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Ingls para Receita FederalTeoria e exerccios

PROF: Vladia Mattar

Prof. Vladia Mattar www.pontodosconcursos.com.br 1

GREET I NGS , GREET I NGS EVERYONE ! ! W ELCOM E AB OARD !Pa r abn s p o r t e r s ad o n a f r e n t e ! Com ea r a es t u d a r c om

a n t e c e dn c i a um a e s t r a tg i a f u n d am e n t a l p a r a g a r a n t i r o s u c e s s o ! !

A b i t a b o u t m e .. .Para aqueles que ainda no me conhecem....its N I C E meeting you!!Meu nome Vladia Mattar Hudson e estaremos juntos na preparao para oconcurso da Recita Federal. Nasci na praia, mas vim parar em Braslia em 1998e aqui estou at hoje. Yes!! I miss living near the beach!. Sou graduada emLetras-Ingls pela Universidade Federal do Esprito Santo (UFES). Alm dagraduao, tenho 3 diplomas de proficincia no idioma Ingls (FCE e CAE"Cambridge University" e CPE "Michigan University"). Tenho mais de 14 anos

de experincia como professora em instituies de renome em Braslia. Tenhovivncia em pases de lngua inglesa onde fiz cursos voltados para o ensino dalngua inglesa (EFL Teaching) e cultura americana e britnica. Tambm, jministrei palestras e organizei workshops na rea. Bom, acho que posso dizerque: T e a ch i n g En g l is h i s a l r e a d y p a r t o f m e !

Digo-lhes, sinceramente, que mais do que saber o idioma, necessrioum treinamento especfico para resolver a prova de ingls deconcursos e isso exige dedicao e estratgias de estudo. Ento,vamos s nossas estratgias!

A b o u t t h e co u r s e .. .O domnio pleno de um idioma estrangeiro pressupe desenvolver quatrohabilidades fundamentais: speaking, listening, writing and reading.O foco do nosso curso ser reading comprehension ( Interpretao de Textos ),pois a habilidade cobrada em concursos.

Veja o ltimo edital:INGLS: Interpretao de Textos. ( foram 10 questes )

ATENO!! A abordagem do curso ser instrumental, visa a compreenso

escrita da lngua. O curso no para o aprendizado do idioma!

Como iremos desenvolver r e a d i n g c om p r e h e n s i o n ?

Praticando com questes de provas passadas da ESAF; Praticando com questes pertinentes de outras bancas; Praticando com questes inditas baseadas em textos da rea de

interesse do concurso; Enriquecendo o vocabulrio (Word formation, false cognates, common

words, connectors, phrasal verbs and others); Estudando as dicas gramaticais (Sentence formation, verb tense, parts of

speech and others);

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Desenvolvendo estratgias de leitura (skimmimg and scanning); e Usando o frum para dirimir suas dvidas.

As provas de ingls da ESAF so geralmente composta de 3 textos extradosde revistas e jornais estrangeiros sobre assuntos pertinente ao rgo quepromove o concurso. Tem sido assim, mas isso pode mudar. Ento paraenriquecer nossas aulas utilizarei, alm das questes da ESAF, as de outrasbancas com perfil similar ou que julgar interessante, e as INDITAS(questes elaboradas por mim). Teremos, ento, uma variedade maior detextos para explorarmos itens gramaticais, vocabulrio, expressesidiomticas...

Em cada aula teremos:

9 Textos e exerccios de provas gabaritados e comentados;9 Exerccios Inditos gabaritados e comentados;9 Dicas;9 Lista das questes da aula, sem comentrios e com gabarito, para

treino.

Feitas as apresentaes, as the Ramones say... hey ho... lets go !?

AULA 0

Parte 1 Studying and Reading strategies(Estratgias de Estudo e Leitura)

Parte 2 Questes: Esaf/CGU/2008; Esaf/RFB/2009gabaritadas e comentadas

Parte 3 Questes INDITAS

Parte 4 Teoria, Dicas e Vocabulary Builder

Parte 5 Lista de questes desta aula e gabarito seco

Parte 1 St u d y i n g a n d R ea d i n g S t r a t e g i e s , ouEstratgias de Estudo e Leitura

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Buscar palavra por palavra no dicionrio uma prtica desaconselhvel, poisalm de ser exaustivo, desvia a ateno do leitor porque quebra seu ritmo

produtivo devido a interrupes.

Oh Teacher!O que devo fazer ento?Well...Sugiro as estratgias a seguir:

9 Oriente-se por meio das palavras cognatas que so aquelas palavrasparecidas com as de nossa lngua.

9 Esteja atento s palavras repetidas. Se forem repetidas, porque muitoprovavelmente so de maior relevncia no texto. Caso no compreendauma palavra repetida, ou palavra-chave, tente inferir seu significadoatravs do contexto.

9Observe todas as indicaes tipogrficas do texto: palavras escritas comletras maisculas, em itlico, com negrito, sublinhadas, smbolos, datas,desenhos, grficos, figuras, fotos, hipertextos etc. Todos estes recursosso utilizados com o propsito de enfatizar alguma parte do texto.

