Aܶm¶ Aܶm¶ - --- 4 44 4 ào‘M§Xào‘M§X ¶wJrZ...
Transcript of Aܶm¶ Aܶm¶ - --- 4 44 4 ào‘M§Xào‘M§X ¶wJrZ...
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Aܶm¶ Aܶm¶ Aܶm¶ Aܶm¶ ---- 4 4 4 4 ào‘M§Xào‘M§Xào‘M§Xào‘M§X ¶wJrZ ^maVr¶ g‘mO ‘| Zmar H$s pñW{V¶wJrZ ^maVr¶ g‘mO ‘| Zmar H$s pñW{V¶wJrZ ^maVr¶ g‘mO ‘| Zmar H$s pñW{V¶wJrZ ^maVr¶ g‘mO ‘| Zmar H$s pñW{V
ào‘M§X H$m ¶wJ {hÝXr Cnݶmg gm{h˶ H$m CËH$f© ¶wJ h¡ & ào‘M§X go nyd© {OVZo ^r
Cnݶmg {bIo JE Wo, CZ‘| Ho$db H$ënZm VÎd ¶m ‘Zmoa§OZ H$s A{YH$Vm Wr & g‘mO H$s
dmñV{dH$Vm ¶m gƒmB© H$m {OH«$ VH$ CZ‘| Zht hþAm Wm & O~{H$ ào‘M§X Ho$ Cnݶmg gm{h˶ ‘|
àdoe H$aVo hr {hÝXr Cnݶmg gm{h˶ H$ënZm H$s C‹S>mZ H$mo N>mo‹S>H$a ¶WmW© H$s y{‘ na Am
I‹S>m hþAm & ào‘M§X Zo AnZo ¶wJ Ho$ ~hþV go boIH$m| H$m nW àXe©Z ^r {H$¶m h¡ Am¡a Cnݶmg
gm{h˶ H$mo g‘mOmoÝ‘wIr ~Zm¶m & {hÝXr Cnݶmg gm{h˶ OJV ‘| ào‘M§X H$m nXmn©U EH$
{deof ‘hËdnyU© KQ>Zm ‘mZr OmVr h¡ & CZHo$ Cnݶmg gm{h˶ ‘| àdoe Ho$ gmW hr {hÝXr
Cnݶmg gm{h˶ H$s Ymam ~Xb gr JB© & ào‘M§X Cnݶmg H$mo ‘mZd OrdZ H$m {MÌ ‘mZVo Wo
AV… do Cnݶmgm| ‘| ‘mZd OrdZ Ho$ g§nyU© Ed§ ¶WmW© {MÌU H$aZo Ho$ hr nj ‘| Wo & ¶Ú{n
AmYw{ZH$ H$mb H$s ewéAmV ‘| ào‘M§X go nyd© ^maVoÝXw ¶wJ ‘| hr Am¡nݶm{gH$ {dYm H$m CX²^d
hmo MwH$m Wm, {H$ÝVw Cgo nyU© Ed§ ì¶dpñWV ê$n go {dH${gV H$aZo VWm gm‘m{OH$ OZ-OrdZ H$o
gmW Omo‹S>Zo H$m H$m¶© ¶{X {H$grZo {H$¶m h¡, Vmo dh ào‘M§X hr h¡ & VËH$mbrZ Cnݶmg gm{h˶
H$mo XoIVo h¢, Vmo ¶h ~mV AnZo Amn ñnï> hmo OmVr h¡ {H$ ‘mZdr¶ OrdZ H$mo CgH$s g‘J«Vm Ho$
gmW àñVwV H$aZo H$m lo¶ 20dt eVmãXr Ho$ CnݶmgH$mam| ‘| ImgH$a ào‘M§X H$mo hr àmßV hþAm
h¡ & A‘ra-Jar~, O‘tXma-{H$gmZ, ‘m{bH$-‘OXÿa, emofH$-emo{fV Am{X g~ N>moQ>o-~‹S>o dJ©
H$mo CZHo$ OrdZ H$s g‘J«Vm VWm CZH$s {d{^ÝZ g‘ñ¶mAm| Ho$ gmW CÝh| {M{ÌV H$aZm, CZHo$
gwI-Xþ…Im| H$s A{^ì¶{³V H$aZm, gab - gwÝXa Ed§ à^mdmoËnmXH$ T>§J go nmÌm| Ho$ AZwHy$b
g§dmXm| H$s ¶moOZm H$aZm Am{X g~ JwU g~go nhbo ào‘M§X Ho$ gm{h˶ ‘| hr {XImB© n‹S>Vo h¢ &
