Avalon Direct English TEACHER'S BOOK 1

AVALON Direct EnglishBook 1

teacher's version

© Avalon Book Company Ltd. 1

Unit 1

Hello My name is ...What is ...? Your name is ...

Q. Hello, my name is ... What is your name ?A. My name is ...

Q. What is my name ?A. Your name is ...

Q. What is your name ?*A. My name is ...

What is it ? n. a pencil n. a pen n. a bookIt is a pencil. It is a pen. It is a book.

Q. What is it ?A. It is a pencil.

Q. What is it ?A. It is a pen.

Q. What is it ?A. It is a book.

n. a table n. a chair n. a picture

Q. What is it ?A. It is a table.

Q. What is it ?A. It is a ...

n. a door n. a light n. a window



n. a floor n. a wall n. a ceiling


end of page 5

Is it a ...? Yes it is a ...

Q. Is it a book ?A. Yes, it is a book.

Q. Is it a pen ?A. Yes, it is a pen.

Q. Is it a ... ?A. Yes, it is a ...

my your his her

Q. What is your name ?A. My name is … .

Q. What is my name ?A. Your name is … .

Q. What is his name ?A. His name is … .

Q. What is her name ?A. Her name is … .

Q. Is my name ... ?A. Yes, your name is ...

Q. Is your name ... ?A. Yes, my name is ...

Q. Is his / her name ... ?A. Yes, his / her name is ...


v. to be n. a student n. a teachern. a man n. a woman

I am I am a teacher.You are You are a student.He is He is a man.She is She is a woman.It is It is a pen.

Q. Are you a student ?A. Yes, I am a student.

Q. Am I a teacher ?A. Yes, you are a teacher.

Q. Is he/she a student ?A. Yes, he/she is a student.

Q. Is he a man ?A. Yes, he is a man.

Q. Is she a woman ?A. Yes, she is a woman.

end of page 6

numbersn. number

1 one 6 six2 two 7 seven3 three 8 eight4 four 9 nine5 five 10 ten

v. to count from... to... please

Q. Count to ten, please.A. One two three four five six seven eight nine ten.

Q. Count from one to ten, please.A. One two three four five six seven eight nine ten.


in onthe n. classroom

Q. Is the book on the table ?A. Yes, the book is on the table.

Q. Is the picture on the wall ?A. Yes, the picture is on the wall.

Q. Is the table in the classroom ?A. Yes, the table is in the classroom.

pluralsBook = singular. (1 book)Books = plural. (2,3,4 ... books)

Q. Table. Is it singular ?A. Yes, it is singular.

Q. Books. Is it plural ?A. Yes, it is plural.

singular pluralto be to beI am we are We are in the classroom.you are you are You are students.he/she/it is they are They are chairs.

Q. Are we in the classroom ?A. Yes, we are in the classroom.

Q. Are you students ?A. Yes, we are students.

Q. Are they chairs ?A. Yes, they are chairs.

Q. Are they students ?A. Yes, they are students.

end of page 78


11 eleven 16 sixteen12 twelve 17 seventeen13 thirteen 18 eighteen14 fourteen 19 nineteen15 fifteen 20 twenty

Q. Count from eleven to twenty, please.A. Eleven, twelve, thirteen, fourteen, fifteen, sixteen, seventeen, eighteen, nineteen, ….twenty.

Q. Count from one to twenty, please.A. One, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten, eleven, twelve, thirteen, fourteen, fifteen, sixteen, seventeen, eighteen, nineteen, twenty.

n. arm n. leg n. hand n. head*

Q. What is it ? A. It is your ... (x 4)

Q. What is it ?A. It is my ...

Q. Is it my/your ... ?A. Yes, it is my…

Q. What are they ?A. They are your hands.

n. face n. ears n. eyesn. nose n. mouth n. hair

Q. What is it ?A. It is your ... (x 6)

Q. Is it my/your ... ?A. Yes, it is my …

Q. What are they ? A. They are your … (x 2)


question (?) positive (+) negative ()

Am I ...? I am ... I am not ...Are you ... ? You are ... You are not ...Is he/she ...? He/She is ... He/She is not ...Is it ...? It is ... It is not ...Are we ... ? We are ... We are not ...Are you ... ? You are... You are not ...Are they ... ? They are ... They are not ...

eg. Q. Is he a student ? eg. Q. Are they books ?+A. Yes, he is a student. +A. Yes, they are books.A. No, he is not a student. A. No, they are not books.

Q. Am I a student ?A. No, you are not a student.

Q. Are you a teacher ?A. No, I am not a teacher.

Q. Is it a book ?A. No, it is not a book.

end of page 8

but

eg. I am not a student, but I am a teacher.You are not a teacher, but you are a student.It is not a chair, but it is a table.

Q. Is it a table ?A. No, it isn’t a table, but it’s a chair.

Q. Is it a wall?A. No, it isn’t a wall, but it’s a table.

Q. Am I a student ?A. No, you aren’t a student but you’re a teacher.


Q. Are you a teacher ?A. No, I’m not a teacher but I’m a student.

Q. Is he a woman ?A. No, he isn’t a woman but he’s a man.

Q. Is she a man ?A. No, she isn’t a man

Q. Are they teachers ?A. No, they aren’t teachers but they’re students.

Where ... ? I am from ...Where is he from ? He is from Japan.

Q. Where am I from ?A. You are from …

Q. Where are you from ?A. I am from ...

Q. Where is he from ?A. He is from ...

Q. Where is she from ?A. She is from ...

Q. Where is the light ?A. The light is on the ceiling.

Q. Where is the pen ?A. The pen is on the table.

Q. Where is the picture ?A. The picture is on the wall.

prep. under prep. behind prep. in front of n. bag

Q. Is the book under the chair ?A. No, the book isn’t under the chair.

Q. Is the bag on the chair ?A. Yes, the bag is on the chair.


Q. Is the table in front of the chair?*A. Yes, the table’s in front of the chair.

Q. Am I behind the table ?A. Yes, you’re behind the table.

end of page 9

Q. Where is your bag ?A. My bag is under my chair.

Q. Where is your book ?A. My book is on the table.

Q. Where am I ?A. You are in the classroom

or

Q. Is it a pen or a pencil ?A. It’s a ...

Q. Are you are man or a woman ?A. I’m a man.

Q. Am I a teacher or a student ?A. You’re a teacher.

Q. Are you from England or ... ?A. I’m from Brazil.

Q. Is the pen on the table or under the table ?A. The pen is on the table.

n. city n. countryn. London n. England

eg. London is a city.England is a country.London is in England.

Q. Is London a city or a country ?A. London is a city.


Q. Where is London ?A. London is in England.

Q. What city are you from ?A. I’m from Paris.

Q. Where is ... (name of city)A. (Name of city) ... is in ...

n. elephant n. mouseadj. big adj. small

An elephant is big but a mouse is small.England is a small country but London is a big city.

Q. Is an elephant big ?A. Yes, an elephant’s big.

Q. Is a mouse small ?A. Yes, a mouse’s small.

Q. Is England a big country or a small country ?A. England is a small country.

Q. Is London a small city ?A. No, London isn’t a small city.

n. Brazil n. Scotlandadj. hot adj. cold

Brazil is a big, hot country.Scotland is a small, cold country.

Q. Is Brazil a hot country ?A. Yes, Brazil is a hot country.

end of page 1011Q. Is Scotland a cold country ?A. Yes, Scotland is a cold country.

Q. Is your country hot or cold ?A. My country is hot.© Avalon Book Company Ltd. 11

adj. black adj. white n. board

Q. What is it ?*A. It is a board.

Q. Is the board black or white ?A. The board’s white.

Q. Is it black or white?*A. It is black.

Q. Where is the board ?A. The board is on the wall.

adj. clean adj. dirty

Q. Is the floor clean ?A. Yes, the floor is clean.

Q. Is London a dirty city ?A. No, London isn’t a dirty city.

Q. Is your city clean or dirty ?A. My city is clean.

adj. left adj. right

Q. Is it my left hand or my right hand ?A. It’s your left hand.

Q. Is it my left eye or my right eye ?A. It’s your right eye.

Q. Is it his/her left arm ?A. Yes, it’s his left arm.

the opposite of

The opposite of yes is no.The opposite of big is small.The opposite of black is white.The opposite of clean is dirty.


Q. What is the opposite of big ?A. The opposite of big is small.

Q. What is the opposite of black ?A. The opposite of black is white.

Q. What is the opposite of left ?A. The opposite of left is right.

Q. What is the opposite of hot ?A. The opposite of hot is cold.

Q. What is the opposite of clean ?A. The opposite of clean is dirty.

end of page 11

there is ... there are ...

question (?) positive (+) negative ()singular Is there a ... ? Yes, there is a ... No, there is not a ...plural Are there ... ? Yes, there are ... No there are not ...

eg. Q. Is there a book on the table ?+A. Yes, there is a book on the table.A. No, there is not a book on the table.

Q. Are there chairs in the classroom ?+A. Yes, there are chairs in the classroom.A. No, there are not chairs in the classroom.

Q. Is there a book on the table ?A. Yes, there is a book on the table.

Q. Is there a teacher in the classroom ?A. Yes, there is a teacher in the classroom.

Q. Are there students in the classroom ?A. Yes, there are students in the classroom.

Q. Is there a book in my hand ?A. No, there is not a book in your hand.© Avalon Book Company Ltd. 13

Q. Are there books in your bag ?A. Yes, there are books in my bag.

how many ... ?

booksQ. How many pens are there ?

windows

A. (singular) There is one book/window/pen.A. (plural) There are 2,3,4 books / pens / windows.

Q. How many students are there in the classroom ?A. There are ..... students in the classroom.

Q. How many pictures are there on the wall ?A. There are 3 pictures on the wall.

Q. How many teachers are there in the classroom ?A. There is 1 teacher in the classroom.

Q. How many chairs are there in the classroom ?A. There are 10 chairs in the classroom.

Q. How many doors are there in the classroom ?A. There is 1 door in the classroom.

end of page 12 13

The Alphabet

A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Za b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z

n. alphabet n. letter

There are 26 letters in the English alphabet

Q. How many letters are there in the English alphabet ?A. There are 26 letters in the English alphabet.

Q. What are they ?A. They are a, b, c, ...© Avalon Book Company Ltd. 14

n. word

“Book” is a word“Dirty” is a word.“Where” is a word.There are four letters in the word “book”.There are five letters in the word “dirty.”

Q. How many letters are there in the word “BOOK” ?A. There are 4 letters in the word “BOOK”

Q. How many letters are there in the word “WINDOW” ?A. There are 6 letters in the word “WINDOW”.

Q. How many letters are there in the word “ELEPHANT”?A. There are 8 letters in the word “ELEPHANT”.

n. sentence

The book is on the table. = sentenceThere are six words in the sentence “The book is on the table”.

Q. How many words are there in the sentence : “The book is on the table”?A. There are 6 words in the sentence : “The book is on the table”?

Q. How many words are there in the sentence : “London is a big city”?A. There are 5 words in the sentence “London is a big city”?

Q. How many words are there in the sentence : “The students are in the classroom”.?A. There are 6 words in the sentence : “The students are in the classroom”.

n. vowel n. consonant

There are 5 vowels in the English alphabet.The English vowels are : A,E,I,O,U.

Q. How many vowels are there in the alphabet ?A. There are five vowels in the alphabet.


Q. What are the English vowels ?A. The English vowels are A,E,I,O,U.

Q. Is the letter a vowel ?A. Yes, the letter a is a vowel.

Q. Is the letter b a consonant ?A. Yes, the letter b is a consonant.

Q. Is the letter e a consonant ?A. No, the letter e is not a consonant, but it’s a vowel.

end of page 13

v. to say

Q. Say your name.A. Craig.

Q. Say my name.A. Gale.

Q. Say the letters ...B/V E/I P/F L/R S/Z K/Q G/J V/W O/U

v. to spell

We spell the word “pen”, PEN.

Q. Say the word window.A. Window.

Q. Spell the word window.A. WINDOW.

Q. Say the word country.A. Country.

Q. Spell the word country.A. COUNTRY.

Q. Say the word ceiling.A. Ceiling.


Q. Spell the word ceiling.A. CEILING.

Q. Say your name.A. Craig.

Q. Spell your name.A. CRAIG.

n. day n. week

There are seven days in a week.The days of the week are :Monday Tuesday Wednesday ThursdayFriday Saturday Sunday

Q. How many days are there in a week ?A. There are seven days in a week.

Q. What are the days of the week ?A. The days of the week are Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday, Friday, Saturday, Sunday.

n. today

Q. What day is it today ?A. It’s Wednesday today.

Q. Is today Saturday ?A. No, today isn’t Saturday.

Q. Is it hot or cold today ?A. It’s cold today.

and

Brazil and England are countries.London and Paris are cities.

Q. Are London and Paris cities ?A. Yes, London and Paris are cities.


Q. Are 6 and 7 numbers ?A. Yes, 6 and 7 are numbers.

Q. Are A and E vowels ?A. Yes, A and E are vowels.

Q. Are Monday and Tuesday days of the week ?A. Yes, Monday and Tuesday are days of the week.

end of page 14

between

Tuesday is between Monday and Wednesday.5 is between 4 and 6.

Q. Is Tuesday between Monday and Wednesday ?A. Yes, Tuesday is between Monday and Wednesday.

Q. Is 5 between 4 and 6 ?A. Yes, 5 is between 4 and 6.

Q. Is Y between X and Z ?A. Yes, Y is between X and Z.

before after

Monday is before Tuesday. Wednesday is after Tuesday.A is before B. C is after B.

Q. Is Friday before Saturday ?A. Yes, Friday is before Saturday.

Q. Is Wednesday after Tuesday ?A. Yes, Wednesday is after Tuesday.

Q. Is A before B ?A. Yes, A is before B.

Q. Is C after B ?A. Yes, C is after B.


Q. Is 12 before 13 ?A. Yes, 12 is before 13.

Q. Is 14 after 13 ?A. Yes, 14 is after 13.

which ?

Q. Which letter is between A and C ?A. B is between A and C.

Q. Which day is between Friday and Sunday ?A. Saturday is between Friday and Sunday.

Q. Which day is before Wednesday ?A. Tuesday is before Wednesday.

Q. Which day is after Wednesday ?A. Thursday is after Wednesday.

Q. Which letter is after B ?A. C is after B.

Q. Which letter is before B ?A. A is before B.

Q. Which number is after 13 ?A. 14 is after 13.

Q. Which number is before 13 ?A. 12 is before 13.

Who ?

Q. Who are you ?A. I’m ... .

Q. Who am I ?A. You are ... .

Q. Who is he/she ?A. He is ... .


end of page 15

Q. Who is in the classroom today ?A. John, Ana, David and Peter are in the classroom today.

Q. Who are your teachers ?A. You and Steve are my teachers.

exerciseYes or no ?

1. Are you a student ? .. Yes, I am a student.2. Is your teacher a woman ? .. Yes, my teacher is a woman.3. Are you from England ? .. No, I am not from England but I’m

from Brazil. 4. Is there a bag under your chair ?Yes, there is a bag under my

chair.5. Is the word ‘book’ singular ? .. Yes, the word ‘book’ is singular.6. Is the word ‘chairs’ singular ? .. No, the word chairs is not singular

but it is plural. 7. Is it Saturday today ? .. No, it is not Saturday today.8. Is a mouse a big animal ? .. No, a mouse is not a big animal.9. Is Brazil a hot country ? .. Yes, Brazil is a hot country.10. Is yes the opposite of no ? .. Yes, yes is the opposite of no.

end of page 16


Unit 2

the months of the year

January February March AprilMay June July AugustSeptember October November December

There are 12 months in a year.

Q. How many months are there in a year ?A. There are 12 months in a year.

Q. What are the months of the year ?A. The months of the year are January, February, March, April, May, June, July, August, September, October, November, December.

Q. Which month is between September and November ?A. October is between September and November.

Q. Which month is after April ?A. May is after April.

now

Q. Which country are you from ?A. I am from Brazil.

Q. Which country are you in now ?A. I am in England now.

Q. Where is the pen ?A. The pen is in your hand.

Q. Where is the pen now ?A. The pen is on the table now.

Q. Is it June now ?A. No, it isn’t June now but it’s January now.

Q. Is it hot or cold in your country now ?A. It’s cold in my country now the four seasons


Spring Summer Autumn Winter

Q. What are the four seasons ?A. The four seasons are : spring, summer, autumn, winter.

Q. Which season is it now ?A. It is winter now.

Q. Is it cold in summer ?A. No, it isn’t cold in summer.

Q. Is January in winter ?A. Yes, January is in winter.

Q. Are July and August in winter ?A. No, July and August aren’t in winter.

end of page 17

adj. first adj. last

eg. A is the first letter of the alphabet. Z is the last letter of the alphabet.

Q. What is the first letter of the alphabet ?A. A is the first letter of the alphabet.

Q. What is the last letter of the alphabet ?A. Z is the last letter of the alphabet.

Q. What is the last month of the year ?A. December is the last month of the year.

Q. What is the first day of the week ?A. Monday is the first day of the week.

Q. What is the last day of the week ?A. Sunday is the last day of the week.

Q. What is the first letter of your name ?A. C is the first letter of my name.


a / an n. umbrella

We say a mouse but we say an elephant.We say a book but we say an umbrella.We say ‘a’ before a consonant but we say ‘an’ before a vowel

Q. Is a mouse small ?A. Yes, a mouse is small.

Q. Is an elephant big ?A. Yes, an elephant is big.

Q. Is there an umbrella in the classroom ?A. No, there isn’t an umbrella in the classroom.

n. animal n. dog n. cat

A cat is an animal.A dog is an animalWe say an before the word animal an animal

Q. Is a mouse an animal ?A. Yes, a mouse is an animal.

Q. Is a mouse a small animal ?A. Yes, a mouse is a small animal.

Q. Is an elephant an animal ?A. Yes, an elephant is an animal.

Q. Is an elephant a small animal ?A. No, an elephant isn’t a small animal.

Q. Is a dog an animal ?A. Yes, a dog is an animal.

Q. Is a cat an animal ?A. Yes, a cat is an animal.

Numbers from 20 to 10020 = twenty 30 = thirty 40 = forty50 = fifty 60 = sixty 70 = seventy80 = eighty 90 = ninety 100 = one hundred


Q. Say the number: 40 82 33 55 71 22A. Forty, eighty two, thirty three, fifty five, seventy one, twenty two.

end of page 18

n. address

house/ flat number + street / road + city + postcode + country

exerciseMy address is:

..19 Princess Street.............................. (number and street/road)

..London............................................... (city)

..SW 19 8 ST....................................... (postcode)

..England..........…................................ (country)

Q. What is your address ?A. My address is 19 Princess Street, London, SW19 8 ST, England.

Q. What is the address of this school ?A. The address of this school is ..... .

Q. What is his/her address ?*A. His address is 10 King Street, London, NW6 7EP.

n. second n. minute n. hour

eg. 60 seconds = 1 minute60 minutes = 1 hour24 hours = 1 day *

Q. How many seconds are there in one minute ?A. There are 60 seconds in one minute.

Q. How many minutes are there in one hour ?A. There are 60 minutes in one hour.

Q. Are there 24 hours in a day ?A. Yes, there are 24 hours in a day.


the time

o’clockfive to five pastten to ten past(a) quarter to (a) quarter pasttwenty to twenty pasttwentyfive to twentyfive pasthalf past

n. clock n. watch

Q. Is there a clock in the classroom ?A. Yes, there is a clock in the classroom.

Q. Is a watch big or small ?A. A watch is small.

Q. Is a clock big or small ?A. A clock is big.

end of page 1920

3.00 = three o’clock

Q. What time is it ?A. It is three o’clock.

3.10 = ten past threeIt is ten past three.

Q. What time is it ?*A. It is ten past three.

3.50 = ten to fourIt is ten to four.

Q. What time is it ?*A. It is ten to four.

1/4 = a quarter 1/2 = a half


4.15 = quarter past four 4.30 = half past four 4.45 = quarter to five

Q. What time is it ?* A. It is …

Q. What time is it now ?*A. It is …

n. colour What colour ... ?

blue yellow orange greyred green brown pink

NB. My chair is blue.NOTMy chair is blue colour.

Q. What colour is your chair ?A. My chair is blue.

Q. What colour is the floor ?A. The floor is black.

Q. What colour are the chairs ?A. The chairs are blue.

Q. What colour is his/her pen ?A. His pen is red.

Q. Is my book blue ?A. Yes, your book is blue.

Q. Are the walls blue ?A. No, the walls aren’t blue but they are yellow.

Q. What colour is your hair ?A. My hair is brown.

Q. What colour are your eyes ?A. My eyes are blue.


end of page 20

n. shoes (plural) n. socks (plural) n. shirtn. jumper n. jacketn. trousers (plural) n. jeans (plural)

The words trousers and jeans are plural.We say his trousers are blue, NOT his trousers is blue.

Q. What colour are his/her shoes ?A. His/her shoes are black.

Q. What colour is his/her shirt ?A. His shirt is blue.

Q. What colour are his/her trousers ?A. Her trousers are grey.

Q. What colour are his/her socks ?A. Her socks are green.

Q. What colour is his/her jumper ?A. His jumper is blue.

Q. What colour is his/her jacket ?A. His jacket is black.

Q. Is his jacket yellow ?A. No, his jacket isn’t yellow.

Q. Are his trousers orange ?A. No, his trousers aren’t orange.

Q. Are they trousers or jeans ?A. They are trousers.

this that

Q. What colour is this pen ? (teacher’s pen)A. That pen is ...

Q. What colour is that pen ? (student’s pen)A. This pen is ...


Q. Is the board on this wall ? (teacher stands by board)A. Yes, the board is on that wall.

here there

My book is here on the table.The light is there on the ceiling.We are here in this classroom.

Q. My book is here. Where is your book ?A. My book is here.

Q. Your chair is there. Where is my chair ?A. Your chair is there.

Q. Where is your pen ?A. My pen is here.

Q. Where is the door ?A. The door is there.

Q. Where is the window ?A. The window is there.

Q. Is (student’s name) here today ?A. Yes, (student’s name) is here today.

Q. Where are you from ?A. I am from Poland.

Q. Is it hot there ?A. No, it isn’t hot there.

end of page 21

these those

The plural of this is these. The plural of that is those.eg. These books are blue. eg. Those students are from Japan.

Q. What is the plural of ‘this’ ?A. ‘These’ is the plural of ‘this’.


Q. What is the plural of ‘that’ ?A. ‘Those’ is the plural of ‘that’.

Q. What colour are these shoes ?A. Those shoes are brown.

Q. What colour are those shoes ?A. Those shoes are black.

Q. Are these chairs yellow ?A. No, those chairs aren’t yellow but they are blue.

Whose ?

Q. Whose pen is this ?A. It is your pen.

Q. Whose book is that ?A. It is my book.

Q. Whose bag is that ?A. It is her bag.

Q. Whose shoes are those ?A. They are his shoes.

’s

Whose book is that ? It is John’s book. = It is his book.Whose pens are those ? They are Anna’s pens. = They are her

pens.

Q. Is that ... ’s book ?*A. Yes, that is …’s book.

Q. What colour are ... ’s shoes ?A. …’s shoes are brown.

Q. Is this the teacher’s chair ?A. Yes, that is the teacher’s chair.

Q. What colour are ...’s eyes ?A. …’s eyes are blue.


Q. What colour is ...’s hair ?A. …’s hair is black.

n. thing

eg. This thing is a table.*That thing is a light.*

Q. What is this thing ?*A. That thing is a table.

Q. What is that thing ?*A. That thing is a light.

Q. What colour is this thing ?A. That thing is pink.

Q. What colour is that thing ?A. That thing is red.

end of page 22

n. person

Q. Are you a person or a thing ?A. I am a person.

Q. Is it person or a thing ?A. It is a thing.

Q. Who is that person ?A. He/She is (Ana).

regular plurals1 book 3 books1 chair 7 chairs1 student 12 students!! Books, chairs and students are regular plurals.


irregular plurals‘men’ is an irregular plural : 1 ma n 2 men‘women’ is an irregular plural : 1 woman 2 women‘people’ is an irregular plural : 1 person 2 people

Q. What is the plural of man ?A. The plural of man is men.

Q. What is the plural of woman ?A. The plural of woman is women.

Q. What is the plural of person ?A. The plural of person is people.

Q. How many men are there in this classroom ?A. There are five men in this classroom.

Q. How many women are there in this classroom ?A. There are five women in this classroom.

Q. How many people are there in this classroom ?A. There are 10 people in this classroom.

n. family n. mother n. father n. parents

Q. What is your mother’s name ?A. My mother’s name is Emma.

Q. What is your father’s name ?A. My father’s name is David.

Q. What are your parents’ names ?A. My parents’ names are Emma and David.

Q. Where is your family from ?A. My family is from Poland.

Q. How many people are there in your family ?A. There are five people in my family.


adj. old adj. young How old ... ?

Q. How old are you ?A. I am 23.

Q. How old is your mother ?A. My mother is fifty.

Q. Is your father young ?A. No, my father is young.

Q. How old is he ?A. He is 55.

Q. Am I old ?A. No, you aren’t old.

end of page 2324

n. boy n. girln. child/children n. adult n. teenager n. baby

A teenager is a young person between thirteen and nineteen.Children is an irregular plural.

Q. What is the plural of child ?A. The plural of child is children.

Q. Is a teenager a young person ?A. Yes, a teenager is a young person.

Q. Are there children in this room ?A. No, there aren’t children in this room.

Q. Are we adults ?A. Yes, we are adults.

Q. Are you a baby ?A. No, I’m not a baby.

Q. Are there children in your family ?A. Yes, there are children in my family.


Q. Are there babies in your family ?A. No, there aren’t babies in my family.

Q. How many boys and girls are there in your family ?A. There’re two boys and one girl in my family.

big numbers

100 = a hundred135 = a hundred and thirtyfive1,000 = a thousand5,372 = five thousand three hundred and seventy two1,000,000 = a million

NB. Not three millions (plural), but three million.

Q. Say these numbers: 101 133 1200 128342,619 6,000,000 80,000,000A. One hundred and one, one hundred and thirty three, one thousand two hundred, one thousand two hundred and eighty three, forty two thousand six hundred and nineteen, six million, eighty million.

about

There are about 60 million people in Britain.About four hundred students come to this school.

Q. About how many students come to this school ?A. About 400 students come to this school.

Q. About how many people are there in your country ?A. There’re about 50 million people in my country.

Q. About how old am I ?A. You are about 25.

Q. About how old is he/she ?A. He is about 20.

Q. = question A. = answer

Question : What colour is the board ?Answer : The board is white.


Question : Where is London ?Answer : London is in England.

end of page 24

v. to ask with

We ask a question.We ask questions with the words : what, where, which, who, how many, how old.eg. What is your name ?Where are you from ?How many students are there in the classroom ?

Q. Ask (student’s name) a question with the word ‘what’.A. What is your mother’s name ?

Q. Ask (student’s name) a question with the word ‘where’.A. Where are you from ?

Q. Ask (student’s name) a question with the words ‘how many’.A. How many people are there in your family ?

Q. Ask (student’s name) a question with the words ‘how old’.A. How old is your mother ?

v. to have

I haveyou havehe / she hasit haswe haveyou havethey have

eg. I have a pen.You have brown eyes.He has a bag.She has black hair. !! he/she/it has NOT he/she/it have


questions with ‘do’ (I, you, we, they)

We ask questions with the word ‘do’ (I, you, we, they)

Question : Do I have a pen ?Answer : Yes, I have a pen

Q. Do I have a book ?Q. Do you have an umbrella ?Q. Do we have pens ?Q. Do they have bags ?

Q. Do I have a book ?A. Yes, you have a book.

Q. Do you have a pen ?A. Yes, I have a pen.

Q. Do we have chairs ?A. Yes, we have chairs.

Q. Do they have bags ?A. Yes, they have bags.

end of page 25

Q. Do I have ... hair ?*A. Yes, you have … hair.

Q. Do I have ... eyes ?*A. Yes, you have … eyes.

Q. Do you have black or brown hair ?*A. I have … hair.

Q. Do you have blue or brown eyes ?*A. I have … eyes.

Q. Do they have brown/blue/green eyes ?*A. Yes, they have … eyes.


adj. long adj. short

Q. What is the opposite of long ?A. The opposite of long is short.

Q. Do I have long or short hair ?A. You have … hair.

Q. Do you have long or short hair ?A. I have … hair.

questions with ‘does’ (he, she, it)

We ask questions with the word ‘does’ (he, she, it)

Question : Does he have a pen ? NOT Do he have a pen ?Answer : Yes, he has a pen. NOT Yes, he have a pen.

Q. Does she have long hair ?Q. Does the classroom have four walls ?

Q. Does he have a pen ?A. Yes, he has a pen.

Q. Does she have a bag ?A. Yes, she has a bag.

Q. Does he/she have a book ?A. Yes, she has a book

Q. Does the classroom have four walls ?A. Yes, the classroom has four walls.

Q. Does he/she have long or short hair ?A. He has … hair.

Q. Does he/she have brown/blue/green eyes ?*A. Yes, he has … eyes.

Q. Does he/she have black/brown/blond hair ?*A. Yes, she has … hair.


Q. What colour hair does he/she have ?A. She has … hair.

Q. What colour eyes does he/she have ?A. She has … eyes.

negative answers

We say negative answers with ‘do not’ (I , you, we, they)

Q. Do I/you/we/they have black hair ?+A. Yes I/we/you/they have black hair.A. No I/you/we/they do not have black hair.

end of page 26

We say negative answers with ‘does not’ (he, she, it)

Q. Does he/she have black hair ?+A. Yes he/she has black hair. NOT Yes he have ...A. No he/she does not have black hair. NOT No he does not has

...Q. Do I have a bag ?A. No, you don’t have an umbrella.

Q. Do I have an umbrella ?A. No, you don’t have an umbrella.

Q. Do you have blue/brown eyes ?*A. Yes, I have … eyes.

Q. Do you have long/short hair ?*A. No, I don’t have … hair.

Q. Does he/she have blue/brown eyes ?*A. Yes, she has … eyes.

Q. Does he/she have black/brown hair ?*A. No, she doesn’t have … hair.

Q. Does he/she have long/short hair ?*A. Yes, she has … hair.


Q. Does the classroom have red walls ?A. No, the classroom doesn’t have red walls.

Q. Do we have yellow chairs ?A. No, we don’t have yellow chairs.

Q. Do they have umbrellas ?A. Yes, they have umbrellas.

n. house n. gardenn. flat n. swimming pool

Q. Do you have a house or a flat in your country ?A. I have a … in my country.

Q. Does your house/flat have a garden ?A. No, my … doesn’t have a garden.

Q. Is there a swimming pool in your city ?A. Yes, there is a swimming pool in my city.

n. home n. schoolat home = in your house at school = in the school

Q. Are you at home ?A. No, I am not at home, but I am at school.

Q. Do you have pictures at home ?A. Yes, I have pictures at home.

Q. Do you have a swimming pool at home ?A. No, I don’t have a swimming pool at home.

Q. Do you have a garden at home ?A. Yes, I have a garden at home.

n. computer n. car n. telephone n. television

Q. Is there a television in the classroom ?A. No, there isn’t a television in the classroom.

Q. Do you have a television at home ?A. Yes, I have a television at home.


Q. Is there a computer in the classroom ?A. No, there isn’t a computer in the classroom.

Q. Do you have a computer at home ?A. No, I don’t have a computer at home.

end of page 27

Q. Do you have a car ?A. No, I don’t have a car.

Q. Do you have a telephone ?A. Yes, I have a telephone.

Q. Where is it ?*A. It’s at home.

Q. Do you have a telephone in your bag ?A. No, I don’t have a telephone in my bag.

n. sister n. brother

Q. Do you have brothers and sisters ?A. Yes, I have brothers and sisters.

Q. How many do you have ?A. I have one brother and one sister.

Q. What is your brother’s name ?A. My brother’s name is Paul.

Q. What colour hair does he have ?A. He has brown hair.

Q. What colour eyes does he have ?A. He has blue eyes.

Q. What is your sister’s name ?A. My sister’s name is Susan.

Q. What colour hair does she have ?A. She has brown hair.


Q. What colour eyes does she have ?A. She has green eyes.

exercise

1. I am from ..Poland.......................... .2. He is ......from...................... Italy.3. Brazil is a .....hot....................... country.4. London is a ....big........................ city.5. The opposite of hot is ....cold........................ .6. The opposite of ......clean...................... is dirty.7. The five vowels are .a...., e..... , ..i...., .o...., .u.... .8. The days of the week are .Monday, ...Tuesday., ....Wednesday,....Thursday, ..Friday, .....Saturday, ...Sunday.9. Today is ..Tuesday.......................... .10. B is between A and C.11. Monday is ..before Tuesday.12. Wednesday.... is after Tuesday.

exercise

1. He is ....a......... man.2. It is ...an.......... umbrella.3. A.. mouse is ..an. animal.4. An elephant is ...a.... big animal.5. My shirt ...is.......... white.

end of page 28

6. His jeans .....are........ blue.7. Q. Do… you have a book ?A. Yes, I ...have... a book.8. Q. Does. she have a bag ?A. Yes, she ...has.......... a bag.9. Q. .Do.... they have umbrellas ?A. No, they ..don’t........... ...have.......... have umbrellas.10. Q. ..Does... she have a telephone in her bag ?A. No, she ...does... not ..have.... a telephone in her bag.


exerciseAnswer with a sentence.

1. Where are you from ?I am from Spain.

2. What is the opposite of black ?.....The opposite of black is white. ...3. Which day is before Saturday ?.....Friday is before Saturday. ..........4. Which day is after Tuesday ?.....Wednesday is after Tuesday. ....….5. Do you have a car ?.....No, I don’t have a car. 6. Does your mother have a computer ?....Yes, my mother has a computer.

end of page 29


Unit 3

n. jobn. teacher n. policeman (police officer)n. doctor n. dentistn. taxi driver n. secretary

eg. I have a job. I am a teacher.My mother has a job. She is a doctor.

Q. Do I have a job ?A. Yes, you have a job.

Q. What is my job ?A. You are a teacher.

Q. Does your mother have a job ?A. Yes, my mother has a job.

Q. What is her job ?A. She is a …

Q. Do you have a job ?A. Yes, I have a job.

Q. What is your job ?A. I am a ...

Q. Does he/she have a job ? Ask.A./Q. Do you have a job ?

Q. What is his job ? Ask.A./Q. What is your job ?

v. to use n. gun n. fax

I useyou usehe/she usesit useswe useyou usethey use


eg. I am a teacher. I use a pen, a book and a board in the classroom.My mother is a secretary . She uses a computer, a telephone and a fax in her job.My father is a policeman. He uses a gun in his job.

Q. What do I use in the classroom ?A. You use a pen, a book and a board in the classroom.

Q. What does a secretary use in her job ?A. A secretary uses a computer, a telephone and a fax in her job.

Q. Does a policeman use a gun in his job ?A. Yes, a policeman uses a gun in his job.

Q. Does a doctor use a gun in his/her job ?A. No, a doctor doesn’t use a gun in his job.

Q. Do we use a computer in the classroom ?A. No, we don’t use a computer in the classroom.

Q. What does a taxi driver use in his job ?A. A taxi driver uses a car in his job.

Q. What do you use in the classroom ?A. I use a pen and a book in the classroom.

end of page 30

!! We use ‘do’ in questions with I, you, we, they.We use ‘do not’ in negative answers with I, you, we, they.We use ‘does’ in questions with he, she, it.We use ‘does not’ in negative answers with he, she, it.

