 06CTOSITenbCTBaM KOHCPJIHKTa HeTpa H Hapenynia AlIeKCC51, TO K myneHHnecKfim >KI4THSIM 1451 14 nbecam O MytIeHHKaX. TaK

H. BepKon npegnonaraeT HCTOLIHHK "nal»! MaKCHMHJIHaHa " B 111K011bI1011

gpame AHMHTpHSI PocToncKoro "BeHeg RIIMI4Tp1151"." 3Ta gpama nocnpoH3- BOAHT HcTopmo CB. RIIMI4TpHSI, KOTOpbIi OTKa3b1BaeTCH cnegoHaTb BOJIC napm MaKcHmHnHaHa — HOKJIOHHTbCSI Hgonam 14 npHHHmaeT mynemniecKylo cmepTb. ConocTaHnemle c "BeHHom ,L1HMHTp1451" KaK pa3 OtIeHb yg06Ho, tITO6bI yHH-

geTb, HaCKOJIbK0 "Ilapb MaKCHMH1111aH" yganzeTcsi OT 06M-111011 mynemniecKon

gpambi. ECJIH "BeHeu JHMHTp1s1" — penvirH03Hbin CIICKTaKJIb mia mmTepHH,

TO "I]apb MaKclimpumaH" 5111110 M-114TM 011bITbI 6apOr1H0F0 TeaTpa C alITHTIIIMM

17 TpB napnafrra nbecbi npeAcTannenbt B c6opnriKe: HapoRnbni Tewrp. How . .

A. 4). HeKpbbnona, H. H. CanyruKuna. MOCKBa 1991. MeCTO B pyccKon MIACI:10-

.110FHH nnacTn pacemaTponanocb MHON B pa6oTe: lierep6yprcKu1 'mon B cponbKnope //

Tpynbi no 3HaKOBbIM encTemam. XVIII. Cembsonna ropoRa H ropoRcKoil KynbTypbn

FIeTep6ypr. TapTy 1984.

BepKon n. H. Bel3051THbIti HCTO ,IFINK napojknoil nbecbi "O uape MaKCHMHaHaHe

H ero nenoKopnom cbme Agonbcpe". TO,[1,131I XIII (1957), c. .298-312.

40 Mapust Ilatazatwea

anemeirrom. OH ripeAcTaHnen He TOJILKO O6pa3OM xymilptiecKoil 6orimx Be-Hepm, HO H aM6HBaReHTHOCTE,10 riepcoHa)xeil, H KOHCIHOil 061.14Cil nowilixex-HOCTI.10 HX cmepTH KaK POKy. CHeKTaKJIb 06b1 11H0 COCTaBIICH KaK

pbniapcxllx 110eTIIIHKOB, HOCJICJIHHM MO)KeT 6bITb — 6a1 camoro MaxcamiumaHa HJIH AHHKH-BOHHa CO CMepTMO. HapoRHaa Apama "Hapb MaxcHmHnHaH" He BOCI1p0113BOAHT, pa3yMeeTCM, 11111 Tparemeno "KpHCH", HH HcToppmecxxe CO6bITI451 Ka3HII HeTpOM CBoero CbIHa, mia TO.11bK0 IIHTUTCSI oribiTamn IIIKOJIbHOTO TeaTpa, H 3TOTO AOCTaTOIIHO ARSI 11ORBJ1ellY151 60JIBUIOTO CX0ACTBa.

CBeTCKHe 060CH0BaHH51, H Boo6aie o6pa3oHaHHe H pacumpexlle CBeTCKOPI

xyribTypHoú cckep1.1 ARSI POCCHH 3110X14 neTpoBcxmx pe4lopM, KaK H RJ151 nceik Esporibi Hp! riepexone K HOBOMy Hpememl, B 3HatifiTenbHoil cTeneHn OCHOBbl-

BaloTcsi Ha 14C110111330BaHI411 aHTIPIHOTO HacneTiug. 01IbITb1 HCII0J1b30BaHliff

aHTH1IHOCTH nJ151 CO3AaH1451 HeHarpyxcemmx B penHr1403HOM OTH0111e11H14

o6pa3oB H 'vieti', nJ151 pa31314THYI crieTcxoil cchepm, Haripaanembie, cpemi npo-nero, Ha cmsirtieHHe H perynapoBaHlie KOHCPJIHKTOB, xoTophie B xanecTHe penxrHo3Hbix mornH oxa3aTboi 6e3BbIXOAHMMI4 H pa3pyumenE.Hmmx, 3T11

OHbITbI CB513bIBaJIFI 3noxy 6apoKKo C peHeCCaHCHb1M rymaHH3mom. PesiHrHo3- HbIg 6ap011HbIfI TeaTp co3AaHancsi KaK xynbTypHbifi Komnpommcc, 'coup Hocsie TpH):(exTcxoro co6opa oxa3anHcb CJIHIIIKOM *eCTKHMII 14 KOHC4JII4KTHbIMH H

ripeRycmoTpeHHme HM HpHembi 6opb6b1 C Pe4 opMa1 ueii, H meTmibi oxmuieuxsi Hapommix 'q/11.Typ OT H3bixiecicoro TeaTpanbHo-ripauxwmoro Hallana." He0rymaxx3m HoHoro TeaTpa 6bIJI Aemoxpanumee peHeccaHcHoro rymata3ma, 11OCKOJILKy OH anesumposan K aHTHIIHOMy TeaTpy, BocKpemast ero HapoAHbiti xapaxTep, cxxmast chopmanbHme ripanipia, pa3pywag 3anpeThi, Hanowemible II03T14KaMH. fKOJIbHbiii TeaTp KoHTppechopmaiym cmeman B IIJIOTIOTB0pHOM

6eCHOpSIAKe aHTI4 11HOCTb, cpenHeHexoHro milcTepino, HaponHme o6panobo-TeaTpanbHme chopmm, H TeM penali H CBOH 3aTiatix IIIKOJILHOF0 o6pa3oHainlyi TiyxoseHcTsa H 110CII0C06CTBOBaJI BbIJIBIDICCH1110 TeaTpa Hoo6uie Ha rnaBxylo 110311II1110 B esponeilcxoti xynbType XVII-XVIII BeK0B. B pyccxoil npamaTyp-111H HeT nbecm 6onee 6apotiHogi, tiem "Uaph MaxcHminHaH".