"ào‘M§X Zo AnZo Cnݶmgm| ‘| VËH$mbrZ ¶wJ H$mo dmUr àXmZ H$aZo H$m ‘hmZ H$m¶© {H$¶m h¡ &
X{bV-J{bV gm‘m{OH$ ê${‹T>>-ar{V¶m| Am¡a A§Y n§anamAm| Ho$ {déÕ {OhmX, A{YH$m§e ñÌr-
nwéfm| H$mo ‘mZd A{YH$ma {XbmZo Ho$ {bE ^r A˶§V Amdí¶H$ Wm & Bg {OhmX Ho$ H$maU
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ào‘M§X Ho$ Cnݶmgm| H$mo "‘mZd-A{YH$ma nÌ' (‘o½ZmH$mQ>m©) H$s g§km Xr Om gH$Vr h¡ & gYr hþB©
Vy{bH$m go ¶wJ H$s g‘ñ¶mAmo§ H$mo {demb ’$bH$ na àñVwV H$aZo Ho$ H$maU ¶o Cnݶmg Ohm±
20dr§ eVr Ho$ Ama§{^H$ dfm] H$m agàX B{Vhmg àñVwV H$aVo h¢, dhm± do ~‹S>o amoMH$, OrdÝV VWm
bmoH${ච^r hmo JE h¢ & Bggo ~‹T>H$a ¶o Jar~m| H$s JrVm h¢, gm‘mݶ ñÌr-nwéfm| Ho$ {bE Vmo
Y‘©-J«§W ê$n h¡ &'1111
ào‘M§X Zo AnZo gm{h˶ Ho$ ‘mܶ‘ go g‘J« Xoe Ho$ XrZ Xþ…{I¶m| Ho$ H$éU OrdZ H$s
‘m{‘©H$ doXZm H$mo g~Ho$ gm‘Zo àñVwV {H$¶m h¡ & dV©‘mZ g‘¶ H$mo ܶmZ ‘| aIVo hþE ¶h Adí¶
H$hm Om gH$Vm h¡ {H$ AmO Omo à‘wI Xmo {d‘e© -"X{bV {d‘e©' Am¡a "Zmar {d‘e©' AnZo Ma‘
{dH$mg na nhþ±Mo h¢, BZ XmoZm| {d‘em] H$s ewéAmV go nhbo hr ào‘M§X Zo AnZo Cnݶmgm| ‘| CÝh|
n¶m©ßV ñWmZ Xo {X¶m Wm & CZH$m A{Y³Va gm{h˶ CÝht Ho$ nj ‘| h¢ & AV… ¶o XmoZm| {d‘e©
^bo hr ào‘M§X Ho$ ~mX Ho$ hmo, bo{H$Z CZHo$ ~rO h‘ ào‘M§X gm{h˶ ‘| XoI gH$Vo h¢ & S>m°.
àVmn Zmam¶U Q>§S>Z Ho$ eãXm| ‘| H$ho Vmo - ""{hÝXr Cnݶmg H$mo Z¶m ‘mo‹S> XoZodmbo ào‘M§X Ho$db
AnZo ¶wJ Ho$ hr Zht ~pëH$ g§nyU© {hÝXr Cnݶmg Ho$ B{Vhmg ‘| gdm}ËH¥$ï> boIH$ h¡ & AmYw{ZH$
¶wJ ‘| {hÝXr Cnݶmg H$s Omo ZB© àd¥{Îm¶m± XrI n‹S>Vr h¢, AnZo ~rO ê$n ‘| do ào‘M§X Ho$
Cnݶmgm| ‘| ݶyZm{YH$ ‘mÌm ‘| {dÚ‘mZ h¢ & Bgr àH$ma ào‘M§X Ho$ Cnݶmgm| ‘| Omo g‘ñ¶mE±
CR>mB© J¶r h¢ do ì¶{³ÎmJV Am¡a nm[adm[aH$ Z hmoH$a g‘mOì¶mnr h¢ Am¡a gm‘m{OH$ g‘ñ¶mAm|
H$m ñne© H$aVr h¢& ào‘M§X Zo ^maVr¶ ZmJ[aH$ Ed§ J«m‘rU OrdZ Ho$ AZoH$ ‘hËdnyU© àíZm| Am¡a
CZHo$ {d{dY njm| na ‘mZdVmdmXr Ñ{ï>H$moU go {dMma {H$¶m h¡ & ¶hr H$maU h¡ {H$ CZH$s
H¥${V¶m± OZVm H$m gm{h˶ h¡ {OZ‘| ^maVr¶ gm‘m{OH$ OrdZ à{V{~på~V hmoVm h¡ &''2222