Q. Who uses a gun in his/her job ?A. A policeman uses a gun in his job.

Q. Who uses the board in the classroom ?A. The teacher uses the board in the classroom.

Q. Who is from (a country) in the classroom ?*A. Mickey is from (a country) in the classroom.


n. bed n. bath n. roomn. bedroom n. bathroom n. living room

Q. Do you have a house or a flat ?A. I have a ... .

Q. How many rooms are there in your house/flat ?A. There are … rooms in my … .

Q. Is there a bed in the classroom ?A. No, there isn’t a bed in the classroom.

Q. Do you have a bed in your bedroom ?A. Yes, I have a bed in my bedroom.

Q. Is there a bath in the classroom ?A. No, there isn’t a bath in the classroom.

Q. Do you have a bath in your bathroom ?A. Yes, I have a bath in my bathroom.

Q. Do you have a living room in your house/flat ?A. Yes, I have a living room in my … .

Q. Where is the television in your house/flat ?A. The television is in the living room.

v. to like

I likeyou likehe/she likeswe likeyou likethey like

Q. Do you like your house/flat ?A. Yes, I like my … .

Q. Do you like a clean bed?A. Yes, I like a clean bed.


Q. Do you like a dirty bathroom ?A. No, I don’t like a dirty bathroom.

Q. Do you like my shirt/trousers/jumper ?A. Yes, I like your … .

Q. Do you like the chairs in your living room ?A. Yes, I like the chairs in my living room.

n. tea n. coffee n. milk

Q. What colour is milk ?A. Milk is white.

Q. Do you like tea ?A. No, I don’t like tea.

Q. Do you like coffee ?A. Yes, I like coffee.

end of page 31

with without n. sugar

white coffee = coffee with milkblack coffee = coffee without milk

Q. What is white coffee ?A. White coffee is coffee with milk.

Q. What is black coffee ?A. Black coffee is coffee without milk.

Q. Do you like black coffee ?A. Yes, I like black coffee.

Q. Do you like tea/coffee with or without sugar ?A. I like … … sugar.

v. to prefer

I like coffee but I prefer tea.I like cats but I prefer dogs.


Q. Do you prefer cats or dogs ?A. I prefer … .

Q. Do you prefer tea or coffee ?A. I prefer … .

Q. Do you prefer my shirt or your shirt ?A. I prefer … shirt.

v. to eat v. to drinkn. food n. watern. bread n. winen. rice

Q. What colour is wine ?A. Wine is red and white.

Q. Do you like wine ?A. Yes, I like wine.

Q. Do you eat rice ?A. Yes, I eat rice.

Q. Do you drink wine ?A. Yes, I drink wine.

Q. Which do you prefer, red wine or white wine ?A. I prefer … wine.

Q. Do you eat bread ?A. Yes, I eat bread.

Q. Which do you prefer, white bread or brown bread ?A. I prefer … bread.

adj. good adj. bad

Q. Are you a good student ?A. Yes, I’m a good student.

Q. Do you have good wine in your country ?A. No, we don’t have good wine in my country.


Q. Is it a good picture or a bad picture ?*A. It is a … picture.

v. to think

I think it is a good picture. (teacher points)

Question : What do you think ?Positive answer : I think it is a good picture.Negative answer : I do not think it is a good picture.

end of page 32

Q. I think English food is good. What do you think ?A. I think English food is bad .

Q. I don’t think England is a cold country ? What do you think ?A. I think England is a cold country.

Q. Do you think it is a good picture ?*A. No, I don’t think it’s a good picture.

Q. What do you think ?* A. I think … .

Q. Do you think he/she is a good student ?A. Yes, I think he is a good student.

very quite

An elephant is a very big animal.England is quite cold.

Q. Is an elephant a very big animal ?A. Yes, an elephant is a very big animal.

Q. Do you think a mouse is a very small animal ?A. Yes, I think a mouse is a very small animal.

Q. Do you think it is hot or cold today ?A. I think it’s … today.


Q. Quite hot/cold or very hot/cold ?A. …

Q. Do you think it is a good picture ?A. No, I think it’s a bad picture.

Q. Quite good/bad or very good/bad ?A. Quite bad.

Q. Do you think London is quite big or very big ?A. I think London is very big.

Q. Do you think your country is big or small ?A. I think my country is … .

Q. Quite big/small or very big/small ?A. … .

n. flag*

Q. Does your country have a flag ?A. Yes, my country has a flag.

Q. What colour is it ?A. It is … and … .

Q. What colour is this flag ?A. That flag is blue and white.

Q. Is the flag of your country in this picture ?A. No, the flag of my country isn’t in that picture.

Q. Which flag is it ?A. It is the flag of … .

n. country n. nationality n. language

England British EnglishAmerica American EnglishBrazil Brazilian PortugueseJapan Japanese JapaneseKorea Korean KoreanPoland Polish Polish


Colombia Colombian SpanishItaly Italian ItalianChina Chinese Chinese

end of page 33

v. to speak

I speak English.He speaks French.An English person speaks English.A Colombian person speaks Spanish.

Q. What language do I speak ?A. You speak …

Q. What language do you speak ?A. I speak … .

Q. What language does a Polish person speak ?A. A Polish person speaks Polish.

Q. What language does a Spanish person speak ?A. A Spanish person speaks Spanish.

Q. Does a French person speak Japanese ?A. No, a French person doesn’t speak Japanese.

Q. Do you speak French ?A. No, I don’t speak French.

Q. What language does he/she speak ? Ask.A./Q. What language do you speak ?

so

eg. I don’t like milk, so I prefer black coffee.I am from England, so I am British and I speak English.He is from Colombia, so he is Colombian and he speaks Spanish.

Q. Where are you from ?A. I am ...


Q. So, what nationality are you and what language do you speak ?A. I am ... and I speak ...

Q. Where is he/she from ?A. He / she is from ...

Q. So, what nationality is he/she and what language does he/she speak ?A. He/she is ... and he/she speaks ...

n. home = your house/flat at home = in your houseat school = in the school/classroom

Q. Are you at home ?A. No, I’m not at home.

Q. So, where are you ?A. I’m at school.

Q. Do you speak English at home ?A. No, I don’t speak English at home.

Q. So, what language do you speak at home ?A. I speak Japanese at home.

v. to go (there) v. to come (here)

eg. We come here to speak English.We go home after school.He comes here on Mondays.He does not come here on Saturdays.!! We say he goes, she goes, it goes.

Q. Do you come here on Mondays ?A. Yes, I come here on Mondays.

Q. Do you come here on Sundays ?A. No, I don’t come here on Sundays.

end of page 34

Q. Do you go home after school ?A. Yes I go home after school.


Q. Where do you go after school ?A. I go home after school.

n. breakfast n. morning When ... ?n. lunch n. afternoonn. dinner n. evening

eg. We have breakfast in the morning.We have lunch in the afternoon.We have dinner in the evening.!! We have breakfast, lunch and dinner.

Q. When do you have breakfast ?A. I have breakfast in the morning.

Q. When do you have lunch ?A. I have lunch in the afternoon.

Q. When do you have dinner ?A. I have dinner in the evening.

Q. Do you have breakfast at home ?A. Yes, I have breakfast at home.

Q. Do you eat dinner there ?A. Yes, I eat dinner there.

Q. Do you come here in the morning or the afternoon ?A. I come here in the morning.

Q. Does he/she have breakfast/lunch before he/she comes here ? Ask.A. Do you have breakfast before you come here.

adv. always = 100 %adv. never = 0%adv. ever We use ever in questions.

Q. Do you ever have breakfast in the evening ?A. No, I never have breakfast in the evening, but I always have breakfast in the morning.

Q. Do you ever have breakfast in the evening ?A. No, I never have breakfast in the evening.


Q. Do you ever have lunch in the afternoon ?A. Yes, I always have lunch in the afternoon.

Q. Do you ever come to school on Saturdays ?A. No, I never come to school on Saturdays.

Q. Do you ever speak English in the classroom ?A. Yes, I always speak English in the classroom.

Q. Do you ever use a computer in the classroom ?A. No, I never use a computer in the classroom.

Q. Do you ever have lunch in the classroom ?A. No, I never have lunch in the classroom.

adv. sometimes = 10 50 % n. restaurantadv. usually = 80%

I usually have dinner at home, but sometimes I have dinner in a restaurant.I don’t always drink tea for breakfast. I usually drink tea, but I sometimes drink coffee.

Q. Do you usually have dinner at home or in a restaurant?A. I usually have dinner at home.

Q. Do you always have dinner at home ?A. No, I do not always have dinner at home, but sometimes I have dinner in a restaurant.

end of page 35

Q. What do you usually drink with your breakfast ?A. I usually drink … with my breakfast.

Q. Do you always drink ... with your breakfast ?A. No, I don’t always drink my … with my breakfast.

Q. What language do you usually speak at home ?A. I usually speak … at home.

Q. Do you always speak ... at home ?A. Yes, I always speak … at home.


Use always, usually, sometimes or never in your answers.

Q. Do you ever come to school on Mondays ?A. Yes, I always come to school on Mondays.

Q. Do you ever speak your language at home ?A. Yes, I always speak my language at home.

Q. Do you ever drink wine with your dinner ?A. Yes, I sometimes drink wine with my dinner.

Q. Do you ever eat lunch here in the school ?A. Yes, I sometimes eat lunch here in the school.

Q. Does the teacher ever speak your language in the classroom ?A. No, the teacher never speaks my language in the classroom.

Q. Do you ever eat dinner in a restaurant ?A. Yes, I sometimes eat dinner in a restaurant.

Q. Does he/she ever use a computer at home ? Ask.A./Q. Do you ever use a computer at home ?

Q. Does he/she ever eat rice for breakfast ? Ask..A./Q, Do you ever eat rice for breakfast ?

Q. Does he/she ever use a gun ? Ask.A./Q. Do you ever use a gun ?

n. musicrock heavy metal classicalpop jazz opera

adj. favourite kind(s) of

eg. Dogs, cats, elephants and mice are kinds of animals.I quite like cats and dogs, but my favourite animals are elephants.eg. Rock, pop and classical are kinds of music.I quite like jazz and classical, but my favourite music is pop.

Q. What kinds of animals do you like ?A. I like …


Q. What is your favourite animal ?A. My favourite animal is a …

Q. What kinds of music do you like ?A. I like … and … music.

Q. What is your favourite music ?A. … is my favourite music.

Q. What is your favourite kind of car ?A. A Ferrari is my favourite kind of car.

Q. What is his/her favourite colour ? Ask.A.Q. What is your favourite colour ?

to listen (to) n. radio

eg. I listen to music on the radio.I listen to music in my car.

Q. Do you have a radio ?A. Yes, I have a radio.

Q. Do you ever listen to music on the radio ?A. Yes, I sometimes listen to music on the radio.

Q. What kind of music do you usually listen to ?A. I usually listen to … .

Q. Do you ever listen to heavy metal ?A. No, I never listen to heavy metal.

end of page 36

Q. Do you ever listen to classical music ?A. Yes, I sometimes listen to classical music.

Q. Does he/she ever listen to pop music ? Ask*A.Q. Do you ever listen to pop music ?


exerciseWhat kind of music do we listen to ?

teacher / studentusually (favourite) ..I usually listen to pop music.............. He usually listens to ………sometimes ............. I sometimes listen to classical music. .He sometimes listens to …..sometimes ..............I sometimes listen to jazz music..........He sometimes listens to …..never ......................I never listen to heavy metal...……….He never listens to ………...

v. to watch n. television n. filmn. sportn. the news

eg. I usually watch television in the evening.We watch the news on television.

Q. Do you have a television ?A. Yes, I have a television.

Q. Do you ever watch sport on television ?A. Yes, I sometimes watch sport on television.

Q. What kind of sport ?A. Football.

Q. Do you ever watch films on television ?A. Yes, I sometimes watch films on television.

Q. Do you ever watch the news on television ?A. Yes, I sometimes watch the news on television.

Q. What is his/her favourite film ? Ask.A./Q. What is your favourite film ?

Q. Does he/she like sport ? Ask.A./Q. Do you like sport ?

Q. What is his/her favourite sport ? Ask.A./Q. What is your favourite sport ?© Avalon Book Company Ltd. 55

v. to understand

Q. Do you understand English radio ?A. No, I don’t understand English radio.

Q. Do you understand English television ?A. Yes, I sometimes understand English television.

Q. Do you understand the news in English ?A. No, I don’t understand the news in English.

Q. Do you always understand me ?A. Yes, I always understand you.

Q. Do you think men understand women ?A. Yes, I think men understand women.

Q. Do you think women understand men ?A. No, I don’t think women understand men.

Q. Do you ever listen to English music ?A. Yes, I sometimes listen to English music.

Q. When you listen to English music, do you always understand the words ?A. No, I don’t always understand the words.

end of page 37

adj. easy adj. difficult n. lesson

2+2 = ? This question is easy. This is an English lesson.447x375 = ? This question is difficult.

Q. Do you think it is easy to understand your language ?A. Yes, I think it’s easy to understand my language.

Q. Do you think it is easy to understand English ?A. No, I don’t think it’s easy to understand English.

Q. Do you always come to the lesson ?A. No, I don’t always come to the lesson.


Q. Do you think this lesson is quite easy ?A. Yes, I think this lesson is quite easy.

Q. Is it easy to use a telephone ?A. Yes, it’s easy to use a telephone.

Q. Is it difficult to use a computer ?A. Yes, it’s difficult to use a computer.

Q. Do you think my job is easy or difficult ?A. I think your job is … .

Q. Very easy/difficult or quite easy/difficult ?A. … .

the same (as) adj. different

eg. English and American people are different, but they speak the same language.I don’t speak the same language as you but I speak a different language.

Q. Is your flag the same as the British flag ?A. No, my flag isn’t the same as the British flag.

Q. Is your language the same as English ?A. No, my language isn’t the same as English.

Q. Do we speak the same language ?A. No, we don’t speak the same language.

Q. Is this chair the same colour as that chair ?A. Yes, that chair is the same colour as this chair.

Q. Is classical music the same as pop music ?A. No, classical music isn’t the same as pop music.

Q. Do you always have the same thing for breakfast ?A. No, I don’t always have the same thing for breakfast.


adv. generally = usually

Q. What language do you generally speak at home ?A. I generally speak ... at home.

Q. What language do you speak at this school ?A. I speak English at this school.

Q. What do you generally have for breakfast ?A. I generally have toast and cereal for breakfast.

Q. What kind of music do you generally listen to ?A. I generally listen to … .

n. noun

The word elephant is a noun.The word table is a noun. !! We use nouns for things.The word people is a plural noun.

Q. Is the word mouse a noun ?A. Yes, the word mouse is a noun.

Q. Is the word cat a noun ?A. Yes, the word cat is a noun.

Q. Is it a singular or plural noun ?A. It’s a singular noun.

end of page 38

Q. Is the word chairs a noun ?A. Yes, the word chairs is a noun.

Q. Is it a singular or plural noun ?A. It’s a plural noun.

n. action

To listen is an action.To eat is an action.To drink is an action.


Q. Is to eat an action ?A. Yes, to eat is an action.

Q. Is to listen an action ?A. Yes, to listen is an action.

Q. Is to drink an action ?A. Yes, to drink is an action.

Q. Is to speak an action ?A. Yes, to speak is an action.

n. verb !! We use verbs for actions.

Q. Is to listen a verb ?A. Yes, to listen is a verb.

Q. Is to eat a verb ?A. Yes, to eat is a verb.

Q. Is the word elephant a verb ?A. No, the word elephant isn’t a verb.

Q. So, what is it ?A. It is a noun.

I watch television. to watch = verbtelevision = noun

I listen to music. to listen = verbmusic = noun

Q. What is the verb in these sentences ?I come to school.A. The verb is to come.

I use a book at school.A. The verb is to use.

This flag is red, white and blue.A. The verb is to be.

You are a student.A. The verb is to be.


n. adjective

The words big and small, clean and dirty, hot and cold are adjectives.

!! We usually use adjectives before nouns.eg. Scotland is a cold country.He has a big dog.

Q. Is the word big an adjective ?A. Yes, the word big is an adjective.

Q. Is the word hot an adjective ?A. Yes, the word hot is an adjective.

Q. Is the word red an adjective ?A. Yes, the word red is an adjective.

Q. Is the word gun an adjective ?A. No, the word gun isn’t an adjective.

Q. Is the word listen an adjective ?A. No, the word listen isn’t an adjective.

end of page 39

Q. What are the adjectives in these sentences ?a. Brazil is a big, hot country.A. Big and hot are the adjectives.

b. My shoes are clean.A. Clean is the adjective.

c. An elephant is a big animal.A. Big is the adjective.

She likes brown sugar in her coffee.Q. What is the verb in this sentence ?A. To like is the verb.

Q. What are the two nouns in this sentence ?A. Sugar and coffee are the two nouns.


Q. What is the adjective in this sentence ?A. Brown is the adjective.

exerciseWhich of these words are adjectives, verbs or nouns ?

be flag like horrible haveTuesday easy blue think understandgirl dirty alphabet policeman different

adjective verb noun.horrible…….. be………… flag……….easy................. like ………. Tuesday… .blue................. have ……… girl………. .dirty................. think ……. . alphabet….different........... understand . policeman..

end of page 40


Unit 4

v. to teach v. to study

Q. Do you teach English ?A. No, I don’t teach English.

Q. Do I study English ?A. No, you don’t study English.

Q. What language does he/she study ?A. She studies English.

Q. Do you ever study English at home ?A. Yes, I sometimes study English at home.

present continuous

We use the present continuous for an action we are doing now.eg. I am teaching. (now)You are studying. (now)

present continuous of the verb to listen

subject to be verb + ingI am listeningyou are listeninghe/she is listeningwe are listeningyou are listeningthey are listening

Q. Are you listening to me ?+A. Yes, I am listening to you.

Q. Are you watching television ?A. No, I am not watching television.

Q. Are you speaking English ?A. Yes, I am speaking English.

Q. Are you speaking (student’s language) ?A. No, I am not speaking ...


Q. Are you studying English ?A. Yes, I am studying English.

Q. Am I speaking English ?A. Yes, you are speaking English.

Q. Are you listening to me ?A. Yes, I am listening to you.

Q. Are you watching television ?A. No, I am not watching television.

end of page 41

v. to sit v. to stand

Q. Are you sitting or standing ?A. I’m sitting.

Q. Am I sitting or standing ?A. You’re standing.

Q. Where are you sitting ?A. I’m sitting on my chair.

Q. Who is sitting between (student’s name) and (student’s name) ?A. (student’s name) is sitting between (student’s name) and (student’s name).

present simple and present continuous

The present simple and the present continuous are different.We use the present simple for an action we do generally.

eg. I drink tea in the morning.

We use the present continuous for an action we are doing now.

eg. I am sitting on the chair.I am not using a computer now, but I use a computer at home.I am not watching television now, but I usually watch television in the evening.


Q. Are you listening to the radio ?A. No, I’m not listening to the radio.

Q. Do you ever listen to the radio ?A. Yes, I sometimes listen to the radio.

Q. Are you watching TV ?A. No, I’m not watching TV.

Q. Do you ever watch TV in the evenings ?A. Yes, I sometimes watch TV in the evenings.

Q. Are you drinking coffee ?A. No, I’m not drinking coffee.

Q. Do you drink coffee for breakfast ?A. Yes, I sometimes drink coffee for breakfast.

Q. Is he using a computer ?A. No, he isn’t using a computer.

Q. What does he use in the classroom ?A. He uses a pen and a book in the classroom.

Q. Are you speaking (student’s language) ?A. No, I’m not speaking (student’s language).

Q. Do you speak (student’s language) ?A. Yes, I speak (student’s language).

Q. Listen to these sentences are they ‘simple’ or ‘continuous’I am speaking to you.A. Continuous.

I speak English.A. Simple.

I watch television in the evening.A. Simple.

They are listening to me.A. Continuous.


I am eating bread.A. Continuous.

I eat breakfast in the morning.A. Simple.

Q. When do we use the present simple ?A. We use the present simple for an action we do generally.

Q. Say a sentence in the present simple.A. I study English on Monday.

Q. When do we use the present continuous ?A. We use the present continuous for an action we are doing now.

Q. Say a sentence in the present continuous.A. I am sitting on a chair.

end of page 42

adj. right adj. wrong

There is five chairs. wrongThere are five chairs. rightbrekfist wrong spellingbreakfast right spellingI am speak English. wrongI am speaking English. right

Q. Listen to these sentences : are they right or wrong ?

The plural of person is persons.A. Wrong.

The plural of person is people.A. Right.

A is after B.A. Wrong.

C is after B.A. Right


I am speak English.A. Wrong.

I am speaking English.A. Right.

I am sit on a chair.A. Wrong.

I am sitting on a chair.A. Right.

Q. Is this the right spelling ?*i. Wensday wrong ii. wich wrong iii. brakefast wrongii. iv. vegetable right v. ciling – wrong.

Q. London is in England. Am I right ?A. Yes, you are right.

Q. Paris is in Germany. Am I right ?A. No, you are wrong.

Q. Where is Tokyo ?A. Tokyo is in Japan.

Q. Is he/she right ?A. Yes, he is right.

why ? because

We use why in questions and because in answers.

Question : Why do you drink black coffee ?Answer : Because I don’t like milk.

Q. Why are you here ?A. Because I am studying English.

The plural of man is mans.Q. Is that right ?A. No, it is wrong.


Q. Why is it wrong ?A. Because the plural of man is men.

I am teach English ?Q. Is that right ?A. No, it is wrong.Q. Why is it wrong ?A. Because we say : I am teaching English.

end of page 43

kinds of food

n. fruit n. vegetables n. meat n. fishn. apple n. potato n. beefn. orange n. carrot n. chickenn. drink n. tomaton. banana n. lettucen. beer

a lot of not a lot of

English people drink a lot of beer.Japanese people eat a lot of rice.I eat a lot of carrots because they are my favourite vegetables.I don’t eat a lot of fish because I don’t like it.

Q. Do you eat meat ?A. Yes, I eat meat.

Q. Do you prefer chicken or beef ?A. I prefer … .

Q. What is your favourite drink ?A. My favourite drink is … .

Q. Do you drink a lot of it ?A. Yes, I drink a lot of it.

Q. What is your favourite fruit ?A. … are my favourite fruit.


Q. Do you eat a lot of fruit ?A. Yes, I eat a lot of fruit.

Q. What colour are :a. carrots A. Carrots are orange.

b. tomatoesA. Tomatoes are red.

c. lemonsA. Lemons are yellow.

Q. Are apples always the same colour ?A. No, apples are not always the same colour.

Q. Do you have a lot of books at home ?A. Yes, I have a lot of books at home.

Q. About how many ?A. About a hundred.

Q. Are there a lot of cinemas in this city ?A. Yes, there are a lot of cinemas in this city.

v. to readn. newspaper n. magazine

Q. Do you read a newspaper ?A. Yes, I read a newspaper.

Q. Which newspaper do you usually read ?A. I usually read ‘The Sun’.

Q. Do you ever read English newspapers ?A. Yes, I sometimes read English newspapers.

Q. Do you understand English newspapers ?A. No, I don’t understand English newspapers.

Q. Do you read magazines ?A. Yes, I read magazines.


Q. What kind of magazines ? (sport, fashion, music, car)A. I read fashion magazines.

Q. Do you ever read in bed ?A. Yes, I sometimes read in bed.

end of page 44

v. to write (to)n. letter n. postcard n. friend

Q. Do you have a lot of friends in this city ?A. Yes, I have a lot friends in this city.

Q. Do you ever go to the cinema/pub with your friends ?A. Yes, I sometimes go to the pub with my friends.

Q. Who writes on the board ?A. The teacher writes on the board.

Q. Do you ever write letters in English ?A. No, I never write letters in English.

Q. Do you ever write postcards to your friends ?A. Yes, I sometimes write postcards to my friends.

Q. Do your friends ever write letters to you ?A. Yes, my friends sometimes write letters to me.

v. to live (in)

I am from Scotland but I live in London.

Q. Do you live in a house or a flat ?A. I live in a … .

Q. Where does he/she live ? Ask!A. Where do you live ?

Q. Who lives in the White House ?A. The President lives in the White House.


Q. Which month is it now ?A. It is … now.

Q. What is your first name ?A. My first name is … .

Q. Are you studying English ?A. Yes, I’m studying English .

Q. Do you ever study at home ?A. Yes, I sometimes study at home.

Q. Do you eat a lot of fish ?A. No, I don’t eat a lot of fish.

Q. What do you usually drink when you go to the pub ?A. I usually drink … when I go to the pub.

v. to putn. key n. money n. pocket n. wallet

I am putting my pen on the table.I am putting my money in my pocket.

Q What am I doing ? (pen on table)A. You’re putting your pen on the table.

Q. What am I doing ? (thing in pocket)A. You’re putting your (thing) in your pocket.

Q. Put your book on the floor.Q. What is he/she doing ?

Q. What do you have in your pocket ?A. I have a wallet in my pocket.

Q. Where do you put your money ?A. I put my money in my wallet.

Q. How many keys do you have ?A. I have … keys.


end of page 45

Q. What do you put in your bag before you come to school ?A. I put a book and a pen in my bag before I come to school.

Q. Do you put a lot of sugar in your coffee ?A. Yes, I put a lot of sugar in my coffee.

Q. What do you put :a. on a plate ?A. I put food on a plate.

b. on your cereal ? A. I put milk on my cereal.

c. in your fridge ?A. I put eggs in my fridge.

n. envelope n. stamp n. post box* n. paper

We write a letter on paper.We put the letter in an envelope.We put a stamp on the envelope.

Q. Do you write a lot of letters ?A. Yes, I write a lot of letters.

Q. Who do you write to ?A. I write to my friends.

Q. Do you always use white paper ?A. Yes, I always use white paper.

Q. What do we put on an envelope ?A. We put a stamp on an envelope.

Q. Where do we put letters and postcards ?A. We put letters and postcards in a post box.

Q. What colour are the post boxes in your country ?A. The post boxes in my country are red.


adv. a lot adv. not a lot

We use a lot of before a noun.We use a lot without a noun.

eg. I write a lot of letters.I read a lot.

Q. Do you read a lot ?A. Yes, I read a lot.

Q. Do you sleep a lot ?A. Yes, I sleep a lot.

Q. Do you study a lot ?A. No, I don’t study a lot.

Q. Do you go to the cinema a lot ?A. No, I don’t go to the cinema a lot.

to call n. phone number n. code

We write : 0171 379 1998code number

We say : O*onesevenone threesevennine onedouble nineeight

• We do not say ‘zero’ for telephone numbers in English, but we use the letter ‘O’.

•

Q. What is your telephone number ?A. My telephone number is : 0181 645 7651.

Q. What is the code for your city/country ?A. The code for my city is : 0181.

Q. What is the telephone number of this school ?A. The telephone number of this school is : 0171 379 1998.

Q. Do you call your parents a lot ?A. Yes, I call my parents a lot.


Q. Do you usually call your friends in the evening ?A. Yes, I usually call my friends in the evening.

Q. What number do you call for the police in your country ?A. We call 997 for the police in my country.

Q. In this country ?A. We call 997 in this country.

end of page 4647

v. to give

I am giving you my book.*orI am giving my book to you.

Q. What am I doing ?A. You are giving me your book.

Q. Do your mother and father ever give you money ?A. Yes, my mother and father sometimes give me money.

Q. Who do you give your telephone number to ?A. I give my telephone number to my friends.

n. example (of)

An apple is an example of a fruit.Small is an example of an adjective.

Q. Give me an example of an animal ?A. A dog (is an example of an animal).

Q. Give me an example of :a. a fruit A. An apple is an example of a fruit.

b. a vegetableA. A carrot is an example of a vegetable.


c. a colour.A. Red is an example of a colour.

Q. Give me an example of :a. a verb A. To study is an example of a verb.

b. a noun A. Dog is an example of a noun.

c. an adjective.A. Big is an example of an adjective.

Q. Give me an example of a good job.A. A policeman is an example of a good job.

Q. Give me an example of the present simple.A. I am a policeman.

Q. Give me an example of the present continuous.A. I’m studying English.

for example eg.

I like a lot of vegetables; for example, carrots, potatoes and tomatoes.Plural nouns are sometimes irregular, eg. men, children and mice.

to know

I know your name, but I don’t know your address.

Q. Do you know my name ?A. Yes, I know your name.

Q. Do you know the alphabet ?A. Yes, I know the alphabet.

Q. Say it.A. A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z.


Q. Do you know the spelling of breakfast ?A. Yes, I know the spelling of breakfast.

Q. What is it ?A. BREAKFAST.

Q. Do you know the plural of that ?A. Yes, I know the plural of that.

Q. What is it ?A. The plural of that is those.

Q. Do you know your telephone number ?A. Yes, I know my telephone number.

Q. Do you know my telephone number ?A. No, I don’t know your telephone number.

Q. Do you know the address of this school ?A. Yes, I know the address of this school.

Q. What is it ?A. It is 8 Denmark Street, London WC2H 8LS.

Q. Do you give your telephone number to people you don’t know ?A. No, I don’t give my telephone number to people I don’t know.

end of page 4748

n. gerund (1)

The gerund is a verb + ingeg. doing, having, asking, using, eating, drinking, beingWe sometimes use the gerund after verbs.

to like + gerund v. to prefer + gerund

We use the gerund after the verb ‘to like’ and the verb ‘to prefer’.eg. I like drinking wine but I prefer drinking beer.I don’t like watching television in the morning. I prefer listening to the radio.


!! These sentences are NOT present continuous but they are present simple + gerund.

Q. Do you like reading letters from your friends ?A. Yes, I like reading letters from my friends.

Q. Do you prefer reading or writing letters ?A. I prefer reading letters.

Q. Do you read magazines a lot ?A. Yes, I read magazines a lot.

Q. What magazines do you like reading ?A. I like reading fashion and sport magazines.

Q. Do you prefer studying or watching television ?A. I prefer watching television.

Q. Do you like going to the cinema with your friends ?A. Yes, I like going to the cinema with my friends.

Q. What do you like doing on Sundays ?A. I like playing football on Sundays.

Q. Does he/she like studying English ? Ask.A. Do you like studying English ?

v. to sing v. to dance (to music)n. song

Q. Do you like dancing ?A. Yes, I like dancing.

Q. What kind of music do you like dancing to ?A. I like dancing to pop music.

Q. Do you like singing ?A. Yes, I like singing.

Q. Do you ever sing in the bath ?A. Yes, I sometimes sing in the bath.


Q. What is your favourite song at the moment ?A. ‘Yesterday’ is my favourite song at the moment.

Q. Do you ever dance in the evening ?A. Yes, I sometimes dance in the evening.

adv. often

eg. I often go to the cinema.I usually go to the cinema on Saturday afternoons.

Q. Do you often go to the cinema ?A. Yes, I often go to the cinema.

Q. Do you often go to the pub after school ?A. Yes, I often go to the pub after school.

Q. What do you usually drink ?A. I usually drink … .

end of page 4849Q. Do you often drink wine with your dinner ?A. Yes, I often drink wine with my dinner.

Q. Do you usually drink red or white wine ?A. I usually drink white wine.

Q. Are you often at home in the evening ?A. Yes, I’m often at home in the evening.

Q. What do you usually do ?A. I usually watch television.

Q. Do you prefer reading newspapers or magazines ?A. I prefer reading magazines.

Q. What are the two opposites of the word ‘right’ ?A. The two opposites of the word ‘right’ are ‘left’ and ‘wrong’.


Q. Give me an example of a big/small animal.A. An elephant is an example of a big animal.

Q. Do you usually call your parents or write to them ?A. I usually call my parents.

Q. Do you sit down or stand up when you:a. have a bath ?A. I sit down when I have a bath.

b. have a shower ?A.I stand up when I have a shower.

end of page 49


Unit 5

to sleep v. to work n. work

Q. Are you sleeping ?A. No, I’m not sleeping.

Q. Do you sleep a lot ?A. Yes, I sleep a lot.

Q. Do you like working ?A. No, I don’t like working.

Q. Are you at work now ?A. No, I’m not at work now.

Q. Do you have a job ?A. Yes, I have a job.

Q. Where do you work ?A. I work in Oxford Street

Q. Do you ever sleep on the floor ?A. No, I never sleep on the floor.

Q. Where do you sleep ?A. I sleep in my bed.

How long? for

Q. How long do you study for ?A. I study for 3 hours.

Q. How long do you usually sleep for ?A. I usually sleep for 8 hours.

Q. How long do you think I work for ?A. I think you work for 7 hours.

Q. How long do you generally watch television for in the evening ?A. I generally watch television for 2 hours in the evening.


Q. Do you ever read in bed ?A. Yes, I sometimes read in bed.

Q. How long for ?A. For about half an hour.

n. day n. nightduring at

We usually work during the day and sleep at night.You study English during the lesson.

Q. Do you ever work at night ?A. No, I never work at night.

Q. What kind of people work at night ?A. Policemen work at night.

Q. What do you usually do during the day ?A. I usually work during the day.

Q. What do you do during the lesson ?A. I study English during the lesson.

Q. Do you ever sleep during the lesson ?A. No, I never sleep during the lesson.

Q. How long do you study for a day ?A. I study for 3 hours a day.

Q. What does the teacher do during the lesson ?A. The teacher teaches English during the lesson.

end of page 5051Q. Do you know the colours of the Spanish Flag ?A. Yes, the colours of the Spanish flag are red, yellow and white.

Q. Do you know how many people live in your city/country ?A. Yes, about 50 million people live in my country.


Q. Who works at this school ?A. You, …, …, and … work at this school.

Q. Does he / she ever sleep in the classroom ?A. No, she never sleeps in the classroom.

Q. What do you like doing in the evening ?A. I like going to the pub in the evening.

v. to cook n. cook

Q. Do you like cooking ?A. Yes, I like cooking.

Q. Are you a good cook ?A. Yes, I’m a good cook.

Q. What kind of food do you like cooking ?A. I like cooking Chinese food.

Q. What kind of food is easy to cook ?A. Rice is easy to cook.

Q. Do you cook a lot at home ?A. Yes, I cook a lot at home.

n. soup n. pasta n. eggs

Q. How long do you cook pasta for ?A. I cook pasta for about 10 min.

Q. And rice ?A. I cook rice for about 20 min.

Q. How long do you cook eggs ?A. I cook eggs for about 5 min.

Q. Which do you prefer, pasta or rice ?A. I prefer pasta.


Q. Do you ever have soup for breakfast ?A. No, I never eat soup for breakfast.

Q. What kinds of soup do you know ?A. I know chicken, tomato, vegetable and mushroom soup.

Q. What kind of soup do you prefer ?A. I prefer tomato soup.

countable and uncountable nouns

adj. countable adj. uncountable

A lot of nouns are countable in English.Book is a countable noun we say one book, five books, ten books ...Pen is a countable noun we say one pen, five pens, ten pens ...