B. M. X14BOB, 110A130):(51 HT0F14 cHoemy HoHomy cemmoTHT-iecKomy Hccne-A0BaHHIO rieTpoHcickix peckopm, ripinbinaeT rny6we H3rIHTE. HaHHoHanbnylo, HapoAHro peaxlimo Ha rieTposcxylo 3floxy 14 HeTporicxylo BRaCTE, ARSI Toro,

19 06 3Ttix o6cTosiTenbcTuax B031-114KHOBeHIN N pa3BHT1451 14e3yHTCK000 WKOBb-

Horo TeaTpa B c6.: I Gesuiti e i primordi del Teatro Barocco in Europa, a cura di M. Chiabò e F. Doglio. Convegno di studi, Anagni 1994 - Roma 1995. Oco6eHHo — crampi Adriani Prosperi: La Chiesa tridentina e il teatro: strategie di controllo del se-condo '500; Mario Fois: La retorica nella pedagogia ignaziana, prime attuazioni tea-trali e possibili modelli.

CemuomiNeciate UCCAMO6C1HUR Ilempoecicofi anazu 41

nTo6bi y6enHTbcH B npaBoTe ero, B. M., cpmeHm1. 2° ORHaKO, yrny6HBunicb B yKa3aHHOM HanpaaneHHH, MbI HaxonHm coBcem npyroe. Ra>He npoTecT npo-THB aHTWIHOr0 H3binecTsa KaK cp:»HeT npoH3BeneHHA H acTopHnecimx COGLI-

TI411 AOJI)KeH RJ1H TOTO BpemeHu paccmaTpHBaTbcH B cBeTe ycTpemneHHil 14

11p11HIIIIII0B 6apOIIHOR HynbTyphi, a He KaK anennausH K gpeBHepyccHoil Tpa-P~.

B Hainem cnynae HmeeT CMIACH ocnapHBaTb He TO, 11TO Hparx IIeTpa BocripHimmann ero noBeneHHe KaK KOLIVHCTBeHH0e, a TO, 'ITO 3a Bparamm ero CTOSIJIa TpanHHHH, yxonsunaa KOpHAMII B HeKoe ecTecTBeHHoe 14 HeinmeHHoe pyccHoe npolunoe. BCHOMIIHM, HanpHmep, nTo Tema pHMCKHX HymHpcHmx 6oroB, K 1IOKJIOHeHHIO KOTOpb1M ripHnpKnaloTcH myneHHHH — 6buia onHoil 143

OCHOBHbIX B nonbcHo-yHpaHHcxom 6aponHom TeaTpe, nonyttmilnem pacripo-cTpaHeHHe B BenHHopoccHH Ha py6ewe XVII-XVIII BB. A HOCKOJIbKy TeaTp

6bin Ansi XVII-XVIII BeKOB Boo61Ine HenTpanbHok o6nacTbro TBopnecTBa, TO y Hac eCTb ocHoBaHHe nanaraTb, 11TO 3T0 6bum Temi:A H MOTIIBbI BaHeible Tula 3HOXH B nenom.

HpHMep B. A. Ycnencicoro H B. M. ACHBOBa — HoccTaHHe acTpaxaHcxxx cTpenbnos 14 COJIAaT, xoTophie 6yHToBanH 143-3a BCSIKIIX HoBoBBenemdr, B arH-

TaIJHOHHOM nHcbme, HoTopoe npenHa3Hananocb ARSI pacnpocTpaHeHHH BOCCTa-

H1131 Ha o6nacTb RoHa, 6bino CKa3aHO, TITO HanamAnnul campi KnaHRIOTCSI 14 HX

3aCTaBlI1IOT: "60JIBaHaM HymHpcimm Henesni HOKJIBIISITI,CSI". 2 AMI B036y3K-

Aerma HeronoBaHHH arytTaTopm B0314.1114 C co6oft nepemumbai maneHeH, Ha KO-

Topmfi HananbHme monx B ACTpaXaHI4 oneBanH CBOH napic4.22 R.TIH Haumx aBTOpOB 3TOT HpHmep — OCHOBHOPI AMA nemoHcTpani4 Toro, KaK B TpanHnHoH-HOM CO3HaH1414 B OTBCT Ha HoBosseneHHH IIeTpa npo6pHnaeTcH HCKOHHOe

npeBHepyccHoe oTTanHHBaHne OT aHTIIIIHOr0 n3b1necTna. OnHaHo cioHceT CO-

6bITHSI, KaKHM OHO npencTano B arHTall,HOHHLIX nHcbmax 14 paccnpocax cTpenb-noB, CHJIbH0 HanommaeT 6apotmati, TeaTpanbHmil. Cablo cnoBoconeTaHHe —

HOKROHRTbC31 KyMHp'IeCKHM 6oraM — 3HaKOMO HaM n0 TeaTpy. B IICT0p1414

acTpaxaHcHoro 6yHTa oTpa*eH ywe CJI0)KHBLIII4ÚCSI CIO)KeT BJIaCTII-

Tenb ripmiy*naeT K cnymzenmo HeIICTHHH011 Bepe, repoti, 14.1114 Hapon — conpo-TIOnHeTCSI 14 Hp.23

20 *14BOB B. M. KynbTypHme pe4lopMbl B cHrreme npeo6pa3oBaHmii IleTpa I,

c. 426.

21 roBIIKOBa H. B. TIonwrunecicHe nponeccbt npH Ilerpe I. MocKaa. 1/13R. MI'Y.