9 Freqentemente, o primeiro e o ltimo pargrafos de um texto so osmais significativos.

9 Utilize a tcnica de leitura Skimming* para ler rapidamente um texto,visando captar seu sentido geral.

9 Utilize a tcnica de leitura scanning* para buscar algo especfico notexto.

*Veremos essas tcnicas a seguir!

H duas estratgias bsicas para leitura rpida: s k i m m i m g es c a n n i n g .

Skimmimg uma leitura rpida para captar os conceitos e asidias principais do texto. uma explorao global, geral, feitacom a leitura do ttulo, autor, figura, fonte do texto e a primeirafrase de cada pargrafo. Esta tcnica boa para uma primeiraleitura, ou seja, uma leitura superficial.

Scanningtambm envolve uma leitura rpida, porm procura-sepor algo especfico no texto, seja em resposta a uma pergunta, oupara confirmar uma informao. Ao se encontrar a informaobuscada, faz-se a leitura de todo o trecho, ou pargrafo, conformea necessidade.

Qual voc deve usar? Depende do que a questo exige, do tempo docandidato e da complexidade da questo. Podemos usar uma ou outra,ou ambas, ou nenhuma delas. Por exemplo: quando a questo exigeinterpretao pura, devemos evitar estratgias rpida de leitura.

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Quando a questo exigir vocabulrio, usaremos s c a n n i n g . Isto significaque voc deve localizar a palavra no texto e ler o trecho no qual ela se

insere para entender ou deduzir, pelo contexto, seusignificado.J o s k i m m i n g pode ser usado quando a questo exige tipologia textual,por exemplo. Questes que exigem gramtica pura, muitas vezes podemser respondidas sem releitura do texto ou at mesmo sem leitura dotexto ( arriscado, mas verdade! ) Sempre sugiro pelo menos uma leiturasuperficial= s k i m m i n g

Como estratgia de estudo para as nossas aulas, sugiro:

9 Ter em mos, ou na tela, um dicionrio Ingls-Portugus ou Ingls-Ingls, conforme seu grau de conhecimento do idioma. Ressaltoque o dicionrio Ingls-Ingls ajuda enriquecer o vocabulrio.

9 Ao final de cada aula, relacione as novas palavras por assunto.Dessa forma voc criar um mapa mental semntico... your ownvocabulary builder (exemplo ao final da aula).

9 Aproveite todas as oportunidades para ler em ingls e aprendernovas palavras. Vale tudo: cinema, internet, letras de msicas,

jogos e outros.

Parte 2 Questes gabaritadas e comentadas

ESA F/ RFB / 2 0 0 9 Text 1

REASON WITH HIM

Question (Q) 1: Margolis:When you took office, Brazil was regarded as an underachiever, andthe last among the BRIC nations. Now Brazil is considered a staramong emerging countries. Whats happened?Lula: No one respects anyone who doesnt respect themselves. AndBrazil always behaved like a second-class country. We always toldourselves we were the country of the future. But we never transformedthese qualities into anything concrete. In a globalized world you cannotsit still. You have to hit the road and sell your country. So we decided tomake strengthening Mercosul (the South American trading bloc) apriority, and deepened our relations with Latin America in general. Weprioritized trade with Africa and went into the Middle East aggressively.Our trade balance today is diversified. This helped us cushion the blow

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of the economic crisis.

Q2: Margolis: Has Brazils success in navigating the economiccrisis changed investorsviews?Lula: There was no miracle. We had a strong domestic market. We hadconsumers who wanted to buy cars. We reduced part of the sales tax andasked the companies to offer consumers credit on affordable items. Its thesame case with refrigerators, stoves, washing machines, and with computersand the housing construction.

Q3: Margolis: What are the lessons for other countries?Lula: The great lesson is that the state has an important role to play, and has

great responsibility. We dont want the state to manage business. But it canbe an inducer of growth and can work in harmony with society.

Source: www.newsweek.com 22nd Sep, 2009 (Adapted)

1. ESAF/AFRB/2009 In his answer to question 1, Brazils president refers tostrengthening Mercosul as a priority. In other words, a measure heconsidereda) risky.b) unattainable.c) pivotal.

d) unnecessary.e) advisable.

COMENTRIOO caput da questo traz:In other words= em outras palavras.Isso significa que a banca quer o significado da expresso strengtheningMercosul as a priority .

Strengthening = fortalecer/fortalecimento Priority = prioridade

a) ERRADA.risky. = arriscadab) ERRADA.unattainable. = inatingvelc) CERTA. pivotal. Essencial/pivd) ERRADA.unnecessary. desnecessrioe) ERRADA.advisable. aconselhvel

GABARITO: C2- ESAF/AFRFB/2009 In his answer to question 2, Luiz Incio Lula daSilva says thata) the Brazilian domestic market was frail.b) a miracle did come about in Brazil.c) credit on affordable items was halved.d) part of the sales tax was lowered.e) consumers were not willing to spend.

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COMENTRIO

Vamos ver a resposta do Presidente pergunta 2:

...There was n o m i r a c l e . We had a s t r o n g d o m e st i c m a r k e t . We hadc o n s u m e r s who wanted to buy cars. We reduced part of the s a l e s t a x andasked the companies to offer consumers credit on a f f o r d a b l e items. Its thesame case with refrigerators, s t o v e s , washing machines, and with computersand the h o u s i n g c o n s t r u c t i o n ...