Q. Is ‘chair’ a countable noun ?A. Yes, ‘chair’ is a countable noun.

Q. Is ‘person’ a countable noun ?A. Yes, ‘person’ is a countable noun.

But a lot of nouns are uncountable.Water is an uncountable noun we don’t say one water, five water

...Rice is an uncountable noun we don’t say one rice, five rice ...Different kinds of food and drink are usually uncountable.pasta rice milk

end of page 51

Q. Is ‘water’ an uncountable noun ?A. Yes, ‘water’ is an uncountable noun.

Q. Is ‘bread’ a countable noun ?A. No, ‘bread’ isn’t a countable noun.

Q. Is ‘milk’ countable or uncountable ?A. ‘Milk’ is uncountable.


Q. Are these nouns countable or uncountable ?foodU pastaU bananaC riceU colourC meatU houseC hairU newsU hourC milkU wineU beerU lunchU eveningC soapU soupU moneyU poundC dollarC envelopeC

n. spoon n. knife* and fork n. chopsticks

Q. Do you use a knife and fork or chopsticks in your country ?A. We use a knife and fork in my country.

Q. Is it easy for you to use chopsticks ?A. No, it isn’t easy for me to use chopsticks.

Q. What kind of food do we eat with a spoon ?A. We eat soup and icecream with a spoon.

Q. In which countries do people use chopsticks ?A. People use chopsticks in China and Japan.

n. kitchen n. microwave n. cooker

Q. Do you have a big kitchen ?A. Yes, I have a big kitchen.

Q. Do you have a cooker in your kitchen ?A. Yes, I have a cooker in my kitchen.

Q. Do you ever use a microwave ?A. Yes, I sometimes use a microwave.

Q. What kind of food do you cook in a microwave ?A. I cook soup in a microwave.

Q. Do you prefer cooking with a microwave or a cooker ?A. I prefer cooking with a cooker.

to keep n. fridge n. freezer n. icecream

We keep milk, meat and eggs in the fridge.We keep icecream in the freezer.


Q. What do we keep in the fridge ?A. We keep milk, meat and eggs in the fridge.

Q. Where do we keep icecream ?A. We keep icecream in the freezer.

Q. Do you keep milk in the freezer ?A. No, I don’t keep milk in the freezer.

Q. So, where do you keep it ?A. I keep it in the fridge.

Q. Where do you keep your :a. keys ? A. I keep my keys in my bag.

b. money ?A. I keep my money in my wallet.

c. wallet ?A. I keep my wallet in my pocket.

Q. Where do you keep addresses and telephone numbers ?A. I keep addresses and telephone numbers in an address book.

n. cup (of) n. glass (of) n. bottle (of)

Q. Do you use a cup or a glass for :a. wine A. I use a glass for wine.

b. coffee A. I use a cup for coffee.

c. beer A. I use a glass for beer.

d. milk ?A. I use a glass for milk.

end of page 52


Q. Do you ever drink a glass of wine with your dinner ?A. Yes, I sometimes drink a glass of wine with my dinner.

Q. Do you ever drink a bottle of wine ?A. No, I never drink a bottle of wine.

Q. What do you usually drink for breakfast ?A. I usually drink coffee for breakfast.

Q. How many cups/glasses of ... do you drink ?A. I usually drink two cups of … .

Q. Do you prefer drinking beer from a bottle or a glass ?A. I prefer drinking beer from a bottle.

n. plate (of) n. bowl (of)

Q. Do you eat soup from a plate ?A. No, I don’t eat soup from a plate but I eat soup from a bowl.

Q. Do you ever have a bowl of soup for lunch ?A. Yes, I sometimes have a bowl of soup for lunch.

Q. Do you usually eat from a bowl or a plate ?A. I usually eat from a plate.

Q. What do people eat from a bowl ?A. People eat icecream and soup from a bowl.

n. cupboard n. drawern. clothes n. wardrobe

We keep cups, plates and bowls in a cupboard.We keep knives, forks and spoons in a drawer.We keep clothes in a wardrobe.

Q. Where do you keep your plates, bowls and cups ?A. I keep my plates, bowls and cups in a cupboard.

Q. Where do you keep your knives and forks ?A. I keep my knives and forks in a drawer.


Q. What kind of clothes do we keep in a wardrobe ?A. We keep shirts and trousers in a wardrobe.

Q. What kind of clothes do we keep in a drawer ?A. We keep Tshirts and socks in a drawer.

v. to boil n. kettle n. saucepan

We use a kettle to boil water.We use a saucepan to cook food.

Q. What do we use to boil water ?A. We use a kettle to boil water.

Q. Do you use a kettle to boil water in your country ?A. Yes, we use a kettle to boil water in my country.

Q. How do you cook pasta ?A. I cook pasta in a saucepan.

v. to wash v. do the washing = wash your clothesn. sink v. do the washingup = wash your plates, bowls

and cups

Q. Do you wash your face in the morning ?A. Yes, I wash my face in the morning.

Q. What do you use when you wash ?A. I use soap when I wash.

Q. What do you do when your clothes are dirty ?A. I do the washing when my clothes are dirty.

Q. What do you do when your plates are dirty ?A. I do the washing up when my plates are dirty.

Q. Where do you do the washing up ?A. I do the washing up in the sink.

end of page 53


54 regular adverbs

adjective adverbadj. bad adv. badlyadj. quick adv. quicklyadj. slow adv. slowly

We usually use adjectives before a noun.eg. I like a quick drink after work.

We usually use adverbs after a verb.eg. The teacher speaks quickly.

Q. What do you eat when you have a quick lunch ?A. I eat a sandwich when I have a quick lunch.

Q. Do you like dancing to slow music ?A. Yes, I like dancing to slow music.

Q. Do you usually speak your language slowly ?A. No, I don’t usually speak my language slowly.

Q. Does a microwave cook food quickly ?A. Yes, a microwave cooks food quickly.

irregular adverbs

adjective adverbgood well

eg. He speaks English well.

Q. Do you speak English well ?A. Yes, I speak English well.

Q. Do you think a microwave cooks food well ?A. No, I don’t think a microwave cooks food well.

Q. Do you know him ?A. Yes, I know him.


Q. Do you know him/her well ?A. No, I don’t know him well.

Q. Do you know this city well ?A. Yes, I know this city well.

Q. Do you always sleep well ?A. No, I don’t always sleep well.

v. can negative = cannot / can’t*

You can speak your language well. I can’t speak your language well.I can use a computer. My mother can’t use a computer.

The verb can is irregular we do not use an ‘s’ for he, she or it.eg. He can speak 3 different languages.She can sing very well.

Q. Can you stand on your chair ?A. Yes, I can stand on my chair.

Q. Can you stand on the ceiling ?A. No, I can’t stand on the ceiling.

Q. Can we eat soup with a fork ?A. No, we can’t eat soup with a fork.

Q. Can you use a computer ?A. Yes, I can use a computer.

end of page 5455Q. How many languages can you speak ?A. I can speak two languages.

Q. Can you speak English quickly ?A. No, I can’t speak English quickly.

Q. Do you like singing ?A. Yes, I like singing.


Q. Can you sing well ?A. Yes, I can sing well.

Q. Give me an example of a person who can sing very well.A. Madonna can sing very well.

Q. Ask a question with can.A. Can you speak Chinese ?

Q. Can you always understand my questions ?A. No, I can’t always understand your questions.

Q. How long can we keep :a. milk in the fridge ?A. We can keep milk in the fridge for about a week.

b. fruit in a bowl ?A. We can keep fruit in a bowl for about a week.

v. to play n. sport n. gamen. football n. cardsn. baseball n. chessn. tennisn. basketball

Q. Do you like sport ?A. Yes, I like sport.

Q. What is your favourite sport ?A. My favourite sport is football.

Q. Can you play tennis ?A. Yes, I can play tennis.

Q. Can you play it well ?A. Yes, I can play it well.

Q. Is chess an easy game to play ?A. No, chess isn’t an easy game to play.


Q. Do you ever play cards ?A. Yes, I sometimes play cards.

Q. Do you ever play for money ?A. Yes, I sometimes play for money.

Q. What kind of animals like playing games with people ?A. Dogs like playing games with people.

v. to make

We make a cup of tea with hot water, tea and milk.They make a lot of computers in America.

Q. What do you use to make a cup of tea ?A. I use hot water, tea and milk to make a cup of tea.

Q. What do you use to make a cheese sandwich ?A. I use cheese, butter and bread to make a cheese sandwich.

Q. Which countries make a lot of :a. films ?A. The United States makes a lot of films.

b. computers ?A. Japan makes a lot of computers.

c. cameras ?A. Taiwan makes a lot of cameras.

Q. Do they make cars in your country ?A. Yes, they make cars in my country.

Q. What kind of cars do they make ?A. They make Ford cars.

Q. Can you make a cup of tea with cold water ?A. No, I can’t make a cup of tea with cold water.

Q. Who usually makes dinner in your house ?A. I usually make dinner in my house.


end of page 5556

gerund (2) n. preposition

Before, after, in, on, with, without, of, from and for are prepositions.When there is a verb after a preposition we use the gerund.

eg. I eat breakfast before going to work.You can’t speak English well without studying.

Q. Can you speak English well without studying ?A. No, I can’t speak English well without studying.

Q. Can you eat rice before cooking it ?A. No, I can’t eat rice before cooking it.

Q. Do you ever drink beer before coming to school ?A. No, I never drink beer before coming to school.

Q. Can you sleep after drinking a cup of coffee ?A. No, I can’t sleep after drinking a cup of coffee.

Q. Is it easy to live in a country without knowing the language well ?A. No, it is difficult to live in a country without knowing the language well.

prep. up prep. downv. to stand up v. to sit down

Q. Are you standing up or sitting down ?A. I’m sitting down.

Q. Do you stand up when you eat ?A. No, I don’t stand up when I eat.

Q. Do I sit down when I teach ?A. No, you don’t sit down when you teach.

Q. Do you sit down when you have a shower ?A. No, I don’t sit down when I have a shower.


Q. Put your hand up.Q. Can you put it down now.

Q. What is that up there ? (teacher points)A. That is a picture.

Q. What is that down there ? (teacher points)A. That is a bag.

n. stairs upstairs downstairs

Q. Are there stairs in this school ?A. Yes, there are stairs in this school.

Q. Do flats usually have stairs ?A. No, flats don’t usually have stairs.

Q. In a house, which rooms are usually upstairs and which rooms are usually downstairs?A. In a house, the bathroom and the bedrooms are usually upstairs and the kitchen and the living room are usually downstairs.

Q. In a house, is the kitchen usually upstairs or downstairs ?A. In a house, the kitchen is usually downstairs.

n. top n. bottomat the top of at the bottom of

There is a restaurant at the top of the Eiffel Tower.I usually write my name at the bottom of a letter.

Q. Is there a classroom at the bottom of the stairs in this school ?A. No, there isn’t a classroom at the bottom of the stairs in this school.

Q. When you write a letter, where do you write your address ?A. When I write a letter, I write my address at the top.

Q. When you write a letter, where do you write your name ?A. When I write a letter, I write my name at the bottom.

end of page 56


at the moment = now

Q. What are you doing at the moment ?A. I’m studying English at the moment.

Q. Where are you living at the moment ?A. I’m living in London at the moment.

Q. Are you using a computer at the moment ?A. No, I’m not using a computer at the moment.

to be + adjective adj happyadj sad/ unhappy

We can use adj after the verb to beeg. I am happy today.A cold drink is nice on a hot day.

Q. Are you happy at the moment ?A. Yes, I ‘m happy at the moment.

Q. Quite happy or very happy ?A. … happy.

Q. Do you think hot coffee is nice on a cold day ?A. Yes, I think hot coffee is nice on a cold day.

Q. Are you unhappy when you can’t speak to your friends ?A. Yes, I’m unhappy when I can’t speak to my friends.

Q. Can you give me an example of a sad film ?A. ‘Titanic’ is an example of a sad film.

Q. Is it hot or cold today ?A. It is cold today.

Q. Is this a nice colour ?A. Yes, that’s a nice colour.

adj. hungry adj. thirsty

Q. Are you hungry/thirsty at the moment ?A. Yes, I’m hungry at the moment.© Avalon Book Company Ltd. 93

Q. Are you hungry before eating dinner ?A. Yes, I’m hungry before eating dinner.

Q. Are you hungry after eating a big dinner ?A. No, I’m not hungry after eating a big dinner.

Q. What do you like drinking when you are very thirsty ?A. I like drinking water when I’m very thirsty.

Q. What do you like eating when you are very hungry ?A. I like eating chicken when I’m very hungry.

n. infinitive

To go, to dance, to speak, and to ask are infinitive verbs.

Q. Give me an example of an infinitive ?*A. ‘To walk’ is an example of an infinitive.

Q. Give me an example of :a. an infinitive.A. ‘To be’ is an example of an infinitive.

b. the present simple.A. ‘I study English on Mondays’ is an example of the present simple.

c. the present continuous.A. ‘I’m living in London’ is an example of the present continuous.

d. a gerund.A. ‘Studying’ is an example of a gerund.

end of page 57

v. to want + infinitive

We can use a noun or the infinitive after the verb ‘to want’.

eg. When I am hungry I want to eat.When I am thirsty I want to drink.

Q. Do you have a lot of money ?A. No, I don’t have a lot of money.


Q. Do you want a lot of money ?A. Yes, I want a lot of money.

Q. Do you want to speak English well ?A. Yes, I want to speak English well.

Q. What job do you want to do ?A. I want to be a doctor.

Q. What do you want to do after the lesson ?A. I want to go home after the lesson.

Q. How long do you want to study English ?A. I want to study English for five years.

Q. Why do you want to study English ?A. I want to study English to talk to English people.

Q. Do you want to do the same job as your mother/father ?A. No, I don’t want to do the same job as my father.

v. to walkprep. to prep. byn. train n. bus n. planen. underground n. bike / bicycle n. ship

eg. We go to America by plane.I go to work by train.He walks to school.She goes home by bus.

Q. Do you walk to school ?A. No, I don’t walk to school.

Q. How do you come to school ?A. I come to school by ...

Q. How do you go home ?A. I go home by ...


Q. Do you like walking ?A. Yes, I like walking.

Q. Do you walk quickly when you come to school ?A. No, I don’t walk quickly when I come to school.

Q. How do people usually go to work in your city ?A. People usually go to work by underground in my city.

Q. Do people usually go to America by ship ?A. No, people don’t usually go to America by ship.

Q. Is there an underground in your city ?A. Yes, there is an underground in my city.

Q. Do you ever use it ?A. Yes, I sometimes use it.

Q. What do you use to wash your face ?A. I use soap to wash my face.

Q. Can you speak English without thinking in your language ?A. No, I can’t speak English without thinking in y language.

Q. Stand up please.Q. Do you want to sit down now ?A. Yes, I want to sit down now.

Q. Do you want to answer an easy question or a difficult question ?A. I want to answer a difficult question.

end of page 58

9n. foot (pl. feet) n. finger n. thumb n. toe

Q. What is the plural of foot ?A. The plural of foot is feet.

Q. How many feet do you have ?A. I have two feet.


Q. How many fingers and thumbs do you have ?A. I have eight fingers and two thumbs.

Q. Do you ever eat with your fingers ?A. Yes, I sometimes eat with my fingers.

Q. What kind of food ?A. I sometimes eat chicken with my fingers.

Q. Do you always wash between your toes ?A. Yes, I always wash between my toes.

v. to wear n. hat n. scarf n. cardigann. gloves n. coat n. boots

Q. What clothes are you wearing ?A. I’m wearing trousers, a shirt and boots.

Q. What clothes do you wear when it is very cold ?A. I wear a coat and a scarf when it’s very cold.

Q. What kind of people wear gloves for work ?A. Policemen wear gloves for work.

Q. Do you ever wear a hat ?A. Yes, I sometimes wear a hat.

Q. Is he/she wearing a hat ?A. No, she isn’t wearing a hat.

Q. Do you prefer wearing shoes or boots ?A. I prefer wearing … .

Q. What clothes do you wear at work ?A. I wear trousers and a shirt at work.

Q. Do you wear the same kind of clothes as :a. your mother/fatherA. No, I don’t wear the same kind of clothes as my father.


b. (famous person)* A. No, I don’t wear the same kind of clothes as (famous person).

n. jeans n. dress n. skirt n. shorts

Q. Are you wearing shorts ?A. No, I’m not wearing shorts.

Q. When do people wear shorts ?A. People wear shorts when it’s very hot.

Q. Are you wearing a dress ?A. No, I’m not wearing a dress.

Q. Do you like wearing jeans ?A. Yes, I like wearing jeans.

Q. Do you prefer jeans or trousers ?A. I prefer … .

Q. Which are you wearing ?A. I’m wearing … .

Q. Do you prefer wearing trousers or a skirt ?A. I prefer wearing … .

n. pair of + noun = 2 of the same thing

We say a pair of socks / shoes / boots / gloves / trousers

Q. How many pairs of shoes do you have ?A. I have … pairs of shoes.

Q. Do you have a pair of gloves ?A. Yes, I have a pair of gloves.

Q. What colour are they ?A. They are black.

Q. Are you wearing two pairs of socks ?A. No, I’m not wearing two pairs of socks.


Q. How many pairs of jeans do you have ?A. I have three pairs of jeans.

end of page 5960

n. glasses n. sunglassesa pair of glasses/sunglasses

Q. Do you wear glasses ?A. Yes, I wear glasses.

Q. How many pairs of glasses do you have ?A. I have two pairs of glasses.

Q. Do you wear glasses to :a. watch television ?A. Yes, I wear glasses to watch television.

b. read ?A. Yes, I wear glasses to read.

Q. Do you have a pair of sunglasses ?A. No, I don’t have a pair of sunglasses.

v. to mean n. meaning

The word ‘pair’ means two of the same thing.A tick (√) means the answer is right.A cross (X) means the answer is wrong.

Q. Does a tick (√) mean right or wrong ?A. A tick ( ) means right.→

Q. What does a cross (X) mean ?A. A cross (X) means wrong.

Q. Do you know the meaning of these words ?a. a pair A. Pair means two of the same thing.


b. the washing upA. The washing up means dirty plates and bowls.

c. parents A. Parents means your mother and father.

d. weekend*A. Weekend means Saturday and Sunday.

e. penguin*A. Penguin means a small animal from Antarctica.

Q. What do these letters mean :a. UK ?A. UK means the United Kingdom.

b. USA ?A. USA means the United States of America.

c. UN?A. UN means the United Nations.

NB. When you don’t understand a word you can ask :What does ... mean ?

eg. Q. What does pair mean ?A. Pair means two of the same thing.

Q. Ask me what these words mean :a. huge A. What does the word huge mean ?A./Q. Huge means very big.

b. tiny A. What does the word tiny mean ?

A./Q. Tiny means very small.

.....c. dislikeA. What does the word dislike mean ?A./Q. Dislike means don’t like.


some and any

We use a/an with singular, countable nouns. (a book, an animal)We use any/some with plural and uncountable nouns.We use any in questions.

plural noun Q. Do you have any English friends ?uncountable noun Q. Do you have any bread ?

We use some in positive sentences.

plural noun A. Yes, I have some English friends.uncountable noun A. Yes, I have some bread.

We use not any in negative sentences.I don’t have any money.There aren’t any socks in the drawer.

end of page 601exerciseWrite a, an, any or some in these sentences.

1. Do you have .any. brothers or sisters ?2. Are there ..any.. big cities in your country ?3. Do you know .any.. English people ?4. Is there ..any.. milk in the fridge ?5. Is there ..a... restaurant in your street ?6. There is ...an... apple in the fruit bowl.7. There are .some.. plates in the sink.8. There is .some. money on the table.9. There isn’t ..any.. butter in the fridge.10. Do you have ..any.. beer ?11. He doesn’t have ..any.. friends.12. She has ..some…stamps in her drawer.

Q. Are there any restaurants in your street ?A. Yes, there’re some restaurants in my street.

Q. Do you have any food in your fridge ?A. Yes, I have some food in my fridge.


Q. Do you know any English newspapers ?A. Yes, I know some English newspapers.

Q. Do you have any wine at home ?A. No, I don’t have any wine at home.

Q. Do you have any classical music at home ?A. Yes, I have some classical music at home.

Q. Do you know any English people ?A. Yes, I know some English people.

Q. Are there any English people in this room ?A. Yes, there are some English people in this room.

Q. Do you have any food in your bag ?A. No, I don’t have any food in my bag.

adj. new

!! We use new for things and young for people and animals.The opposite of new is old.

Q. Are your shoes old or new ?A. My shoes are new.

Q. Quite old/new or very old/new ?A. … new.

Q. Do you ever wear old jeans ?A. Yes, I sometimes wear old jeans.

Q. Do you have any new clothes at home ?A. Yes, I have some new clothes at home.

Q. Do you like old, black and white films ?A. Yes, I like old, black and white films.

Q. Are there any new students in the class today ?A. No, there aren’t any new students in the class today.


n. shop n. shopping v. to go shopping

Q. Do you like shopping ?A. Yes, I like shopping.

Q. What is your favourite kind of shop ?A. My favourite kind of shop is a clothes shop.

Q. Are there any shops in this street ?A. Yes, there are some shops in this street.

Q. What kind of shops ?A. Music shops.

Q. Do you go shopping a lot ?A. Yes, I go shopping a lot.

Q. When you go shopping for clothes, do you like going with a friend ?A. Yes, when I go shopping for clothes, I like going with a friend.

end of page 61

62 v. to buy v. to selln. supermarket n. department storen. newsagent n. market

Q. Where do you buy your food ?A. I buy my food from a supermarket.

Q. Do you often buy new clothes ?A. Yes, I often buy new clothes.

Q. What kind of shops sell newspapers and cigarettes ?A. Newsagents sell newspapers and cigarettes.

Q. Are there any department stores in this city ?A. Yes, there’re some department stores in this city.

Q. Give me an example.A. Debenhams.


Q. Is there a market in this city ?A. Yes, there is a market in this city.

Q. What kind of things do they sell in :a. a shoe shop ?A. They sell shoes and boots in a shoe shop.

b. a market ?A. They sell food in a market.

c. a department store ?A. They sell a lot of things in a department store.

Q. Where can you buy :a. books ?A. I can buy books from a bookshop.

b. stamps ?A. I can buy stamps from a newsagent.

c. soap* ?A. I can buy soap from a chemist.

How much ... ?

Q. About how much is a newspaper in your country ?A. A newspaper is about 30p in my country.

Q. About how much is a bottle of good wine ?A. A bottle of good wine is about £10 in my country.

Q. How much is a cup of coffee in a cafe ?A. A cup of coffee in a café is about £1.

Q. How much is a CD in your country ?A. A CD is about £13 in my country.

adj. expensive adj. cheapn. Champagne


Q. Is Champagne cheap ?A. No, Champagne isn’t cheap.

Q. How much is a bottle of very good Champagne ?A. A bottle of very good Champagne is about £50.

Q. Give me an example of :a. a cheap car.A. A Larder is a cheap car.

b. an expensive car.A. A Ferrari is an expensive car.

Q. Do you often eat in expensive restaurants ?A. No, I don’t often eat in expensive restaurants.

Q. Do you think this school is expensive ?A. No, I don’t think this school is expensive.

Q. Where can you buy cheap food and clothes ?A. I can buy cheap food and clothes from a market.

v. to open v. to close

I am closing my book.I am opening my book.

Q. What am I doing ?A. You’re opening the door.

Q. What am I doing ?A. You’re closing the door.

end of page 62

Q. Open/Close your book please.Q. What is he/she doing ?A. He is closing his book.

Q. Do the shops open on Sundays in this city ?A. Yes, the shops open on Sundays in this city.


Q. What time do the shops close in your country ?A. The shops close at about 5.30 in my country.

adj. open adj. closed

Q. Is my book open ?A. Yes, your book is open.

Q. Is my book closed ?A. No, your book isn’t closed.

Q. Is this school closed on Sundays ?A. Yes, this school is closed on Sundays.

Q. Where can you buy food when the supermarkets are closed ?A. I can buy food from a corner shop when the supermarkets are closed.

pronouns

We use pronouns when we don’t use a noun.We can say : John is from Scotland.or we can say : He is from Scotland

He is a subject pronoun.The subject pronouns are : I, you, he, she, it, we, you, they.

exerciseWrite the answers to the questions using subject pronouns.eg. Q. Is London a big city ?A. Yes, it is a big city.

1. Is Paris in France ?....Yes, it is in France. ................................................................................................…2. Does your father have a job ?....Yes, he has a job. .......................................................................................................3. Does your mother have a car ?....Yes, she has a car. ......................................................................................................


4. Do dogs eat meat ?....Yes, they eat meat. .....................................................................................................5. Do Italian people eat a lot of rice ?....No, they don’t eat a lot of rice. ..................................................................................

end of page 6364 Q. Do you have a dog ?A. Yes, I have a dog.

Q. Does it eat meat ?A. Yes, it eats meat.

Q. What city are you from ?A. I am from Warsaw.

Q. Is it clean or dirty ?A. It is dirty.

Q. Do you have a brother ?A. Yes, I have a brother.

Q. Does he have a car ?A. Yes, he has a car.

Q. Do you have a sister ?A. Yes, I have a sister.

Q. Is she nice ?A. Yes, she is very nice.

Q. Do Americans speak English ?A. Yes, Americans speak English.

Q. Can your mother cook very well ?A. Yes, she can cook very well.

Q. And your father ?A. Yes, he can cook very well.


end of page 64

Unit 6

n. weekend = Saturday and Sunday n. nightclub

Q. What does the noun weekend mean ?A. The noun weekend means Saturday and Sunday.

Q. What do you like doing at the weekend ?A. I like playing football at the weekend.

Q. Do you ever go to nightclubs at the weekend ?A. Yes, I sometimes go to nightclubs at the weekend.

Q. What do people do at nightclubs ?A. People dance and drink at nightclubs.

Q. Do you ever work at the weekend ?A. No, I never work at the weekend.

Q. What is your favourite day of the week ?A. Friday is my favourite day of the week.

Q. Is this school open at the weekend ?A. No, this school isn’t open at the weekend.

n. skin adj. hard adj. soft

Q. Is your head soft ?A. No, my head isn’t soft.

Q. Is your face soft ?A. Yes, my face is soft.

Q. Is your skin soft after a hot bath ?A. Yes, my skin is soft after a hot bath.

Q. What kind of food is hard before cooking and soft after cooking ?A. Pasta is hard before cooking and soft after cooking.


Q. Do you prefer sleeping on a hard bed or a soft bed ?A. I prefer sleeping on a hard bed.

Q. What kind of clothes do we make from animal skin ?A. We make coats and belts from animal skin.

v. to add (to)

Some people add lemon to tea.We add the letter ‘s’ to a noun to make a regular plural. eg. cat / cats.

Q. What do we add to a noun to make a regular plural ?A. We add the letter ‘s’ to a noun to make a regular plural.

Q. Give me an example.A. Book – books.

Q. What do people often add to tea and coffee ?A. People often add sugar to tea and coffee.

Q. What letters do we add to make these words plural ?a. pen A. We add the letter ‘s’.

b. child A. We add the letters ‘ren’.

c. potatoA. We add the letters ‘es’.

Q. What letters do we add to spell these words ?*a. difficul... A. We add the letter ‘t’.

b. colou...A. We add the letter ‘r’.

c. orang...A. We add the letter ‘e’.


v. to begin v. to endn. the beginning n. the end

The alphabet begins with the letter A and ends with letter Z.

Q. What letter do regular plural nouns end with ?A. Regular plural nouns end with the letter ‘s’.

end of page 65

Q. What letters does your name begin and end with ?A. My name begins with ‘…’ and ends with ‘…’.

Q. What do I say at the beginning of the lesson ?A. You say ‘Hello’ at the beginning of the lesson.

Q. What do I say at the end of the lesson ?A. You say ‘Have a nice day’ at the end of the lesson.

Q. Are you always in the classroom when the lesson begins ?A. Yes, I’m always in the classroom when the lesson begins.

Q. What do you generally do when the lesson ends ?A. I generally go home when the lesson ends.

possessive adjectives

adj. possessive

NB. We use a possessive adjective before a noun.

my This is my shirt.your That is your bookhis/her That is his/her penitsour This is our classroomyour I am your teachertheir I am their teacher

Q. Is this my arm ?A. Yes, that is your arm.


Q. Is this my leg ?A. Yes, that is your leg.

Q. What colour are your eyes ?A. My eyes are … .

Q. Who are your teachers ?A. My teachers are … and … .

Q. What colour are his/her shoes ?A. Her shoes are … .

Q. What is his/her name ?A. His name is … .

Q. Is this our classroom ?A. Yes, this is our classroom.

Q. Am I their teacher ?A. No, you’re not their teacher.

Q. What are their nationalities ?A. Their nationalities are (Brazilian) and (Korean).

v. to belong (to)

This is my book, it belongs to me.Those chairs belong to this school.

Q. Does that chair belong to you ?A. No, this chair doesn’t belong to me.

Q. Does your house belong to you ?A. Yes, my house belongs to me.

Q. What things in the classroom belong to you ?A. My pen and my book belong to me.

end of page 66


possessive (2)possessive ’s Whose ...?

The book belongs to Richard, so we say it is Richard’s book.Richard’s book is blue.

We use whose to make a question.

Q. Whose book is this ?A. It is Richard’s book.

Q. Whose bag is that ?A. That is Clare’s bag.

Use the student’s name in your answers.*Q. Whose book is that ?A. It is ...’s book.

Q. Whose shoes are those ?A. They are ...’s shoes ?

Q. Whose eyes are brown ?A. ...’s eyes are brown.

Q. Whose hair is black ?A. …’s hair is black

Q. What colour are ..............’s trousers ?A. …’s trousers are blue.

Q. Is ..............’s hair long or short ?A. …’s hair is … .

adj. married adj. single Mr Mrs Miss Ms

Q. Are you married or single ?A. I’m single.

Q. Are any of your brothers or sisters married ?A. Yes, my brother is married.


Q. Why do some women use Ms ?A. Some people use Ms because they don’t want people to know if they’re married or not.

n. husband n. wife*

Q. Can a woman have two husbands in your country ?A. No, a woman can’t have two husbands in my country.

Q. Are any of your brothers or sisters married ?A. Yes, my brother is married.

Q. What is his wife’s name ? / What is her husband’s name ?A. His wife’s name is … .

n. grandparents n. grandmother n. grandfather

Q. What do the words ‘grandmother’ and ‘grandfather’ mean ?A. The words ‘grandmother’ and ‘grandfather’ mean my parents’ mother and father.

Q. What are your grandparents’ names ?A. My grandparents’ names are … and … .

Q. Where do they live ?A. They live in … .

end of page 67

n. son n. daughter

Q. Are you a son or daughter ?A. I’m a son.

Q. When you have a child, do you want a son or a daughter first ?A. When I have a child, I want a daughter.

adj. beautiful adj. ugly

Q. Can you think of a beautiful building in this city ?A. The National Gallery is a beautiful building in this city.


Q. Can you think of an ugly building in this city ?A. Centre Point is an ugly building in this city.

Q. Is it a beautiful day today ?A. Yes, it’s a beautiful day today.

Q. Which animals do you think are ugly ?A. I think, pigs are ugly.

n. syllable

Some words have 1 syllable : man, boy, good, young.Some words have 2 syllables : woman, badly, happy.Some words have 3 syllables : beautiful, alphabet, singular.

Q. How many syllables does the word ‘man’ have ?A. The word ‘man’ has 1 syllable.

Q. How many syllables does the word ‘happy’ have?A. The word ‘happy’ has 2 syllables.

Q. How many syllables does the word ‘beautiful’ have?A. The word ‘beautiful’ has 3 syllables.

Q. How many syllables does your name have ?A. My name has … syllable(s).

n. comparativesprep. than

We make comparatives by adding the letters ‘er’ to adjectives with 1 syllable.We always use the word ‘than’ after a comparative.

adjective comparative

old older thanyoung younger thanbig bigger* thansmall smaller than


eg. My mother isn’t young, but she is younger than my father.Paris isn’t a small city, but it is smaller than London.

Q. Is your mother older or younger than your father ?A. My mother is … than my father.

Q. Is your city bigger or smaller than London ?A. My city is … than London.

Q. Do you think you are older or younger than me ?A. I think, I am … than you.

Q. Which countries are bigger than your country ?A. … and … are bigger than my country.

end of page 689


hot hotter* thancold colder than

Q. Is England hotter or colder than your country ?A. England is … than my country.

Q. Which countries are colder than your country ?A. … and … are colder than my country.

Q. Is it usually hotter in the mornings or the afternoons ?A. It’s usually hotter in the afternoons.

We can make comparatives by adding the letters er to adjectives of 2 syllables when they end in the letter y :


happy happier thandirty dirtier thaneasy easier than

NB. We use the letters ier and not yer for these comparatives.


Q. Do you think shopping is easier than studying ?A. Yes, I think shopping is easier than studying.

Q. Are your shoes cleaner or dirtier than my shoes ?A. My shoes are … than your shoes.

Q. Are you happier at the end or the beginning of the week ?A. I’m happier at the … of the week.


tall taller thanshort shorter thanlight lighter thanheavy heavier than

Q. Are basketball players usually tall or short ?A. basketball players are usually tall.

Q. Are you taller or shorter than me/him/her ?A. I’m … than … .

Q. Do you think your chair is lighter than the table ?A. Yes, I think my chair is lighter than the table.

Q. Give me an example of a very heavy animal ?A. An elephant is an example of a very heavy animal.

Q. Are there any animals that are heavier than elephants ?A. Yes, whales are heavier than elephants.

musical instruments n. guitar n. drumsn. piano n. violin

Q. Give me an example of a musical instrument.A. The violin is an example of a musical instrument.

Q. Can you play any musical instruments ?A. Yes, I can play some musical instruments.


Q. Which instruments can you play ?A. I can play the piano and the violin.

Q. What kind of instruments do people play in :a. classical music ? A. People play violins and pianos in classical music.

b. pop music ?A. People play guitars and drums in pop music.

end of page 69

thing pronounspron. anything pron. something

We use a pronoun when we don’t use a noun.When we ask a question with any, we use any + a noun.We can ask :Q. Do you have any books in your bag ?

But when you don’t use a noun we use the pronoun anything.eg. Q. Do you have anything in your bag ?

We use anything in questions.We use something in positive sentencesWe use not anything in negative sentences.

eg . Q. Do you have anything in your pocket ?+A. Yes, I have something in my pocket.A. No, I do not have anything in my pocket.

NB. These pronouns are singular.*eg. Q. Do you have anything in your bag ?A. Yes, I have a book in my bag.

Answer these questions using a noun, not a pronoun.

Q. Do you have anything in your pocket ?A. Yes, I have some money in my pocket.

Q. Is there anything heavy in the classroom ?A. Yes, the desk is heavy in the classroom.© Avalon Book Company Ltd. 117

Q. Are you wearing anything expensive ?A. No, I’m not wearing anything expensive.

Q. Give me an example of something :a. beautiful. A. The Taj Mahal is beautiful.

b. ugly.A. A pig is ugly.

Q. Do you have anything to read in your bag ?A. Yes, I have a newspaper in my bag.

Q. Do you have anything nice to eat at home ?A. Yes, I have a pizza to eat at home.

Q. Is there anything you don’t like eating ?A. Yes, I don’t like eating cucumber.

Q. Is there anything you want to ask me ?A. No, there isn’t anything I want to ask you.

Q. Give me an example of :a. something you want to buy.A. I want to buy a car.

b. something you keep in a drawer.A. I keep my socks in a drawer.

c. something you like doing at the weekend.A. I like going to the cinema at the weekend.

d. something you drink with dinner.A. I drink wine with dinner.

e. something you eat for breakfast.A. I eat cereal for breakfast.

f. something you don’t like doing.A. I don’t like shopping.


end of page 7071

people pronounspron. someone pron. anyone pron. not anyone

We use anything and something for things.We use anyone and someone for people.

eg. Q. Is there anyone in the bathroom ?+A. Yes there is someone in the bathroom.A. No, there isn’t anyone in the bathroom.eg. Q. Do you know anyone who lives in Paris ?A. Yes, my brother lives in Paris.

Answer these questions using a noun, not a pronoun.