1957, c.. 226.

22 Tam ACe, c. 229, 233.

23 0 3Ha4irrenbHom npmcyrcTin4 mapTHpanorw-leciatx cH:»Heron B CJ1aBAHCKOM

nonbcHo-yKpaHHcKom pyCCKOM TeaTpe KoHna XVII-Hanana XVIII BB. CM. CCX:hp0HOBa

42 MapuR 17.4Kaanosa

ABTOpbI CTaTbH conimapH3HpyloTcH C 6yHTrouwm Hapoaom, nTo6ai noo6nvinaTb HeHCTIIIIHy10 13.11aCTb. ACTpaXaHCKHe CTpe.T11.1.1bI nyinue coenH-11511-0TCSI B Rene 1106HBaH1451 60.11BaHOB He C KaKHMH-JIH60 gpeaHepyccimmH 0611141IHTeJ151MH aHTH'IHOrO aninecTaa, a nepe3 BeK flpocaemeHHH, c cppaH-ljy3CKHMH peaonionHoHepamH. B 1793 rojy peawnonHoHepai BbITaIIIHJIH 143

co6opa IlapH>KcKon BoromaTepH, 143 ranepeH LIapeti, aaa aecsima 6onaunix cTaTyn H OT6H.T1H HM ronosal. 3T0 6bIJIH cTaTyll BeTX03aBeTHbIX gapen, KOTOpbIe, KaK yraepAcaatoT HyTeBOAHTeJIH, pa3rHenaHHain HapoR no OILIH6Ke

11pHMIJI 3a cTaTyll cppamAy3clopc Koponei1. 24 I4HTepecHa 06"be11 14H511011Iaa

HHTepnpeTaTopoa Tema cemHoTHnecKon 0111146K11 CTpe.11b110B 14 cppaHHy3cimx peaosnomoHepos: Te HKO6bI no oun46Ke 11p141151.1114 60JIBaHK14 ARSI napHxoa 3a aminecicHe cTaTyH, 3TH HO oun46Ke )Ke 11p111151J114 BeTX03aBeTHbIX Hapeil 3a (l)paHny3cicHx. 3TO H36bIT0IIHOe npeanono)KeHHe O HaJIIIIII4H OIIIH6KH TaM, r)e ROB011b110 OgeBHIIHO npocToe HamepeHHe KpyinnTa CHMBOJI 141IeCKHe FOJIOBbI —

B.11aCTH. 4:1>paHuy3ciale 6yHT0BILIIIKH, mo>meT 6bITb, H 3HaJIH, KaKHe cTaTyll CTOSIT B ranepee, HO B TaKOM cnynae OH14 3HaJIH TaioKe, wro chpaHny3cicHfi KO-

ponx H36panH celie o6pa31 om ApeBH11X napeil HyaeH H 143paHnH, 14 npegaBanll nopyraHmo CHMBOJIbl BJIaCTH. A ARA cTpenanoa, mo)KeT 611Tb, 6b1110 aocTa-TOIIHO TOPO, TITO apa)Kne6Haie HM HatIanbHHKH oReaanH CBOH HapHicH —

HM H, cneaosaTenaHo, To>Ke apaAme6Haie TOJI0BHble y6opai Ha cnenHana-Hme malleKeHbi, TaK 3T14 RepeaHHHaie 6onaaHKH mornH CJI)DICHTb 11X CHM-

BOJIVItIeCKHMH 3amecTHTensimH HaiIaJIbCTBeHHbIX FOJI0B. Bo BCSIKOM cnynae, 14

Te, H apyrHe apsul JIH 60pOJIHCb C aHT1111Hb1M 513bItIeCTBOM HJIH BeTxo3aaeTHon penHrHen BO VIM51 XpIICTI4aHCK011 Bepm.

nen!, 11pHB01114MbIX paccywneHHil — He TO,TIbK0 110M01.11b B. )KHBOBy B

6opa6e HpOTHB penyxnuolunma, HO 11, npenIke acero, 6opa6a C HcKymeHHem, Ra)Ke 14 co6cTaeHHa1m, HCKaTb 14 HaX0):114Tb B 3noxe, npegmecTayroinen HeTpy, HCKOHHO npeaHepyccxylo TpaRmnno. HOBa51 "aHTH-aHTIIIIHOCTb" amecTe co aceì'i "npo-auTlinHocTmo" — minponorHeil TeaTpa H naHernpuxoa, aHTFInHbIM ReKopom TpHymcpoa Hmena abipa)KeHHain 6apoimbin KOJI0pHT 14 o6ineeapo-neficKHe KOpHH, yxoasmnie K YKpaHHe, K 110J1b111e, K KoHTppe(t)opmHcTucum ycHnHam He3y1r0s comaTenefi unconbHoro TeaTpa, H amarne — K peHeccan-cHomy rymaHH3my.

Ra)Ke nnameHHbiti TpaaHnHoHanH3m XVII BeKa He npencTaanyln iIHCTbIX

HCKOHHbIX Tpaw4HH11, OH 110TIHTbIBalIC51 mcapom yxpaHHcicHx aHTIVIIHaTCKHX

A. 1103TaKa CaaBSIFICK0r0 Teana XVII-FICpBOVI 110.110BNI-161 XVIII B.: nosibula,

YKpaHlia, POCCHA. MocKBa 1991. 24 Tenepb cTaTym N onnomarmble 1-0.110Bbl BbICTaBaeHbl 13 Hal.WOHaJlbHOM My3ee

Cpel11111X BeKOB (Cluny).