Strong domestic market: mercado domstico forte frail: frgil miracle: milagres affordable items: itens acessveis stoves = foges housing = moradia

a)ERRADA. the Brazilian d o m e st i c m a r k e t wasf r a i l . Veja o texto: W ehada s t r o n g d o m e st i c m a r k e t .A alternativa diz que o mercado domstico brasileiro era frgil (frail), opresidente, na sua resposta, afirma que ns tnhamos um mercadodomstico forte (s t r o n g ).

b) ERRADA. a miracle d i d[ N O T ] c o m e about in Brazil.

No texto:There was n om i r a c l e .A alternativa est na afirmativa e o texto traz uma negativa, ou seja, nega omilagre (no miracle).

c) ERRADA. c r e d i t on a f f o r d a b l e i t e m s was h a l v e d .No texto:

() a s k e d the c o m p a n i e s to o f f e r c o n sum e r s c r e d i t on affordable items.

O presidente afirmou em sua resposta que pediu (asked) s empresas paraoferecer aos consumidores crdito para os itens acessveis (affordableitems). J a alternativa diz que o crdito para itens acessveis (affordableitems) foi reduzido pela metade ( halved vem de half=metade).

d) CERTA.part of the s a le s t a x w a s l o w e r e d .No texto o presidente diz ()We r e d u c e d part of the s a l e s t a x () , logo,imposto foi reduzido (reduced).

Lowered (assertiva) =reduced (texto) = baixar/ reduzir Sales tax = imposto sobre venda

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e) ERRADA. consumers were n o twilling to spend.

Veja : We hadc o n s u m e r s who w a n t e d t o b u y ca r s .

N o t w i l l in g t o = no dispostos a Consumers = consumidores Wanted = queriam To buy cars = comprar carros Spend = gastar

GABARITO:D

3. ESAF/AFRFB/2009 Brazils president refers to the countrys diversifiedtrade balance as havinga) contributed to worsen the global economic crisis.b) resulted from trade with one sole strategic partner.c) been prevented by internal regulations.d) been considered as an unattainable goal.e) minimized the adverse effects of the world crisis.

COMENTRIO

No texto, as palavras diversified trade balance aparecem no trecho:

Ourt r a d e b a la n c e today is d i v e r s i f i e d . This h e l p e d us cushion the blow ofthe e c o n om i c cr i s is .

diversified trade balance = balana comercial diversificada helped = ajudou economic crises = crise econmicaVejamos as alternativas:

a) ERRADA. contributedto w o r se n the global economic crisis.a balana comercial diversificada ajudou (helped) o pas na crise econmica.Worsen = piorar

b) ERRADA. resultedfrom tradewith o n e s o l e strategic partner.O texto fala de diversified trade balance e a alternativa fala, erradamente, emt r a d e w i t h o n e s o lo s t r a t e g i c p a r t n e r (comrcio com um nico parceiroestratgico).

c) ERRADA. been p r e v e n t e d byi n t e r n a l r e g u l a t i o n s .

Prevented = evitada/ impedida

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internal regulations= regulamentaes internasO presidente trata da balana comercial diversificada como fator que teriaajudado o pas na crise e no como tendo sido evitada ou impedida(prevented) por regulamentaes internas.

d) ERRADA. been c o n s i d e r e d as an u na t t a i n a b l e g o a l .

unattainable goal = objetivo inatingvel

e) CERTA. m i n i m i z e d the a d v e r s e e f f e ct s of the w o r l d c r i s i s .

Helped (texto) = minimized (assertiva) =ajudou, minimizou adverses effects =efeitos adversos

GABARITO:E

4. ESAF/AFRFB/2009 In his answer to question 3, Brazils presidenta) emphasizes the role played by the private sector.b) criticizes initiatives derived from private ownership.c) sees the private sector as an inducer of growth.d) affirms the significance of the state.

e) disregards duties attributed to the state.

COMENTRIOVamos as K e y - w o r d s ( palavras-chave) !

The great lesson is that the s t a t e has an i m p o r t a n t r o l e to play, and hasg r e a t r e s p o n s i b i l i t y . We dont want the state to m a n a g e business. But itcan be an i n d u c e r ofg r o w t h and can work in harmony with society

State = estado

important role = papel importantegreat responsibility =grande responsabilidademanage = administrar, gerenciarinducer = indutorgrowth = crescimento

Analisemos as assertivas:

a)ERRADA. em p h a s i z e s the role played by the p r i v a t e s e c t o r .O texto fala da responsabilidade do Estado (state) e no do setor privado.

b) ERRADA. c r i t i c i ze s in i t i a t i v e s d e r i v e d from p r i v a t e o w n e r s h ip .

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O presidente no critica iniciativas privadas (initiatives derived from privateownership), ele enfatiza a responsabilidade e importncia do Estado.

c) ERRADA. sees the private sector as an inducer of growth.O texto no fala de setor privado (private sector) como indutor docrescimento (inducer of growth).

d) CERTA. affirms the significance of the state.

e) ERRADA. disregards duties attributed to the state.

Disregards = desconsidera duties = as responsabilidades (do Estado)

GABARITO: D

ESA F/ CGU / 2 0 0 8

Text 2

Land of PromiseSource: www.economist.com/specialreports

April 12th 2007 (Adapted)

1. In 2003 Goldman Sachs, an investment bank, selected Brazil,along with Russia, India and China, as one of the BRICs- the developingcountries that would share dominance of the world economy by 2050.