Q. Do you know anyone in London ?A. Yes, I know my brother in London.

Q. Do you know anyone who lives in America ?A. No, I don’t know anyone who lives in America.

Q. Is there anyone eating in this classroom ?A. Yes, … is eating in this classroom.

Q. Is there anyone in the classroom who can speak English very well ?A. Yes, you can speak English very well.

Q. Can anyone here play a musical instrument ?A. Yes, I can play the piano and … can play the guitar.

Q. Does anyone here have a dog ?A. No, no one here has a dog.

Q. Does anyone want to ask me a question ?A. No, no one wants to ask you a question.

to see v. to hear

We see with our eyes.We hear with our ears.


Q. Can you see anything red in the classroom ?A. Yes, …’s (jumper) is red.

Q. Can you hear me speaking ?A. Yes, I can hear you speaking.

Q. What is the first thing you hear in the morning ?A. The first thing I hear in the morning is my alarm clock.

Q. What is the first thing you see when you open your eyes in the morning ?A. The first thing I see when I open my eyes in the morning is the ceiling.

listen and hear

We hear things generally but when we want to hear something we listen to it.

eg. When I listen, I can hear the cars in the street and people talking.

Q. Can you hear the cars in the street ?A. Yes, I can hear the cars in the street.

Q. Are you listening to the cars ?A. No, I’m not listening to the cars.

Q. When you want to know what someone is saying, do you listen or hear ?A. When I want to know what someone is saying, I listen.

Q. Listen, what can you hear ?A. I can hear people talking and the cars in the street.

end of page 7172

n. shape n. circle n. squareadj. round adj. square

Q. What shape is this ?*A. It’s round.


Q. Can you see anything square in this room ?A. Yes, the window is square.

Q. Can you see anything round in this room ?A. Yes, the clock is round.

Q. What shape is :a. a ball ? A. A ball is round.

b. a plate ?A. A plate is round.

c. a teabag ?A. A teabag is square.

n. triangle adj. triangular n. rectangle adj. rectangular

Q. What shape is this ?*A. It’s rectangular.

Q. What shape is this room ?A. This room is rectangular.

Q. Can you see anything rectangular in this room ?A. Yes, the door is rectangular.

Q. Can you see anything triangular in this room ?A. No, I can’t see anything triangular in this room.

Q. Can you think of anything triangular ?A. Yes, the Pyramids are triangular.

questions with have got

We can use do to make a question with the verb to have :eg. Q. Do you have a pen ?

But sometimes we use the word got to make a question with the verb to have :


have + subject pronoun + goteg. Q. Have you got a pen ?

We usually use got in the answer:

+ A. Yes, I have got a pen. A. No, I have not got a pen.

Q. Have you got a pen ?A. Yes, I have got a pen.

Q. Have you got any books on your table ?A. Yes, I have got some books on my table.

n. contraction

I have got = I’ve gotI have not got = I haven’t gothe has got = he’s gothe has not got = he hasn’t got

We usually use contractions with have got.

Q. What is the contraction of : a. I have got ?A. The contraction of ‘I have got’ is ‘I’ve got’.

b. he has not got ?A. The contraction of ‘he has not got’ is ‘he hasn’t got’.

c. they have got ?A. The contraction of ‘they have got’ is ‘they’ve got.

d. we have not got ?A. The contraction of ‘we have not got’ is ‘we haven’t got’.

Q. What is the contraction of : a. I am ? A. The contraction of ‘I am’ is ‘I’m’.

b. he is not ?A. The contraction of ‘he is not’ is ‘he isn’t’.


they cannot ?A. The contraction of ‘they cannot’ is ‘they can’t’.

d. he does not ?A. The contraction of ‘he does not’ is ‘he doesn’t’.

end of page 7273Use contractions in your answers to these questions.

Q. Have you got a cat ?A. Yes, I’ve got a cat.

Q. Have you got a dog ?A. No, I haven’t got a dog.

Q. Have you got anything in your pocket ?A. Yes, I’ve got something in my pocket.

Q. What have you got ?A. I’ve got money in my pocket.

Q. Is he/she from Scotland ?A. No, she isn’t from Scotland.

Q. Are they from America ?A. No, they aren’t from America.

Q. Have you got anything expensive in your bag ?A. No, I haven’t got anything expensive in my bag.

Q. What has he/she got in her pocket ? Ask.A. What have you got in your pocket ?

to be good at something

Q. What sports are you good at ?A. I’m good at football and tennis.

Q. Are you good at cooking ?A. Yes, I’m good at cooking.


Q. Are you good at writing with your left hand ?A. No, I’m not good at writing with my left hand.

Q. Are you good at spelling English words ?A. Yes, I’m good at spelling English words.

v. to run adjective adverbfast fast (irregular)slow slowly

Q. In which sports do people run ?A. People run in football and basketball.

Q. What kind of animals can run very fast ?A. Tigers can run very fast.

Q. Is walking faster or slower than running ?A. Walking is slower than running.

Q. Is a bus faster than a train ?A. No, a bus isn’t faster than a train.

Q. Give me an example of a fast car.A. A Porche is an example of a fast car.

adj. warm adj. cool

Spring is warm, summer is hot.Autumn is cool, winter is cold.

Q. Is it hot, warm, cool or cold today ?A. It is … today.

Q. In summer, is it cooler in the morning or the afternoon ?A. In summer, it’s cooler in the morning.

Q. Is it warmer in spring than in summer ?A. No, it isn’t warmer in spring than in summer.

Q. Do you wear warm clothes in winter ?A. Yes, I wear warm clothes in winter.


Q. Give me some examples of warm clothes.A. Some examples of warm clothes are jumpers, coats, scarves and hats.

Q. On a very hot day, do you prefer a hot bath or a cool shower ?A. On a very hot day, I prefer a cool shower.

end of page 73

n. holiday to go on holidayadv. abroad

Q. Do you like going on holiday ?A. Yes, I like going on holiday.

Q. Do you prefer going on holiday abroad or in your country ?A. I prefer going on holiday … .

Q. Do you ever go on holiday in winter ?A. Yes, I sometimes go on holiday in winter.

Q. Do you like playing sports on holiday ?A. Yes, I like playing sports on holiday.

Q. What do you play ?A. I play football and volleyball.

Q. What kind of holidays are :a. expensive ? A. Holidays abroad are expensive.

b. cheap ?A. Holidays in my own country are cheap.

Q. In what month do people usually go on holiday in your country ?A. People usually go on holiday in July in my country

adj. foreign n. foreigner

Q. Are you a foreigner in this country ?A. Yes, I’m a foreigner in my country.


Q. What foreign languages can you speak ?A. I can speak English.

Q. Do you like going to foreign countries ?A. Yes, I like going to foreign countries.

Q. What kinds of foreign food do people eat in your country ?A. People eat Chinese and Italian food in my country.

n. passport n. visa

Q. What colour is your passport ?A. My passport is red.

Q. Have you got your passport with you ?A. Yes, I’ve got my passport with me.

Q. Do you have any visas in your passport ?A. Yes, I have some visas in my passport.

Q. For which countries ?A. For the United States and England.

n. beach n. mountains

Q. Which do you prefer, a holiday on the beach or in the mountains ?A. I prefer a holiday on the beach.

Q. Are there any beaches near your city ?A. Yes, there are some beaches near my city.

Q. Are there any mountains near your city ?A. No, there aren’t any mountains near my city.

Q. In what season do people often go on holiday :a. to the beach ? A. People often go on holiday to the beach in summer.

b. to the mountains ?A. People often go on holiday to the mountains in winter.


Q. What kind of clothes do people wear :a. on the beach ?A. People wear shorts and Tshirts on the beach.

b. in the mountains ?A. People wear jumpers and coats in the mountains.

Q. What kind of sports do people play on the beach ?A. People play volleyball on the beach.

end of page 74

v. to ski

Q. Can you ski ?A. Yes, I can ski.

Q. Can you ski well ?A. Yes, I can ski well.

Q. In what season do people go skiing ?A. People go skiing in winter.

Q. What is the meaning of :a. a pair of skis ? A. A pair of skis means two skis.

b. a pair of skiboots ?A. A pair of skiboots means two skiboots.

c. water skiing ?A. Water skiing means skiing on water.

v. to swim n. sea n. river

Q. Can you swim ?A. Yes, I can swim.

Q. Can you swim well ?A. Yes, I can swim well.

Q. Is there a river in this city ?A. Yes, there’s a river in this city.


Q. What is its name ?A. It’s name is The Thames.

Q. Do people swim in it ?A. No, people don’t swim in it.

Q. Do you prefer swimming in the sea or a swimming pool ?A. I prefer swimming in the sea.

Q. Which is faster, skiing or swimming ?A. Skiing is faster than swimming.

to enjoy + gerund

Q. Do you enjoy going on holiday ?A. Yes, I enjoy going on holiday.

Q. What sports do you enjoy playing ?A. I enjoy playing football and baseball.

Q. Do you enjoy swimming when the water is warm ?A. Yes, I enjoy swimming when the water is warm.

Q. What kind of music do you enjoy listening to ?A. I enjoy listening to pop music.

Q. What do you enjoy doing at the weekend ?A. I enjoy going to the pub at the weekend.

adj. hard = difficult

Q. Do you think this book is hard ?A. Yes, I think this book is hard.

Q. Do you think learning a foreign language is hard ?A. yes, I think learning a foreign language is hard.

Q. Do you think writing English is harder than speaking English ?A. No, I don’t think writing English is harder than speaking English.

adv. hard = a lot

Hard is an adjective and an irregular adverb.


Q. Do your parents work hard ?A. Yes, my parents work hard.

Q. Do you always study hard at home ?A. No, I don’t always study hard at home.

Q. Do people usually enjoy working hard ?A. No, people don’t usually enjoy working hard.

end of page 75

n. weather v. to rain n. rainv. to snow n. snow

NB. We always use the pronoun it for weather.eg. It is a sunny day.It is snowing.

Q. Is it raining ?A. No, it isn’t raining.

Q. Does it ever rain a lot in your country ?A. Yes, it sometimes rains a lot in my country.

Q. In which season ?A. In autumn.

Q. Do you enjoy walking in the rain ?A. No, I don’t enjoy walking in the rain.

Q. Does it snow in the mountains in winter ?A. Yes, it snows in the mountains in winter.

Q. What sports can we play when it snows ?A. We can ski when it snows.

Q. What kind of games do children enjoy playing in the snow ?A. Children enjoy making snowmen in the snow.

n. sky n. sun adj. sunnyn. cloud adj. cloudy adj. rainy*


Q. Can you see the sky from where you are sitting ?A. Yes, I can see the sky from where I’m sitting.

Q. What colour is the sky today ?A. The sky is grey today.

Q. Is it cloudy today ?A. Yes, it’s cloudy today.

Q. What do you like doing on a:a. sunny day ?A. I like sitting in the park on a sunny day.b. rainy day ?A. I like watching TV on a rainy day.

Q. Does your country have a rainy season ?A. No, my country doesn’t have a rainy season.

n. wind adj. windy

Q. Is it windy today ?A. Yes, it’s windy today.

Q. Is it difficult to use an umbrella on a windy day ?A. Yes, it’s difficult to use an umbrella on a windy day.

Q. Do you like going to the beach on a very windy day ?A. No, I don’t like going to the beach on a very windy day.

end of page 76


Unit 7

the present: today the past: yesterdayToday is the present. Yesterday is the past.

Q. Is today the present or the past ?A. Today is the present.

Q. Is yesterday the present or the past ?A. Yesterday is the past.

the past simple tense

We use the past simple for an action in the past.We make the past simple tense by adding the letters ed to the end of a regular verb.

eg. I played tennis yesterday.He watched television yesterday.

present past present past

walk walked live livedask asked prefer preferreduse used want wantedlike liked work workedlisten listened cook cookedwatch watched count counted

did

The past simple of do is did.We use did to make a question in the past simple.

Q. Did you watch television yesterday ?A. Yes, I watched television yesterday.

Q. Did he watch television yesterday?A. Yes, he watched television yesterday.

NB. Did you watch ? NOT Did you watched ?


Answer these questions using the past simple tense.

Q. Did you watch television yesterday ?A. Yes, I watched television yesterday.

Q. Did you study English yesterday ?A. Yes, I studied yesterday.

Q. Did I ask you any questions yesterday ?A. Yes, you asked me some questions yesterday.

Q. Did you wash your face yesterday ?A. Yes, I washed my face yesterday.

end of page 77

Q. Did I use the board yesterday ?A. Yes, you used the board yesterday.

Q. Did you play sport at school ?A. Yes, I played sport at school.

negative answers in the past

To make a negative answer in the past we use did not ... .

eg. Q. Did you watch television last night ?A. No, I did not watch television last night.

NB. The contraction of did not is didn’t.

Q. Did you play cricket at school ?A. No, I didn’t play cricket at school.

Q. Did you work last Sunday ?A. No, I didn’t work last Sunday.

Q. Did you use a computer yesterday ?A. No, I didn’t use a computer yesterday.

Q. Did you study Spanish last week ?A. No, I didn’t study Spanish last week.


Q. Make a question using the past simple.A. Did you enjoy the lesson yesterday ?

exerciseWrite the past tense of these verbs.

1. I ...walked..... (walk) to school yesterday.2. My sister ....used......... (use) my computer on Tuesday.3. They ....didn’t like............ (not like) the film.4. We ...danced.............. (dance) to slow music in a night club.5. We ...didn’t live........ (not live) in London in 1997.6. I ....worked......... (work) in a restaurant in June.7. I ...didn’t listen........ (not listen) to the radio yesterday.8. She ...cooked....... (cook) Italian food for dinner.

present : this week this month this yearpast : last week last month last year

last week = the week before this week.

Q. Did you use a pen last week ?A. Yes, I used a pen last week.

Q. Did you enjoy your last holiday ?A. Yes, I enjoyed my last holiday.

Q. Did you play any games last week ?A. Yes, I played chess last week.

Q. Did you work last Sunday ?A. No, I didn’t work last Sunday.

Q. Did you watch television last night ?A. yes, I watched television last night.

end of page 78

irregular verbs

Some verbs are regular in the past and some are irregular.


present past simple

have hadgo wentcome camewear worespeak spoke

Q. What is the past simple of to do ?A. The past simple of to do is did.

Q. What is the past simple of to have ?A. The past simple of to have is had.

Q. Did you have a lesson last week ?A. Yes, I had a lesson last week.

Q. What is the past simple of to go ?A. The past simple of to go is went.

Q. Did you go home after the lesson yesterday ?A. Yes, I went home after the lesson yesterday.

Q. What is the past simple of to come ?A. The past simple of to come is came.

Q. How did you come to school yesterday ?A. I came to school by train, bus...etc.

Q. What is the past simple of to wear ?A. The past simple of to wear is wore.

Q. What did you wear yesterday ?A. I wore a jumper and jeans yesterday.

Q. Did you speak English last year ?A. No, I didn’t speak English last year.

Q. Did he/she speak English last year ? Ask.A. Did you speak English last year ?


exerciseWrite the past simple of these verbs

1. I .........had............... (to have) dinner with my friends last night.2. They ...went..................... (to go) to the cinema last week.3. She .....came................... (to come) to my house yesterday.4. I ......spoke.................. (to speak) French at school.5. He ...wore. (to wear) jeans when he ...went... (to go) to the cinema.

adv. ago

ten minutes ago = ten minutes in the pastfive weeks ago = five weeks in the pastthree years ago = three years in the past

eg. I spoke to my friend ten minutes ago.He came to England five weeks ago.They went to Paris three years ago.

Q. Did you speak English 5 years ago ?A. No, I didn’t speak English 5 years ago.

Q. When did you first come to this school ?A. I first came to this school … months ago.

end of page 79

Q. When did you last cook dinner ?A. I last cooked dinner last night.

Q. When did you last do the washing up ?A. I last did the washing up last night.

Q. Did you study English at school ?A. Yes, I studied English at school.

Q. How long ago ?A. 10 years ago.


The verb to be is irregular in the simple past.

I wasyou werehe/she wasit waswe wereyou werethey were

Q. What is the past of the verb to be ?A. The past of the verb to be is I was, you were, he was, she was, ... etc.

Q. Were you here yesterday ?A. Yes, I was here yesterday.

Q. Was he/she here yesterday ?A. Yes, she was here yesterday.

Q. Was I your teacher three weeks ago ?A. Yes, you were my teacher three weeks ago.

Q. Were you in this city two months ago ?A. Yes, I was in this city two months ago.

Q. Was there a film on television last night ?A. Yes, there was a film on television last night.

Q. Did you watch it ?A. Yes, I watched it.

Q. Was it good ?A. No, it wasn’t good.

Q. Were you here last Sunday ?A. No, I wasn’t here last Sunday.

Q. How many students were here yesterday ?A. … students were here yesterday.


n. time first timelast time

eg. The first time I had Chinese food was three years ago.The last time I cooked dinner was on Saturday night.

Q. When was the first time you studied English ?A. The first time I studied English was … years ago.

Q. When was the first time you used a computer ?A. The first time I used a computer was … years ago.

Q. When was the last time you spoke to your parents ?A. The last time I spoke to my parents was last week.

Q. When was the last time you spoke your language ?A. The last time I spoke my language was this morning.

end of page 80

n. subjectn. science n. maths (mathematics) n. geographyn. history n. English

Q. Did you study English at school ?A. Yes, I studied English at school.

Q. What subjects did you study at school ?A. I studied science, maths, geography, history and English at school.

Q. What was your favourite subject at school ?A. Geography was my favourite subject at school.

Q. Did you study maths at school ?A. Yes, I studied maths at school.

Q. Did you like it ?A. No, I didn’t like it.

Q. In what subject do we study the past ?A. We study the past in history.


Here are some irregular verbs.

think thoughtunderstand understoodteach taughtread read

Q. What is the past of teach ?A. The past of teach is taught.

Q. Did I teach you last week ?A. Yes, you taught me last week.

Q. What is the past of understand ?A. The past of understand is understood.

Q. Did you understand your first lesson at this school ?A. No, I didn’t understand my first lesson at this school.

Q. What is the past of read ?A. The past of read is read.

Q. When was the last time you read a newspaper ?A. The last time I read a newspaper was yesterday.

Q. What is the past of think ?A. The past of think is thought.

adj. interesting adj. boring

Q. What subjects did you think were interesting at school ?A. I thought geography and history were interesting at school.

Q. What subjects did you think were boring at school ?A. I thought maths and science were boring at school.

Q. Give me an example of an interesting :a. film. A. ‘Star Wars’ is an example of an interesting film.

b. book. A. ‘Oliver Twist’ is an example of an interesting book.


c. person.A. Nelson Mandela is an example of an interesting person.

Q. Do you think watching sport on television is interesting or boring ?A. I think watching sport on television is interesting.

v. to remember v. to forget

Q. Can you remember my name ?A. Yes, I can remember your name.

Q. What is the opposite of to remember ?A. The opposite of to remember is to forget.

Q. Can you remember the telephone number of this school ?A. No, I can’t remember the telephone number of this school.

Q. Do you ever forget to call your parents ?A. Yes, I sometimes forget to call my parents.

Q. Do old people often forget things ?A. Yes, old people often forget things.

Q. Can you always remember which is left and which is right ?A. Yes, I can always remember which is left and which is right.

end of page 81

Some more irregular verbs :

know knewwrite wroteforget forgotspell spelt

Q. What is the past of to know ?A. The past of to know is knew.

Q. Did you know me two weeks ago ?A. Yes, I knew you two weeks ago.

Q. What is the past of to write ?A. The past of to write is wrote.


Q. Did you write any letters last week ?A. Yes, I wrote two letters last week.

Q. Who did you write to ?A. I wrote to my family.

Q. What is the past of to forget ?A. The past of to forget is forgot.

Q. Do you ever forget your English books ?A. Yes, I sometimes forget my English books.

Q. When was the last time you forgot your English books ?A. The last time I forgot my English books was yesterday.

Q. What is the past of to spell ?A. The past of to spell is spelt.

Q. Spell my name.A. GAYLE.

Q. Did he/she spell my name right ?A. Yes, he spelt your name right.

exerciseWrite the past tense of these verbs.

1. I ......knew....... (to know) the answer to the question.2. He ...read........ (to read) the newspaper and ......went.... (to go) to bed.3. She ..wrote.................... (to write) a letter to her parents yesterday.4. They ...were.. (to be) happy when they ...were......... (to be) children.5. I .watched.. (to watch) the news in English and I ...understood.. (to understand) it.6. He .....forgot....... (to forget) his mother’s address.7. Yesterday he .....spelt........ (to spell) my name wrong.8. He ...thought.... (to think) the film .....was....... (to be) very good.

Some more irregular verbs

make madesing sangdrink drankbuy bought


Q. Do you ever make dinner at home ?A. Yes, I sometimes make dinner at home.

Q. When was the last time you made dinner ?A. The last time I made dinner as last night.

Q. Who sang :a. Imagine ?A. John Lennon sang ‘Imagine’.

b. Help!A. The Beatles sang ‘Help!’.

end of page 82

Q. When was the last time you went to the pub ?A. The last time I went to the pub was last night.

Q. What did you drink ?A. I drank lager.

Q. Did you go shopping last weekend ?A. Yes, I went shopping last weekend.

Q. What did you buy ?A. I bought some food.

years, dates and numbers

number adjective

1 one first = 1st.2 two second = 2nd.3 three third = 3rd.4 four fourth = 4th.5 five fifth = 5th.6 six sixth = 6th.7 seven seventh = 7th.8 eight eighth = 8th.9 nine ninth = 9th.10 ten tenth = 10th.


A very easy way to remember how to say and write these adjective numbers is that they end in ‘th’.BUT we say: 1st, 2nd and 3rd. or 21st, 22nd, 23rd or 31st, 32nd, and 33rd etc.

Q. What is the first day of the week ?A. Monday is the first day of the week.

Q. What is the third day of the week ?A. Wednesday is the first day of the week.

Q. What is the fifth day of the week ?A. Friday is the fifth day of the week.

Q. What is the last day of the week ?A. Sunday is the last day of the week.

Q. What is the first month of the year ?A. January is the first month of the year.

Q. What is the eighth month of the year ?A. August is the eight month of the year.

Q. What is the tenth month of the year ?A. October is the tenth month of the year.

Q. What is the last month of the year ?A. December is the last month of the year.

n. the year

When we say the year in English we make two numbers :1965 = 19 65 (nineteen sixtyfive)1939 = 19 39 (nineteen thirtynine)2010 = 20 10 (twenty ten)

Q. Say these years: 1965 – nineteen sixty five.1922 – nineteen twenty two1969 – nineteen sixty nine2011 two thousand and eleven.1971 – nineteen seventy one1939* nineteen thirty nine


Q. What year is it ?A. It is the year … .

Q. What year was it last year ?A. It was … last year.

end of page 838Q. What year was it 10 years ago ?A. It was … 10 years ago.

Q. What year did your parents get married ?A. My parents got married in … .

n. the date

we write : 4th August we say : the fourth of Augustwe write : 19th May we say : the nineteenth of Maywe write : 10th October we say : the tenth of October

Q. Say these dates :a. 25th December A. The twenty fifth of December.

b. 1st JanuaryA. The first of January.

c. 19th November A. The nineteenth of November.

d. 14th FebruaryA. The fourteenth of February.

Q. What is today’s date ?A. Today’s date is the … of … .

Q. What was yesterday’s date ?A. Yesterday’s date was the … of … .

Q. What was the date two days ago ?A. The date two days ago was the … of … .


n. birthday n. Christmas

Q. When is Christmas ?A. Christmas is on the 25th of December.

Q. When is your birthday ?A. My birthday is on ...

Q. When is his/her birthday ? Ask.A. When is your birthday ?

Q. Can you remember your seventh birthday ?A. No, I can’t remember my seventh birthday.

v. to be born past simple = I was born, you were born etc.

eg. My mother was born on 12th July,1937.I was born on 20th January, 1977.

Q. When were you born ?A. I was born on the … of …, … .

Q. Where were you born ?A. I was born in … .

Q. When was he/she born ? Ask.A. When were you born ?

Q. Who was born on Christmas Day about 2000 years ago ?A. Jesus was born on Christmas Day about 2000 years ago.

n. life n. death

Q. Is your life interesting or boring ?A. My life is interesting.

Q. Give me an example of someone who had a very interesting life.A. John Lennon had a very interesting life.

Q. Do you think there is life after death ?A. Yes, I think there is life after death.

end of page 84


n. party n. present to give a present to get a present

Q. Do you like parties ?A. Yes, I like parties.

Q. What do people do at parties ?A. People drink, chat and dance at parties.

Q. Did you have a party on your last birthday ?A. Yes, I had a party on my last birthday.

Q. Did anyone sing ‘Happy Birthday’ ?A. No, no one sang ‘Happy Birthday’.

Q. When was the last time you went to a party ?A. The last time I went to a party was last weekend.

Q. Was it good ?A. Yes, it was very good.

Q. Do you like giving people presents ?A. Yes, I like giving people presents.

Q. What presents did you get on your last birthday ?A. I got a walkman and a jumper on my last birthday.

Q. Do you prefer giving presents or getting presents ?A. I prefer getting presents.

Q. What was the last present you bought ?A. The last present I bought was a book.

Q. Who did you buy it for ?A. I bought it for my brother.

Here are some irregular verbs.

keep keptsell soldput putgive gavesleep slept


mean meantrun ran

Q. What is the past of :a. keep ? A. The past of keep is kept.

b. sell ?A. The past of sell is sold.

c. put ? A. The past of put is put.

d. give ?A. The past of give is gave.

e. sleep ?A. the past of sleep is slept.

f. mean ?A. The past of mean is meant.

run ?A. The past of run is ran.

v. to start + gerund v. to finish + gerund

eg. I started teaching English 5 years ago.This lesson started 5 minutes ago.We finished eating dinner and started watching television.I finished school when I was 18.

Q. When did you start studying English ?A. I started studying English … ago.

Q. When did this lesson start ?A. This lesson started … ago.

Q. How old were you when you started school ?A. I was … years old when I started school.


Q. How old were you when you finished school ?A. I was 18 years old when I finished school.

Q. When did I start teaching you English ?A. You started teaching me English …ago.

end of page 85

The verb can is irregular.

present past simplecan / can’t could / couldn’t

Q. Can you speak English ?A. Yes, I can speak English.

Q. Could you speak English when you were a child ?A. No, I couldn’t speak English when I was a child.

Q. Can you usually understand me ?A. Yes, I can usually understand you.

Q. Could you understand me on your first day here ?A. No, I couldn’t understand you on my first day here.

Q. Could you swim well when you were a child ?A. No, I couldn’t swim well when I was a child.

v. to happen

We often use happen in questions.

eg. What happens to people when they drink a lot ?What happened at the end of the film ?

NB. We don’t say: At the end of the film happened ...

Q. What usually happens at the beginning of the lesson ?*A. You usually say ‘Hello’ at the beginning of the lesson.

Q. What is happening now in this classroom ?A. We’re studying English now in this classroom.


Q. What happens when people drink a lot of wine ?A. People get drunk when they drink a lot of wine.

Q. What tense do we use for an action that happens:a. in the past ?A. We use the past simple for an action that happens in the past.

b. now ?A. We use the present continuous for an action that happens now.

Q. Did anything interesting happen yesterday ?A. Yes, my friend called me from China yesterday.

end of page 86


Unit 8

v. to get upgot up

Q. What time do you usually get up ?A. I usually get up at 8 o’clock.

Q. What time did you get up this morning ?A. I got up at … o’clock this morning.

Q. Do you like getting up at 6 o’clock in the morning ?A. No, I don’t like getting up at 6 o’clock in the morning.

v. to go to bedwent to bed

Q. What time do you usually go to bed ?A. I usually go to bed at 12 o’clock.

Q. What time did you go to bed last night ?A. I went to bed at … o’clock last night.

Q. Do you ever read when you go to bed ?A. Yes, I sometimes read when I go to bed.

adj. early adj. late

Q. Did you go to bed late last night ?A. Yes, I went to bed late last night.

Q. Do you prefer getting up early or late ?A. I prefer getting up … .

Q. Do you prefer going to bed early or late ?A. I prefer going to bed … .

Q. What time did you get up this morning ?A. I got up at … this morning.

Q. Do you think that is early or late ?A. I think that is … .© Avalon Book Company Ltd. 149

Q. What time did you go to bed last night ?A. I went to bed at … o’clock last night.

Q. Do you think that is early or late ?A. I think that’s … .

Q. Are the trains and buses ever late in this city ?A. Yes, the trains and buses are sometimes late in this city.

Q. Do you ever walk home from school ?A. No, I never walk home from school.

Q. Say something nice to him/her.A. I like your shoes.

Q. Do you go to bed later at the weekends ?A. Yes, I go to bed later at the weekends.

to be early / late for something

Q. Are you ever late for school ?A. Yes, I’m sometimes late for school.

Q. Are you ever early for school ?A. No, I’m never early for school.

Q. Are you ever late for work ?A. No, I’m never late for work.

end of page 8788 Q. Were you late for school today ?A. No, I wasn’t late for school today.

Q. Yesterday ?A. No, I wasn’t late for school yesterday.

Q. Last week ?A. Yes, I was late for school last week.


adj. asleep adj. awake

Q. Are you asleep or awake ?A. I’m awake.

Q. Were you awake at 7 o’clock this morning ?A. No, I wasn’t awake at 7 o’clock this morning.

Q. Were you asleep at 12 o’clock last night ?A. No, I wasn’t asleep at 12 o’clock last night.

Q. How do you know when someone is asleep ?A. I know when someone is asleep because their eyes are closed.

v. to die adj. dead adj. alive died

Q. Is Mozart alive or dead ?A. Mozart is dead.

Q. When did he die ?A. Mozart died in 1791.

Q. Can you die from smoking ?A. Yes, I can die from smoking.

Q. Who died on 31st August, 1997 ?*A. Princess Diana died on 31st August, 1997.

Q. Is it good to be alive ?A. Yes, it’s good to be alive.

adv. still

Q. How old were you a year ago ?A. I was … a year ago.

Q. Are you still ... ?A. No, I’m not still … .


Q. Did you live with your parents when you were a child ?A. Yes, I lived with my parents when I was a child.

Q. Are you still living with your parents now ?A. No, I’m not still living with my parents now.

Q. Were you asleep at 6 o’clock this morning ?A. Yes, I was asleep at 6 o’clock this morning.

Q. Are you still asleep now ?A. No, I’m not still asleep now.

Q. Was the weather horrible or nice yesterday ?A. The weather was … yesterday.

Q. Is it still horrible/nice today ?A. Yes, it’s still … today.

How far ? adj. nearn. metre n. kilometre

Q. Do you live near this school ?A. No, I don’t live near this school.

Q. How far do you live from this school ?A. I live about … kilometres from this school.

Q. About how far is New York from here ?A. New York is about (7) hours from here.

Q. Is there a pub near this school ?A. Yes, there is a pub near this school.

Q. Are you sitting near the window ?A. No, I’m not sitting near the window.

Q. About how far are you from the window ?A. I am about … metres from the window.

end of page 8889


prepositions of place

prep. next to prep. opposite*prep. in front of prep. behind

Q. What is opposite:a. this school ?A. A shop is opposite this school.

b. your house ?A. A pub is opposite my house.

Q. Am I standing in front of you or behind you ?A. You’re standing in front of me.

Q. Is there a garden :a. in front of your house ?A. No, there isn’t a garden in front of my house.

b. behind your house ?A. Yes, there is a garden behind my house.

Q. Who is sitting next to you ?A. … is sitting next to me.

Q. What is next to this school ?A. There is a … next to this school.

adv. nearly adv. almost

Nearly and almost mean the same thing.

eg. My brother is nearly 2 metres tall. (He is1.98m tall.)It’s almost Christmas! (It’s the 23rd of December.)It’s nearly 5 o’clock. (It’s 4.57)

Q. When it’s 11.29, what do we say ?A. When it’s 11.29, we say it’s nearly 11. 30.

Q. When it’s 6.43, what do we say ?A. When it’s 6.43, we say it’s nearly 6.45.


Q. Is this book almost finished ?A. Yes, this book is almost finished.

Q. Are you nearly asleep ?A. No, I’m not nearly asleep.

n. future n. tomorrow

Yesterday is the past.Today is the present.Tomorrow is the future.

Q. Is yesterday the past ?A. Yes, yesterday is the past.

Q. Is today the present ?A. Yes, today is the present.

Q. Is tomorrow the future ?A. Yes, tomorrow is the future.

the future simple will

We use the future simple for an action in the future.will + infinitive I will go contraction = I’ll go ...will + not + infinitive I will not go contraction = I won’t go ...

eg. I will be 20 on 25th December.I’ll go on holiday in July.I won’t be here tomorrow.

Q. Will you come to the lesson tomorrow ?A. Yes, I will come to the lesson tomorrow.

end of page 89

Q. What time will you start studying tomorrow ?A. I will start studying at … tomorrow.

Q. What time will you finish studying today ?A. I will finish studying at … today.


Q. Will you be awake at 9 o’clock this evening ?A. Yes, I will be awake at 9 o’clock this evening.

Q. Will you still be awake at 12 o’clock ?A. Yes, I will still be awake at 12 o’clock.

Q. Will I come to the lesson tomorrow ? Ask.A. Will you come to the lesson tomorrow ?

Because we don’t always know what will happen in the future, we often use I think + will.

eg. I think I will have chicken for dinner tonight.I think the film will be very good.

Q. What time do you think you will go to bed tonight ?A. I think I will go to bed at … o’clock tonight.

Q. What time do you think you will get up tomorrow ?A. I think I will get up at … o’clock tomorrow.

Q. What do you think you will do this weekend ?A. I think I will go to the pub this weekend.

Q. How many students do you think there will be here tomorrow ?A. I think there will be … students here tomorrow.

adj. next

We use last for the past : last week, last month, last year.We use next for the future : next week, next month, next year.

Q. What will next month be ?A. Next month will be … .

Q. What will next year be ?A. Next year will be … .

Q. What will the date be tomorrow ?A. The date will be the … of … tomorrow.


Q. Do you think you’ll still be at this school next month ?A. Yes, I think I’ll still be at this school next month.

Q. Where do you think you’ll live next year ?A. I think I’ll live in Poland next year.

Q. How old were you on your last birthday ?A. I was … on my last birthday.

Q. How old will you be on your next birthday ?A. I’ll be … on my next birthday.

Q. How old was he/she on his/her last birthday ?A. How old were you on your last birthday ?

Q. How old will he/she be on his/her next birthday ? Ask !A. How old will you be on your next birthday ?

adj. rich adj. poor

Q. Give me an example of a very rich person.A. Mick Jagger is an example of a very rich person.

Q. Are you rich ?A. No, I’m not rich.

Q. Do you think you will be rich in the future ?A. Yes, I think I’ll be rich in the future.

Q. Do you think there will always be rich people and poor people ?A. Yes, I think there’ll always be rich people and poor people.

Q. Do you think rich people are usually happier than poor people ?A. Yes, I think rich people are usually happier than poor people.

end of page 90

adj. famous

Q. Give me an example of a famous person.A. Pavarotti is an example of a famous person.


Q. Are famous people often rich ?A. Yes, famous people are often rich.

Q. Do you think you will be famous in the future ?A. Yes, I think I’ll be famous in the future.

Q. Which famous person wrote, ‘To be or not to be, that is the question.’A. William Shakespeare wrote, ‘To be or not to be that is the question.’

v. to cross prep. acrossn. bridge

Q. Do you cross the street when you come to school ?A. Yes, I cross the street when I come to school.

Q. Is there a river in this city ?A. Yes, there is the river in this city.

Q. About how many bridges are there across it ?A. There’re about … bridges across it.

Q. Why is it sometimes difficult to cross the road ?A. It’s sometimes difficult to cross the road because there’re a lot of cars.