CeAutomuqecKue uceneòoHattust IlempoecKA anoxu 43

11011eMHK, B CB010 ottepeAb CBH3aHHIAX C oatteeuporteilcimmH nonemHxamu 3110- XII KoHTppecisopmaHHH. HcxoTisible Ami HneonorHH pyccxoro cTapoo6psinnecTua KH14114 "KHHFa O Bepe" H "KHpartnoHa KHHI'a" CI10)KHJIHCE. B yxpasmcxpix iteH-Tpax HOBOPI o6pa3oriamiocTH. 25 Bon cTapoo6psitimecTua neTporicicoro Hpe-meHH 6paTbsi Je1IHCOBbI Harrytm.rm pHTOprIgeCK0e o6pa3oHaHHe. PyccicHe Tpa-RHIMOHMISICTbl, )1(axce COBCCM H He rtHBILIHeCSI Ha 3anane, He 6bIJIH 11pOCTb1M11

HOCHTeJIHMH pyCCKOÙ HCKOHHOCTH H gpeBHOCTH, OH14 HpHHattnesKanvi o6n1e-esponeficxomy penrIFH03H0-BOHHCTBeHHOMy XVII Hexy, KOTOpMi B CHJIy

CBOeFO panmaninma commian HOBb1e Cpopmbi cymecTHoHamm H riponarambi, Hesenomble Hpe)Kne Ha PycH. B KOHe'IHOM citeTe, Hcsixasi 11011bITKa peKOH-

cTpyHpoBaTB Hexyro Henocmyio H npoTspKeHHyto BO HpemeHH, yxonsiutyto B ray6HHy BeKOB Tpanmmommo HAeHTIIIIHOCTb, OTO>KReCTBJISITb panrixammbiù TpanmmonanH3m H peamilibie TpanHHHH, yS131314Ma HO cymecTuy.

HoHeMnast pa6oTa E. A. Horocsm "HeTp I HaxaHyHe HeTpcmcxllx pe-chopm" cuemHTcsi, KaK Ka)KeTC51, 11pOTHBOHOCTaBHTb Historia sub specie se-mioticae HenTo HOBoe. 26 CTaTbII yTHepnriaeT B KOIIe 1IHOM c -tieTe, 'ITO Hen 6bin rny6oxo TpanmusoHeH B CBOHX OCHOBHLIX 1137TAX. ABTOp Bb1HBnHeT cxon-tibie 3J1eMe1ITb1 B cTapHimbix vicToprmecxvix 110BeCTBOBaHHSIX H B HOBbIX CTH-

XaX, B 11aMATHIIKaX xpactiopeum, B o6psinomAx cisopmax, B 3m6nemax 14 HKO-

Hax npenpecixtpmeHHofi H nocnepecttopmeimoil 3HOXII H paccmannuaeT HX

BOCI1p0H3BOAHMOCTb KaK ripH3Hamt CJICROBaII1451 enHHoil TpanHHHH. Ha (1)0He

3T014. TpaAHHHH 6b1TOBbIe HOBOBBeReH1451 HeTpa OKa3b1BalOTCSI nImb CKaH-

RalIbHb1M 10H0111eCKIIM 110X0ROM "11pOTHB mero MOCKOBCKOPO", He Hmetoumm cymecTseHHoro 3Hat1emIsi. 3penblit )Ke Hen, HO MHeHHIO aBTopa, ocTaeTcsi "TICJI0BeKOM xpemneucxott KynbTypbl", He HaxonHT anexuamoro 3anaBBoro

SI3b1Ka Ansi OCMbICIIeH1451 cuoeil Hpommein(Hanbtioil MHCCHH (aBTop HamexaeT Ha B3SITIle HapErpana), o xoTopoù "Hen ymen rotioptiTh TORbK0 Ha 513bIKe MO-

CKOBCKHX npopottecTu". HpennonaraeTcsi, KaK 14 y aBTOpOB xnaccsmecimx pa-60T B. A. YCIIefICKOCO H B. M. )1(14B0Ba, cymecTuouaHste CHCTeMH0iI 14 He-

110CTII0P1 ripenbinymeil Tpanmum — "KpeMJICBCK011 xynuryphi", 14J114 "513bIKa MO-

CKOBCKHX npoponecTri", romoreHHoil npetmepyccxocTH, TpagHHHOHHOCTH, C

KyflbTOM n0KpOBa, nonvrraHHem HKOH BO)KbeA MaTepH, CO CTeHemiori KHHI'011 H np. YcTaHasnrmaeTcsi, 'ITO mHorHe }KeCTb1 14 110CTyHKH HeTpa, ecnx HX mrrepripeTHpotiaTb B pamxax 3anaimoti CHCTeMbI, eii He HpoTHuopexiaT. TOJILKO, B OT1114 1Ille OT cTapumx ytleHblX, airrop amteHTtipyeT cariasi He "ali-

25 HoHeilwaH pa6oTa Ha u'ry Temy C nwreparypoti Bonpoca: OnapMHa T. A. VIHam HaceHKa H no.nemHHecKoe 6oroc.norme KmeHciwil mwrpononnu. HOBOCH6HpCK 1998.

26 FIOFOCAll E. A. flerp I HaKaHyHe nerpoHcKHx pectiopm // JI0I'MaHOBCKM1 c6op-

HHK 3, MOCKBa 2004, c. 13-40.

44 Mapust 17.nioxatioew

THnoseaeHma", a myrpHcHcTemHoro noseneHHa CO CT0p0Hbl HeTpa.27 14HTe-

pecHo, CITO AJ151 pexoHcTpyxHHH cHcTemai aBTOp 11011b3yeTCH nane acero TeK-

cTamli HOBbIX RASI TOM apemeHH amHpos, CTHXaMH, naHerHpaxamH, no caoen 6aponHoil cyTH CTOSIIIAHMH Ha nepeceneHHH TpanHuHil.