2. In some ways Brazil is the steadiest of the BRICs. Unlike China and Russia itis a full-blooded democracy; unlike India it has no serious disputes with itsneighbours. It is the only BRIC without a nuclear bomb. The HeritageFoundations Economic Freedom Index, which measures such factors asprotection of property rights and free trade, ranks Brazil (moderate free)above the other BRICs (mostly unfree). One of the main reasons why Brazils

growth has been slower than Chinas and Indias is that Brazil is richer andmore urbanized.

3. The survey will argue that disgruntlement persists because Brazil is abattleground between progress and inertia. Since independence wasproclaimed by the son of the Portuguese king, Brazil has been adding layerupon layer of change rather than sweeping away the old and starting afresh.

5. (ESAF/CGU/2008) In paragraph 1, four countries are referred to asa) unlikely to play a key role in the world economic scenario.

b) the slowest-growing economies of the present.c) likely to dominate the world economy in the future.d) the fastest-growing economies over the past 50 years.

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e) being todays richest and most prosperous economies.

COMENTRIOA questo quer saber o qu o texto traz no pargrafo 1. Vamos direto l! Aresposta est no trecho:

the developing countries that would share dominance of the world economyby 2050.

Para responder a questo precisamos saber share dominance= compartilhar odomnio ,e tambm entender o advrbio l i k e l y ( provvel ) e seu opostou n l i k e l y ( Improvvel )

a)Errada. No improvvel que os 4 pases tenham papel chave (keyrole) no cenrio da economia mundial. O pargrafo afirma exatamente ocontrrio.Prefixo UN expressa contrrio, negativo. Veja Teorias eDicas sobre formaodas palavras.b) Errada. Slowest-growing economies = economias de crescimento lentoSlowest = mais lento, devagar.c) CERTAd) Errada . Gente o texto fala do future e a alterntiva do passado!!The fastest-growingeconomies over the past50 years.

e) Errada. O erro est em r i c h e s t = a(s) mais rica(s).Vale revisar comparativos ! Veja Teorias eDicas!!Gabarito: Letra C

6. (ESAF/CGU/2008)In paragraph 2, the author compares Brazils growthto Chinas and Indias and, therefore, defines it asa) not being as fast.b) dependent on the latter.c) unexpectedly higher.d) not as stable.

e) the least steady.

COMENTRIO:Gu y s , a idia central tratada neste pargrafo comparao do crescimento doBrasil ao da China e ndia. O autor descreve o Brasil usando o seguintevocabulrio:The steadiest= o mais estvel ( Th e...e s tusado para superlativo )full-blooded= fortemoderate-free = moderadamente livreslowe r= mais lento (sufixo erusado para comparativo)

riche r= mais rico (sufixo erusado para comparativo)m o r e urbanized= mais urbanizado ( more para comparativo )A resposta est no trecho:

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One of the main reasons why Brazils growth has been s l o w e r than Chinasand Indias is that Brazil is richer and more urbanized.

a) not being as fast = no to rpidob) dependent on the latter = depende do ltimo( mencionado )c) unexpectedly higher= inesperadamente maiord) not as stable= no to estvele) the least steady= o menos estvelGabarito: Letra A

7.(ESAF/CGU/2008)In paragraph 3, progress and inertia are cited as the twoa) complementary forces in Brazils promising future.

b) opposing forces in the Brazilian battleground.c) forces of Brazils past growth as a world economy.d) forces that triggered Brazils economic growth.e) realities which are likely to coexist in Brazils economic scenario.

COMENTRIO:Para responder essa questo precisamos saber o significado de algumaspalavras-chave do pargrafo em questo:

Temos sorte de encontrar duas palavras cognatas:inertia=inrcia, Progress=progresso.Outras palavras pertinentes:disgruntlement: descontentamentobattleground: campo de batalhapersists: persistelayer= camadachange= mudanasweeping away= varrendo

Agora,releia o trecho:

The survey willa r g u e thatd i sg r u n t l e m e n t p e r s is t s because Brazil is ab a t t l e g r o u n d between p r o g r e s s andi n e r t i a . Since independence wasproclaimed by the son of the Portuguese king, Brazil has been adding layerupon layer of change rather than sweeping away the old and starting afresh.

a) Errada. No podemos chamarprogress e inertia de complementary forces =(=foras complementares).b) Certa. Elas so opposing forcesc) Errada. No so do passado.d) Errada. No so foras que desencadearam ( triggered) o crescimento

econmico do Brasil.e) Errada. O erro est em likely( provvel ). Elas no so provveis decoexistir no cenrio econmico. Elas coexistem!!

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Gabarito: Letra B

QUA D RI X / D A TA PREV / 2 0 1 0

Text 3

Natalie du Toit wins Laureus award Brad Morgan 11 March 2010

South African swimmer Natalie du Toit was named the Laureus WorldSportsperson of the Year with a Disability at a gala ceremony in Abu Dhabi onWednesday evening. She is one of only five athletes to have competed in the

Olympics and Paralympics.South African Sport Confederation and Olympic Committee (Sascoc) presidentGideon Sam told the Sascoc website: "Natalie has done us proud over theyears," he said. "All South Africans can be proud of her spirit and her never-say-die attitude."