Q. Give me an example of a famous bridge ?A. The Golden Gate in San Francisco is an example of a famous bridge.

Q. What kind of things do bridges cross ?A. Bridges cross rivers and roads.

n. tunnel prep. through

Q. What kind of things do tunnels go under ?A. Tunnels go under roads and the sea.

Q. Do you travel through a tunnel when you come to school ?A. No, I don’t travel through a tunnel when I come to school.

Q. Who was the last person to come through that door ?A. You were the last person to come through that door.

Q. Do you walk across a bridge or through a bridge ?A. I walk (a)cross a bridge.© Avalon Book Company Ltd. 157

v. to talk prep. aboutto talk to someone to talk about a subject

eg. I talked to my mother on the phone yesterday.My friend likes talking about football.

Q. Who am I talking to ?A. You’re talking to me.

Q. Who do you talk to when you are sad ?A. I talk to my friends when I’m sad.

Q. Do you think men and women talk about the same things ?A. No, I don’t think men and women talk about the same things.

Q. What kind of things do you talk to your friends about ?A. I talk to my friends about sport.

Q. What kind of things do you talk to your parents about ?A. I talk to my parents about my life abroad.

Q. Talk about your country ?A. My country is quite big. There’re a lot of mountains and some big cities. It’s quite cold in winter and cold in the summer.

end of page 9192

n. apostrophe

1. We use an apostrophe with the possessive ’s.eg. This is Andy’s book.When the noun is plural, the apostrophe comes after the s:eg. The boys’ shirts were very dirty.With irregular plurals (ie. plurals without s) the apostrophe comes before the s.eg. The children’s books were on the floor.

2. We use an apostrophe with contractions.eg. I can’t speak French.He’s got a new computer.They didn’t go on holiday last year.


3. We use an apostrophe when we talk about time in the future.eg. In 1 year’s time = 1 year in the futureIn 2 years’ time = 2 years in the future*In 10 minutes’ time = 10 minutes in the future*

Q. How old are you ?A. I’m … .

Q. How old will you be in 10 years’ time ?A. I’ll be … in 10 years’ time.

Q. What is today’s date ?A. Today’s date is the … of … .

Q. What will the date be in 2 days’ time ?A. The date will be the … of … in 2 days’ time.

Q. Do you think you’ll still be at this school in a year’s time ?A. Yes, I think I’ll still be at this school in a year’s time.

Q. Do you think you will be rich in 10 years’ time ?A. Yes, I think I’ll be rich in 10 years’ time.

adv. soon

He will be here soon. (In about 5 minutes’ time.)I will go on holiday soon. (In about two weeks’ time.)It will be my birthday soon. (In a month’s time.)

Q. Will you go on holiday soon ?A. Yes, I’ll go on holiday soon.

Q. How soon ?A. In … time.

Q. Will it be your birthday soon ?A. Yes, it will be my birthday soon.

Q. How soon ?A. In … time.


Q. Give me an example of something that you will do soon.A. I’ll go home soon.

Q. Give me an example of something that will happen soon.A. It’ll get dark soon.

Q. Will you speak good English soon ?A. Yes, I’ll speak good English soon.

Q. How soon ?A. In about...time.

end of page 9293

comparatives (2)Remember : We use the letters ‘er’ to make a comparative with 1 syllable adjectives

adjective comparativebig biggersmall smallernice nicer

1. We use the letters ‘er’ to make a comparative with 2 syllable adjectives ending in y.

adjective comparativehappy happiereasy easierdirty dirtier

2. For adjectives of two and three syllables, we add the words more or less to make the comparative :

adjective comparative comparativefamous more famous than less famous thanexpensive more expensive than less expensive thaninteresting more interesting than less interesting thanbeautiful more beautiful than less beautiful than

eg. Champagne is more expensive than wine.I thought geography was more interesting than maths at school.


Q. Give me an example of a famous writer from your country.A. … is a famous writer from my country.

Q. Do you think he/she is more famous than Shakespeare ?A. No, I don’t he’s more famous than Shakespeare.

Q. What was your favourite subject at school ?A. … was my favourite subject at school.

Q. Did you think it was more interesting than English ?A. Yes, I thought it was more interesting than English.

Q. Do you think your city is more beautiful than London ?A. No, I don’t think my city is more beautiful than London.

Q. Do you think reading English is more difficult than writing English ?A. No, I don’t think reading English is more difficult than writing English.

Q. Do you think food will be more expensive next year ?A. Yes, I think food’ll be more expensive next year.

Q. Where does the teacher usually stand ?A. The teacher usually stands in front of us.

Q. Do you think it will rain tomorrow ?A. Yes, think it’ll rain tomorrow.

Q. Do you go across a tunnel or through a tunnel ?A. I go through a tunnel.

end of page 93

subject + verb + object

n. object

An English sentence usually has a subject, a verb and an object.

eg. Mozart wrote music.My sister plays football.John likes apples.


Q. Which word is :a. the subject ?A. ‘John’ is the subject.

b. the verb ?A. ‘likes’ is the verb.

c. the object ?A. ‘apples’ is the object.

Claire ate a banana.

Q. Which word is :a. the subject ?A. ‘Claire’ is the subject.

b. the verb ?A. ‘ate’ is the verb.

c. the object ?A. ‘banana’ is the object.

subject pronoun object pronoun

I meyou youhe/she him/herit itwe usyou youthey them

Q. What are the subject pronouns ?A. The subject pronouns are : I, you, he, she, it, we, you, they.

Q. What are the object pronouns ?A. The object pronouns are : me, you, him, her, it us, you, them.

He knows me.


Q. Which word is :a. the subject pronoun ?A. He is the subject pronoun.

b. the object pronoun ?A. me is the object pronoun.

She forgot him.

Q. Which word is :a. the subject pronoun ?A. She is the subject pronoun.

b. the object pronoun ?A. him is the object pronoun.

They liked it.

Q. Which word is :a. the subject pronoun ?A. They is the subject pronoun.

b. the object pronoun ?A. it is the object pronoun.

Q. What did you have for breakfast this morning ?A. I had cereal for breakfast this morning.

Q. Did you enjoy it ?A. Yes, I enjoyed it.

Q. Do you ever watch films on television ?A. Yes, I sometimes watch films on television.

Q. Do you always like them ?A. No, I don’t always like them.

Q. Do you know him/her ?A. Yes, I know her.

Q. What is the object pronoun for :a. IA. Me is the object pronoun for I.


b. you A. You is the object pronoun for you.

c. he A. Him is the object pronoun for he.

d. sheA. Her is the object pronoun for she.

e. it A. It is the object pronoun for it.

f. weA. Us is the object pronoun for we.

g. they ?A. Them is the object pronoun for they.

end of page 94

n. the difference* prep. between

Q. What is the difference between someone and something ?A. We use someone for people and something for things.

Q. What is the difference between bad and badly ?A. Bad is an adjective and badly is an adverb.

Q. What is the difference between I and me ?A. I is a subject pronoun and me is an object pronoun.

Q. What is the difference between they and them ?A. They is a subject pronoun and them is an object pronoun.

Q. What is the difference between I sit and I am sitting ?A. I sit is present simple and I’m sitting is present continuous.

Q. What is the difference between I am and I was ?A. I am is present simple and I was is past simple.

Q. What is the difference between a cupboard and a wardrobe ?A. We put cups and plates in a cupboard and we put clothes in a wardrobe.© Avalon Book Company Ltd. 164

n. place

New York beachAustralia restaurantkitchen street

eg. New York is a place in America.A kitchen is a place to cook food in a house.

Q. Is New York a big place ?A. Yes, New York is a big place.

Q. What is your favourite place for a holiday ?A. The beach is my favourite place for a holiday.

Q. Are there any beautiful places in your country ?A. Yes, the south is a beautiful place in my country.

Q. What kind of place is Australia ?A. Australia is a big hot country.

Q. Do you think London is an interesting place ?A. Yes, I think London is an interesting place.

Q. Do you know a good place to eat near here ?A. Yes, I know a good place to eat near here.

v. to come back v. to go back

Remember : we come here (the place where you are)we go there (a different place)

We use come back when you come to a place you were before.eg. I will go on holiday tomorrow but I will come back here next Saturday.

We use go back when you go to a place you were before.eg. I went to France last year and I think I will go back there this summer.

Q. When will you go back to your country ?A. I’ll go back to my country in (May).


Q. Do you think you will ever come back here ?A. Yes, I think I’ll come back here.

Q. Where did you go on holiday last year ?A. I went to Spain last year.

Q. Do you think you’ll you go back there ?A. Yes, I think I’ll go back there.

Q. Do you like this school ?A. Yes, I like this school.

Q. Will you come back in the future ?A. No, I won’t come back in the future.

Q. Do you usually go back to a restaurant when the food was bad the first time ?A. No, I don’t usually go back to a restaurant when the food was bad the first time.

end of page 95

v. to bring (back) v. to take (back)brought took

Bring means to come here with something.Take means to go there with something.

eg. I always bring my book to the lesson.I always take my bag home after school.

Q. What things do you always bring to school ?A. I always bring my pen, my book and my dictionary to school.

Q. Do you always take them home after the lesson ?A. Yes, I always take them home after the lesson.

Q. Do you ever bring food or drink to the classroom ?A. No, I never bring food or drink to the classroom.

Q. What is the past simple of:a. to bring ?A. The past simple of to bring is brought.


b. to take ?A. The past simple of to bring is brought.

Q. What did you bring to school today ?A. I brought my pen, my book and my dictionary to school today.

Q. What things did you take on your last holiday ?A. I took shorts and Tshirts on my last holiday.

Q. What kind of things do you take on a holiday :a. in the mountains ?A. I take warm clothes and skis on a holiday in the mountains.

b. on the beach ?A. I take sunglasses and swimming trunks on a holiday on the beach.

Q. Do you always remember to take your bag home with you ?A. Yes, I always remember to take my bag home with me.

Q. Did you take your bag home after the lesson yesterday ?A. Yes, I took my bag home after the lesson yesterday.

Q. What will you take back to your country ?A. I will take presents for my family back to my country.

Q. Where do you keep your glasses when you are not using them ?A. I keep my glasses in my pocket when I’m not using them.

Q. What is the difference between a bowl and a plate ?A. We eat soup from a bowl and vegetables from a plate.

Q. Give me an example of an interesting place in your country.A. …is an example of an interesting place in my county.

Q. Do you ever forget to bring your book to school ?A. No, I never forget to bring my book to school.

v. to laugh v. to crylaughed cried

Q. What do children do when they are :a. very happy ?A. Children laugh when they’re very happy.


b. very sad ?A. Children cry when they’re very sad.

Q. Do people laugh a lot when they are drunk ?A. Yes, people laugh a lot when they’re drunk.

Q. When do babies cry ?A. Babies cry when they’re hungry.

Q. Do you think children laugh more than adults ?A. Yes, I think children laugh more than adults.

Q. Do people ever cry when they are happy ?A. Yes, people sometimes cry when they’re happy.

adj. funny n. actor n. actress

Q. What do people do when they think something is very funny ?A. People laugh when they think something is very funny.

Q. Do you like funny films ?A. Yes, I like funny films.

end of page 96

Q. Give me an example of an actor/actress who is often in funny films.A. Steve Martin is an example of an actor who is often in funny films.

Q. What kind of things do people laugh about ?A. People about toilets.

possessive adjectives possessive pronouns

my mineyour yourshis hisher hersour oursyour yourstheir theirs


Remember we use pronouns when we don’t use a noun.

eg. This is my bag.This is mine. (mine = my bag)His shoes are cleaner than mine. (mine = my shoes)Q. Whose book is that ?A. It’s hers.Q. Whose dog is that ?A. It’s theirs.

Q. Whose book is this ?A. It’s yours.

Q. Whose shoes are those ?A. They’re his.

Q. Whose trousers are these ?A. They’re yours.

Q. Is that pen yours ?A. Yes, it’s mine.

Q. Are your shoes cleaner than mine ?A. No, my shoes aren’t cleaner than yours.

Q. Is my hair longer or shorter than yours ?A. Your hair is … than mine.

Q. Is your country bigger than theirs ?A. Yes, my country is bigger than theirs.

end of page 97


Unit 9

verb forms

n. verb form n. past participle

A verb form is the present, the past and the past participle of a verb.The past participle of a regular verb is the same as the past simple.So, the verb form of ‘to use’ is : use present

used past simpleused past participle

Q. What is the verb form of :a. to use ?A. The verb form of to use is : use used used.

b. to like ?A. The verb form of to like is : like liked liked.

c. to play ?A. The verb form of to play is : play played played.

d. to walk ?A. The verb form of to walk is : walk walked walked.

irregular verb forms

Some English verbs are irregular.Here are some irregular verb forms.

present past simple past participle

have had hadknow knew knownteach taught taught

Q. What is the verb form of to have ?A. The verb form of to have is: have had had.


Q. What is the verb form of to know ?A. The verb form of to know is : know knew known.

Q. What is the verb form of to teach ?A. The verb form of to teach is : teach taught taught.

the present perfect (1)

We make the present perfect with the verb to have and the past participle:

I have taught English for three years.subject + to have + past participle

eg. The present perfect of the verb to teach is :I have taught we have taughtyou have taught you have taughthe/ she has taught they have taught

We often use the present perfect when an action starts in the past and is still happening in the present.

eg. I started teaching English 3 years ago and I am still teaching English now.So, I have taught English for three years.

end of page 9899Q. How long have you known me ?A. I have known you for ...

Q. Do you have a job?A. Yes, I have a job.

Q. How long have you had your job ?A. I have had my job for a month.

Q. When did you buy your book ?A. I bought my book … ago.

Q. How long have you had it ?A. I have had it for … .


Q. Who is your favourite actor ?A. … is my favourite actor.

Q. How long have you liked him/her ?A. I have liked him since …

Q. How long have I taught you English ?A. You have taught me English for… .

been

The past participle of the verb to be is been.So, the present perfect of the verb to be is :

I have been we have beenyou have been you have beenhe/she has been they have beenit has been

Q. How long have you been in this city ?A. I have been in this city for … .

Q. How long have you been in this classroom ?A. I have been in this classroom for … .

Q. What is your father’s/mother’s job ?A. My … is a … .

Q. How long has he/she been a ... ?A. He has been a … for … .

Q. How long have I been a teacher ? Ask me.A. How long have you been a teacher ?

Q. How long has he/she been a student at this school ? Ask.A. How long have you been a student at this school ?

prep. for prep. since

We use for to say how long an action has happened.eg. I have taught English for three years.


We use since to say when an action started.eg. I have taught English since 1997.

Q. How long have you known me ?A. I have known you for … .

Q. Since when ?A. Since … .

Q. How long have you been in this city ?A. I’ve been in this city for.

Q. Since when ?A. Since …

Q. How long have you been at school today ?A. I’ve been at school for … today.

Q. Since what time ?A. Since … .

Q. Give me an example of the present perfect with since.A. I’ve studied English since October.

end of page 99

Here are some irregular verb forms:

present past past participlewrite wrote writtenread read read*make made made

Q. What is the verb form of :a. to write ?A. The verb form of to write is : write wrote written.

b. to read ?A. The verb form of to read is : read read read.

c. to make ?A. The verb form of to make is : make made made.


present perfect (2)

We can use the present perfect to talk about the things we have done in our life.

eg. I have read ‘Romeo and Juliet’.I have taught English in France.

We often use the word ever to ask questions about people’s lives.The word ever means ‘In your life’.We use ever for questions but not in answers.

eg. Q. Have you ever studied English history ?A. Yes, I have studied English history. NOT Yes I have ever...We use never for negative answers.

eg. Q. Have you ever studied German ?A. No, I have never studied German.

Q. Have you ever used a computer ?A. Yes, I have used a computer.

Q. Have you ever lived in America ?A. No, I’ve never lived in America.

Q. Have you ever watched a French film ?A. No, I’ve never watched a French film.

Q. Have you ever read an English newspaper ?A. Yes, I have read an English newspaper.

Q. Have you ever written a letter in English ?A. Yes, I have written a letter in English.

Q. Have you ever made dinner for your family ?A. No, I’ve never made dinner for my family.

Q. Have you ever had :a. an English breakfast ?A. Yes, I’ve had an English breakfast.

b. beer for breakfast ?A. No, I’ve never had beer for breakfast.


c. Indian food ?A. Yes, I’ve had Indian food.

v. to meet (someone) v. to seemet sawmet seen

Q. What is the verb form of to meet ?A. The verb form of to meet : is meet met met.

Q. What is the verb form of to see ?A. The verb form of to see is : see saw seen.

Q. When do people say when they meet for the first time ?A. People say ‘How are you ?’ when they meet for the first time.

Q. When did you first meet me ?A. I first met you … ago.

end of page 100

Q. Have you ever met a famous person ?A. No, I’ve never met a famous person.

Q. Have you ever seen a famous person ?A. Yes, I’ve seen the Queen.

Q. What was the last film you saw ?A. The last film I saw was ‘…’.

Q. Have you ever seen :a. an elephant ?A. Yes, I have seen an elephant.

b. a spider that was bigger than your hand ?A. No, I’ve never seen a spider that was bigger than my hand.

Here are some more irregular verb forms.present past past participleforget forgot forgottendrink drank drunkbuy bought bought


Q. What is the verb form ofa. to forgetA. The verb form of to forget is : forget forgot forgotten.

b. to drinkA. The verb form of to drink is : drink drank drunk.

c. to buyA. The verb form of to buy is : buy bought bought.

Q. Have you ever forgotten your mother’s birthday ?A. No, I’ve never forgotten my mother’s birthday.

Q. Have you ever forgotten to bring your book to the lesson ?A. Yes, I’ve forgotten to bring my book to the lesson.

Q. Have you ever drunk Champagne ?A. No, I’ve never drunk Champagne.

Q. Have you ever drunk Champagne for breakfast ?A. No, I’ve never drunk Champagne for breakfast.

Q. Have you ever drunk more than one bottle of wine ?A. Yes, I’ve drunk more than one bottle of wine.

Q. Have you ever bought clothes from :a. a market ?A. Yes, I have bought clothes from a market.

b. a very expensive shop ?A. No, I have never bought clothes from a very expensive shop.

Q. Has anyone ever bought you something you didn’t want ?A. Yes, my mother has bought me a green and yellow jumper.

v. to stay n. hotel v. to wait (for)

Q. What kind of places do people stay in when they go on holiday ?A. People stay in hotels when they go on holiday.

Q. When was the last time you stayed in a hotel ?A. The last time a I stayed in a hotel was … ago.


Q. How long do you think you will stay in this city ?A. I think I will stay in this city for … .

Q. Have you ever stayed in an expensive hotel ?A. No, I’ve never stayed in an expensive hotel.

Q. Do you like waiting ?A. No, I don’t like waiting.

Q. What kind of things do people wait for ?A. People wait for buses and trains.

Q. Have you ever waited more than an hour for a bus ?A. No, I’ve never waited for more than an hour for a bus.

Q. Have you ever waited for someone who didn’t come ?A. Yes, I have waited for someone who didn’t come.

v. to try

The verb to try has two meanings :1. try + infinitive

eg. I try to get up early every morning but sometimes I can’t.I can’t always remember my students’ names but I always try.*

Q. What am I trying to do ?*A. You’re trying to (open the door).

end of page 101

Q. Have you ever tried to understand English radio ?A. Yes, I have tried to understand English radio.

Q. Do you always try hard to answer my questions ?A. Yes, I always try hard to answer your questions.

Q. Have you ever tried to make bread ?A. No, I’ve never tried to make bread

Q. Have you ever tried to stand on your head ?A. No, I’ve never tried to stand on my head.


Q. Has anyone ever tried to sell you something you didn’t want ?A. Yes, someone tried to sell me a car.

Q. Did you buy it ?A. No, I didn’t buy it.

2. try + noun/gerund = to do something for the first time

Q. Do you like trying new things ?A. Yes, I like trying new things.

Q. When was the first time you tried English food ?A. The first time I tried English food was … ago.

Q. Did you like it ?A. Yes, I liked it.

Q. Have you ever tried :a. snails ?A. Yes, I have tried snails.

b. rabbit ?A. No, I’ve never tried rabbit.

c. horse meat ?A. No, I’ve never tried horse meat.

Q. Have you ever tried waterskiing ?A. No, I’ve never tried waterskiing.

Q. Do you want to try it ?A. Yes, I want to try it.

Q. Is there anything you want to try ?A. Yes, I want to try (Korean food).

adj. particular particular time

A particular time is one time in the past or the future :an hour ago in 2 weeks’ timelast Tuesday next Thursday3rd January, 1 995 4th of August, 20355 years ago in 2 years’ time


When we talk about a particular time in the past we use the past simple.

I went to Africa 2 years ago. a particular timeI ate Chinese food last week. a particular timeMy mother worked in a shop in 1992. a particular timeHe was born on 28th of June, 1966. a particular time

Answer these questions with a particular time in the past.

Q. When were you born ?A. I was born on the … of …, … .

Q. When did Princess Diana die ?*A. Princess Diana died in July, 1997.

Q. When did you start school ?A. I started school when I was … years old.

Q. When was the first time you met me ?A. The first time I met you was … ago.

Q. When did this lesson begin ?A. This lesson began … ago.

Q. When was the last time you :a. went to the cinema ?A. The last time I went to the cinema was (last Saturday).

b. bought some new clothes ?A. The last time I bought some new clothes was … .

c. had foreign food ?A. The last time I had foreign food was … .

end of page 102

the present perfect and the past simple

1. We use the present perfect to talk about an action in the past but we do not say when it happened.


eg. Q. Have you ever lived in America ?A. Yes, I have lived in America. (We do not say when it happened.)

2. We use the past simple when we talk about an action that happened at a particular time in the past.

eg. Q. When did you live in America ?A. I lived in America 3 years ago. (We say when it happened at aparticular time in the past.)

Q. Have you ever stayed in a very bad hotel ?A. Yes, I’ve stayed in a very bad hotel.

Q. Do you know when he/she stayed there ?*A. No, I don’t know when he stayed there.

Q. Have you ever had a big party for your birthday ?A. Yes, I’ve had a big party for my birthday.

Q. Do you know when he/she had the party ?*A. No, I don’t know when he had the party.

Q. Have you ever stayed in Paris ?A. Yes, I’ve stayed in Paris.

Q. Do you know when he/she went there ?*A. No, I don’t now when he went there.

Q. Have you ever been very drunk ?A. Yes, I’ve been very drunk.

Q. When was the last time ?A. The last time was … .

Q. Have you ever waited for someone in the rain ?A. Yes, I’ve waited for … in the rain.

Q. Do you know when that happened ?*A. No, I don’t know when that happened.

Q. Have you ever seen a famous person ?A. Yes, I’ve seen a famous person.


Q. Who did you see ?A. I saw … .

Q. Where did you see him/her ?A. I saw him (in the supermarket).

Q. When did you see him/her ?A. I saw him … ago.

Q. Ask him/her a question about his/her life with the present perfect.A. Have you ever been to Egypt ?

Here are some more irregular verb forms.

present past past participle

eat ate eatensleep slept sleptget up got up got up

n. midday n. midnight

Q. What is the verb form of :a. to eat ?A. The verb form of to eat is : eat ate eaten.

b. to sleep ?A. The verb form of to sleep is : sleep slept slept.

c. to get up ?A. The verb form of to get up is : get up got up got up.

Q. Have you ever eaten frogs’ legs ?A. No, I’ve never eaten frogs’ legs.

Q. Have you ever slept on the floor ?A. Yes, I have slept on the floor.

Q. Have you ever got up later than midday ?A. No, I’ve never got up later than midday.

Q. Do you usually go to bed before or after midnight ?A. I usually go to bed before midnight.© Avalon Book Company Ltd. 181

end of page 103

v. to drive n. lorry n. vandrovedriven

Q. What is the verb form of to drive ?A. The verb form of to drive is : drive drove driven.

Q. Can you drive ?A. Yes, I can drive.

Q. Have you got a car ?A. Yes, I’ve got a car.

Q. Have you ever driven :a. a lorry ?A. No, I’ve never driven a lorry.b. a van ?A. Yes, I’ve driven a van.

Q. Have you ever driven a car very fast ?A. No, I’ve never driven a car very fast.

Q. Have you ever driven on the left ?A. Yes, I have driven on the left.

v. to ride n. a bicycle (bike)rode n. a horseridden n. a motorbike

Q. What is the verb form of to ride ?A. The verb form of to ride is : ride rode ridden.

Q. Have you ever ridden :a. a horse ?A. Yes, I have ridden a horse.

b. a motorbike ?A. Yes, I have ridden a motorbike.

c. an elephant ?A. No. I’ve never ridden an elephant.


Q. How old were you when you first rode a bicycle ?A. I was … years old when I first rode a bicycle.

v. to learnlearntlearnt*

Q. Have you learnt anything new today ?A. Yes, I’ve learnt something new today.

Q. What have you learnt ?A. I have learnt the verb ‘to ride’.

Q. How old were you when you :a. learnt to speak ?A. I was 2 years old when I learnt to speak.

b. learnt to write ?A. I was … years old when I learnt to write.

c. learnt to ride a bike ?A. I was … years old when I learnt to ride a bike.

Q. Have you ever tried to learn French ?A. Yes, I’ve tried to learn French.

Q. Was it easy or difficult ?A. It was difficult.

v. to fly n. aeroplane (plane)flew n. helicopterflown n. bird

Q. What is the verb form of to fly ?A. The verb form of to fly is : fly flew flown.

Q. Did you fly to this country ?A. Yes, I flew to this country.

Q. Have you ever flown in an aeroplane ?A. Yes, I’ve flown in an aeroplane.


Q. Have you ever flown in a helicopter ?A. No, I’ve never flown in a helicopter.

end of page 104

Q. Can birds fly ?A. Yes, birds can fly.

Q. At what time of day do birds sing ?A. Birds sing in the morning.

Q. What kind of birds do we eat ?A. We eat chickens, ducks and pigeons.

v. to get n. station* n. airport n. portn. train n. plane n. boatn. bus

Q. Where do you get a train ?A. I get a train from a station.

Q. Where do you get a plane ?A. I get a plane from an airport.

Q. Where do you get a boat ?A. I get a boat from a port.

Q. How can you get from an airport to the city ?A. I can get from an airport to the city by underground.

Q. What can you buy in an airport ?A. I can buy cigarettes and perfume in an airport.

v. to travel n. ticketsingle / one way standardreturn first class

Q. Do you like travelling ?A. Yes, I like travelling.

Q. Which countries do you want to travel to in the future ?A. I want to travel to Poland and Germany in the future.


Q. Do you usually buy a single or a return ticket when you travel abroad ?A. I usually buy a return ticket when I travel abroad.

Q. Have you ever travelled :a. by boat ?A. No, I’ve never travelled by boat.

b. by helicopter ?A. No, I’ve never travelled by helicopter.

c. first class ?A. Yes, I’ve travelled first class.

Q. Is it quicker to travel by boat or by plane ?A. It’s quicker to travel by plane.

Q. Is it cheaper to travel first class or standard ?A. It’s cheaper to travel standard.

Q. What kind of ticket do we buy when we want to go somewhere and come back ?A. We buy a return ticket when we want to go somewhere and come back.

adj. high adj. low

We use high and low for things, not people.

Q. What is the opposite of high ?A. The opposite of high is low.

Q. What is the difference between :a. tall and high ?A. We use tall for people and high for things.

b. short and low ?A. We use short for people and low for things.

Q. About how high does an aeroplane fly ? (10,000m)A. An aeroplane flies at about 10,000m.

Q. In which countries are there a lot of very high mountains ?A. There are a lot of very high mountains in Nepal.© Avalon Book Company Ltd. 185

end of page 105

adj./n. north n. part (of)adj./n. southadj./n. eastadj./n. west

eg. Q. Which part of your country are you from ?A. I’m from the north / south / east / west of my country.NB. We say : in the north of ...

Q. What part of your country are you from ?A. I’m from the north of my country.

Q. Are there any mountains in your country ?A. Yes, there are some mountains in my country.

Q. In which part ?A. In the north.

Q. Are there any beautiful places in your country ?A. Yes, there are some beautiful places in my country.

Q. What part of your country are they in ?A. They’re in the south.

Q. Have you ever been to the north of Europe ?A. No, I’ve never been to the north of Europe.

Q. Is the north of your country colder than the south of your country ?A. Yes, the north of my country is colder than the south of my country.

n. capital

Q. What is the capital of your country ?A. … is the capital of my country.

Q. What part of your country is the capital in ?A. It’s (in the north).

Q. What is the capital of England ?A. London is the capital of England.


Q. What part of the country is it in ?A. It’s in the south.

n. age at the age of 10at 10

Q. At what age do babies begin to talk ?A. Babies begin to talk at the age of 2.

Q. At what age did you start school ?A. I started school at the age of … .

Q. At what age can you drive in your country ?A. I can drive in my country at the age of 17.

Q. Do you think we are about the same age ?A. Yes, I think we’re about the same age.

n. size

Q. Have you got big feet ?A. No, I haven’t got big feet.

Q. So, what size are your shoes ?A. My shoes are size (9).

Q. What size do you think my shoes are ?A. I think your shoes are size ….

Q. Are we about the same size ?A. Yes, we’re about the same size.

end of page 108

n. height n. weight

Q. Do you know your weight in :a. kilograms ?A. Yes, I’m (75) kilograms.

b. pounds ?A. Yes, I’m (11stones 10 pounds).


Q. Do you know your height in :a. metres and centimetres ?A. Yes, I’m (1.80m).

b. feet and inches ?A. Yes, I’m (5 feet 11 inches).

the same + noun + as

eg. Americans speak the same language as English people.I am about the same height as my brother.

Q. Do you think you are about the same age as me ?A. No, I don’t think I’m the same age as you.

Q. So are you older or younger than me ?A. I’m … than you.

Q. Is your city about the same size as London ?A. No, my city isn’t the same size as London.

Q. So is it bigger or smaller than London ?A. It’s … than London.

Q. Is your bedroom about the same size as this classroom ?A. Yes, my bedroom is about the same size as this classroom.

Q. Are you the same height now as when you were 15 ?A. No, I’m not the same height now as when I was 15.

Q. Are you about the same height as anyone here ?A. Yes, I’m about the same height as (John).

to go and to be in the present perfect

Study these two sentences :My mother has been to Paris. (My mother went to Paris and she came back.)My mother has gone to Paris. (My mother went to Paris and she hasn’t come back, but she is still there.)


My friend has been to New York.

Q. Did my friend go to New York ?A. Yes, your friend went to New York.

Q. Has my friend come back here ?A. Yes, your friend has come back here.

Q. So is my friend still in New York ?A. No, your friend isn’t still in New York.

My friend has gone to New York.

Q. Did my friend go to New York ?A. Yes, your friend went to New York.

Q. Has my friend come back ?A. No, your friend hasn’t come back.

Q. So is my friend still in New York ?A. Yes, your friend is still in New York.

Q. Is my friend here ?A. No, your friend isn’t here.

Q. Why not ?A. Because your friend has gone to New York.

end of page 107

superlatives

Adjectives of one syllable, or two syllables ending in Y.Remember : we make a comparative by adding the letters er to an adjective.We make a superlative with the and by adding the letters est to an adjective.the + adjective – est

adjective London is big.comparative London is bigger than Paris.superlative London is the biggest city in Europe.


adjective My grandmother is old.comparative My grandmother is older than me.superlative My grandmother is the oldest person in my family.

Q. What is the biggest city in your country ?A. … is the biggest city in my country.

Q. Is it the capital ?A. Yes, it’s the capital.

Q. Who is the tallest person in your family ?A. My … is the tallest person in my family.

Q. Who is the oldest :a. man in your family ?A. My (grandfather) is the oldest man in my family.

b. woman in your family ?A. My (grandmother) is the oldest woman in my family.

c. child in your family ?A. … the oldest child in my family.

d. person in this class ?A. … is the oldest person in this class.

Q. Which is the nearest station to :a. your house ?A. (Southfields) is the nearest station to my house.

b. this school ?A. (Tottenham Court Road) is the nearest station to this school.

Q. Which was the easiest subject you studied at school ?A. Maths was the easiest subject I studied at school.

n. the world n. continent

There are six continents in the world.

Asia Europe North AmericaSouth America Africa Australasia


Q. How many continents are there in the world ?A. There are six continents in the world.

Q. Which continent are you from ?A. I’m from … .

Q. What is the biggest country in the world ?A. Russia is the biggest country in the world.

Q. What is the longest river :a. in your country ?A. (The Amazon) is the longest river in my country.

b. in the world ?A. The Nile is the longest river in the world.

Q. What is the highest mountain :a. in your country ?A. (Mount Fuji) is the highest mountain in my country.

b. in the world ?A. Mount Everest is the highest mountain in the world.



give gave givenrun ran runbring brought broughttake took taken

end of page 108

Q. Have you ever given flowers to anyone ?A. Yes, I’ve given flowers to someone.

Q. Who did you give them to and why ?A. I gave them to my mother because it was her birthday.

Q. Have you ever given money to someone in the street ?A. Yes, I’ve given money to someone in the street.


Q. Have you ever run for a bus ?A. Yes, I’ve run for a bus.

Q. Have you ever brought :a. food to the classroom ?A. Yes, I’ve brought food to the classroom.

b. a friend to the school ?A. No, I’ve never brought a friend to the school.

Q. Have you ever taken clothes back to a shop because you didn’t like them ?A. Yes, I have taken clothes back to a shop because I didn’t like them.

superlatives (2)

Adjectives with two or more syllables.

Remember : we make a comparative with the words ‘more’ or ‘less’.We make a superlative with the word most.

adjective I think geography is very interesting.comparative I think geography is more interesting than

history.superlative Geography was the most interesting subject I

studied at school.

Q. What was the most interesting subject you studied at school ?A. (Geography) was the most interesting subject I studied at school.

Q. What was the most boring subject you studied at school ?A. (History) was the most boring subject I studied at school.

Q. What is the most beautiful part of your country ?A. (Rome) is the most beautiful part of my country.

Q. Who do you think is the most beautiful actress in the world ?A. I think (Sharon Stone) is the most beautiful actress in the world.

Q. Who do you think is the most famous person in your country ?A. I think … is the most famous person in my country.


n. fact n. opinion

London is in the south of England. = factLondon is the most interesting city in Europe. = opinion

Q. Listen to these sentences and say ‘fact’ or ‘opinion’.1. Brazil is a big country. fact2. Britain is a beautiful country. opinion3. Pasta is nice with cheese. opinion4. Pasta comes from Italy. fact5. Coffee is horrible. opinion6. Champagne is more expensive than milk. fact7. Russia is the biggest country in the world. fact8. English grammar is very interesting. opinion

v. to think n. brainthoughtthought

The verb to think has two meanings:1. To use your brain.

Q. Where is your brain ?A. My brain is in my head.

end of page 109

Q. Do you think hard when you :a. study English ?A. Yes, I think hard when I study English.

b. watch English television ?A. Yes, I think hard when I watch English television

c. watch television in your country ?A. No, I don’t think hard when I watch television in my country.

2. To give your opinion about something.

We often say “I think that” for an opinion.


eg. I think that Italian food is very nice.He thinks that this country is beautiful.

Q. Do you think that your country is very beautiful ?A. Yes, I think that my country is very beautiful.

Q. Do you think that the food in your country is nicer than English food ?A. Yes, I think that the food in my country is nicer than English food.

Q. Who do you think is the most famous English person ?A. I think Robbie Williams is the most famous English person.

irregular comparatives and superlatives

adjective comparative superlative

good better than the bestbad worse than the worst

Q. Can I speak English better than you ?A. Yes, you can speak English better than me.

Q. Can you speak your language better than me ?A. Yes, I can speak my language better than you.

Q. Are England better at football than your country ?A. Yes, England are better at football than my country.

Q. Do you think that English food is better or worse than the food from your country ?A. I think English food is … than the food from my country.

