Thy: Phm Hng Qun LTH Ha Hc 2014

V mt ma thi thnh cng ca HS Trn Khai Nguyn Page 1

Chuyn 6 AXIT BAZ CHT LNG TNH

Cc nh ngha theo Arrhenius 1. Axit

L nhng cht khi tan trong nc th phn li cho cation H+

2. Baz L nhng cht khi tan trong nc th phn li cho anion OH-

3. Cc cht lng tnh

L nhng cht khi tan trong nc th va c th phn li cho H+ va c th phn li cho OH-

Danh sch cc loi cht lng tnh

Loi cht V d

Cc oxit v hidroxit ca Al, Zn, Sn, Pb,

Cr (III)

Al2O3, Al(OH)3, Cr2O3, Cr(OH)3

Cc mui axit (tr mui hidrosunfat )

NaHCO3, KH2PO4, Ca(HSO3)2 . . .

Cc mui to bi ng thi axit yu v

baz yu

(NH4)2CO3, CH3COONH4, HCOOH3NCH3

Amino axit

H2N-CH2-COOH, CH3-CH(NH2)-COOH

H2O

Ch : C mt s cht tc dng c c vi dung dch axit v dung dch baz nhng khng phi l cht lng tnh: Al, Zn, este

BI TP VN DNG

Cu 1 (i hc khi A 2007) Cho dy cc cht: Ca(HCO3)2, NH4Cl, (NH4)2CO3, ZnSO4, Al(OH)3, Zn(OH)2. S cht trong dy c tnh lng tnh l:

A. 2 B. 3 C. 4 D. 5 Cu 2 (Cao ng 2007): Cc hp cht trong dy cht no di y u c tnh lng tnh?

A. Cr(OH)3, Fe(OH)2, Mg(OH)2. B. Cr(OH)3, Zn(OH)2, Pb(OH)2.

C. Cr(OH)3, Zn(OH)2, Mg(OH)2. D. Cr(OH)3, Pb(OH)2, Mg(OH)2.

Thy: Phm Hng Qun LTH Ha Hc 2014

V mt ma thi thnh cng ca HS Trn Khai Nguyn Page 2

Cu 3 (i hc khi A 2008): Cho cc cht: Al, Al2O3, Al2(SO4)3, Zn(OH)2, NaHS, K2SO3, (NH4)2CO3. S cht u phn ng c vi dung dch HCl, dung dch NaOH l: A. 5. B. 6. C. 4. D. 7. Cu 4 (Cao ng khi A 2008): Cho dy cc cht: Cr(OH)3, Al2(SO4)3, Mg(OH)2, Zn(OH)2, MgO, CrO3. S cht trong dy c tnh cht lng tnh l: A. 2. B. 4. C. 5. D. 3. Cu 5 (Cao ng khi A 2009): Dy gm cc cht va tan trong dung dch HCl, va tan trong dung dch NaOH l: A. NaHCO3, MgO, Ca(HCO3)2. B. NaHCO3, ZnO, Mg(OH)2.

C. NaHCO3, Ca(HCO3)2, Al2O3. D. Mg(OH)2, Al2O3, Ca(HCO3)2.

Cu 6 (i hc khi A 2007): Trong cc dung dch: HNO3, NaCl, Na2SO4, Ca(OH)2, KHSO4, Mg(NO3)2, dy cc cht u tc dng c vi dung dch Ba(HCO3)2 l: A. HNO3, NaCl, Na2SO4. B. HNO3, Ca(OH)2, KHSO4, Na2SO4.

C. NaCl, Na2SO4, Ca(OH)2. D. HNO3, Ca(OH)2, KHSO4, Mg(NO3)2.

Cu 7( i hc khi A 2007): Nh t t cho n d dung dch NaOH vo dung dch AlCl3. Hin tng xy ra l: A. C kt ta keo trng, sau kt ta tan. B. Ch c kt ta keo trng.

C. C kt ta keo trng v c kh bay ln. D. Khng c kt ta, c kh bay ln.

Cu 8 (i hc khi B 2007): Cho cc loi hp cht: aminoaxit (X), mui amoni ca axit cacboxylic (Y), amin (Z), este ca aminoaxit (T). Dy gm cc loi hp cht u tc dng c vi dung dch NaOH v u tc dng c vi dung dch HCl l: A. X, Y, Z, T. B. X, Y, T. C. X, Y, Z. D. Y, Z, T Cu 9 (i hc khi B 2007): Trong s cc dung dch: Na2CO3, KCl, CH3COONa, NH4Cl, NaHSO4, C6H5ONa, nhng dung dch c pH > 7 l: A. Na2CO3, C6H5ONa, CH3COONa. B. Na2CO3, NH4Cl, KCl.

C. KCl, C6H5ONa, CH3COONa. D. NH4Cl, CH3COONa, NaHSO4.

Cu 10 (i hc khi A 2011): Cho dy cc cht: NaOH, Sn(OH)2, Pb(OH)2, Al(OH)3, Cr(OH)3. S cht trong dy c tnh cht lng tnh l: A. 4. B. 1. C. 3. D. 2.

gi b mt p n (cng ch nhm cc em lm bi nghim tc), thy s ko cho p n trc tip ngay sau , m s cho sau vi ngy, khi up chuyn k tip. Hehe. iu thy mong mun l cc em c thi gian suy ngh k cng v bi, v nu cn thit th tho lun vi nhau. C gng ln cc em, d thi c kh, kin tr ginh ly tng im s, tng bc chinh phc nh cao!