'A true inspiration'

"She is a true inspiration to each and every athlete in this country, indeed theworld, and we are hoping that she can build on this prestigious award as we

look ahead to the 2012 Olympics and Paralympics in London.

"It's people like Natalie that provide the incentive for the youngsters to aspireto greatness, he continued. "She fully deserves this acknowledgement."

8-QUADRIX/ DATAPREV/2010

According to the extract above, it is right to say that.A)Natalie is the only one who has competed in the Olympics and Paralympics.B)The website president saidNatalie has made us proud over the years.C)Gideon Sam said that people like Natalie.D)Gideon Sam said that Natalie deserves the prize.E)Natalie du Toit was named after Laureus.COMENTRIOA questo comea com according to the extract above, isso significa que nofaremos inferncia. A informao est no texto, no nas entrelinhas. umtexto curto e podemos aqui usar a estratgia scanning, ler as alternativasidentificando palavras chaves que devero ser buscadas no texto.Exemplo: alternativa a traz as palavras Olympics and Paralympics, ento v

direto linha 5 e leia a frase completa para a resposta.

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A)ERRADA Natalie no foi a nica (the only one) participante como afirma aassertiva. Ela uma das cinco atletas que participaram (one of only five).

A pegadinha est no uso de the only one que significa a nica. E, one ofonly significa uma entre as poucas.

B)ERRADA O presidente disse ao website (...president Gideon Sam told theSascoc website: Natalie ...) e no o presidente do website disse, comoafirma o item (the president of the website said...).

C)ERRADA O item indica que o verbo like foi usado no sentido de gostar,apreciar. Na verdade trata-se de like como uma preposio que significa,neste caso, like = similar, igual a, como.

D)CERTA Gideon Sam diz: She fully deserves this acknowledgement.E)ERRADA named after significa receber o nome de. O texto traz que

Natalie was named, ( voz passiva ) que significa ser nomeada (para umprmio, Laureous...)

GABARITO:D

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9)QUADRIX/DATAPREV/2010

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COMENTRIO

Ateno!!!! O enunciado diz cannot be said (cannot expressaimpossibilidade). Estamos procurando a resposta errada!A questo aborda o conhecimento dos termos: encourage, persuade, convincee make. Encourage (motivar), persuade (persuadir) e Convince (convencer)expressam os objetivos da campanha de doao de sangue. S com a tcnicaskimmimg possvel resolver a questo.A mensagem principal do anncio (ad)no persuadir o leitor a visitar o sitee sim a doar sangue.

GABARITO: D.

Parte 3 QUESTES INDITAS

Text 4

The International Organisation of Supreme Audit Institutions (INTOSAI)operates as an umbrella organisation for the external government auditcommunity. For more than 50 years it has provided an institutionalised

framework for supreme audit institutions to promote development and transferof knowledge, improve government auditing worldwide and enhanceprofessional capacities, standing and influence of member SAIs in theirrespective countries. In keeping with INTOSAI's motto, 'Experientia mutuaomnibus prodest', the exchange of experience among INTOSAI members andthe findings and insights which result, are a guarantee that governmentauditing continuously progresses with new developments.

INTOSAI is an autonomous, independent and non-political organisation. It is anon-governmental organisation with special consultative status with theEconomic and Social Council (ECOSOC) of the United Nations.

INTOSAI was founded in 1953 at the initiative of Emilio Fernandez Camus,then President of the SAI of Cuba. At that time, 34 SAIs met for the 1stINTOSAI Congress in Cuba. At present INTOSAI has 189 Full Members and 4Associated Members. Fo n t e : w w w . I n t o s a i .o r g

Based on the text, judge the items below

10- VLADIA/INDITA/2012

_____The word umbrella organisation ( line 2 ) resfers to INTOSAI .

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COMENTRIO:Vocabulrio interessante de b u s i n e s s En g l i sh . Umbrella organizationpode

ser traduzido com organizao de cpula , central, de apoiol .E a, esto familiarizado com o termo INTOSAI ?Em portugus :Organizao Internacional de Entidades Fiscalizadoras Superiores.Operate as= atuar como

GABARITO:CERTA

11- VLADIA/INDITA/2012

____Emilio Fernandes Camus is the founder INTOSAI and the president of SAICuba.COMENTRIOEssa requer ateno!!O Emilio realmente o fundador da INTOSAI, mas uma palavrinha no textoexpressa que ele era o presidente do SAI de Cuba na poca em que ele fundouINTOSAI. Ento ele no (= is) HOJE como afirma a assertiva.J sabe qual a palavrinha??Vamos ao trecho:INTOSAI was founded in 1953 at the initiative of Emilio Fernandez Camus,thenPresident of the SAI of Cuba.Acertou quem pensou em t h e n (=depois)

GABARITO: ERRADA

Text 5

Social insurance is any government-sponsored program with the followingcharacteristics:

explicit provision is made to account for the income and expenses (oftenthrough a trust fund);

it is funded by taxes or premiums paid by (or on behalf of) participants(although additional sources of funding may be provided as well).