Q. Do you think English weather is better or worse than the weather in your country ?A. I think English weather is … than the weather in my country.

Q. What was your best subject at school ?A. (Geography) was my best subject at school.

Q. What was your worst subject at school ?A. (Maths) was my worst subject at school.


Q. What is the best present you have ever had ?A. The best present I’ve ever had is (a car from my father).

Q. Who do you think is the best :a. writer from your country ?A. I think … is the best writer from my country.

b. student in the class ?A. I think … is the best student in the class.

c. actress in the world ?A. I think (Judi Dench) is the best actress in the world.

Q. What kind of clothes are best for :a. playing football ?A. Tshirts and shorts are best for playing football.

b. skiing ?A. Jumpers and scarves are best for skiing.

c. a holiday on the beach ?A. Shorts are best for a holiday on the beach.

d. working in the garden ?A. Old clothes are best for working in the garden.

Q. Who was your best friend at school ?A. … was my best friend at school.

Q. Are they still your best friend ?A. Yes, they’re still my best friend.


present past simple past participle

hear heard heardsing sang sungstand stood stood

end of page 110111


Q. What is the verb form of :a. to hear ?A. The verb form of to hear is : hear heard heard.

b. to sing ?A. The verb form of to sing is : sing sang sung.

c. to stand ?A. The verb form of to stand is : stand stood stood.

Q. Have you ever heard the birds singing in the morning ?A. Yes, I’ve heard the birds singing in the morning.

Q. Have you ever heard anyone singing in the bath ?A. Yes, I’ve heard someone singing in the bath.

Q. Have you ever sung at a party ?A. No, I’ve never sung at a party.

Q. Have you ever stood up for a long time in a train or a bus ?A. Yes, I’ve stood up for a long time in a train.

superlatives and the present perfect

We often use superlatives with the present perfect when we talk about our life and opinions.

eg. London isn’t the biggest city in the world but it is the biggest city I have ever been to.

NB. We usually use ever in these sentences in the negative and the positive.

Q. What is the best film you have ever seen ?A. (‘Star Wars’) is the best film I’ve ever seen.

Q. What is the most interesting/boring subject you have ever studied ?A. (Geography) is the most interesting subject I’ve ever studied.

Q. What is the most expensive city you have ever been to ?A. … is the most expensive city I’ve ever been to.


Q. What is the most difficult subject you have ever studied ?A. (Mathematics) is the most difficult subject I’ve ever studied.

Q. What is the best place you have ever been to on holiday ?A. (Australia) is the best place I’ve ever been to on holiday.

end of page 111112


Unit 10

adj. sure v. to be sure (about something)I am sure = I know something is a fact.

eg. I am sure that London is the capital of England.

Q. What is the capital of England ?A. London is the capital of England.

Q. Are you sure ?A. Yes, I’m sure.

Q. What is the capital of America ?A. Washington is the capital of America.

Q. Are you sure ?A. No, I’m not sure.

NB. When people aren’t sure about something they often use ‘I think’.

eg. I’m not sure but I think Berlin is the capital of Germany.I think you are younger than me but I’m not sure.

Q. How old do you think I am ?A. I think you’re about … .


Q. What is the biggest city in the world ?A. I think New York is the biggest city in the world.


Q. Who was the first European to go to America ?A. Christopher Columbus was the first European to go to America.

Q. Are you sure ?A. Yes, I’m sure.


adv. probably = 80 %

When you say something will probably happen, you think it will happen but you are not sure.

eg. I think it will probably rain later.She thinks she will probably come to the party, but she isn’t sure.

Answer these questions using probably.

Q. Do you think you will get richer in the future ?A. Yes, I think I’ll probably get richer in the future.


Q. Do you think you will use English in your job ?A. Yes, I think I’ll probably use English in my job.

Q. Do you think plane tickets will get more expensive in the future ?A. Yes, I think plane tickets will probably get more expensive in the future.

Q. Give me an example of a sentence using probably.A. I will probably go to the cinema with my friends tonight.

v. to smoke n. smokingn. cigarette n. cigar n. packet (of cigarettes)

Q. Do you smoke ?A. Yes, I smoke.

Q. How many cigarettes have you smoked today ?*A. I’ve smoked fifteen cigarettes today.

end of page 11213Q. Have you ever smoked a cigar ?A. No, I’ve never smoked a cigar.

Q. Are cigarettes more expensive in England than in your country ?A. Yes, cigarettes are more expensive in England than in my country.


Q. Have you ever smoked more than a packet of cigarettes in one day ?A. Yes, I have smoked more than a packet of cigarettes in one day.

adj. healthy adj. unhealthy

Q. Is smoking healthy ?A. No, smoking isn’t healthy.

Q. What kind of food is healthy ?A. Fruit and vegetables are healthy.

Q. Do you think that the food in your country is healthier than English food ?A. Yes, I think that the food in my country is healthier than English food.

adj. fresh (fruit and vegetables) adj. frozen

Q. Where do you buy your fresh fruit and vegetables ?A. I buy my fresh fruit and vegetables from a market.

Q. Where do you keep frozen food ?A. I keep frozen food in the freezer.

Q. Which is healthier, fresh or frozen food ?A. Fresh food is healthier than frozen food.

n. park n. theatre n. play

Q. Are there any parks in your city ?A. Yes, there’re some parks in my city.

Q. Do you like walking in the park on a sunny day ?A. Yes, I like walking in a park on a sunny day.

Q. Do you walk through a park when you come to school ?A. Yes, I walk through a park when I come to school.

Q. Where do we go to see a play ?A. We go to a the theatre to see a play.

Q. Give me an example of a famous play.A. ‘Romeo and Juliet’ is an example of a famous play.


Q. Do you often go to the theatre ?A. Yes, I often go to the theatre.

Q. Have you been to the theatre in this city ?A. Yes, I’ve been to the theatre in this city.

Q. What play did you see ?A. I saw ‘Mackbeth’.

n. air n. the countryside

Q. Are you from a city or the countryside ?A. I’m from … .

Q. Do you know anyone who lives in the countryside ?A. Yes, I know someone who lives in the countryside.

Q. Who ?A. My (brother).

Q. Is the air fresher in the city or the countryside ?A. The air is fresher in the countryside.

Q. Do you think that life in the city is better or worse than in the countryside ?A. I think that life in the city is … than in the countryside.

end of page 113114

n. town n. village

A town is smaller than a city.A village is smaller than a town.

Q. Were you born in a city, a town or a village ?A. I was born in a … .

Q. Is life healthier in a city or a village ?A. Life is healthier in a village.


n. farmn. field n. grass n. cow n. sheep

Q. Have you ever been to a farm ?A. Yes, I’ve been to a farm.

Q. What kind of animals did you see there ?A. I saw cows, pigs and sheep there.

Q. What do cows and sheep eat ?A. Cows and sheep eat grass.

Q. Where do we keep cows and sheep ?A. We keep cows and sheep in a field.

adj. dangerous adj. safe

eg. A policeman’s job is often dangerous.Trains are safer than cars.

Q. Is it safe to smoke cigarettes ?A. No, it isn’t safe to smoke cigarettes.

Q. Is your city a safe place to live ?A. Yes, my city is a safe place to live.

Q. Is it safer to travel by plane or by train ?A. It’s safer to travel by plane.

Q. Give me an example of a dangerous animal ?A. A tiger is an example of a dangerous animal.

Q. What do you think is the most dangerous animal in your country ?A. I think a snake is the most dangerous animal in my country.

n. seat belt n. helmet

Q. Do you always wear a seat belt when you travel by car ?A. Yes, I always wear a seat belt when I travel by car.

Q. What do people wear on their head when they ride a motorbike ?A. People wear a helmet on their head when they ride a motorbike.


Q. Have you ever ridden a motorbike without a helmet ?A. Yes, I have ridden a motorbike without a helmet.

Q. Do you think it is safe to ride a motorbike without a helmet ?A. No, I think it’s dangerous to ride a motorbike without a helmet.

v. to choose n. choicechosechosen

When we choose something we take one thing we prefer from different things.

eg. People often choose a hot, sunny place for a holiday.When you buy a new car you usually have a choice of colours.

Q. Why did you choose this school ?A. I chose this school because it makes me speak English very well.

Q. When you were a child, did you choose your clothes or did your parents choose them?A. When I was a child, my parents chose my clothes.

Q. Do you always try hard to choose good presents for your friends ?A. Yes, I always try hard to choose good presents for my friends.

Q. What kind of place do you usually choose for your summer holiday ?A. I usually choose a hot place for my summer holiday.

end of page 114

Q. When you go clothes shopping, do you usually choose what you want quickly ?A. No, when I go clothes shopping, I don’t usually choose what I want quickly.

Q. When you have a choice of drinks with dinner, what do you usually choose ?A. When I have a choice of drinks with dinner, I usually choose water.


Q. When you want to learn a foreign language, do you think English is the best choice ?A. Yes, when I want to learn a foreign language, I think English is the best choice.

adj. important

eg. The President is the most important person in the USA.

Q. Is it important for you to learn English ?A. Yes, it’s important for me to learn English.

Q. Why ?A. Because I want it for my job.

Q. Do you think people are more important than animals ?A. Yes, I think people are more important than animals.

Q. Do you think it is important to choose a good school for your children ?A. Yes, I think it’s important to choose a good school for my children.

Q. Are your friends important to you ?A. Yes, my friends are important to me.

Q. Who is the most important person in your life ?A. My mother is the most important person in my life.

Q. What kind of important choices do people make in their lives ?A. People have to choose where to live and what job to have.

adj. necessary v. to be necessary to do something

When something is necessary it is very important to do it.

eg. Warm clothes are necessary in winter.A helmet is necessary when you ride a motorbike.It is necessary to boil water to make tea ?It is not necessary to cook carrots before eating them.

Q. Is it necessary to cook chicken before eating it ?A. Yes, it’s necessary to cook chicken before eating it.


Q. Is it necessary to boil water to make tea ?A. Yes, it’s necessary to boil water to make tea.

Q. Are warm clothes necessary when you go for a holiday on a beach ?A. No, warm clothes aren’t necessary when I go for a holiday on a beach.

Q. Is it necessary to wear a helmet when you ride a motorbike in your country ?A. Yes, it’s necessary to wear a helmet when I ride a motorbike in my country.

Q. What kind of things are necessary for a good party ?A. Good music and a lot of beer are necessary for a good party.

Q. Do you think it is necessary to :a. eat meat to be healthy ?A. Yes, I think it’s necessary to eat meat to be healthy.

b. be rich to be happy ?A. No, I don’t think it’s necessary to be rich to be happy.

v. to have tohad to

We use have to when it is necessary to do something because we do not have a choice.

eg. I have to get up early because I start work at 8 o’clock.My mother has to wear glasses when she reads because she can’t see well.I had to get a visa before I went to the USA last year.

Q. Do you have to speak English in the lesson ?A. Yes, I have to speak English in the lesson.

Q. Do you have to think hard when you speak English ?A. Yes, I have to think hard when I speak English.

Q. Do you know anyone who has to get up very early in the morning ?A. Yes, my best friend has to get up very early in the morning.

Q. Why do they have to get up early ?A. Because he is a postman.© Avalon Book Company Ltd. 205

end of page 115

Q. Do you have to wear glasses :a. to read ?A. No, I don’t have to wear glasses to read.

b. to watch television ?A. No, I don’t have to wear glasses to watch television.

c. to drive ?A. Yes, I have to wear glasses to drive.

Q. What subjects do children have to study at school in your country ?A. Children have to study Maths and English in my country.

Q. Which subjects can you choose ?A. You can choose science.

Q. Do you have to get a visa to travel to the USA ?A. Yes, I have to get a visa to travel to the USA.

Q. Have you ever had to :a. live with someone you didn’t like ?A. Yes, I’ve had to live with someone I didn’t like.

b. walk home in the rain ?A. No, I’ve never had to walk home in the rain.

Q. Do you have to drive on the left or the right in your country ?A. I have to drive on the right in my country.

Negative of have to = don’t have to

We use don’t have to when it isn’t necessary to do something because we have a choice.

eg. I don’t have to get up early at the weekend.English people don’t have to get a visa to go to France.My mother has to wear glasses to drive but she doesn’t have to wear glasses to read.


Q. Do you have to eat meat to be healthy ?A. No, I don’t have to eat meat to be healthy.

Q. Do French people have to get a visa to come to this country ?A. No, French people don’t have to get a visa to come to this country.

Q. Do you have to cook fish before eating it ?A. No, I don’t have to cook fish before eating it.

Q. Do you have to get up early in the morning at the weekend ?A. No, I don’t have to get up early in the morning at the weekend.

Q. Do children in your country have to study :a. English ?A. Yes, children in my country have to study English.

b. French ?A. No, children in my country don’t have to study French.

c. Russian ?A. No, children in my country don’t have to study Russian.

Q. Do you have to go to a very expensive restaurant to eat nice food ?A. No, I don’t have to go to a very expensive restaurant to eat nice food.

Q. Make a sentence with :a. have to.A. We have to eat to live.

b. don’t have to.A. I don’t have to get up early on Saturdays.

another = an + other (singular) other (for plurals)

We use other and another when we talk about more of the same thing.We usually use another with singular nouns and other with plural nouns.

another : My rich uncle has bought another Rolls Royce.Do you want another cup of coffee.


other : There are a lot of Englishspeaking countries, Britain is one and some others are the USA, Canada and Australia.I have two sisters, one is older than me and the other is younger.

NB. We use more with uncountable nouns.

eg. Do you want another cup of coffee ?Do you want more coffee ?

Q. Is there another language school in this street ?A. No, there isn’t another language street in this street.

Q. Have you ever studied another foreign language ?A. Yes, I’ve studied another foreign language.

Q. Which one ?A. French.

Q. Give me an example of an adjective.A. ‘Big’ is an example of an adjective.

Q. Give me another example.A. ‘Small’.

end of page 116117Q. Give me an example of an Englishspeaking country.A. Scotland is an example of an English speaking country.

Q. Give me another one.A. Australia.

Q. What is my name ?A. Your name is (Gale).

Q. What are the names of your other teachers ?A. (Steve) and (Garry).

Q. What nationality is he/she ?A. He’s (Columbian).


Q. Are there any other (Columbian) students at this school ?A. Yes, there're some other (Columbian) students at this school.

Q. Are there any other countries where they speak your language ?A. No, there aren’t any other countries where they speak my language.

v. to get + adjective adj. drunk adj. sleepy adj. angry

People get tired when they work hardPeople get drunk when they drink a lot.

Q. What happens when people drink a lot of beer ?A. People get drunk when they drink a lot of beer.

Q. What happens to people when they work very hard ?A. People get tired when they work very hard.

Q. Do you get cold when you swim in the sea ?A. Yes, I get cold when I swim in the sea.

Q. Do you get sleepy in the classroom ?A. No, I don’t get sleepy in the classroom.

Q. What do you do when you :a. get hungry ?A. I eat some food when I get hungry.

b. get thirsty ?A. I drink some water when I get thirsty.

c. get tired ?A. I go to bed when I get tired.

Q. In what month does it get cold in your country ?A. It gets cold in November in my country.

Q. Do you get angry easily ?A. No, I don’t get angry easily.

Q. Do you get angry when you have to wait a long time for someone ?A. Yes, I get angry when I have to wait a long time for someone.


until (till)

1. We use until to say what time an action finishes.

eg. I watched television until midnight.I will be here until 7 o’clock.

2. We use until when we finish doing an action because of another action.

eg. We played tennis until it started raining.I studied English until I got tired.

Q. What did you do last night ?A. I went to the cinema last night.

Q. Until when ?A. Until (10.30).

Q. Will you be here until the school closes ?A. No, I won’t be here until the school closes.

Q. Until what age do children have to stay at school in your country ?A. Children have to stay at school until the age of 16 in my country.

Q. Have you ever been at a party until 6 o’clock in the morning ?A. Yes, I’ve been at a party until 6 o’clock in the morning.

Q. Have you ever laughed until you cried ?A. Yes, I’ve laughed until I cried.

Q. Have you ever studied until you were very tired ?A. No, I’ve never studied until I was very tired.

end of page 117118

enough not enough

When you have enough, you have what is necessary.When you don’t have enough, you have less than is necessary.


1. We use enough before a noun :

eg. There are enough chairs for 10 students in this classroom.I don’t have enough money to go on holiday this summer.

Q. Is £1 enough for a cup of coffee in a café ?A. Yes, £1 is enough for a cup of coffee in a café.

Q. Do you think there are enough parks in your city ?A. No, I don’t think there’re enough parks in my city.

Q. Are there enough chairs for twenty students in this room ?A. No, there aren’t enough chairs for twenty students in this room.

Q. Have you got enough money to buy :a. a pair of jeans ?A. Yes, I’ve got enough money to buy a pair of jeans.

b. a bicycle ?A. No, I haven’t got enough money to buy a bicycle.

c. a house ?A. No, I haven’t got enough money to buy a house.

Q. Do you know enough English to :a. write a short letter ?A. Yes, I know enough English to write a short letter.

b. read a newspaper ?A. No, I don’t know enough English to write a short letter.

c. write a book ?A. No, I don’t know enough English to write a book.

2. We use enough after an adjective or an adverb.

Q. Is the weather warm enough to go to the beach ?A. No, the weather isn’t warm enough to go to the beach.

Q. Is your English good enough to be a teacher ?A. No, my English isn’t good enough to be a teacher.


Q. Is this classroom big enough for :a. 10 students ?A. Yes, this classroom is big enough for 10 students.

b. 20 students ?A. No, this classroom isn’t big enough for 20 students.

Q. Are you old enough to drive a car ?A. Yes, I’m old enough to drive a car.

Q. Can you speak English well enough to :a. get a job in England ?A. Yes, I can speak English well enough to get a job in England.

b. be an English teacher ?A. No, I can’t speak English well enough to be an English teacher.

v. to touch v. to carry adj. strong

Q. What part of my face am I touching ?A. You’re touching your (nose).

Q. Can you touch your toes ?A. Yes, I can touch my toes.

Q. What kind of animals do we use to carry people and things ?A. We use horses to carry people and things.

Q. Are adults usually stronger than children ?A. Yes, adults are usually stronger than children.

Q. Do you have to be strong to carry :a. a television ?A. Yes, I have to be strong to carry a television.

b. this book ?A. No, I don’t have to be strong to carry this book.

Q. Are you strong enough to carry this table ?A. Yes, I’m strong enough to carry that table.


Q. Are you tall enough to touch the ceiling ?A. No, I’m not tall enough to touch the ceiling.

Q. Do you ever have to carry heavy shopping home ?A. Yes, I sometimes have to carry heavy shopping home.

end of page 118

too too manytoo much

We use too much and too many to say that there is more than necessary and this is a bad thing.

We use too many for countable nouns.We use too much for uncountable nouns.

eg. There are too many cars in this city.I think the Queen has too much money.

Q. Are there a lot of cars in this city ?A. Yes, there’re a lot of cars in this city.

Q. Are there too many cars in this city ?A. Yes, there’re too many cars in this city.

Q. Are there a lot of beautiful beaches in your country ?A. Yes, there’re a lot of beautiful beaches in my country.

Q. Are there too many ? *A. No, there aren’t too many.

Q. Is it healthy to :a. drink too much beer ?A. No, it isn’t healthy to drink too much beer.

b. eat too much food ?A. No, it isn’t healthy to eat too much food.

Q. Are there ever too many people on the trains and buses ?A. Yes, there’re sometimes too many people on the trains and buses.


Q. Do you know anyone who :a. drinks too much ?A. Yes, (my brother) drinks too much.

b. smokes too much ?A. Yes, (my best friend) smokes too much.

too + adjective

We use too + adjective when there is more than is necessary and this is a bad thing.

eg. I couldn’t understand the book, it was too difficult.

This coffee is too hot to drink. (I can’t drink it because it is very hot.)

NB. Paris is very beautiful. right!Paris is too beautiful wrong! This means we don’t like Paris because it is beautiful.

Q. Is it too cold to swim in the sea in winter ?A. Yes, it’s too cold to swim in the sea in winter.

Q. Do you think people can be too old to learn a foreign language ?A. No, I don’t think people can be too old to learn a foreign language.

Q. Are children too young to get married ?A. Yes, children are too young to get married.

Q. Have you ever woken up too late to come to school ?A. Yes, I have woken up too late to come to school.

Q. Have you ever tried reading a book that was too boring to finish ?A. Yes, I’ve tried reading a book that was too boring to finish.

Q. Do you think 16 is old enough to :a. ride a motorbike ?A. Yes, I think 16 is old enough to ride a motorbike.

b. drive a car ?A. Yes, I think 16 is old enough to drive a car.


get married ? *A. No, I think 16 is too young to get married.

Q. Are you too young to get married ?A. No, I’m not too young to get married.

Q. Have you ever been too ill to come to school ?A. Yes, I’ve been too ill to come to school.

Q. What kind of things can you see in the countryside ?A. I can see fields and animals in the countryside.

Q. Who do you have to buy presents for at Christmas ?A. I have to buy presents for my family and friends at Christmas.

Q. Have you tried another English school ?A. No, I’ve never tried another English school.

Q. Do English people always speak slowly enough for you to understand ?A. No, English people don’t always speak slowly enough for me to understand.

end of page 119120

if

1. Talking about the present. If + present + presentWe use if with the present to say an action generally happens because of another action.

eg. If I don’t sleep enough I get very tired.I get very drunk if I drink a lot of wine.

Q. If you don’t sleep enough, do you get tired ?A. Yes, if I don’t sleep enough, I get tired.

Q. Do you get hungry if you don’t eat enough ?A. Yes, if I don’t eat enough, I get hungry.

Q. Do you get drunk if you drink more than two glasses of wine ?A. Yes, I get drunk if I drink more than two glasses of wine.


Q. Can you sit down if there are a lot of people on the bus ?A. No, I can’t sit down if there’re a lot of people on the bus.

Q. Do you always take a camera if you go on holiday ?A. Yes, I always take a camera if I go on holiday.

Q. If the weather is nice, do you ever go to the park ?A. Yes, if the weather is nice, I sometimes go to the park.

2. Talking about the future. If + present + future

We use if with the future when we think that an action will happen in the future because of another action.We are not sure the action will happen but we think it will probably happen.

eg. If I study hard I will learn English well.If I go on holiday next year, I will go in June.

Q. If you go on holiday this/next year, where will you go ?A. If I go on holiday this year, I will go to Japan.

Q. If you study hard, will you learn English well ?A. Yes, if I study hard, I will learn English well.

Q. If it is hot and sunny this weekend, what will you do ?A. If it’s hot and sunny this weekend, I will go to the beach.

Q. Will you still do that if the weather is horrible ?A. No, if the weather is horrible, I will watch television.

Q. Will you be sleepy in the morning if you go to bed very late tonight, ?A. Yes, I will be sleepy in the morning if I go to bed very late tonight.

Q. If you drink a lot of wine, what will probably happen ?A. If I drink a lot of wine, I will probably get drunk.

Q. If you see me in the street, will you say hello to me ?A. Yes, if I see you in the street, I will say hello to you.

Q. Will you be happy or sad if you don’t get any presents for your birthday ?A. I will be sad if I don’t get any presents for my birthday.© Avalon Book Company Ltd. 216

v. to pay n. bank n. account n. chequepaid n. cash n. credit card n. cashpointpaid

Q. Do you have a bank account ?A. Yes, I have a bank account.

Q. With which bank ?A. With (Barclay’s) bank.

Q. How much cash do you usually keep in your wallet ?A. I usually keep … in my wallet.

Q. If you buy something expensive, do you usually pay by cash, cheque or credit card ?A. If I buy something expensive, I usually pay by credit card.

end of page 120121Q. Where can you get cash if the bank is closed ?A. I can get cash from a cashpoint if the bank is closed.

Q. What do have to remember when you use a cashpoint ?A. I have to remember my PIN number when I use a cashpoint.

Q. How much did you pay for your bag/shoes/jacket ?A. I paid … for my shoes.

Q. Have you ever paid more than £100 for a pair of shoes ?A. No, I’ve never paid more than £100 for a pair of shoes.

Q. Do you think it is dangerous to use a cashpoint at night ?A. Yes, I think it’s dangerous to use a cashpoint at night.

v. to lose v. to findlost foundlost found

Q. What kind of things do people often lose ?A. People often lose their wallets and mobile phones.

Q. Have you ever found any money in the street ?A. Yes, I have found some money in the street.


Q. How much did you find ?A. I’ve found … .

Q. What do you have to do if you lose your credit card ?A. I have to phone my bank if I lose my credit card.

Q. How can you get in your house if you lose your keys ?A. If I lose my keys, I have to climb through the window.

Q. Is it difficult to find a good job ?A. Yes, it’s difficult to find a good job.

Q. Have you ever lost something important ?A. Yes, I’ve lost (my dog).

present perfect (3)

When someone asks a question in the present perfect we can use the past simple in the answer if we want to say the action happened at a particular time in the past.

eg. Q. Have you ever been to Russia ?A. Yes, I went there three years ago.Q. Have you ever met a famous person ?A. Yes, I met the President last week.

Answer these questions with the past simple.Q. Have you ever :

a. lost your keys ?A. Yes, I lost my keys (last month).

b. eaten Indian food ?A. Yes, I ate Indian food … ago.

c. read an English book ?A. Yes, I read an English book … ago.

d. had dinner in an expensive restaurant ?A. Yes, I had dinner in an expensive restaurant last … .


n. company v. to work for (a company)n. office n. factory

Q. What company do I work for ?A. You work for (Avalon).

Q. What famous companies make :a. cars ?A. Toyota makes cars.

b. computers ?A. IBM makes computers.

c. drinks ?A. Cocacola makes drinks.

Q. What kind of things do people make in factories ?A. People make cars and computers in factories.

Q. Does your mother/father have a job ?A. Yes, my … has a job.

Q. Which company does he/she work for and where does he/she work ?A. He works for Sony and he works in Japan.

Q. Do you think it is better to work :a. for a big or a small company ?A. I think it’s better to work for a small company.

b. in a factory or an office ?A. I think it’s better to work in an office.

end of page 121

adj. ill n. illness n. a cold n. the flun. day off take a day off

Q. Have you ever been too ill to come to school ?A. Yes, I’ve been too ill to come to school.

Q. So what did you do ?A. I took a day off.


Q. What illnesses have you had ?A. I have had a flu.

Q. Which is worse, a cold or the flu ?A. The flu is worse than a cold.

Q. Have you ever taken a day off work/school because you were very tired ?A. No, I’ve never taken a day off school because I was very tired.

Q. How many days off school have you taken this month ?A. I’ve taken two days off school this month.

Q. Do you always stay at home if you are ill ?A. Yes, I always stay at home if I’m ill.

1. to cough v. to sneeze v. to yawn

Q. Do some people who smoke cough a lot ?A. Yes, people who smoke cough a lot.

Q. What happens when you have a cold ?A. I cough and sneeze when I have a cold.

Q. What do English people say when someone sneezes ?A. English people say ‘Bless you!’ when someone sneezes.

Q. What do people say in your country ?A. People say (‘Gesundheit’).

Q. Why do people yawn ?A. People yawn because they’re tired.

adj. polite adj. rude

Q. What words do we use to be polite ?A. We use the words ‘please’ and ‘thank you’ to be polite.

Q. Do you ever yawn when someone is talking to you ?A. No, I never yawn when someone is talking to me.

Q. Why not ?A. Because I’m a very polite person.


Q. Has anyone been rude to you today ?A. No, no one has been rude to me today.

Q. Do you get angry if people are rude to you ?A. Yes, I get angry if people are rude to me.

all every

All and every mean the same thing BUT :

1. We use all with plural and uncountable nouns.

eg. All my friends came to my party.Andy ate all the food at the party.

Q. Do you know all the students in this classroom ?A. Yes, I know all the students in this classroom.

Q. Do you keep all your money in your pocket ?A. No, I don’t keep all my money in my pocket.

Q. Do you know all the letters of the alphabet ?A. Yes, I know all the letters of the alphabet.

2. We use every with singular nouns

eg. Every country has a flag.

Q. Do you know every student in this school ?A. No, I don’t know every student in this school.

end of page 122

Q. Do you come to school every day ?A. Yes, I come to school every day.

Q. Does every house have a swimming pool in your country ?A. No, not every house has a swimming pool in my country.

all day = all the time during the dayevery day = all the days of the week


Q. Have you ever watched TV all day ?A. Yes, I’ve watched TV all day.

Q. Do you watch television every day ?A. No, I don’t watch television every day.

Q. Do you go on holiday all year ?A. No, I don’t go on holiday all year.

Q. Do you go on holiday every year ?A. Yes, I go on holiday every year.

Q. If you are ill, do you stay in bed all day ?A. Yes, if I’m ill, I stay in bed all day.

Q. What kind of things do we do every day ?A. We eat and drink every day.

Q. Is it hot all year in your country ?A. No, it isn’t hot all year in my country.

v. to leave v. to arriveleftleft

to leave has two meanings :

1. to go out (of a place)to arrive is the opposite.

eg. I leave home at 8 o’clock every morning and arrive at work at about 9 o’clock.The train left the station twenty minutes ago.

Q. What time did you leave home today ?A. I left home at … o’clock today.

Q. What time did you arrive here ?A. I arrived here at … .

Q. Do trains and buses sometimes arrive late ?A. Yes, trains and buses sometimes arrive late.


Q. What was the last thing you did before leaving home this morning ?A. The last thing I did before leaving home this morning was close my front door.

Q. At what age do children usually leave school in your country ?A. Children usually leave school at the age of 16 in my country.

Q. Have you ever left the cinema before the film finished ?A. Yes, I’ve left the cinema before the film finished.

Q. Why ?A. Because it was boring.

2. forget to take something/put something somewhere

eg. I left my umbrella on the train.I will leave the bottle of Champagne in the fridge until it is cold.

Q. Have you ever left anything on the train/bus ?A. Yes, I’ve left (my wallet) on the train.

Q. Have you ever gone out and left your keys at home ?A. No, I’ve never gone out and left my key at home.

Q. Do you ever leave dirty clothes on your bedroom floor ?A. Yes, I sometimes leave my dirty clothes on my bedroom floor.

Q. Do you leave your bag in the classroom between lessons ?A. No, I don’t leave my bag in the classroom between lessons.

end of page 123

bothWe use all for more than two things.For two things we use both.

eg. Japan and Korea are both Asian countries.Both my sisters are married. (So, you know I have two.)

Q. Are both your feet on the floor ?A. Yes, both my feet are on the floor.


Q. Are France and England both European countries ?A. Yes, France and England are both European countries.

Q. Do we both speak the same language :a. generally ?A. No, we don’t speak the same language generally.

b. in the lesson ?A. Yes, we both speak the same language in the lesson.

Q. Are you both from the same country ?A. Yes, we’re both from the same country.

Q. Are both of those books the same ?A. No, those books aren’t the same.

n. church n. library

Q. Does every town have a church in your country ?A. Yes, every town has a church in my country.

Q. Do you go to church every Sunday ?A. No, I don’t go to church every Sunday.

Q. Does your town have a library ?A. Yes, my town has a library.

Q. What do people use a library for ?A. People use a library for reading books.

Q. Do you think old churches are more beautiful than new ones ?A. Yes, I think old churches are more beautiful than new ones.

n. furnituren. sofa n. chest of drawers adj. comfortable*n. armchair n. coffee table adj. uncomfortable*

Bed, table and chair are all examples of furniture.Furniture is an uncountable noun.

Q. What furniture can you see in this room ?A. I can see (a table and ten chairs) in this room.


Q. What kind of furniture do you have in your living room ?A. I have (a coffee table, a chest of drawers and a sofa) in my living room.

Q. Where do you keep your coats and jackets ?A. I keep my coats and jackets in a wardrobe.

Q. Is the furniture comfortable in your house ?A. Yes, the furniture is comfortable in my house.

Q. Have you ever slept in an uncomfortable bed ?A. Yes, I have slept in an uncomfortable bed.

Q. How many syllables are there in the word comfortable ?A. There’re three syllables in the word comfortable.

Q. Are all English teachers from England ?A. No, not all English teachers are from England.

Q. What other countries are they sometimes from ?A. They’re sometimes from (the United States).

Q. Have you ever danced all night ?A. Yes, I have danced all night.

Q. Have you ever left your bag in a shop or pub ?A. Yes, I’ve left my bag in a shop.

Q. Did you go back and try to find it ?A. Yes, I went back and tried to find it.

Q. Give me an example of furniture :a. we sit on ?A. An armchair is an example of furniture we sit on.

b. we sleep in ?A. A bed is an example of furniture we sleep in.

c. we keep things in ?A. A chest of drawers is an example of furniture we keep things in.

end of page 124


everyone everything everywhere

everyone means all peopleeverything means all thingseverywhere means all place

NB. Everyone, everything and everywhere are all singular.

Q. Do you know everyone in this class ?A. Yes, I know everyone in this class.

Q. Have you met everyone in this school ?A. No, I haven’t met everyone in this school.

Q. Can you remember everything you learnt at school ?A. No, I can’t remember everything I learnt at school.

Q. Do people eat the same food everywhere in the world ?A. No, people don’t eat the same food everywhere in the world.

Q. Is there enough food for everyone in the world ?A. Yes, there’s enough food for everyone in the world.

Q. Do people drive on the right everywhere in the world ?A. No, people don’t drive on the right everywhere in the world.

Q. Does everyone speak the same language :a. in your country ?A. Yes, everyone speaks the same language in my country.

b. in America ?A. No, not everyone speaks the same language in America.

Q. Have you got enough money to buy everything you want ?A. No, I haven’t got enough money to buy everything I want.

v. to stop + gerundstopped*stopped

To stop has two meanings : a. the opposite of startb. the opposite of go


eg. I stopped smoking two weeks ago.Cars have to stop at a red light.

Q. What do cars have to do when a light is:a. red ?A. Cars have to stop when a light is red.

b. green ?A. Cars have to go when a light is green.

Q. Is it easy to stop smoking ?A. No, it isn’t easy to stop smoking.

Q. Is there anything you did when you were a child that you have stopped doing now ?A. Yes, I played with toys when I was a child.

Q. What are the two opposites of the verb to stop ?*A. The two opposites of the verb to stop are : go and start.

Q. Have you ever stopped speaking to someone because you were angry with them ?A. Yes, I’ve stopped speaking to my father because I was angry with him.

adj./ adv. only

eg. This is the only school in this street.We only teach English at this school.

Q. Is that the only door in this classroom ?A. Yes, that is the only door in this classroom.

Q. Are you the only man/woman/student in this class ?A. No, I’m not the only man in this class.

Q. Is English the only foreign language you speak ?A. Yes, English is the only foreign language I speak.

Q. Give me an example of something you only do when you are on holiday.A. I only go to the beach when I’m on holiday.


Q. What can we only see at night?A. We can only see the stars at night.

Q. What kind of animals only live in water?A. Fish only live in water.

end of page 125126

would

We use will to make the future tense.We use would to make the conditional tense.

eg. I would like to be rich.It would be difficult to learn English without a book.I would like to win the lottery.

Q. Would you like to be very, very rich ?A. Yes, I would like to be very, very rich.

Q. Would you like to live in another country ?A. Yes, I would like to live in another country.

Q. Which one ?A. (Poland).

Q. Would you ever try :a. beer for breakfast ?A. Yes, I would try beer for breakfast.

b. frogs’ legs for breakfast ?A. No, I would never try frogs’ legs for breakfast.