O¡gm {H$ Bg V϶ H$mo g~Zo {Z{d©dmX ê$n go ñdrH$ma H$a {b¶m h¡ {H$ gm{h˶ g‘mO
H$m Xn©U hmoVm h¡ Am¡a Bgr {bE à˶oH$ gm{h˶ na VV² ¶wJrZ gm‘m{OH$, amOZ¡{VH$, Ym{‘©H$
Am{X {d{dY n[apñW{V¶m| H$m à^md XoIm OmVm h¡ & ào‘M§X H$m Cnݶmg gm{h˶ ^r BgH$m
AndmX Zht h¡ & CÝhm|Zo AnZo ¶wJ H$mo XoIm-OmZm, naIm Am¡a CgHo$ AZwê$n hr gm{h˶ H$s
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aMZm H$s & S>m°. ajm nwar Ho$ eãXm| ‘| H$ho Vmo - ""Bg‘| H$moB© g§Xoh Zht {H$ gm{h˶H$ma H$s Ñ{ï>
XoeH$mb {Zanoj Zht hmoVr & dh EH$ gr‘m VH$ AnZo ¶wJ go ~±Ym hmoVm h¡ & gm{h˶H$ma {Og
¶wJ ‘| OrdZ ¶mnZ H$aVm h¡ CgH$s ì¶{³Îm Am¡a g‘mO {df¶H$ g‘ñ¶mAm| go CgH$m K{Zð>
g§~§Y ahVm h¡, gm{h˶H$ma CZgo Am±I Zht ‘§y±X gH$Vm & AV… CZHo$ gm{h˶ ‘| BZ g‘ñ¶mAm|
H$m à{V{~på~V hmo CR>Zm ñdm^m{dH$ h¡ & gm{h˶ ¶wJ {df¶ H$m à{V{~å~ hmoVm h¡, ¶h C{³V
ào‘M§X gm{h˶ ‘| Ajae… g˶ h¡ & ì¶{³Îm Am¡a g‘mO Ho$ {MÌU H$s Ñ{ï> go ào‘M§X gm{h˶
H$m C{MV ‘yë¶m§H$Z CZHo$ ¶wJ H$s n[apñW{V¶m| Ho$ g§X © ‘| hr {H$¶m Om gH$Vm h¡ &''3333 Am¡a
ào‘M§X Ho$ Cnݶmgm| ‘| 춳V Zmar g§doXZm Ho$ Aܶ¶Z Ho$ {bE ^r ào‘M§X ¶wJrZ ^maVr¶ g‘mO
Am¡a Cg‘| Zmar H$s pñW{V H$m Aܶ¶Z A{V Amdí¶H$ hmo OmVm h¡ &
ào‘M§X H$m ¶wJ 19dt eVmãXr H$m CÎmamY© Am¡a 20dt eVmãXr H$s ewéAmV Wm & Am¡a
¶h ¶wJ ^maV df© Ho$ B{Vhmg ‘| A{YH$ ‘hËdnyU© Wm ³¶m|{H$ Bg H$mb ‘| ^maV ‘| nwZéËWmZ H$m
Omoa A{YH$ Wm & gm‘m{OH$ Am¡a Ym{‘©H$ CWb-nwWb Bg ¶wJ ‘| A{YH$ {XImB© XoVr h¡ &
nmíMm˶ kmZ-{dkmZ Ed§ A§J«oOr {ejm Ho$ àMma-àgma Ho$ ’$b ñdê$n ‘ܶH$mbrZ O‹S>Vm ‘|
~hþV Hw$N> AmKmV nhþ±Mm & ~hþV go {dMmaH$m| Zo Z¶o {gao go gmoMZo H$s ewéAmV H$s & {OgHo$
n[aUm‘ ñdê$n ‘ܶH$mbrZ ^maV AmYwZ{H$ ~ZZo bJm & S>m°. gamoO àgmX Ho$ eãXm| ‘| H$ho Vmo
- ""ào‘M§X Zo {Og g‘¶ gm{h˶ aMZm Ama§^ H$s, Cg g‘¶ ~rgdt eVmãXr H$s Aé{U‘m ’y$Q>
MwH$s Wr, h‘mam amï´>r¶ OmJaU KwQ>Zm| Ho$ ~b a|JVm hþAm H«$mpÝV H$s Xohar na nhþ±M MwH$m Wm,
g§nyU© dmVmdaU {djwãY hmo CR>m Wm, Am§XmobZm| H$s {~O{b¶m± H$m¢Y ahr Wr Am¡a Eogm ‘mby‘