12-Vladia/INDITA/2012 government-sponsored program(line 1) is aprogram that:

A)sponsors the governmentB)gives support to the governmentC)whose funds come from governmentD)gives funds to the governmentE)the government is responsible for its foundation

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COMENTRIO:Importante sabermos que o adjetivo, em ingls, quase sempre est antes do

substantivo ou depois do verbo de ligao. No caso da questo, government-sponsored o adjetivo do substantivo program e significa que o programa financiado (sponsored) pelo governo. Ateno para o vocabulrio que podeaparecer em sua prova: sponsor, support and fund (financiar, apoiarfinanceiramente e custear)

A)ERRADA. Exatamente o contrrio do que afirma o texto.B)ERRADA. Exatamente o contrrio do que afirma o texto.C)CORRETA. Whose que expressa possesso e pode ser usado para

coisas tambm, no apenas para pessoas, como muitos pensam.

Ex.: a) Mary whose father is from Canada won the Nobel Prize;b) The school whose rooms are made of brick and wood is very hot.

D)ERRADA. o contrrio. O governo d fundos para o programa.E)ERRADA. Olha a confuso entre fund e foundation. Foundation

fundao.

GABARITO: C

Text 5

BRAZIL

The largest Latin-American country, Brazil has an area of 8,5 millions of squarekilometers housing more than 175 million people. In 2003, Brazils GNP wasUS$ 493 billions, with a per capita revenue of US$ 2,789.00. Within theBrazilian economy, it is worth mentioning high-developed sectors such asagriculture and cattle breeding and a very complex industrial base. Besides,the country is the leader of Mercosul, an economic block joining Brazil,Argentina, Paraguay and Uruguay. Established in 1991, this block emerged as

a free trade zone, but its major objective is to become a common market.

13-VLADIA/INDITA/2012Based on the meanings in the text,(A) ...housing... cannot be replaced by accomodating.(B) ...within... is the synonym inside.(C) ...revenue...and income are antonyms.(D) ...Besides... and next toare synonyms.(E) ...developed... and emergedexpress similar ideas.

COMENTRIO

A primeira vista, parece um vocabulrio de fcil entendimento. Porm, exigeuma contextualizao e ateno.

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A)ERRADA. Housing neste contexto significa acomodar, no moradia.Ateno negativa c a n n o t . Housing can be replaced by

accommodating neste texto.B)CERTA.C)ERRADA. Revenue e income so sinnimosD)ERRADA. Cuidado com besides que diferente de beside. Beside

= next to, ao lado de. Besides = in addition to, alm de.E)ERRADA. Parecem similares, mas no so. Emerge carrega o sentido

de surgir (do zero). Develop=desenvolver.GABARITO: B

Text 6

This Company of Technology and Information from Social Security originatedfrom the centers of data processing of existing security institutes in the 70's.The Purpose of the company is to provide solutions on IT and communicationfor the implementation and improvement of social policies of the State, servingmainly to the National Social Security Institute.Fonte:(http://www.securities.com/Public/company-Profile/BR/Dataprev_en_2605577.html). Adapted.

14) VLADIA/INDITA/2012 The word data in text 1 refers to:

A)TimeB)Any documentsC)Chronological informationD)Figures and mapsE)Information stored in hardware

COMENTRIO

Cuidado com os false cognates! So aquelas palavrinhas que nosenganam... Parecem com palavras da nossa lngua, mas tm significado

totalmente diferente.Na questo acima, temos 2 falsos cognatos. Data, que no significa data efigure que no significa figura!

Datasignifica informao, especificamente no texto, informao armazenadano computador.

Figuresignifica smbolo, nmero, grfico, mapa.

GABARITO:E

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PARTE 4 TEORIA E DICAS

W ORD FORMAT I ON A utilidade de se saber sobre a formao de palavras, do ponto de vistadaquele que est desenvolvendo familiaridade com ingls, est no fato de queeste conhecimento permite a identificao da provvel categoria gramatical (se um verbo? adjetivo?) mesmo quando no se conhece a palavra no seusignificado. Essa indentificao de grande utilidade na interpretao detextos, especialmente para inferir significados de palavras desconhecidas.

Prefixos:Os prefixos i, im , d i s, u nexpressamnegativa, ou seja, NOExemplo: partial / impartial

Legal / ilegalRespectful / disrespectfulAble / unable

Sufixos:a) ous, able, ful e less caracterizam adjetivos.

Exemplo: Helpful, jealous, viable, careless

b) hood, ship, ment, ness caracterizam substantivos

Exemplo: neighborhood, scholarship, judgement, happiness

Vocabulary BuilderAps a leitura de cada texto proposto em aula, faa um VocabularyBuilder das palavras a ele relacionadas. Esse esquema ajuda memorizarnovas palavras. Abaixo, segue o Vocabulary Builderfeito do texto 3. Faa

os seus de todos os textos que estudamos nesta aula!! Isso serveprincipalmente para aqueles em que voc encontrou mais palavras novas.