Q. How many children would you like to have ?A. I would like to have two children.

Q. Would you be happy working in a factory ?A. No, I wouldn’t be happy working in a factory.

Q. Is there anything you would like to stop doing ?A. Yes, I would like to stop (smoking).


NB. We can also use would to be polite when we ask people questions.

eg. What would you like to drink ?I would like a coffee please.Would you open the window please ?

Q. Ask him / her a polite question using would.A. Would you like a cup of tea ?

Q. Are the chairs here more comfortable than your chairs at home ?A. No, the chairs here aren’t more comfortable than the chairs at home.

Q. Do you think it is rude to put your feet on a table ?A. Yes, I think it’s rude to put my feet on a table.

Q. Are jeans comfortable to wear ?A. Yes, jeans are comfortable to wear.

adv. again

If we do something again, we do it another time.

eg. I have been to Africa and I would like to go there again.I stopped smoking six months ago, but now I have started again.

Q. Would you like to study the beginning of this book again ?A. No, I wouldn’t like to study the beginning of this book again.

Q. Are there any places that you would never go to again ?A. No, there aren’t any places that I would never go to again.

Q. Have you ever been to another country ?A. Yes, I’ve been to Spain.

Q. Would you like to go there again ?A. Yes, I would like to go there again.

Q. Would you like to be a child/teenager again ?A. yes, I would like to be a teenager again


Q. Is there anything you did in the past that you would like to do again ?A. Yes, I would like to (play volleyball on the beach) again.

end of page 126

the future intention going to

(to be) going to + infinitiveWe use going to when we say what we want to do in the future.

eg. I am going to have a big party next weekend.My father is ill so he is going to see the doctor tomorrow.

Q. What are you going to have for dinner tonight ?A. I’m going to have chicken for dinner tonight.

Q. Are you going to study at home tonight ?A. No, I’m not going to study at home tonight.

Q. Are you going to get up early tomorrow ?A. Yes, I’m going to get up early tomorrow.

Q. What are going to do on your next birthday ?A. I’m going to have a party on my next birthday.

Q. Are you going to meet your friends after school ?A. Yes, I’m going to meet my friends after school.

Q. Where are you going to meet them ?A. I’m going to meet them (at Tottenham Court Road tube station).

Q. What are you going to do after the lesson ?A. I’m going to go to the pub after the lesson.

Q. What kind of job are you going to get when you go back to your country ?A. I’m going to be a policeman when I go back to my country.

Q. What book are we going to study next ?A. We’re going to study Book 2 next.A end of page 127p


Irregular Verbs

infinitive simple past past participle

be was were beenbe born was born been bornbegin began begunbring brought broughtbuy bought boughtchoose chose chosencome came comecome back came back come backdo did donedrink drank drunkdrive drove driveneat ate eatenfind found foundfly flew flownforget forgot forgottenget got gotget up got up got upgive gave givengo went gonego back went back gone backhave had hadhave to had to had tohear heard heardlearn learnt learntleave left leftmean meant meantpay paid paidput put putread read readride rode riddenrun ran runsee saw seensell sold soldsing sang sungsit sat satstand stood stoodstand up stood up stood upswim swam swum


take took takenthink thought thoughtwear wore wornwrite wrote written

end of page 128

Exercises 129

Unit 1

A. to be

1. I ..am..a student.2. You are. a teacher.3. He …is.. a man.4. She .is… a woman.5. It .is .. pencil.6. We ..are… in the classroom.7. They .are.. chairs.

B. in / on

1. The picture is …on.... the wall.2. The students are …in.... the classroom.3. The light is ...on..… the ceiling.4. The table is …on..... the floor.5. We are ...in… the classroom.

C. there is / there are

1. There ....is..… a table in the classroom.2. There …are........ 12 chairs in the classroom.3. There ..are...… 4 pictures on the wall.4. There ...is.....… one teacher in the classroom.5. There …are........ two doors.

D. how many ?

1. How many chairs are there in the classroom ?There 12 chairs in the classroom. .


2. How many teachers are there in the classroom ?There is 1 teacher in the classroom.

3. How many students are there in the classroom ?There are 8 students in the classroom.

end of page 129130 4. How many pictures are there on the wall ?There are 6 pictures on the wall.

E. to be negative or positive.

1. Are you a student ? Yes, I am a student.

2. Are you a teacher ? No, I’m not a teacher.

3. Is the light on the wall ? Yes, the light is on the wall.

4. Is your book on the floor ? Yes, my book is on the floor.

5. Is the teacher a man ? No, the teacher is not a man but the teacher is a woman. …

F. There is / there are negative or positive

1. Is there a table in the classroom ?…Yes, there is a table in the classroom.……………………………….......….................2. Is there a picture on the window ?…No, there is not a picture on the window. ……………………………….......….....…3. Are there two teachers in the classroom ?…No, there are not two teachers in the classroom. ………………………………..….4. Is there a book on your table ?…Yes, there is a book on my table. ……………………………….......…......................5. Are there ten pictures on the walls ?…No, there are not ten pictures on the walls. ……………………………….......…....


G. a / the / in / on / is / are / there / her

1. His name …is..... John.2. He is .…a.... student.3. His teacher …is..... a woman.4. ..Her...…. name is Janet.5. They ..are....… in the classroom.6. There are ten students in .…the.... classroom.7. There..... is a picture ..on.. the wall.

H. You, your country, your city

1. What is your name ? ……My name is Pedro.………………………………………..2. What country are you from ? …I am from Peru.……………………………………..3. What city are you from ? ……I am from Lima. ……………………………4. Is your country hot ? …Yes, my country is hot. …………………………………….5. Is your city big or small ?… My city is big.………………………………………..6. Is your city clean or dirty ? …My city is dirty.………………………………………..

end of page 130131I. The opposite of

1. Small Big….. 2. Cold Hot….. 3. Black White…..4. Dirty Clean….. 5. Yes No…..

J. Say the Alphabet

A B C … etc.

K. What is the letter ?

1. Country 2. Board 3. White 4. Student5. Opposite 6. Teacher 7. Eight 8. Brazil9. Twelve 10. Vowel


L. What are the days of the week ?

1...Monday........................................ 2...Tuesday.........................................3...Wednesday.................................. 4....Thursday........................................5...Friday......................................... 6....Saturday......................................7...Sunday.........................................

M. between, before, and after

1. Sunday is ..after....… Saturday. 2. Tuesday….is before Wednesday.3. Thursday…. is after Wednesday. 4. N is between ..M..… and .O.....…5. Twelve is between ..eleven....… and ...thirteen...… 6. X is .before…Y

7. Z is …after........Y

Spelling tests unit 1A.pencil chair picture table tightwall ceiling teacher woman windowB.my your floor her studentthey there name classroom whatC.one two three four…etc. up to teneleven twelve thirteen fourteen... etc. up to twentyD.face nose ears mouth hairunder left right opposite alphabet

end of page 131


Unit 2

A. What are the months of the year?

1. ...January.................................... 2. ....February...................................3. ...March................................…. ..4. ....April...................................5. ...May..................................…… 6. ....June...................................7. ...July..................................……. 8. ....August...................................9. ...September...............................10. …October...................................11. .November.................................12.....December..............................

B. A or an ?

1. It is an… animal. 2. She is a… student.3. A… cat is a… small animal. 4. An… elephant is a… big animal.5. There is an… umbrella on the floor.

C. What is your address

.....My address is : ..... 2 Dolna Street 1 Warsaw, 23098 Poland

D. What is the time in words

5.00 It’s five o’clock. ..............................................................................6.30 It’s half past six. .............................................................................8.15 It’s a quarter past eight. .................................................................2.45 It’s a quarter to two............................................................................1.50 It’s ten to two.................................................................................11.25 It’s twenty five past eleven. ...........................................................

E. Colours

1. The board is ..black... 2. The walls are ..white.... 3. The floor is .brown 4. The table is ...yellow.. 5. My chair is .....blue....... 6. My eyes are ...green.......7. My hair is ......red......… 8. My shoes are ..black..........… 9. The door is ....white ........


end of page 13233F. What is the plural of ...

1. Book ...books................. 2. Chair .....chairs.................. 3. Table ......tables................4. Man .....men................. 5. Woman ..women.................6. Person ....people..................

G. What is the word?

1. My mother and father are my .....parents.....................2. There are five people in my ........family..................3. She is six months old, she is a .....baby.....................4. He is eight years old, he is a ........boy.................5. She is eight years old, she is a ......girl....................6. She is sixteen years old, she is a ...teenager.......................

H. to have

1. I ...have.........……….…......a pen. 2. You ....have..............long hair.3. She ...has......….......... green eyes. 4. He ....has..............a black bag.5. The classroom ...has.....four walls. 6. We ...have...............a big classroom.

I. What are the words ?

Masato is ....a....... student. He is ...from.... Japan. He .....has... long, black hair..and................ brown eyes. He is not ....at.............. school today. He is ...at.......... home.His house ....has....... a big garden. There ......is............ a swimming pool in the garden.

J. What is the question word ?

1. Where..........are you from ? I am from Italy.2. What............is your name ? My name is Paulo.3. How many...pictures are there in the classroom ? There are six pictures.4. .Are..............you a student ? Yes, I am a student.5. .Is.................she your teacher ? No, she is not my teacher.


6. Which...........day is after Friday ? Saturday is after Friday.7. .Do.................you have a computer ? No, I do not have a computer.8. .Does............he have a car ? Yes, he has a car.

K. Correct these sentences.eg. The table are blue. The table is blue..I am teacher I am a teacher.

1. He have long hair. ........He has long hair.....................……………............…………. end of page 133134 2. He has a telephone on his car. ......He has a telephone in his car. .................................3. They are in home. .........They are at home.……………...............................………….4. There is a umbrella on the chair. ...There is an umbrella on the chair. .....................…5. They have __big house. .....They have a big house......................................………….

Spelling tests unit 2A.1. opposite 2. Wednesday 3. which 4. hair5. yellow 6. trousers 7. shirt 8. eyes9. short 10. whiteB.1. England 2. mouse 3. country 4. between5. before 6. grey/gray 7. shoes 8. answer9. telephone 10. brotherC.1. city 2. dirty 3. letter 4. week5. umbrella 7. orange 8. green question9. telephone 10. fatherD.1. February 2. autumn 3. address 4. minute5. whose 6. quarter 7. computer 8. does9. children 10. regular

end of page 1341


Unit 3

A. What is the job ?

1. T _ _ _ _ r 2. P _ _ _ _ _ _ _ n3. D _ _ _ _ r 4. D _ _ _ _ _ t5. S _ _ _ _ _ _ _ y 6. T _ _ _ D _ _ _ _ _

1. Teacher, 2. Policeman, 3. Doctor, 4. Dentist, 5. Secretary, 6. Taxi Driver

B. What is the sentence ?eg. There/ four pictures / the wall. There are four pictures on the wall.

1. He/brown hair/blue eyes. ……He has brown hair and blue eyes. …….....................2. It/pencil. …………...................It is a pencil......................................……………..3. I/a computer/home. …………..I have a computer at home. ...................................…4. My mother/teacher. …………..My mother is a teacher. ........................................….5. What/taxi driver/use/his job ? What does a taxi driver use in his job. …………......

C. What do they use ?

1. A teacher uses a pen/a book/a board 2. A secretary uses a fax/ a computer/a telephone3. A policeman uses a gun 4. Taxi drivers use cars5. Students use pens/books

D. What is the word ?

1. ...I....…use a book in the classroom.2. ...I.............… don’t use the board.3. ..He............… doesn’t use a computer in his/her job.4. My ..brother..... uses his computer at home.

5. Taxi drivers......… don’t use guns in England.


E.

1. My houseMy house ..has.… three bedrooms, one living room....… and ..one..… bathroom. There ..is..… a bath in the bathroom, but .there..… isn’t a shower. ? My house .has..… a small garden.

2. My roomMy room ..has......… white walls. There are pictures ..on ......… the walls. I have a television...and.......… a computer in my room. .There.......… is a table between the bed and the door. There is a telephone ....on........… the table.

end of page 135136 F. Come or go ?

1. He .goes......… home after school.2. I ..go/come......… to school from Monday to Friday.3. We ..go......… to the pub on Saturdays.4. We don’t ...come/go.....… to school on Sundays.5. Do you usually ..go......… to the cinema on Saturday ?

G. What do you prefer ?

a. Animals1. I like ..dogs.................… . 2. I don’t like ....cats................… .3. I prefer ...dogs................… to …...cats................… .

b. Food1. I like ...white bread................… .2. I don’t like ..brown bread.................… .3. I prefer ...white bread................… to ...brown bread................… .

c. Drinks1. I like ...coffee................… .2. I don’t like ...milk................… .3. I prefer ...coffee................… to ....milk...............… .


H. What is the negative ?eg. He likes tea. He doesn’t like tea.

1. He uses a computer. ..He doesn’t use a computer. .....................................................2. We have a car. ..We don’t have a car.....................................................3. There is a swimming pool in the garden. There isn’t a swimming pool in the garden. 4. She has blue eyes. ...She doesn’t have blue eyes. ..........................................................5. I think this food is nice. I don’t think this food is nice. .............................................…

I. In the classroom, what things are …

1. big ? .......a table, a board........................ 2. clean ? ...a ceiling, walls, 3. dirty ? .....a floor, a board.........................4. blue ? ....chairs...............5. brown ? ..a floor...........................……… 6. black ? ..a table, a board ..................…...

end of page 13637J. Spell the plurals

1. Man …..men.......... 2. Woman ..women..........3. Person ..people.......... 4. Child ….children...........5. Mouse ..mice..........

K. Food and Drink

What do you usually have...

1. for breakfast ? ..toast, cereal............. 2. for lunch ? ....tomato soup.....3. for dinner ? .......salad, bread...........

When do you usually have…

4. a sandwich ? ..in the evening....... 5. toast ? ....in the morning ..........6. wine ? .……...at night.................. 7. coffee ? ..in the afternoon......


L. What do we sometimes / usually / always / never do ?

1. I…always……..come to school on Mondays.2. I…never……..come to school on Sundays.3. The teacher…never……..speaks my language in the classroom.4. We …always……..speak English in the classroom.5. I…usually…….drink wine with my dinner.6. I…sometimes…….go to the pub after school.

M. Read these sentences. What do you sometimes / usually / always / never do ?

1. I never listen to ….pop....…….. music.2. I usually have ……cereal with milk….....….. for breakfast.3. I always have …….tea….....….. with/without sugar.4. I usually drink ……red wine.....….with my dinner.5. I sometimes go to …a restaurant.....…….after school.6. I usually listen to ….jazz....……..music.

N. Where do the words go ?

1. I have breakfast before I come to school.(usually) ..I usually have breakfast before I come to school. .....................................2. I always go in the mornings.(to school) ..I always go to school in the mornings. .......................................................3. I have lunch at home.(never) ...I never have lunch in the mornings. ...............................................................

end of page 1371384. He sometimes goes after school.(to the pub)...I sometimes go to the pub after school. ......................................................5. I don’ t have cereal for breakfast.(on Sundays)...I don’t have cereal for breakfast on Sundays. ....................................…


O. What are the questions for these words ?eg. you/eat/home ? = Do you eat at home ?

1. you/ever/watch television ? Do you ever watch television ? 2. they/ever/come/school/by bus ? Do they ever come to school

by bus ?3. students/ever/eat lunch/the classroom ? Do students ever eat lunch

in the classroom ?4. she/ever/listen/radio ? Does she ever listen to the radio ?5. we/ever/have a lesson/Sunday ?Do we ever have a lesson on

Sunday ?

P. Correct these sentences

1. I have usually eggs for breakfast.I usually have eggs for breakfast.

2. He watch sport on TV.He watches sport on TV.

3. I like watch the news.I like watching the news.

4. I favourite kind of music is Classical music.My favourite kind of music is Classical music.

5. I am prefer pop music to jazz.I prefer pop music to jazz.

6. There is a good film in TV.There is a good film on TV.

7. She understand our language.She understands our language.

8. I not like his friends.I don’t like his friends.

9. There have ten students in the classroom. There are ten students in the classroom.

10.We don’t eat cereal at the morning.We don’t eat cereal in the morning.

Q. What are the words ?

1. This computer ...is....… easy to use. It is the same ...as.....… my computer .....at...…home. 2. He has .the......…same colour hair as his brother, but his eyes ...are.....…a different …colour.


3. I generally watch ....the...…news in the evening, but sometimes ...it....… is difficult to …understand.

R. Are these words adjectives, verbs or nouns ?

green right ask long gardenuse shower prefer favourite badthink thing sugar come afternoon

Adjectives: Verbs: Nouns:

.green...................... ..ask........................ ..garden........................

.right........................ ..use........................ ..shower........................

.long........................ ..prefer.................... ..thing........................

.favourite................ ...think...................... ..sugar........................

.bad......................... ....come........................afternoon........................

end of page 138

139Unit 3 spelling testA.1. teacher 2. bathroom 3. bedroom 4. without5. bread 6. horrible 7. quite 8. England9. speak 10. soB.1. chairs 2. adult 3. mouse 4. child5. this 6. these 7. here 8. there9. breakfast 10. languageC.1. favourite 2. listen 3. watch 4. understand5. easy 6. difficult 7. usually 8. different9. restaurant 10. alwaysD.1. secretary 2. adjective 3. thing 4. think5. nationality 6. afternoon 7. sometimes 8. same9. generally 10. bread

end of page 139


Unit 4

A. Present Simple and Present ContinuousWrite one sentence in the present simple and one sentence in the present continuous using these words.

1. He/listen/radio.. He often listens to the radio.....……………............................. He is listening to the radio now...........……………………………2. She/use/computer. She uses a computer every day........................................................ She is using a computer now...........………………………….3. He/watch/TV. ........ He watches TV in the evenings............………….....................................He is watching TV at the moment........……………………….4. I/sit/chair. ................I always sit on my chair in the morning....................................................I am sitting on my chair now...........…………………………..5. She/study/English. ..She studies English every day...............................................................She is studying English now...........……………………………B. These sentences are wrong. What is the right sentence ?

1. I never listen the radio. ...I never listen to the radio..............................2. He from Brazil. ...............He is from Brazil...........................................3. Do you have a umbrella ? Do you have an umbrella ?.........................4. The London is dirty. ........London is dirty..............................................5. I think this picture nice. ...I think this picture is nice.............................6. It is very a good film. ......It is a very good film......................................7. I no understand this word. I do not understand this word. ..................8. He not listening to the teacher. .He is not listening to the teacher. .....9. Do you watching TV ? ...Are you watching TV ?..................................10. Are you ever study at home ? ..Do you ever study at home ? ...........

C. Numbers Say these numbers.

a. 16 sixteen b. 33thirty three c. 77seventy seven

d. 109one hundred and nined. 555five hundred and fifty five


e. 1,280one thousand two hundred and eightyf. 20,000twenty thousandg. 250,000two hundred and fifty thousandh. 60,000,000sixty million

end of page 140141D. Give three examples of…

Fruit ....an apple................a banana........... ......an orange........Vegetables ..a potato............... ...a tomato.............. ...a carrot.......Meat ..chicken................ ....beef................. ....pork.................Colours ....white................ ...black................. ......green..............Animals ....a cat................ ....a dog................ ....an elephant..........

E. What is the word ?

1. He ...is...… reading a newspaper.2. She ..does..… not understand English newspapers.3. He has a lot ...of...… friends in this city.4. I write postcards ....to… my friends.5. Do ...you..… read magazines ?

F. Use a gerund

1. I like ...living in London.2. They like ...speaking English.3. She likes ..going.… to the cinema.4. I don’t like .watching television in the morning, I prefer ..listening to the radio.5. I prefer ..going.… to school in the morning.

G. Where do you put these things ?

Money – I put my money in my wallet.Keys – I put my keys in my pocket.Wallet – I put my wallet in my bag.Telephone numbers – I put my telephone numbers in an

address book.Your book after the lesson I put my book after the lesson in

my bag.


Dirty clothes – I put my dirty clothes in a washingmachine.Your coat – I put my coat in a wardrobe.Stamps – I put stamps on an envelope.Letters – I put letters into a letterbox.

H. What are the words ?

Joe ..goes..… to school in the morning. He has breakfast ...at...… home, and he ...has..a cup of coffee at school. He likes studying and always listens to the teacher, but sometimes he ...does ...not.... understand. Sometimes he ..goes..... to the cinema after school.

I. Write sentences in the Present Simple with these verbs.

1. Have .......I have three dogs and one cat.............2. Know ......I don't know him...............................................................3. Watch .....He watches TV in the evening.............................................

end of page 1411424. Eat ..........I never eat chicken for breakfast. ....................................5. Drink .......She drinks coffee in the morning. .................................6. Understand ..They understand their teacher. ...............................

J. Write sentences in the Present Continuous with these verbs.

1. Study .....You are studying English now. ...................................................................2. Watch ...He is watching a very good film on TV now. ...............................................3. Listen ....I’m not listening to my teacher now. ............................................................4. Read ......We are reading an English newspaper at the moment. ..............................5. Write ......I’m writing a letter to my sister now. .....................................................….6. Teach .....She is teaching Spanish now. .....................................................................…


K. Questions and NegativesWhat is the question word ? What is the negative answer ?

1. Does he .speak English ? No, he doesn’t speak English...............2. Is he .listening..to the teacher ? No, he isn’t listening to the teacher...............……….3. Does... she like going to the cinema ? No, she doesn’t like going to the cinema. ..…..4. Do they .go.… to school in the morning ? No, they don’t go to school in the morning. 5. .Is… he reading an. English newspaper ? No, he isn’t reading an English newspaper.

L. Correct these sentences

1. Do you like go to the cinema ? Do you like going to the cinema ?2. He like going to the cinema. He likes going to the cinema.3. We like going the cinema. We like going to the cinema.4. I like going to_cinema. I like going to the cinema.5. He is listen to the radio. He is listening to the radio.6. We are listening_ the radio. We are listening to the radio.7. They are listening to_ radio. They are listening to the radio.8. She_ listening to the radio. She is listening to the radio.

M. What is the sentence ?

1. I/eat/lot/bread. I eat a lot of bread...............………………………….2. There/about/60 million people/Britain. There are about 60 million people in Britain.3. What/happening/that classroom ? What is happening in that classroom. ..............…4. I/from/Scotland/but/live/London. .I am from Scotland but I live in London. .........…5. I/not/know/lot/people/this city. .....I don’t know a lot of people in this city.................6. There/lot/student/classroom. .........There are a lot of students in the classroom..........

end of page 142


N. Sentences in the Present Simple

1. What kind of music ....do.......... you ......listen....... to ? (to listen)2. .Does.............. he ....prefer......... coffee or tea ? He ....prefers........ coffee. (to prefer)3. .Does.............. you usually .....go............ home by bus ? (to go)4. .Are............... you a teacher or a student ? I ...am.............. a student. (to be)5. Where ...does.... she ......have......... lunch ? She ......has.......... lunch at home. (to have)6. Does....... John ....teach........ you English ? Yes, he ....teaches... me English. (to teach)

O. Sentences in the Present Continuous

1. .Are............... you ..listening....... to me or the radio ? (to listen)2. She ..is............... ...eating..........lunch. (to eat)3. What ...are..... they .....doing...? (to do) They ...are.... ...studying.. at school. (to study)4. .Is................ she ..drinking......... beer ? No, she .....isn’t......... ..drinking...... beer, but she.....is............ ......drinking..... cider. (to drink)5. Which language ...are..... they ..speaking.. ? They ..are ..speaking... Spanish. (to speak)

Unit 4 spelling testA.because wrong vegetables fruitaddress pocket example preferlistening thirtyB.right write chicken lettuceeight eighty eighteen friendmagazine walletC.thousand carrot favourite newspaperkeys call know (verb) dancemillion meat................... end of page 143


Unit 5

A. Prepositions

1. I work ..during.… the day.2. I usually sleep ..for..… about seven hours.3. He sleeps during the day because he works …at.... night.4. I like listening ..to..… the radio …in.... the morning, but I prefer watching TV ..in..… the evening.5. He doesn’t like cooking ..at..… home. He prefers eating ..in..… restaurants.6. We don’t work ..on..… Sundays.7. She likes bread ...with.… soup.

8.The teacher never sits down ...in.… the lesson.

B. Countable or Uncountable ? Correct these sentences.

1. I don’t eat a lot of rices. ...............................rice.........................................………….2. I have two hundreds dollar. .........................hundred. dollars ....................................3. I like different kinds of musics. ...................music......................................................4. The news are on TV in the evening. ............is..............................................................5. My money are in my wallet. ........................is...............................................………..6. This trousers are new. ..................................These.....................................…………..7. He has black hairs and blue eye. ..................hair........................................................

C. What is the sentence ?

1. I/keep/knives/forks/drawer. ..I keep knives and forks in a drawer. ....2. I/usually/glass/wine/dinner. ..I usually drink a glass of wine with my

dinner.3. He/sometimes/bowl/cereal/breakfast. ...He sometimes has a bowl of

cereal for breakfast. 4. There/five/clean/shirt/wardrobe. ..There are five clean shirts in a

wardrobe. ..........


D. What are the words ?

I like cooking .....at....... home. I have ....a........ nice, big kitchen with a ....lot........ of cupboards, a good cooker, a microwave ....and........ a small table. I can eat in ..the.......... kitchen.I ...usually......... eat my breakfast there, but I prefer ...eating......... dinner in the living room. I don’t ..like..... doing the washing up.

end of page 144145E. Use an adverb: well badly quickly slowly

1. I like using a microwave because it cooks food ..quickly..........2. I know him ..well..........3. I always eat hot soup ..slowly..........4. When it is very hot, I usually sleep …badly

F. What are the words ?

I like playing chess, but I can’t play ...it......... well. I always play quite slowly because .I........... think a lot ...during......... the game. I want ...to......... play well, so I am .reading...... some books about chess. I am learning a lot ..of.... new things, but not very quickly, because ...it.........is very difficult.

G. What can/can’t you do quite/very well?eg. use a computer I can use a computer quite well.

1. play football . I can’t play football very well.2. speak English ... I can speak English quite well. 3. dance .. I can dance very well.4. sing ... I can sing quite well.5. speak your language ... I can speak my language very well.6. cook ... I can’t cook very well.

H. Put prepositions in these sentences.

1. I always have a coffee ....before.............. coming to school.2. It is difficult to live in a country ....without...... knowing the language.3. I always do the washing up ....after........ eating dinner.4. Sometimes I work for two hours ....without...... sitting down.


5. .After...... playing tennis I always have a shower.6. I can’t understand the newspaper .....without............. using a dictionary.

I. Infinitive verbsWrite 12 infinitive verbs.

1. ..to eat............................ 2. ......to drink.............. .3. ......to stand........4. ..to sit............................. 5. ......to wash up..........6. .....to speak..........7. ..to be............................. 8. ......to dance...............9. .....to sing............10. to write...................... 11. .......to read................ 12. ....to play............

end of page 145

J. Write sentences/questions with the verb ‘want’.

1. You/play/football/ ? .... Do you want to play football ? 2. He/not/work hard. ........ He doesn’t want to work hard. 3. I/buy/new clothes. ........ I want to buy new clothes. 4. How many hours/you/study? .... How many hours do you want to

study ? 5. I/listen/music. ...... I want to listen to the music.

K. What are the right words ?

1. I want ....to buy............... new clothes.2. Do you ...put................ sugar in your tea ?3. They want ...to make...... make a chocolate cake, but they don’t know how.4. Q. ...Who................ wants this apple ?A. I want it !5. We ....don’t............... want to learn any new words.6. I don’t think the baby ..wants............ to eat this.7. I want .....to.............. speak English well.9. She usually wants .....to.............. drink after working for four hours.10. How many lessons does the student ....have............... ?


L. Some, any, an , a

1. They’ve got ....some... food in the fridge.2. We haven’t got ....any........ meat, but we can cook ..some...... potatoes.3. Have you got ..any.......... Michael Jackson CDs ? I’ve got ....a.... Michael Jackson CD.4. Have you got ..any.... brothers and sisters ? Yes, I’ve got two sisters and ...a.... brother.5. I haven’t got...any......... money so can you give me ...some......... money ?

Unit 5 spelling testsA.1. during 2. night 3. minute 4. lesson5. soup 6. cook 7. kitchen 8. fridge9. freezer 10. icecream

end of page 146147B1. glass 2. plate 3. bowl 4. cupboard5. wardrobe 6. drawer 7. clothes 8. saucepan9. quick 10. downstairsC1. preposition 2. infinitive 3. hungry 4. thirsty5. foot 6. feet 7. thumb 8. toe9. shirt 10. skirtD1. gloves 2. dress 3. pair 4. some5. any 6. young 7. teenager 8. expensive9. cheap 10. closed

end of page 147


Unit 6

A. Possessive adjectives my, your, his, her, its, our, their

1. He is a student and that is .....his.......... book.2. She is a taxidriver and that is ...her............ car.3. They are students and these are...their............ books4. I am a dancer and these are ...my..... shoes.5. The cat is hungry but there isn’t any food in ....its........... bowl.6. I know you study at this school, but who is .....your.......... teacher ?7. We want to give .....our... mother a new dress for ...her....... birthday.8. They want to give ....their.... father a new jacket for ..his........ birthday.

Bi Whose … ? Use these words to make questions with whose.eg. Whose ... (pen/that) Whose pen is that ?

1. Whose…. (money/this) ..Whose money is this?2. Whose… (shoes/those) .Whose shoes are those?3. Whose… (socks/these) ..Whose socks are these ?4. Whose… (wine/it) ...........Whose wine is it?

Bii. Now put in some words to make questions.

6. Whose book …..is this?7. Whose pictures .is that?8. Whose bag .......is this?9. Whose gloves ...are those?10. Whose scarf ....is .it?

C. Syllables How many syllables are there in these adjectives ?

small (1 ) dirty (2 )beautiful (3 ) big (1 )difficult (3 ) soft (1 )hard (1 ) easy (2 )

end of page 148149


D. ComparativesMake comparatives from these adjectives.

colder..... harder..... softer..... nicer..... slower.....easy easier.......... quicker..... dirty dirtier.......... happy happier........ taller.....

E. Comparatives Write a comparative adjective in the space.

1. London is ...bigger........ than Oxford.2. I think my shoes are .....older........... than his shoes.3. The floor is ......dirtier....... than the ceiling.4. Wine is usually .....cheaper....... than Champagne.5. July is .....warmer........ than January in England.6. It is ...easier.......... to spell ‘pen’ than ‘possessive’.7. I can sleep on the floor, but I prefer my bed because it is ....softer............ .

F. Someone, something, anyone, or anything

1. Someone.. is waiting for you in the office. He wants to talk to you about .something .2. I don’t know .....anyone......... taller than my brother.3. There is .something....... on your shoe.4. There isn’t ..anyone..... here who plays golf.5. Is there ..anything........ in the cupboard ?6. I don’t like parties when I don’t know ..anyone......... and there isn’t .....anything............... nice to eat.

G. Give two examples of…

Something you write with. ..a pen, a pencil........................ ....................Someone English you know. ..Tony Blair, Helen Fielding........................ Something we keep in a drawer. .a tie, socks......................... .................Something you can make. ..a cake, soup........................ ....................Something you don’t like doing. .cleaning, washing up......................... ..Someone older than you. ..my father, my grandfather........................ ....

end of page 149150


H. Have and have gotWrite these sentences using have got.eg. Do you have a car ? Have you got a car ?

1. I don’t have any time to study. ......I haven’t got any time to study. ...........................2. Does she have long hair ? ..Has she got long hair ?................................................….3. He has a good job. ..He has got a good job...........................................4. I don’t have a visa for the U.S.A. ..I haven’t got a visa for the U.S.A. .....................5. Do we have any rice at home ? ...Have we got any rice at home ? ........................…6. Does she have any friends in London. ...Has she got any friends in London ? ...........7. He doesn’t have any brothers or sisters. .He hasn’t got any brothers or sisters. ...….

I. Well, good and good atWe don’t usually say: He sings well.We usually say : He is good at singing. or He is a good singer.Change these sentences to something we usually say.

1. He cooks well. .....He is good at............................................ cooking.2. She teaches well. .She is a good............................... teacher.3. My mother and father dance well. ......They are good at..........dancing.4. Can he cook well ? .....Is he a good................................... cook ?5. She skis well. ..............She is good at................................... skiing.6. They work well. ..........They are good............................... workers.7. My brother plays football well. ..My brother is good at....... football.

J. Is there an ‘s’ or not ?

1. There are five Avalon books.2. I listen to a lot of different kinds of musics.3. She never asks any questions after the lesson.4. She is twentyfive and she has four childrens.5. Our teacher never sits on her chair.6. Does he comes to school in the morning ?7. I always buys apples at the supermarket.


8. I don’t read any English newspapers.9. Why don’t you likes vegetables ?10. I know someone who lives in Paris.

end of page 150

K. Do you know these things from the first six units of Book One ?Correct these sentences.

1. Are they usually study in this classroom ?Do they usually study in this classroom ?2. My brother is sometimes listening classical music.My brother is listening to classical music/…sometimes listens to classical music.3. My sisters is older me, but I am taller than him.My sister is taller than me, but I am taller than her.4. I’ve got any money, but it is home.I’ve got some money, but it is at home.5. Do you friends in London ?Do you have friends in London ?/Do your friends live in London ?6. Foreign language is easier learning when you are young.Learning a foreign language is easier when you are young.7. What are you usually having for breakfast ?What do you usually have for breakfast ?8. Do she have got some brother or sister ?Has she got any brothers or sisters ?/Does she have any........

L. Which words can go at the end of these sentences ?

1. I have three children. Two sons and a .daughter.................. .2. I am not very good at .cooking.................. .3. In Australia, December is not in winter but in .summer.................. .4. This year, I want to go abroad on .holiday.................. .5. I like going to the beach, but I never swim in the ..sea................. .6. Sometimes I use the bus, but I prefer the train because it is ..faster... .7. My friend can’t speak English, but she can speak French very .well......

M. The prepositions in these sentences are wrong. Write the right ones.

1. There is never anything to do on the weekend in this city. at


2. We are going at the nightclub by taxi. to3. I take the pen out from my pocket when I write to the board. of, on4. My friend is in the USA at this week. 5. In the end of the lesson, the teacher says ‘Goodbye’ to the students.At6. I know the names of the students of my class. in7. When he makes something nice to dinner, he usually gives something at me. for, to8. I don’t like watching to the TV when I have friends in my house.,

end of page 151152Unit 6 spelling testsA.begin beach beginning marriedanything easier daughter no onehotter holidayB.round rain wife heavierweather square snow anyonehard beautifulC.see (verb) hear (verb) something happiertriangle mountain slowly foreignabroad fastD.mountain bigger river enjoyhusband dirtier nothing cloudwind someone

end of page 1521


Unit 7

A. What did they do before ?Change these sentences from the Present Simple to the Past Simple.eg. He works in a bank. (Last year/shop) Last year he worked in a shop.

1. She plays the guitar well. (Five years ago/badly)....Five years ago she played the guitar badly. ..............................................................2. He wants a cigarette from me. (Yesterday/pen)....Yesterday he wanted a pen from me. ........................................................................3. He watches a lot of films. (Last night/Titanic)....Last night he watched ‘Titanic’. .…...........................................................................4. He studies very hard. (Last weekend/12 hours)....Last weekend he studied for 12 hours... .....................................................................

B. Questions and Negatives in the pastPut these questions and negatives in the Past Simple.

1. He doesn’t like the colour of the shirt. .He didn’t like the colour of the shirt.2. Does he live with you ? ..Did he live with you ? ...................................3. Do they cook a lot of pasta ? ..Did they cook a lot of pasta ?..............4. I don’t listen to the radio. ..I didn’t listen to the radio. ..........................5. Does he walk to school ? ..Did she walk to school ? ...........................6. Where does she work ? .....Where did he work ? ................................