Becama HifrepecHanl npnmep, C xoToporo E. A. HorocaH HanHHaeT onm-caHHe "513bIKa MOCKOBCKHX npoponecTa" — "HporHocinx" CHmeoHa Hononaoro Ha ponmeHne napeanna HeTpa o rpaArgem B3SIT1411 LIaparpana. "HporHo-CTHK" — naHerHpHnecime BHpIIIH, HmprrHpyloinHe acTpanorHnecuin nporHo3, 111114 AePICTBI4Te.11bHà ero BK.monaimme. HporHocnix C naHerlipincom — TpynHo HATI4 CITO-J1H60 MeHee TpanHnHoHHoe 14 MOCKOBCK0e. MOUJIbHOCTb 3T01-0

TexcTa coacem npyraa, nem y TpaAnnHoHHaix npoponecTs-omposemni, Ha-npHmep, y MecponHa HaTapcKoro. HporHocTxx HanHcaH allpniamli, TO ecTh on6oneH pHTmom, sHyTpeHHHmii plITMHIIeCKHMH CBS1351M14, Hrpoil pHchm. gTO

naHerHpHnecime xaanbi 14 nonwrHnecaaa arHTau,na no BocTonHomy Bonpocy, a He BOJIST 11130B14)WHY01.

CHMeOH 1-1011011KIIPI, xoTopomy Tpanmula npHnHcamaeT comune "Hpo-rHocTifica" Hmen aBTOpHTeT KaK nenoaex onpeueneHHaix TexHHnecialx Ha- BbIKOB B o6nacTH 110331414 141111 acTpoJIorHH, a He KaK npopox. MO)KHO B03-

pnwrb, CITO pauom C 3THM naHerHpincom Kpeicunni nomenpeT Apyrne npen-BeinaHHa cnasai HeTpa, HanpHmep, npoponecTao CBSITOr0 ICHpHnna Hoao-e3epcxoro, npHmeHaemoe K monowm Hapam, O nayx oTpoaax y Bozaero npe-CTOBB. OAHaK0 H 3ueca Mbl Hmeem neno He C CO6CTBeHHO npopo'IeCTBOM CI331- Toro, a C ero npHmeHeHHem K onpeAeneHHaim 110.T111TWIeCKIIM 06CTOSITCJIbCT-

Bam, C aoHapeTH3anHen ero. )11151 cyna6m aTon, KaK H WISI mHorptx npyrxx CHMBOJIHIIeCKHX CI)OpM B XVII B. xapaierepHat 143MeHeH1451 B CT0p0Hy KOH-

Kpennapni 3Hanemia. B KOHTeKCTe xpeaunmexoro npoH3Begelma npo- ponecTaa cymecTayioT yace Booftne TORbK0 a 3HaneHHH naHerHpHxon "Oca-3aHlie" KpeKIIIHHa COCTaBIIeHO nocne cmepTH HeTpa, aorna TeKCTb1 B I4X npo-ponecaom cTaTyce y)Ke noTepanH acaigno 1.(eHy.

MO*H0 paccmaTpHaaTh 11,14KJI npencxa3aHH`n, npHaeneHHain Kpeanumaim, KaK noxymeHT 70-x rr. XVII B., npHHanneacaundi nepHoAy orna HapcTao-BaHHa Anexcea MHxailnoafina. B Taxom cnynae OH nencTurrenaHo xapaa-

27 B 1998 ppm/ Ha IV .nOTMaHOBCKHX tiTeHnsix B Prry B MocKee A genana gomme Ha Temy "LlapbrpaRcKaz ;leo, HaKaHyHe erpowrenbrrea IleTep6ypra", KoTopmfi, 4TO ecTecTeeHHo Ree pa6oT comaeaembdi B pamKax eRHHog 111K01161, B maTepHane H B He-KOTOpbtX emeogax gaCTWIHO coenan C pa6oToft E. A. nOrOCAH. MHe He npuwnocb ne-pepa6oTaTb AciKnag B cremi° H Tenepb, 6narogape TwaTenbHomy neqaTHomy Hccne-»Barano E. A. A ekpKy CBOH H ee OCHOBHble OWH6KH. XOTA, anpoqem, KaK Ka*eTce, A H

'roma He roeopwria, n'o HamepeHme oceo6o*RaTb napbrpaik — TpaeligHoHHoe eem Moc- KOBCKIA PyCH.

Cemuomtmeciate uceneòosamea TlempoHeicoù anoxu 45

TepH3yer "113bIK MOCKOBCKHX npoponecTs", HO He KaK TpaI(1111140HHb111, a KaK

RHaMlIneCK14h, HOB131 .11 H B 3HanlITCJIIDHOA CTerIeHH 11p141303H011.

143y/tienile npoponecTa PeHeccaHca 14 HOCTpeHeCCaHCHOÙ 3110XH — eABa JIH

He CaM0e )1(14B0e 14 aKTya.11 1,110e Hanpaanmme 3ananHoesponeticKofi ncTo-plinecKoil HayKll. HaKOIMeHHblà MaTepHan 1103BOJISIeT BMIeTb Fp0MaI1Hy10

pani, 11p0pOneCTBa B KynbType HOB0f0 BpeMeHH 14 11J1aHHp0BaTb BO3M0>KHOCTI.,

Haralcanxn nocnenonaTenbHofi IICTOpHH eBp011ePICKOÚ KyJIbTypb1 3T0r0 IlepH0-

HMeHHO B TaKOM KJI1One. CIIenHaJIIICT B aTai 06IlaCTI4 Po6epTo PycKonx ceTyeT °Ramo, trro oftem maTepllana CeiiiIaC oKa3ancn 3natniTenh- HO BM11.1e, tIeM CTelleHb OCMIACJIeH1451 H 143yneHHOCTH 3B0J1101111H cTaTyca Hp-oponecTs, 14X Meli 311011(14XCS1 COOTH011IeHHÚ C peanIMOCTLIO 14 np. 28 COHOCTa-

BneHHe 3a1IaIIHOr1 CIITyalMH C "513b1KOM MOCKOBCKHX upoponecTs" B 3TOM CJ1y-

nae MO)KCT 6b1Th 110.11e3H0 AMI BbIYIBJ1eHHSI pa3HbIX ttla3 B 3B0J11011H11 11p0p0-

neCTB, H3MeHeH1111 14X MonaJILHOCTH H KOHKpeTHOCTII.