Exemplo: Texto 3 / Prova Dataprev 2010

Prize

( prmio)

award

(prmio/premiar)

Athete

( atleta)

prestigious

Olympics

acknowledgemt

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(pretgio)

paralympics

(Reconhecimento)

Incentive(incentivofinanceiro)

Sportsperson

(desportista)

Vocabulrio: Never-say-die attitude: postura de quem no se deixa sucumbir,

no se d por derrotado.Acknowledgement: palavra grande... mas, no to difcil. Olha

s: palavras grandes, assim, provavelmente tm sufixos e prefixos. Sevoc sabe o significado da palavra know (saber, conhecer), pelo textopoder entender o significado desta palavra: reconhecimento. Ento,minha dica : se voc se deparar com uma palavra desconhecida, tenteidentificar sufixos e prefixos. Livrando-se deles, talvez voc reconhea apalavra.

COMPARAT I VE Formamos os comparativos, geralmente, acrescentando o sufixo er nosadjetivos curtos, ou seja, adjetivos com uma slaba.

Exemplos: large- larger, small-smaller, taller, shorter, etc. Your schoolbag is smaller than Sue's. (Sua mochila menor que a da Sue) Mary is taller than Rick. Ronny is shorter than Mark.

Quando o adjetivo terminar em y usaremos i no seu lugar.

Exemplos: easy- easier; happy-happier

Para adjetivos mais longos, mais de 1 slaba, colocamos a palavra m o r e antesdo adjetivo.

Exemplos:

Mark is moreintelligent than Sue. (Mark mais inteligente que a Sue) This TV is more expensive than the one I have at home. Roses are more beautiful than daisies.

Your car is more powerful than mine.

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Ateno:a palavra than ( que ) vem sempre depois dos adjetivoscomparativos.

SUPERLAT I VEUsamos o superlativo quando queremos intensificar uma determinada

caracterstica.

Exemplo: Yesteday was thehottest day of the month.

(Onten foi o dia mais quente do ms)

Formamos o superlativo acrescentando o sufixo est para os adjetivos

monosslabos.

Exemplos: hot - hotte s t; cheap - cheape s t; hard - harde s t;Para adjetivos mais longos, que tenham duas slabas ou mais, colocamos apalavra "most"antes do adjetivo.

The most famous; The most difficult; The most expensive

Ateno:usa-se the antes do adjetivos superlativos !!!!

Exemplos:- I am thetallest in my family. (Sou a mais alta da famlia).- Shes the most intelligent girl I know. (Ela a garota mais inteligenteque conheo).

H aqueles adjetivos que apresentam forma irregular.

ADJETIVO COMPARATIVO SUPERLATIVO

GOOD BETTER THE BEST

BAD WORSE THE WORST

T h a t s a l l Fo l k s ! ! ! ! f o r n o w . ..

Espero que tenham gostado da aula Demonstrativa. Aguardo vocs na Aula 1 !Continuaremos nas prximas aulas com muito mais!!!

Qualquer dvida f e e l f r e e para perguntar. Estou aqui f o r y o u . Pode contarcomigo!!!

Em seguida, vejam a lista de questes desta aula com o gabarito seco.

SEE YOU SOON ! !

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PROF: Vladia Mattar


PARTE 5 LISTA DE QUESTES E GABARITO SECO

ESAF/AFRB/2009

Text 1

Reason with him

Question (Q) 1: Margolis: When you took office, Brazil was regarded asan underachiever, and the last among the BRIC nations. Now Brazil isconsidered a star among emerging countries. Whats happened?Lula: No one respects anyone who doesnt respect themselves. And

Brazil always behaved like a second-class country. We always toldourselves we were the country of the future. But we never transformedthese qualities into anything concrete. In a globalized world you cannotsit still. You have to hit the road and sell your country. So we decided tomake strengthening Mercosul (the South American trading bloc) apriority, and deepened our relations with Latin America in general. Weprioritized trade with Africa and went into the Middle East aggressively.Our trade balance today is diversified. This helped us cushion the blowof the economic crisis.

Q2: Margolis: Has Brazils success in navigating the economiccrisis changed investorsviews?Lula: There was no miracle. We had a strong domestic market. We hadconsumers who wanted to buy cars. We reduced part of the sales tax andasked the companies to offer consumers credit on affordable items. Its thesame case with refrigerators, stoves, washing machines, and with computersand the housing construction.

Q3: Margolis: What are the lessons for other countries?Lula: The great lesson is that the state has an important role to play, and hasgreat responsibility. We dont want the state to manage business. But it canbe an inducer of growth and can work in harmony with society.

Source: www.newsweek.com 22nd Sep, 2009 (Adapted)

1. ESAF/AFRFB/2009 In his answer to question 1, Brazils president refersto strengthening Mercosul as a priority. In other words, a measure heconsidereda) risky.b) unattainable.c) pivotal.

d) unnecessary.e) advisable.

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2. ESAF/AFRFB/2009 In his answer to question 2, Luiz Incio Lula daSilva says that

a) the Brazilian domestic market was frail.b) a miracle did come about in Brazil.c) credit on affordable items was halved.d) part of the sales tax was lowered.e) consumers were not willing to spend.

3. ESAF/AFRFB/2009 Brazils president refers to the countrys diversifiedtrade balance as having

a) contributed to worsen the global economic crisis.

b) resulted from trade with one sole strategic partner.c) been prevented by internal regulations.d) been considered as an unattainable goal.e) minimized the adverse effects of the world crisis.

