8/11/2019 autobiogrfy of ashoka

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Ashoka

Ashoka Maurya (Sanskrit : ), (304 232 BCE), commonly known as Ashoka and also as Ashoka theGreat , was an Indian emperor of the Maurya Dynasty who ruled almost all of the Indian subcontinent from circBCE to 232 BCE .[1] One of India's greatest emperors, Ashoka reigned over a realm that stretched from the HKush mountains in the west to Bengal in the East and covered the entire Indian subcontinent except parts ofpresent da yTamil Nadu and Kerala . The empire's capital was Pataliputra (inMagadha , present-day Bihar ), wiprovincial capitals at Taxila an dUjjain .

In about 260 BCE Ashoka waged a bitterly destructive war against the state of Kalinga (modern Odisha ).[2] Hconquered Kalinga, which none of his ancestors had done .[3] He embraced Buddhism after witnessing the massdeaths of the Kalinga War , which he himself had waged out of a desire for conquest. "Ashoka reflected on the warin Kalinga, which reportedly had resulted in more than 100,000 deaths and 150,000 deportations. "[4] Ashokaconverted gradually to Buddhism beginning about 263 BCE .[2] He was later dedicated to the propagation ofBuddhism across Asia, and established monuments marking several significant sites in the life of GautamaBuddha . "Ashoka regarded Buddhism as a doctrine that could serve as a cultural foundation for politicalunity. "[5] Ashoka is now remembered as a philanthropic administrator. In the Kalinga edicts, he addresses hispeople as his "children", and mentions that as a father he desires their good.

Ashoka is referred to as Samraat Chakravartin Ashoka the "Emperor of Emperors Ashoka." His name " aokmeans "painless, without sorrow" in Sanskrit (the a privativum and oka "pain, distress"). In his edicts , he isreferred to as Devnmpriya (Pali Devnapiya or "The Beloved of the Gods"), and Priyadarin (Pali Piyadas "He who regards everyone with affection"). His fondness for his name's connection to the Saraca asoca tree, "Asoka tree" is also referenced in the Ashokavadana .

H.G. Wells wrote of Ashoka in his book The Outline of History : "Amidst the tens of thousands of names ofmonarchs that crowd the columns of history, their majesties and graciousnesses and serenities and royalhighnesses and the like, the name of Asoka shines, and shines, almost alone, a star." Along with the Edicts o

Ashoka , his legend is related in the 2nd-century Ashokavadana ("Narrative of Asoka ," a part of Divyavadana )in the Sri Lankan text Mahavamsa ("Great Chronicle "). The emblem of the modern Republic of India is anadaptation of the Lion Capital of Ashoka .

Ashoka's early life [edit ] Ashoka was born to the Mauryan emperor Bindusara and a relatively lower ranked wife of his, Dharm [orDhamm]. He was the grandson of Chandragupta Maurya , founder of Mauryan dynasty . The Avadana textsmention that his mother was queen Subhadr ang. According to Ashokavadana , she was the daughter of a Brahminfrom the city of Champa .[6]:205 Emp ress Subhadrang was a Brahmin of the Ajivika sect ,[7] and was found to be asuitable match for Emperor Bindusara. Though a palace intrigue kept her away from the emperor, this eventuallyended, and she bore a son. It is from her exclamation "I am now without sorrow," that Ashoka got his name.The Divyvadna tells a similar story, but gives the name of the queen as Janapadakalyn .[8][9]

Ashoka had several elder siblings, all of whom were his half-brothers from other wives of Bindusara. His fightingqualities were apparent from an early age and he was given royal military training. He was known as a fearsomehunter, and according to a legend, killed a lion with just a wooden rod. Because of his reputation as a frighteningwarrior and a heartless general, he was sent to curb the riots in the Avanti province of the Mauryan empire

Rise to power [edit ]

Maurya Empire under Ashoka. The empire stretched from Afghanistan toBengal to South India .

The Buddhist text "Divyavadana " describes Ashoka putting down a revolt due to activities of wicked ministers. Thismay have been an incident in Bindusara 's times. Taranatha 's account states that Chanakya , one of Bindusara'sgreat lords, destroyed the nobles and kings of 16 towns and made himself the master of all territory between theeastern and the western seas. Some historians consider this as an indication of Bindusara's conquest of theDeccan while others consider it as suppression of a revolt. Following this, Ashoka was stationed at Ujjayini asgovernor .[

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