YCHneHHOe 14C110J1b30BaHHe 110.11HT1IneCK0I1 aCTp0J10FHP1 14 >Kalipa 11p01110-

CTHKOB XapaKTepH3yeT EBp011y 1103I1Her0 PeHeccaHca H nOCTpeHeCCaHCa. 3T0

HpOpOneCTBOBaHHe OHHpaeTCYI, KaK H mnoroe Apyroe B PeHeccaHce, na aH-THIIHIA C110006 MbILLIneM451 14 aHTHtIHyJO HayKy 11 OCO3HaeT Ce611 B CB513H C

aHTWIHOCTI,10. 29 BHyTp14 IICTOpl4H, 011peACJISIeMOÙ omKpoeenusimu HI4CaMISI 11

HepKOBHOPO HpepH1411, yKpe11.11 ReTCH H paCIIIHpSleTC51 CChepa MaTeMaT14 11eCKH

paCtINCJISIeM0f0 BO3I1d1CTB1451 aHT14 11HbIX 60)KeCTB-nnaHeT. COMeTageb C TpaI(14-

11140HHIAMH cpenHeaeKonEamH npoponecisamn, acTponornnecKA npornocTFIK necPopmllpyeT H HX CORep)Ka1114e B CT0p0Hy KOHKpeTH3a111414, HCTOpIIK0-110,1114T14-

necKoro nporn03a 14 arkrrawm. Hanano HOB0r0 BpeMeHH nome Hal1eH1451 KOHCTaHTHH011011S1 o3nameno-

BaHO na 3anane nonnnenxem 1114K110B 11p0p0 11eCTB-11peI1cKa3aH1111 O BO3M03K110-

CTS1X ClIaCeHMI, BOCCTaHOBJ1eHHS1 cBamermoro xpllcmaacKoro ropona. B 3THX

1114KnaX HCII0J1b30BaJIOCI, 14 CTapHHHOe CpegHeBeK0B0e "OTKpOBeHHe nCeBT10-

Melt0X1H51", H cTappumoe )Ke npoponecmo JIbBa ripeMygp0F0, HO C npHMeHe-

HIleM K HOBbIM aKTyanbHbIM 06CTOSITenbCTBaM 14 B neCTp0M 0Kpy)KeHH11 1Ip0-

pOneCKHX CTHXOB, aCTp0J10114 1IeCKHX 11p01110CTI4KOB H np. Ha py6e)Ke XVI-XVII BB. 3T11 1.114KJILI y)Ke pacapocTpaHsumcb B nenaTHOM

28 Rusconi R. Profezia e profeti alla fine del Medioevo. Roma 1999.

29 B o63ope ticToptimecktix MCCIICROBaHlIti acwo.riorkut (Grafton A. Il Signore del tempo. I mondi e le opere di un astrologo del Rinascimento. Bari 2002, pp. 18-19) yka3aHh1 ;Be Ha86osiee awropwremble pa60rbi, paccmanimatow,ue ponti aHT8 IHoc i l4 B

acTponorrut Hosoro BpemeHn: Warburg A. Heidnisch-Antike Weissagung in Wort und Bild zu Luthers Zeiten. Heidelberg 1920; Cassirer E. lndividuum und Kosmos in der Philosiphie der Renaissance. Berlin 1927.

46 MapuR Ilatoxanoea

POCCHB B pa3Hble nepHow noAbepranacb nabneHmo co cTopoHbi 3anaRa c Henbio HanpaHHTb ee CHJIbI Ha 6opb6y npoTHH TypegKoù OHaCHOCTH. B OTIHH

H3 TaKHX HepHoRoH, Ha py6ence XV-XVI BB. Ha PyCH IIORBHJIaCb "IlosecTb B3BTHH LIapbrpaAa", Hbinalomeecn nwrepaTypHoe npoH3Henerme, HonHoe Tpa-rH3ma. IlpollcxoncneHHe aToro TeKura ocTaeTcsi He nponcHeHo. E. A. 110FO-

CSIH o6paluaeT HHHmaHme Ha nomewenHylo B KOHIJe HOBeCTH rpynny 'Topo-necTH, HameKarommx Ha BO3MONCHy10 MHCCHIO pyCCKHX B )iene ocBo60)KneHrín LIapbrpaTka, TITO H naeT ehi ocHoHaHHe paccmaTpHHaTb npoponecTHa, HpH-HeReHHEde y KpeKLIIHHa B nepcneKTHHe npenHepyccKoil TpanaHHH. OAHaKo rpynna npoponecTH HaxopffiTcn TOJIbK0 B OAHOM CHHCKe, eAHHCTBeHHOM, Hpen-cTaHnsuotHem oco6yio peTkaKiHno II0BeCTH, c yKa3aHHem Ha awropa, HecTopa-McKaHAepa, Typenxoro nneHHHKa. J1pyraH peRaKHHA, HmeHman umponalimee pacnpocTpaHeHHe H BJIHBHHe, He coAep)KHT HH HMeHH, HH npoponecm. OnesHnHo, npoponewma 6bIJIH CHSITbI, KaK HecooTHercTHrowHe MOCKOBCKOMy

o6pa3y MbICJIH, HJIH )ce, Hao6opoT, Ao6aHneHbi B OAHOM cnynae HmecTe C

paCCKa3OM o6 aBTOpe, HO BO Hcex cnynanx OHH — aHOMaJIbHbI. 3TH npopo-necTba MOFIIH rpenecKoil Hn1 rpeKocimnbcKoil H.TIH 3ananHo'n arirragHH, HpH3Hastuei3 pyCCKHX K 6opb6e 3a IlapbrpaA. HciernoneHHe npopo-=leen 143 TpaAHHHH — eine oRHo B pRAy MHOPPIX ROKa3aTeJIbCTB nocneno-BaTenbH0 oTpHgaTenbHoro OTHOLLIeHPISI PyCH K 3TOMy IIpH3bIBy B KOHLIe XV H

B XVI BB. 3T0 HenpllwrHe HapbrpancKofi MHCCHH 6bIJIO o6ycnowneHo He TO.TIb-

K0 HOJIHTIV-IeCKHMH coo6pancemumu pyccKoro HpaHHTenbwrHa, HO H, KaK mHe npencTaHnneTca, ny)KnocTbio Ansi pyccKoil TpanHHHH npenno)KeHHoil wreneHH KOHKpeTH3aLIHH H3BeCTHbIX efi npoponecTs.