C. What is the Simple Past of these verbs ?

Understand ...understood..............Teach ....taught.................................Come .……...came.........................Go .…....went................................Read ....…….read...........................Have .….had.................................Wear .……....wore..........................Think......thought...........................Know .……..knew............................Write .....wrote.............................. Forget ……...forgot................................


D. Correct these sentences in the Past Simple.

1. I understanded his question.understood

2. I didn’t understood anything during the lesson yesterday.understand

3. She wores a very nice, blue dress.wore

end of page 152154 4. She didn’t wore her red skirt.

wear5. A different teacher teached us yesterday.

taught6. Did you spoke to your mother last night ?

speak7. Where did you went yesterday ?

go8. He buyed some chocolates in the newsagents and gave them to me.

bought9. Did they liked the film ?

like10.We drank a lot at the party, so we comed home in a taxi.

came

E. Make Past Simple questions

1. You/go out/last night ? .........Did you go out last night ? ..............................................2. He/forget/bring/book ? .........Did he forget to bring his book ? ..............................…..3. How many/letter/he write/yesterday ? ....How many letters did he write yesterday ? 4. When/you come/London ? ....When did you come to London ? ...................................5. Where/they have/dinner/last night ? .........Where did they have dinner last night ? …6. What/you think about/film ? ..What did you think about the film ? ......................…..


F. The verb ‘to be’ in the Past SimplePut these sentences and questions in the Past Simple.e.g. I am tired today. I was tired yesterday.

1 He isn’t very happy. .......I wasn’t very happy................. last Saturday.2. Are you hungry ? ....Were you hungry............................this morning ?3. Is he at home ? ........Was he at home......................when you called ?4. The film isn’t very good. ....The film wasn’t very good......…last night.5. Is the weather nice ? .....Was the weather nice...during your holiday ?6. Is it cold ? ....Was it cold........................…..........................last week ?7. Are they abroad ? ......Were they abroad...................…last Christmas ?8. The cat is in the garden. ..The cat was in the garden.......…when I came home.

G. Which goes with which ?

1. He didn’t sleep well… …to drink anything.2. They went to… …on the menu.3. We didn’t want… …at work.4. She usually wears those shoes… …last night.5. I didn’t like anything… …three weeks ago.6. They talked ... ... for three hours.7. They were on holiday ... …bed early.1. He didn’t sleep last night.2. They went to bed early.3. We didn’t want to drink anything.4. She usually wears those shoes at work.5. I didn’t like anything on the menu.6. They talked for three hours.7. They were on holiday three weeks ago.

end of page 154155H. Correct these sentences.

1. He didn’t was thirsty this morning. wasn’t2. She didn’t go out in last night. 3. They didn’t went to the party. go4. They didn’t at home yesterday. weren’t5. Did she enjoy the film at Saturday ? on6. Did you go at the park ? to


7. Which car did they preferred ? prefer8. She wasn’t understand anything when she came to the school.didn’t9. Did you late for school this morning ? Were

I. Write the words

1st. .the first.......... 2nd. ...the second..........…….. 3rd. ...the third.........4th. .the fourth...... 5th. ...the fifth.........…...…….... 6th. ...the sixth.........7th. .the seventh... 8th. ...the eighth........……….. 9th. ...the ninth..........

J. Correct these sentences.

1. What your name ? What’s2. My teacher hair is blond and his eyes are brown. teacher’s3. I think my language is easy than this language. easier4. A taxi is quicker that a bus, but a bus is cheaper. than5. He always buys me expensive something for Christmas.

something expensive6. Do you have anything is cold to drink ? 7. When you begin Book Two, you can give this book for your friend. to8. There is something I want _ask you. to9. I don’t like beer. I prefer to wine. 10. My father is in the living room seeing TV. watching

K. Can and couldMake a sentence using can/can’t and could/couldn’t.e.g. When I was five I couldn’t read a newspaper but now I can.When I was sixteen I could swim 1000m, but now I can’t.1. When I was ..a child I couldn’t walk quickly but now I .....can.......... .2. When I was ..at university I could speak three languages well but now I ....can’t......... .3. When I was ..younger I could jump very high but now I ...can’t....... .4. When I was ..very short I couldn’t touch the …ceiling... but now I ...can..... . end of page 155156 L. QuestionsMake questions beginning with these words.

Does ……....he like coffee with milk or without it ..........................................................?


Did ....……..he go to the pub yesterday ...........................................................................?How many ...people are there in your family.................................................................. ?Is there .........a living room in your flat ........................................................................... ?Can ...............you swim well .............................................................................. ?Could ...........walk quickly when you were a child ......................................................... ?

M. Prepositions for timesWhich is the right preposition ? In some sentences there is not a preposition.

1. I don’t work ..on.... Sundays.2. Her birthday is ..on.. June 3rd.3. You usually call me ..at.. the weekend.4. He works ..in.... the morning, and studies ..in.... the afternoon.5. I can’t go out ..Ө.... this evening because I don’t have any money.6. She couldn’t work ..in. the evenings, because she had a young child.7. When I can’t sleep ..at... night, I read a book and have a glass of milk.8. I didn’t understand anything ..on.... my first day at this school.9. In our country, it doesn’t usually rain ..in.... summer.10. I didn’t come to school ..Ө.... last week.

Unit 7 spelling testsA.science geography taught thought bought remember fourth fiftheighth presentB.wore spoke understood boring forget spelt could death finish meant

end of page 156


Unit 8

A. Future SimpleThese sentences with will are wrong. Make them right.

1. Do you will come to school tomorrow ?Will you come to school tomorrow ?2. I don’t will see John tonight.I won’t see John tonight.3. I will to study harder.I will study harder.4. Will you to have dinner with us tonight.Will you have dinner with us tonight.5. When will she gets up ?When will she get up ?6. Will you are rich in the future ?Will you be rich in the future ?7. I not will go to bed early tonight.I won’t go to bed early tonight.8. It will be rain tomorrow.It will rain tomorrow.9. I will here tomorrow.I will be here tomorrow.10. I’m will be tired after the lesson.I will be tired after the lesson.

B. Different TensesMake sentences from these words. Put them in the right tense Present Simple, Past Simple, or Future Simple. The words in bold will help you.

1. He/eat/a lot of chips/last night. ..She ate a lot of chips last night. ............................2. She/come/to school/tomorrow. ..She will come to school tomorrow. ...................…3. It/always/rain/my birthday. .........It always rains on my birthday. ........................…4. She/often/forget/people’s names. She often forgets people’s names............................5. He/ask/us/some questions/soon. ..He will soon ask us some questions........................


C. Questions in The Future SimpleMake questions with these words.

1. You/come/here tomorrow ? ……….Will you come here tomorrow ? .....................…2. You/think/she/like/ film tonight ? ....Do you think she will like the film tonight ? …3. How many/people/go/the party ? .....How many people will go to the party ? ........…4. You/ask her after the lesson ? ..........Will you ask her after the lesson ? .....................5. You/here/in three weeks’ time ? .......Will you be here in three weeks’ time ? ........…6. The school/open/next Monday ? .......Will the school open next Monday ? ...........…..

end of page 157158 D. Negatives in the Future SimpleUse won’t, and a verb.

1. We .....won’t be.... late tomorrow.2. I ..........won’t forget.... my book next lesson.3. The teacher .....won’t ask..... him difficult questions.4. I ..won’t send..... you a lot of letters from England, because I will work and study every day.5. Our teacher says the exam.......won’t be............ very difficult.6. She ..won’t watch.... the film on TV tonight, because she watched it at the cinema and didn’t like it.7. I know he....won’t do... the washing up after dinner he never does it !

E. ComparativesWrite the right comparative form.e.g. big bigger than expensive more expensive than

1. tall ....taller.... 2. rich ......richer..............................3. interesting ...more interesting.... 4. early ....earlier.5. late ..later.............. 6. famous ...more famous.........7. soon .....sooner......... 8. funny .....funnier................


F. ComparativesComplete these sentences with the comparative form of the adjective.e.g. The table is ........heavier than.......... the chair. (heavy)The table is heavier than the chair.

1. England is .............smaller than......... Brazil. (small)2. Football players are .....richer than..... teachers. (rich)3. Tonight’s film will be...more interesting.............. the one yesterday. (interesting)4. A burger is .........cheaper than................................... a pizza. (cheap)5. This picture is ....less beautiful........................... that one. (beautiful)6. Russian is ............less difficult than.................... English. (difficult)7. Swimming is .......easier than........................... skiing. (easy)

G. Subject and Object PronounsWrite the correct pronouns in this grammar table.

subject pronoun object pronoun subject pronoun object pronounI me You you…He him she her…it it… we us…you you they them …

end of page 15859H. Subject and Object PronounsAnswer these questions using pronouns.e.g. Did David and John buy the house ? Yes, they bought it.

1. Did Mary call Simon ? Yes, she called him.......................................... .2. Did you buy the little red car ? Yes, I bought it............................. .3. Did those policemen see the women ? Yes, they saw her ...................4. Does the letter say that Damon likes Justine ? Yes, it says that he

likes her. ......... .5. Did Steven cook chicken for his children ? Yes, he cooked it for them.6. Does your sister enjoy her English lesson ? No, she doesn’t enjoy it. 7. Did you have that jacket two months ago ? Yes, I had it. .......8. Have you got my glasses ? No, I haven’t got them. ...................


I. Possessive Adjectives and Possessive PronounsWrite these sentences using a possessive pronoun.e.g. They are my shoes. They are mine.

1. This is my book. This is ...mine................………… .2. Where is your book ? Where is ....yours ...................?3. I’ve got your pen. I’ve .got..yours................………….. .4. The red house is his house. The red house is his……… .5. The big car is her car. The big car is hers....................... .6. You can use our computer. You can use ours................. .7. This is their ball. This is theirs.………..................... .

J. Possessives and Comparatives.Use a possessive pronoun or a comparative.

1. Your hair is ..longer.... than mine.2. Their TV is bigger than ....ours...................3. His car is very fast, but I prefer ..slower cars...................4. I think your shoes are ...cleaner....... than hers.5. My Dad is ....taller............than yours.6. This pen is not working. Can I use ..yours...... ?7. I can’t give you this wine, because it’s not ....mine....................

K. Make these sentences right.

1. I am not use my computer now. using2. I_sometimes late for the lesson because of my job. am3. He goes to job early in the morning. work4. Do you know anyone with_ car ? a

end of page 159160 5. I went to school until I was eighteen years_. old6. They are usually come to our house at the weekend. 7. I speak English slow, because I am a beginner. slowly8. They speak English differently, because they_ American are


L. Verbs with ‘back’Put in the correct verb, in the correct tense.

1. Pedro gave me his pen during the lesson, but I forgot to ...give.... it back.2. I have bought you a shirt. If you don’t like it, you can .......take... it back to the shop.3. I love this city, and I want to ....go........ back here one day.4. She is very happy here, and doesn’t want to ...go... back to her old job.5. I went to Milton Keynes last year. I will never ...go........ back.6. You can use my calculator for your exam, but don’t forget to ......give......... it back.

M. OppositesWhat is the opposite of …

to get up ......to go to bed...................... late ..….….early.....................asleep ……..awake...............……........ alive …….dead........................the past .….the present...............…...... last week...next week................poor .…..….rich................………….... in front of ..behind.....................come ……..go.................…………....... begin ….....end......................

N. Come, come back, go, go back

1. I sometimes ....go...... to the cinema at the weekend.2. My parents ......went...... to Scotland last year on holiday, and they want to ....go back.......... there next year.3. I didn’t ........come............. here yesterday.4. I will ............go...................... to my country in the summer.5. She …came... here this morning, but ..went... home because she forgot her books.6. I like this school so I think I will ...come back....... next year.

O. Who or what is…(You can answer with nothing or no one.)

1. … sitting next to you ? ...Betty is sitting next to me..............................…………….2. … sitting opposite you ? .John is sitting opposite me................................………….


3. … behind you ? ...............No one is sitting behind me...………………….................4. … opposite this school ? ..The bank is opposite this school……................................

end of page 1601615. … next to the school ? …....The park is next to the school…………............................6. … sitting near you ? .....…....Brenda is sitting near me.....………………….................7. … living with you ? ...…........My family are living with me...………………...............8. … behind your house ? ...…….The garden is behind my house.....................………...9. … between you and the door ? .The chair is between me and the door. ..............……

P. Make these sentences right.

1. I was not wake at 9.00 this morning, but I was asleep. awake2. He asleep for six hours last night. slept3. Mozart was die more than 200 years ago. died4. There is a pub nearly my house. near5. There are two televisions to my house. in6. I think you will be cry when you watch that film. 7. He is very funny. I am always laugh when I am with him. 8. I don’t have my book today. I don’t bring it. didn’t

Q. Different tensesMake sentences from these words. Put them in the right tense Present Simple, Past Simple, Future Simple. The words in bold will help you.

1. We/make/a pizza/for her/a week ago. ....We made a pizza for her a week ago. ...........2. I/often/eat/apple/lunch. ………………...I often eat an apple for lunch. ..................…3. My sister/late/dinner/yesterday. ……….My sister ate her dinner late yesterday .......4. You/come/ school/tomorrow? .………..Will you come to school tomorrow ? ............


Unit 8 spelling testsA.early asleep awake alivedead opposite almost tomorrowfamous throughB.across difference brought laughbigger tunnel apostrophe nearlyheard kilometre

end of page 161


Unit 9

A. Verb FormsWhat are these verb forms ?


like liked likeduse .. used...... . used.......play .. played..... played.......have .. had...... . had.......know .. knew...... . known.......teach .. taught......taught......

B. The Present PerfectPut in a word to make a sentence or question in the Present Perfect.

1. How long ...have....... you been here ?2. I ...have.... taught English here for two years.3. We ..have........ known them for three years.4. He has ..driven...... that car for about six years.5. How long have they .....taught...... students at this school ?6. I have not ..played....... football for about a year.7. He has not ..come........ to our class for three weeks.8. He ....has.... been in Germany for a month.9. We have ..had....... this computer for two years.10. The teacher has not ....asked..... any questions for about ten minutes.

C. For or Since ?

1. I have been here ...since.......... three o’clock.2. How many jobs have you had ...since....... 1995 ?3. She has had that car ...since........ Christmas.4. They have known us ..for........ eight years.5. He has been unhappy .since.... his first day in London.6. I have used this book ..since.. my first lesson at this school.7. I have studied English .for.. 2 years, ...since...... 1998.


D. Make these words into sentences in the Present Perfect.

1. They/live/here/December. ................They have lived here since December. ...........2. I/know/them/about six months. …..I have known them for about six months. ........…3. She/be/a student here/last August...She has been a student here since last August......4. They/have/that car/1975. ................They have had that car since 1975. ..................…

end of page 16235. she/have/that job/2 years. ................They have had that job for 2 years. ................…6. I/teach/here/1994. ...........................I have taught here since 1994. .........................…7.We/be/married/3years. .....................We have been married for 3 years. .................…

E. Past Participles

1. People say that film is good, but I haven’t ....seen.............. it. (see)2. People say she’s a horrible person, but I have never ...met. her. (meet)3. I have never .....done............. anything very difficult in my life. (do)4. She’s an old friend. I have ......known............ her for ten years. (know)5. He has ..forgotten........ his English, because he hasn’t studied for ten years. (forget)6. He has ...written............... thirteen letters to me since last year. (write)7. I have not ...read............... any of his books. (read)8. I haven’t .made............. a cake since your last birthday. (make)9. She is very famous, and she has ....had.............. four husbands. (have)10. That has .been...... our favourite restaurant for twenty years. (be)


F. Present Perfect and Past SimplePut the verb in brackets ( ) into the right tense.

1. I ..came........ (to come) to London three weeks ago2. I ..have been............ (to be) in London for three weeks.3. We ..have lived......... (to live) here since 1994.4. She ..lived............. (to live) with her sister last year, but now she lives here.5. I .....tried...................... (to try) waterskiing on holiday in France last year.6. I .....haven’t eaten...... (to eat, not) anything today, so I’m very hungry.7. I .....saw...................... (to see) a film in that big cinema last year.8. She .have never tried............ (to try, never) this kind of coffee.

G. Things we have done.When we talk about things we have done in our lives, we use the Present Perfect.With questions we use ever, and with negative sentences, we use never.

1. She/fly/in a plane. ...She has flown in a plane. ..............................................………2. He/never/see/snow. .He has never seen snow. ...........................................................3. They/travel/to a lot of different countries. ...They have travelled to a lot of different countries. 4. You/ever/eat/Turkish food ? ........Have you ever eaten Turkish food.........................?5. She/meet/a lot of famous people. .She has met a lot of different people. ...............….6. He/ever/play volleyball ? .............Has he ever played volleyball ..... ?

end of page 163164 H. Give an example of:

1. A very good book you have read.2. Someone you have known for more than a year.3. Something horrible you have eaten.4. A famous film you have never seen.5. A kind of food you have never eaten.6. A country you have never been to.


I. Past Simple and Present Perfect

Remember that when we say the particular time something happened, we always use the Past Simple. Look at these examples:

I have eaten Italian food. (no particular time)I ate Italian food on holiday last year. (particular time, on holiday last year)Write sentences, using the right tense.

1. I/swim/in the sea. ...I have swum in the sea.........................................I/swim/in the sea last summer. ...I swam in the sea last summer. ..........2. He/meet/the president of Spain. ..He has met the president of Spain. He/meet/the president of Spain last summer. ..He met the president of Spain last summer. 3. You/ever/eat/Thai/food ? ..Have you ever eaten Thai food ? ..............When you/eat/Thai/food ? ....When did you eat Thai food ? ................4. You/see/that new James Bond film ? .Have you seen that new James Bond film ? …When/you/see/it ? ..When did you see it ?……..................................5. I/have/lunch. ......I have had lunch.……………................................I/have/lunch in a café yesterday. ....I had lunch in a café yesterday. .......

J. Irregular Verbs. Put in the verb forms.

see…. saw............ .....seen............break broke............. ..broken.............eat........ ate ………….....eaten..............ride...... rode ………......ridden...........drive ... drove ............. .driven............write... wrote ………….written..............read.... . read.....…......... readknow ... knew........…... .known.............flow...... flew …………....flown............drink ..... drank.............. .drunk............swim ..... swam.............. .swum.............begin.... began ………....begun............

end of page 164

165


K. CorrectionsCorrect these questions and answers in the Present Perfect.

1. How long you have studied here ? ......How long have you studied here ? .................I have been study here for two months. ..I have studied here for two months. ..............2. How long do you know John ? ...........How long have you known John ? ..............…I have known him since five years. ........I have known him for five years. ................….3. How long have you be in London ? ....How long have you been in London ? .........….I was be for three weeks here. .................I have been here for three weeks. ...............….4. How long have she worked there ? .....How long has she worked there ? ................….She has worked there in January. ............She has worked there since January. ......……

L. Adjectives, Comparatives, Superlatives

adjective comparative superlative

hot …………..... hotter...… .. the hottest........................easy …………... easier........ . the easiest..........................beautiful .. more beautiful. .. the most beautifuldifficult ... more difficult....... the most difficultinteresting more interesting the most interestingslow ...................slower........ the slowest.........................expensive . more expensive... the most expensive.....famous ...... more famous....... the most famous.........good .......... better................. . the best...........bad ............ worse............... ... the worst........................


unit 9 spelling testsA.been since written particulareaten ridden bicycle flewbetter ticketB.opinion capital size weightheight biggest world thoughtworse worst

end of page 165


Unit 10

A. ProbablyAnswer these questions, using the word probably.

1. What time will you go to bed tonight ?....I will probably go to bed at 11 o’clock tonight. ....................................................2. What do you think the teacher does between lessons ?....I think the teacher probably chats between lessons. ...........................................3. When will you go back to your country ?....I will probably go back to my country in a month. ..............................................4. What kind of job will you do in the future ?

....Iwill probably be a teacher in the future....................................

B. A life storyComplete these sentences with verbs in the Past Simple.

Herbert Jones 19061968.Herbert Jones ..was... born in East London in 1906. He ...went.. to a school near his house until the age of 16. After that he ...worked..... in a shoe shop for twenty years. He (not) .didn’t like...........the work, and ..started.......... working as a taxi driver in 1942. When he ..was.......... 38 he ..met..........his wife Fenella on holiday in Southend, and they ..got...... married in a big church in East London. They ..lived...... together happily for many years, until he ...died......... in 1968.

C. AdjectivesMake sentences with these words. Use the adjectives below.important, necessary, nice, healthy, easier, dangerous, safe, polite

1. It isn’t ...healthy to..... eat a lot of chocolate, crisps, and fizzy drinks.2. It ..is important..... for me to learn English.3. It isn’t ..safe............ for children to play in the streets.4. It.. is necessary to.............to take your passport when you go to another country.5. It ..is polite to.................. say ‘please’ when you ask for something.6. It ..is dangerous to............. ride a motorbike without a seatbelt.7. It ..is easier to................. to learn to swim than to ski.


end of page 166

D. Choose have to or don’t have to

1. I can go to bed late tonight, because I .don’t have to.... get up early tomorrow.2. Everyone ..has to..... eat, but not everyone ..has to..... work.3. You ..don’t have to.... wear a coat in summer.4. Students ..have to... answer with a sentence, not one or two words.5. People who work in shops usually ...have to.. work on Saturday.6. After a comparative we ..have to...... use ‘than’.7. My little sister ..has to...... go to school, but she doesn’t like it.8. My grandfather ..doesn’t have to. pay for new glasses, because old people can get them free.

E. Comparatives and Superlatives

Hotel Hawaii: 50m from the beach; £80 a night.Hotel Benidorm: 100m from the beach; £50 a night.Hotel Blackpool: 500m from the beach; £25 a night.Now make a comparative or superlative from the adjective on the right..

1. Hotel Benidorm is ...is cheaper......than.......... Hotel Hawaii. (cheap)2. Hotel Blackpool is ...the............. ..cheapest.............. hotel. (cheap)3. Hotel Hawaii is .....more...... ..expensive Hotel Benidorm. (expensive)4. Hotel Hawaii is ...the most..........expensive.. .......... hotel. (expensive)5. Hotel Benidorm is .nearer to. the beach than...Hotel Blackpool. (near)6. The .nearest... hotel to the beach is Hotel Hawaii. (near)

F. Mistakes in the Present Perfect/Past Simple1. How long you have had that car ? ..How long have you had that car ? .....................I had it for six months. ........................I have had it for six months. .......................……2. Have you this job for a long time ? .Have you had this job for a long time ? .........…No, I have this job for two months. .....No, I have had this job for two months. ........….3. Where you have worked since last year ? ...Where have you worked ? ..................…..


I worked here since last year. ...............I have worked here since last year. ..............…..4. Who did you meet since you came to London ?..Who have you met since you came to London ? I have meet a lot of people since I came here. ..I have met a lot of people since I came here.

G. To go and to be in the present perfectChoose gone or been for these sentences.

1. My brother has ...been............ to Japan but he came back last year.2. Where is Susan ? She has ....gone.............. to the supermarket.

end of page 167168 3. John went on a threeweek holiday yesterday. Where has he gone... ?4. I’ve never ....been.......... to Korea.

H. Finish these sentences using the same + noun as ...

1. My friend is… the same height as...... me.2. An elephant is about ..the same weight as... a car.3. London is about ....the same size as.......... New York.4. My mother is ...the same age as.............. my father.

I. Write two examples of:

a. a fact .……...Africa is a continent. Christmas is on 25th of December.................b. an opinion ...White coffee is the best. People from Spain are very nice. …............

J. Choose to be or to get + adjective.

1. I haven’t eaten anything today. I .am... very ..hungry........ .2. People ...get ..... ...tired........ when they don’t sleep enough.3. I .get........ ..angry........ when people are rude.4. I .am....... ...thirsty................... . Can I have a glass of water please?5. Close the window please. I ...am .... ...cold....... .6. Old people often ...get...... .......cold................ in winter.


K. Use enough, not enough, too much or too many for these sentences.

1. I understand .......enough............ English to read a letter but I ...don’t........ know ....enough....... to write a letter.2. There are .......too many ............... cars in this city.3. There is .........too much................. salt in this soup, it tastes horrible.4. I have ............enough..................... money to buy an old bicycle, but… don’t ….have ....enough........................ money to buy a new one.5. My bag is big .....enough............ for your books.

L. Write sentences with to be going to.

1. I/play football this afternoon. ....I am going to play football this afternoon. ............2. My friends/meet me in the pub. .My friend is going to meet me in the pub. .....……3. They/see the new film. ...............They are going to see the new film. ....................…4. I/study English at home tonight. .I am going to study English at home tonight. .…..5. My mother/cook lasagne for lunch My mother is going to cook lasagne for lunch. …

end of page 1689Unit 10 spelling exercisesA.probably packet unhealthy theatrecountryside village dangerous helmetchoice necessaryB.another angry enough touchcheque company factory coughill furniture


IndexAa 18a lot 46a lot of 44about 24, 91abroad 74account 121across 91action 39actor 96actress 96add, to 65address 19adjective 39adult 24aeroplane 104Africa 108after 15afternoon 35again 127age 106ago 79air 113airport 105alive 88all 123all day 123almost 89alphabet 13always 35America 33an 18and 14angry 117animal 18another 116answer 24any 60anyone 71anything 70apostrophe 92apple 44April 17arm 8armchair 124arrive, to 123Asia 108ask, to 25asleep 88at 50at the moment 57August 17Australasia 108Australia 95, 108Autumn 17awake 88B

baby 24bad 32badly 54bag 9banana 44bank 121baseball 55basketball 55bath 31bathroom 31be born, to 84be good at something, to 73be necessary, to 115be sure, to 112be, to 6, 57beach 74, 95beautiful 68because 43bed 31bedroom 31beef 44been 99beer 44before 15begin, to 65beginning 65behind 9, 89belong, to 66between 15, 95bicycle 58, 104big 10bigger 68bike 58bird 104birthday 84black 11blue 20board 11boat 105boil, to 53book 5boots 59boring 81both 124bottle 52bottom 56bowl 53boy 24brain 109Brazil 10Brazilian 33bread 32breakfast 35bridge 91bring, to 96British 33

brother 28brown 20bus 58, 105but 9buy, to 62by 58Ccall, to 46can 54, 86cannot 54capital 106car 27cardigan 59cards 55carrot 44carry, to 119cash 121cashpoint 121cat 18ceiling 5chair 5Champagne 62cheap 62cheque 121chess 55chest of drawers 124chicken 44child 24children 24China 33Chinese 33choice 114choose, to 114chopsticks 52Christmas 84church 124cigar 112cigarette 112cirle 72city 10classical 36classroom 7clean 11clock 19closed 63clothes 53cloud 76cloudy 76coat 59code 46coffee 31coffee table 124cold 10cold, a 122colder 69Colombia 33


Colombian 33colour 20come back, to 95come, to 34comfortable 124company 122comparatives 68comparatives (2) 93computer 27consonant 13continent 108contraction 72cook 51cook, to 51cooker 52cool 73cough, to 122could 86couldn’t 86count, to 7countable 51country 10, 33countryside 113cow 114credit card 121cross,to 91cry, to 96cup 52cupboard 53Ddance, to 48dangerous 114date 83, 84daughter 68day 14, 50day off 122dead 88death 84December 17dentist 30department store 62did 77die, to 88difference 95different 38difficult 38dinner 35dirtier 69dirty 11dislike 60do, to 25doctor 30dog 18don’t have to 116door 5down 56downstairs 56

drawer 53dress 59drink 44drink, to 32drive, to 104drums 69drunk 117during 50Eearly 87ears 8easier 69east 106easy 38eat, to 32eg. 47eggs 51eight 7eighteen 8eighth 83eighty 18elephant 10eleven 8end 65end, to 65England 10, 33English 33, 81enjoy, to 75enough 118envelope 46Europe 108evening 35ever 35every 123every day 123everyone 125everything 125everywhere 125example 47expensive 62eyes 8Fface 8fact 109factory 122family 23famous 91farm 114fast 73father 23favourite 36fax 30February 17field 114fifteen 8fifth 83fifty 18

film 37find, to 121finger 59finish, to 85first 18first class 105first time 80fish 44five 7flag 33flat 19, 27floor 5flu, the 122fly, to 104food 32, 44foot 59football 55for 50, 99for example 47foreign 74foreigner 74forget, to 81fork 52forty 18four 7fourteen 8fourth 83freezer 52fresh 113Friday 14fridge 52friend 45from 7frozen 113fruit 44funny 96furniture 124future 89future intention 127future simple 89Ggame 55garden 27generally 38geography 81gerund 48gerund (2) 56get + adjective 117get, to 105get up, to 87girl 24give, to 47glass 52glasses 60gloves 59go and be in the present perfect 107


go back, to 95go on holiday 74go, to 34go to bed, to 87going to, to be 127good 32, 54grandparent 67grass 114green 20grey 20guitar 69gun 30Hhair 8half 20hand 8happier 69happy 57hard 65, 75hat 59have got 72have, to 25have to, to 116he 63head 8healthy 113hear, to 71heavier 69heavy metal 36height 107helicopter 104hello 5helmet 114her 6, 66, 94, 97here 21hers 97high 105him 94, 97his 6, 66, 97history 81holiday 74home 27, 34horse 104hot 10hotel 101hotter 69hour 19house 27how far 88how long 50how many 12how much 62huge 60hundred 18, 24hungry 57husband 67I

I 63icecream 52if 120If + present + future 120If + present + present 120ill 122illness 122important 115in 7in front of 9, 89infinitive 57instrument 69interesting 81irregular adverbs 54irregular comparatives andsuperlatives 110irregular plurals 23irregular verb forms 98irregular verbs 79Is it a ...? 6it 63, 94Italian 33Italy 33its 66Jjacket 21Japan 33Japanese 33jazz 36jeans 21, 59job 30July 17jumper 21June 17Kkeep, to 52kettle 53key 45kilometre 88kind of 36kitchen 52, 95knife 52know, to 47Korea 33Korean 33Llanguage 33last 18, 78last time 80late 87laugh, to 96learn, to 104leave, to 123left 11leg 8lesson 38letter 13, 45

lettuce 44library 124life 84light 5lighter 69like, to 31listen and hear 71listen, to 36live, to 45living room 31London 10long 26lorry 104lose, to 121low 105lunch 35Mmagazine 44make, to 55man 6March 17market 62married 67maths 81May 17me 94mean, to 60meaning 60meat 44meet, to 100metre 88microwave 52midday 103midnight 103milk 31million 24mine 97minute 19Miss 67Monday 14money 45morning 35mother 23motorbike 104mountain 74mouse 10mouth 8Mr. 67Mrs. 67Ms. 67music 36musical instrument 69my 6, 66, 97Nnationality 33near 88nearly 89


necessary 115negative 8negative answers 26negative answers in the past 78never 35new 61New York 95news 37newsagent 62newspaper 44next 90next to 89night 50nightclub 65nine 7nineteen 8ninety 18ninth 83north 106North America 108nose 8not anyone 71not enough 118noun 38November 17now 17number 7, 83Oobject 94object pronoun 94o’clock 20October 17office 122often 48old 23, 61older 68on 7one 7one way 105only 126open 63open, to 62opera 36opinion 109opposite 11, 89or 10orange 20, 44other 116our 66, 97ours 97Ppacket 112pair of 59paper 46parent 67parents 23

park 113part 106particular 102particular time 102party 85passport 74past 19, 77past participle 98past simple tense 77pasta 51pay, to 121people pronouns 71person 23phone number 46piano 69picture 5pink 20place 95plane 58, 105plate 53play 113play, to 55please 7plural 7pocket 45Poland 33policeman 30Polish 33polite 123poor 90pop 36port 105Portuguese 33positive 8possessive 66possessive (2) 67possessive adjectives 66, 97possessive pronouns 97possessive ’s 67post box 46post code 19postcard 45potato 44prefer 32preposition 56present 77, 85present continuous 41present perfect (1) 98present perfect (2) 100present perfect (3) 121present perfect and past simple103present simple and presentcontinuous 42probably 112pronouns 63put, to 45

Qquarter 20question 8, 24quick 54quickly 54quite 33Rradio 36rain 76rain, to 76rainy 76read, to 44rectangle 72rectangular 72red 20regular adverbs 54regular plurals 23remember, to 81restaurant 35, 95return 105rice 32rich 90ride, to 104right 11, 43river 75road 19rock 36room 31round 72rude 123run, to 73S‘s 22sad 57safe 114same 38, 107Saturday 14say, to 14scarf 59school 27science 81Scotland 10sea 75seat belt 114second 19, 83secretary 30see, to 71, 100sell, to 62sentence 13September 17seven 7seventeen 8seventh 83seventy 18shape 72she 63sheep 114


ship 58shirt 21shoe 21shop 61shopping 61short 26shorter 69shorts 59since 99sing, to 48single 67, 105singular 7sink 53sister 28sit down, to 56sit, to 42six 7sixteen 8sixth 83sixty 18ski 75skin 65skirt 59sky 76sleep, to 50sleepy 117slow 54slowly 54small 10smaller 68smoke, to 112smoking 112sneeze, to 122snow 76snow, to 76so 34sock 21sofa 124soft 65some 60some and any 60someone 71something 70sometimes 35son 68song 48soon 92soup 51south 106South America 108Spanish 33speak, to 34spell, to 14spoon 52sport 37, 55square 72stairs 56

stamp 46stand, to 42stand up, to 56standard 105start, to 85station 105stay, to 101still 88stop, to 125street 19, 95strong 119student 6study, to 41subject 41, 81, 94subject + verb + object 94subject pronouns 63sugar 32Summer 17sun 76Sunday 14sunglasses 60sunny 76superlatives 108superlatives (2) 109superlatives and the presentperfect 111supermarket 62sure 112swim, to 75swimming pool 27syllable 68Ttable 5take a day off, to 122take, to 96talk, to 91taller 69taxi 30taxi driver 30tea 31teach, to 41teacher 6, 30teenager 24telephone 27television 27, 37ten 7tennis 55tenth 83than 68that 21the 7theatre 113their 66, 97theirs 97them 94there 21there are 12

there is 12these 22they 63thing 22thing pronouns 70think, to 32, 109third 83thirsty 57thirteen 8thirty 18this 21, 78those 22thousand 24three 7through 91thumb 59Thursday 14ticket 105time 19, 80tiny 60to 7, 19, 58today 14, 77toe 59tomato 44tomorrow 89too 119too + adjective 119too many 119too much 119top 56touch, to 119town 114train 58, 105travel, to 105triangle 72triangular 72trousers 21try, to 101tunnel 91twelve 8twenty 8, 18two 7Uugly 68umbrella 18uncomfortable 124uncountable 51under 9underground 58understand, to 37unhappy 57unhealthy 113until 118up 56upstairs 56us 94use, to 30


usually 35Vvan 104vegetables 44verb 39verb forms 98very 33village 114violin 69visa 74vowel 13Wwait, to 101walk, to 58wall 5wallet 45want, to 58wardrobe 53warm 73wash, to 53washing 53washingup 53watch 19

watch, to 37water 32we 63wear, to 59weather 76Wednesday 14week 14weekend 65weight 107well 54west 106what is ...? 5when 35where 9which 15white 11who 15whose 22, 67why 43wife 67will 89wind 76window 5windy 76

wine 32Winter 17with 25, 32without 32woman 6won’t 89word 13work 50work for, to 122work, to 50world 108would 126write, to 45wrong 43Yyawn, to 122year 83yellow 20yesterday 77you 63, 94young 23younger 68your 6, 66, 97yours 97


Avalon Direct English TEACHER'S BOOK 1

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Transcript of Avalon Direct English TEACHER'S BOOK 1