4. ESAF/AFRFB/2009 In his answer to question 3, Brazils presidenta) emphasizes the role played by the private sector.b) criticizes initiatives derived from private ownership.c) sees the private sector as an inducer of growth.d) affirms the significance of the state.e) disregards duties attributed to the state.

ESA F/ CGU / 2 0 0 8

Text 2Land of Promise

Source: www.economist.com/specialreportsApril 12th 2007 (Adapted)

1. In 2003 Goldman Sachs, an investment bank, selected Brazil,along with Russia, India and China, as one of the BRICs- the developingcountries that would share dominance of the world economy by 2050.

2. In some ways Brazil is the steadiest of the BRICs. Unlike China and Russiait is a full-blooded democracy; unlike India it has no serious disputes with itsneighbours. It is the only BRIC without a nuclear bomb. The HeritageFoundations Economic Freedom Index, which measures such factors asprotection of property rights and free trade, ranks Brazil (moderate free)above the other BRICs (mostly unfree). One of the main reasons why Brazilsgrowth has been slower than Chinas and Indias is that Brazil is richer andmore urbanized.3. The survey will argue that disgruntlement persists because Brazil is abattleground between progress and inertia. Since independence was

proclaimed by the son of the Portuguese king, Brazil has been adding layerupon layer of change rather than sweeping away the old and starting afresh.

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5. (ESAF/CGU/2008) In paragraph 1, four countries are referred to asa) unlikely to play a key role in the world economic scenario.

b) the slowest-growing economies of the present.c) likely to dominate the world economy in the future.d) the fastest-growing economies over the past 50 years.e) being todays richest and most prosperous economies.

6. (ESAF/CGU/2008)In paragraph 2, the author compares Brazils growthto Chinas and Indias and, therefore, defines it asa) not being as fast.b) dependent on the latter.c) unexpectedly higher.

d) not as stable.e) the least steady.

7.ESAF/CGU/2008In paragraph 3, progress and inertia are cited as the twoa) complementary forces in Brazils promising future.b) opposing forces in the Brazilian battleground.c) forces of Brazils past growth as a world economy.d) forces that triggered Brazils economic growth.e) realities which are likely to coexist in Brazils economic scenario.

QUADRIX/ DATAPREV/2010

Text 3

Natalie du Toit wins Laureus award Brad Morgan 11 March 2010

South African swimmer Natalie du Toit was named the Laureus WorldSportsperson of the Year with a Disability at a gala ceremony in Abu Dhabi onWednesday evening. She is one of only five athletes to have competed in theOlympics and Paralympics.

South African Sport Confederation and Olympic Committee (Sascoc) presidentGideon Sam told the Sascoc website: "Natalie has done us proud over theyears," he said. "All South Africans can be proud of her spirit and her never-say-die attitude."

'A true inspiration'

"She is a true inspiration to each and every athlete in this country, indeed theworld, and we are hoping that she can build on this prestigious award as welook ahead to the 2012 Olympics and Paralympics in London.

"It's people like Natalie that provide the incentive for the youngsters to aspireto greatness, he continued. "She fully deserves this acknowledgement."

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8)QUADRIX/ DATAPREV/2010

According to the extract above, it is right to say that.

A)Natalie is the only one who has competed in the Olympics and Paralympics.B)The website president saidNatalie has made us proud over the years.C)Gideon Sam said that people like Natalie.D)Gideon Sam said that Natalie deserves the prize.E)Natalie du Toit was named after Laureus.

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9)QUADRIX/DATAPREV/2010

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Text 6

BRAZILThe largest Latin-American country, Brazil has an area of 8,5 millions of squarekilometers housing more than 175 million people. In 2003, Brazils GNP wasUS$ 493 billions, with a per capita revenue of US$ 2,789.00. Within theBrazilian economy, it is worth mentioning high-developed sectors such asagriculture and cattle breeding and a very complex industrial base. Besides,the country is the leader of Mercosul, an economic block joining Brazil,Argentina, Paraguay and Uruguay. Established in 1991, this block emerged asa free trade zone, but its major objective is to become a common market.

13-VLADIA/INDITA/2012Based on the meanings in the text,(A) ...housing... cannot be replaced by accomodating.(B) ...within... is the synonym inside.(C) ...revenue...and income are antonyms.(D) ...Besides... and next toare synonyms.(E) ...developed... and emergedexpress similar ideas.

Text 5This Company of Technology and Information from Social Security originatedfrom the centers of data processing of existing security institutes in the 70's.The Purpose of the company is to provide solutions on IT and communicationfor the implementation and improvement of social policies of the State, servingmainly to the National Social Security Institute.Fonte:(http://www.securities.com/Public/company-Profile/BR/Dataprev_en_2605577.html). Adapted.

14-VLADIA/INDITA/2012 The word data in text 1 refers to:

A)TimeB)Any documentsC)Chronological informationD)Figures and mapsE)Information stored in hardware

GABARITO SECOESAF/RFB/2009

ESAF/CGU/2008

Quadrix/Dataprev/2010

VLADIA/INDITAS2012

1- Letra C 5- Letra C 8- Letra D 10) CERTA2- Letra D 6- Letra A 9- Letra D 11) ERRADA3- Letra E 7- Letra B 12)Letra C

4- Letra D 13)Letra B14)Letra E

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Aula 24 - Ingles - Aula 00

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