B XVII BeKe B anoxy gapcimosamln AneKcen MHxailnomna, 61I17Ke K

KOHny ero, POCCHH OHBTb nonseprnacb arwraHHouHo-npoponecKomy BO3Aei3-

CTBH10, npoHonHHKamH KOT0p0F0 6bIJIH rymaHHcninecKoil o6pa3oBaH-HOCTH. PaccmoTpeHHoe BbIllIe npoHmeneHHe CHmeoHa HOJI0II,K0F0 H EIIPICha-

HYISI CnaBHHeUKoro TOJIbK0 OJJHH H3 HaMSITHHKOB B ampoKoti rpynne TeKCTOB

3T0r0 poTka. OCO6eHHO OTJIHtIHJICH B 3TOil o6nacTH HHKOJIail MHnecKy Cna-cpapHii, rymamicTlinecKH 06pa30BaHHmil HHcaTenb H nepeHowiHK, ccpopmHpo-BaBIIIHACSI B nepemememmx menqy KyJIbTypHbIMH newrpamll KOHCT3HTH-

HOTIOJISI H 3ananHoPi EBp0IIbI. B POCCHH, OH coxpaHnn CBSI3H C BOCTO 1I-

HbIMH HepKosHbimil HepapxamH. B Hagane 70-x ronos, Korna CnachapHil oKa-3anCSI npx pyccKom nHope, ero, BHAHO, CTaJIH ripoinrrb B nenarorm. Emy 6bIJIH

3aKa3aHbi npon3HeneHHH, KoTopme AOJI)KlIbI 6bIJIH CJIy)KIITb chopmHposainno o6pa3H0Horo HneanbHoro npaHHTenn." CnachapHR AeTICTBHTelIbH0 co6pan H

" FloKonall Cnachapviii. 3cTerwlecKne Tpaierami. flou. TeKCTOB 14 Bcrryn CTaTb51

O. A. Beno6poBai. Jlefumirpag 1978, C. 15 (B Kfflue ingaBbi BeKcyrophie npopomecute npovi3BeReFulz CnachapHz).

CeAtuomuqecieue lice.aeòoacumR Hempoacicat anoxu 47

coesHHHn cseseHcin o Hayxax, peicomensansH uTunecicoro xapaxTepa, Ho B

OCHOBHOM — HpoponecTsa. H sommulpylocnne TeMbI, 11 Acasposasi TpasHHHH, 3arnasHA — sce npvmasnexcano npopo'IecKoiI nllTepaType. "KHicra o C1113H.TI-

nax", "XpHCM0J101140H", COCTaBJ1e1111bIC CI1aCIMplIeM, TOIIKOBaJIH TpasHnHoH Hylo Hpoponecxyro nuTepaTypy, csoss{ BCé K esHHcTseHHoci Teme cysb6bi 1.1apbrpasa H Heo6xosHmocTH ero ocso6wKseHH2. "...H Te6e, MapcoH H Ar- roH, cHpenb capaicHne, apane, *pe6Heso sam, MHOI'HB 3na scem HesepHbim yFOTOBIISICT. CesepHbiti ymce JIBOCF.TIaBHbal open 14 6narosepHbiti nopa3HT sac BCCX, mexmeTaHos 110FaHOB, H opy*Hem KpecTa HapcTsa H cTpaH salum so3osoneeT". 3 ' Bcrosy 4)HrypHpyeT KOHCTaHTHH, KOTOpb17l SIBMICTCH HC KaK

CO3b1BaTenb co6opa 14 ycTpollTenb xplIcTuancicoro rocysapcTsa, a KaK BOO-

py)Kelmmil xpecTom 6opei c HesepHb1mH. B 3axmonHTenbHoil rnase "KHI4TH

CI4BHJIJIaX" npHseseHo 6onbucoe anoximpHnecxoe nosecTsosaHHe o ripcmc- X0)1(SeHHH xpecTnoro spesa, xoTopoe KoHnaeTcs CJI0BaMH: "Cere y6o xpecT sa 6yseT npasocnasHomy H 6oroseHnanHomy napto Hamemy no6esa H 3namn 11pOTHB lieBHAHMbIX 14 BIIT(HMbIX HCMakIJIbTS1110B sparos, 51K0 xce HHorsa KOH-

CTaHTHHy BenHicomy co ymno)KeHHem CO CJ1aB010 1.1apCTB1451 ero OT K01111a samce ):10 KOHIIa 3CM.TIH. AMHHb". 32 HHTepecell 3secb cnoco6 KoHxpeTH3an4H O6pa3a KpecTa, o6bilmbiti AMI Toro spemem B nwryprwiecxylo cpopmyny 110XBa.TIbI

KpecTy BCTaBASIeTCA KoHxpeTHoe HaHmeHosanHe spar" oTnero, B naCTHO-

cm, 3apo)KgaeTcs Taxon cPeHomeH KaK HeslisHmbie H3MaIllIbTalle, a KOHCTaH-

THH OKa3bIBaCTC51 6opnom C MITOBbIM mycynbmaHcTsom. 3TO npoH3seseHme saTHposaHo 1673 r. Ha ros paHnue, osHospemeHHo C npornocTmom CHmeona 14 EnHcpaHHA H, onesHsHo, cny)Ka o6HAHm C H14MH nensm arirraHHH, Uni co-CTaBneH "XpHCM0J1011,10H", C TOJIKOBaHHCM Ha KiiHry RaHmana, c "npespene-111,151MH JTbBa Hpemysporo" H spyrHmH, B3S1TbIMII OT spesHeil CIIIIHHOpHMCK011

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so rpasywee BpeMH...". B rpsnlywHe spemeHa, pa3ymeeTcz, npescTonno ocso- 6o7KgenHe Uapbrpasa pyccimm gapeM, KOTOpb111, 110A06110 KOHCTaHTHIIy, 110-

npeT Hos HOF11 "HenecTHsenumx 14 Kpafl'Hetiumx BparoB". 33

B KOHAC secca pyccx.He npasHTenbcTsa oxa3anHcb ropamo &vice K Hsesim npoponecTs — 11p0FHOCTIIKOB, nem sce npeppecTsro1gHe. 34

31 TaM )ce, c. 48. 32 Tam n<e, c. 86. 33 Xpacmonormoa. PHB, PyKonacablil orrnen, co6paHme Wa6aFroaa (€19. 344) Ni

171, 3BrOBOBOK N II. 18 06. 34 O npaaaaHam pyCCKI4M npaarrrenbcmom caoefi ~CNN OCB060)KReH142 xpac-

THaHCK0F0 BOCTOKB B KOHLke XVII BeKa: Kairrepea H. XapaKTep OTHOWeHld POCCHN K

npaaocnaaHomy Boc'roKy B XVI N XVII CTOBBTHHX. I/13B. 2. Ceprmea llocan 1914, rn. 8.

48 Mapust Ilmozattooa

CaM HeTp nonro, BHJIOTb OKOHllaTeJ113H0f0 nopa*emaa B HpyTocoil xam- naHHH, npecneHosan nenH, 3aRaHHb1e B nporHocTificax H onepnemme nonx-THKOil HM4. OnHaxo npn 3TOM HeTp apan nH pa3MbIHInHn Han TexcTamH "OTKpOBeHIIII" MeCk0B1451 HaTapcxoro HJIH npoponecTa SIbBa Hpe-mV1Poro B Apeam4x peAamunx H apan JIH MbICJIHJI caoe neno B COOTBeT-

cTspoluffix npoaHneHnHanbHo-acxaTonorHnecxxx xaTeropHax. 35 HOCKOJIE.Ky

HeTp 06bIIIHO yKJ10115111C51 OT BbICKa3bIBallilil Ha TeMbI, He Hmeaume HenocpeH-CTBeHHO npinclaHHoro 3HatieHHH, sonale npennonoHcenHa OCTaIOTCSI OTKpbI-

TbIM11. HO cablo yHOpCTBO, C KOTOpbIM OH coamanan 6I4TBbI C para KpecTa

XpHcToaa Ha iure H 6HTBIA c sparami! npyroro pona — Ha cesepe, 3acTaan1eT comHeaaTbcH B TOM, TITO 6onbine acero ero HIITepecoBana ponb meccHa-HHnecxoro Haps, npH3BaHHoro, HO Ficeanomechowno, no6eHwrb Fora H Marora H II0BeCHTb CBOIO xopoHy Ha KpecT, nocpenH 3emsal Bocxonainxii Ha He6o.

Flepexoinlax anoxa, B pamxax xoTopoll ocyigecTanneTca nerposciadi ne-peBopoT, B cHny mHoroo6pa3Ha nepecexaloamca Tpannnuil npenocTaansieT MHO)KeCTBeHHble BO3MO)KHOCTH HifrepnpeTanim TeKCTOB — MO)KHO CMeIlIaTb

naHerHpHx H mxpoaeHHe, cnyTaTb TeaTpanbHylo Hrpy 14 casmeHHoneilcTaHe, 11011aCTE. B cwryanyno onacHoil JII3yCMbICJIeHHOCTI4 H HaATI1 BbIX0):( 143 Hee, caona CHMBOJI K meTachope 14 pilTyanbHoe neilcTso — K Hrpe, HJIH, Hao6opoT, npm114- Can., Hrpe xolnyHcimeHHoe 3HaxienHe, a meTachopy OC)7(11Tb KaK CBSITOTaT-

CTBO. 3Ta cwryanHH AHHaminma H OTHOCHTeJIbHOil CB060)Ibl B o6nacTH 3Hane-HHil FOTOBI4JIaCb 14 panHaanacb Ha npoTH*eHHH AIIIITCJIbHOTO nepHona — KOTO-

pbgi yHo6Ho Ha3b1BaTb 3HOXOÌ3 6apOKKO. B pamxax 3T01-0 nepexoTka pa3BH.T1aCb orpomHaa C4)epbl CBeTCKIIX 3Hane111111, B xorropoil 0111I03111IIIR xonwHeTaeH- HbigicaxpanbHbiti 6bina HepeneaaHTHa Boo6ine. CaM HeTp xax cemnoTHx, pa6oTHHx B o6nacTH 3HaKOB, BHeC 60J1bIII011 BKJIaR B nem cexynapH3anHH 3HaneHHil Ansi nonwrvinecxofi o6nacTH. Mo HO npliHepx<HaaTbca yrna 3peHHH, 11p14 KOTOpOM ero alunni 6yHyT paccmaTpHaaTbca KaK KOILIyHCTBO, KaK "aH-THnoneneHne" HnH KaK noaeneHHe caxpanbHoro moHapxa, HO TaKOA 110AX0A

HCKyCCTBeHHO orpamtameT cyi(ecTayionwe BO3MO)KHOCTH HHTepnpeTanlifi.

35 B ❑ peRnono*eHHH, MTO Flerp OCMbICJIBIBBR CBO}O Resrrenbrioerb B peJ11411103HOM 3cxaTonorkP4ecKom Ryxe E. A. nOrOCSIFI CXORPITCH C B. M. *HBoBbim, CM. Bbune courser-erBytowse Awrami 143 erwreii 06cmix awropos.