n‹S>Zo bJm Wm {H$ O¡go ¶wJm| H$s gwfw{ßV Ho$ níMmV h‘mam amï´> VZ H$a gÝZÕ hmoZo Ho$ {bE H$‘a
H$g ahm hmo & Bg g‘¶ amï´> Ho$ g^r Ad¶dm| ‘| AZOmZo EH$ H$gmdQ> bmZo H$s H$mo{ee Mb
n‹S>r Wr, bJ^J g^r joÌm| ‘| N>moQ>r-~‹S>r à{V^mAm| Ho$ AJ{UV ~~ybo ~~b CRo Wo Am¡a amï´> H$s
à˶oH$ {eam VZH$a C‘‹S> J¶r Wr & gm‘m{OH$ OrdZ Ho$ B{Vhmg ‘| EH$ Eogm {dab g§¶moJ
AZm¶mg CnpñWV hmo J¶m Wm O~{H$ ‘hmZ à{V^mE± àñ’w${Q>V hmoH$a ghO hr ¶wJ-OrdZ Am¡a
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C‘‹S>Vo hþE ¶wJ-g˶ Ho$ gmW VmXmËå¶ ñWm{nV H$aHo$ OrdZ H$s dmñV{dH$Vm Ho$ ‘‘©ñWb VH$
nhþ±M OmZo Am¡a Cgo H$bmË‘H$ A{^ì¶{³V XoZo Ho$ {bE ~¡MoZ hmo CR>r Wt &''4444
19dt-20dt eVmãXr ‘| ^maVr¶ {hÝXy g‘mO ‘| AZoH$ Hw$-àWmE± ‘m¡OyX Wt O¡go -
~mb {ddmh, gVr-àWm, {dYdm-{ddmh {ZfoY, nwZ… {ddmh {ZfoY, Añn¥í¶Vm, Om{V-nm±{V Ho
~ÝYZ Am{X & BZ g~ XÿfUm| H$mo Xÿa H$aZo Ho$ {bE Am¶© g‘mO, ~«÷ g‘mO, {W¶mogmo{’$H$b
gmogm¶Q>r Am{X AZoH$ ñd¡pÀN>H$ g§ñWmAm| Zo ~hþV ~‹S>m ¶moJXmZ {X¶m & BZ g~Ho$ Abmdm
VËH$mbrZ gm{h˶H$mam| Zo ^r BZ {df¶m| na AnZr H$b‘ Mbm¶r & Bg ¶wJ Ho$ ~hþV go g‘mO
gwYmaH$m| Zo {d{dK gm‘m{OH$ g‘ñ¶mAm| H$mo ܶmZ ‘| aIVo hþE g‘mO ‘| Zd OmJaU Ed§ ZdrZ
{dMmam| H$m àMma-àgma H$aZo H$m ‘hÎdnyU© H$m¶© {H$¶m Wm & BZ g‘mO gwYmaH$m| H$m ‘w»¶V…
ܶmZ Zmar H$s X¶Zr¶ pñW{V na hr A{YH$ Ho$pÝÐV ahm VWm Cgr H$mo Ho$ÝÐ ‘| aIH$a hr
gwYmam{X Ho$ H$m¶©H«$‘m| H$m Am¶moOZ ^r {H$¶m OmVm Wm & {R>H$ ¶hr pñW{V ào‘M§X ¶wJrZ
CnݶmgH$mam| H$s ^r ahr & g{X¶m| go Xþ…I d nr‹S>m ^moJVr Am ahr Zmar OrdZ Ho$ {d{dY
nhbwAm| H$mo CÝhm|Zo AnZo Cnݶmgm| H$m {df¶ ~Zm¶m Am¡a CZH$s g‘ñ¶mAm| H$m {dfX {ddoMZ
H$aHo$ AnZr Amoa go Hw$N> g‘mYmZ ^r àñVwV {H$E & "ào‘M§X ¶wJ ‘| Cnݶmgm| H$s gm‘m{OH$
{MÝVm H$m EH$ EH$ ~hþV ~‹S>m ^mJ Zmar OrdZ H$s {df‘VmAm| Am¡a CgHo$ {d{^ÝZ à{V~ÝYm| go
g§~§{YV h¡ & {dYdm, XmohmOy-{ddmh, XhoO-àWm, doí¶m-ì¶dgm¶, ~mb-{ddmh Am{X Bg
H$mb H$s à‘wI g‘ñ¶mE± h¢, {OZgo {hÝXr Cnݶmg àma§^ go hr n[a{MV h¡ & na§Vw ào‘M§X Ûmam
BZ g‘ñ¶mAm| H$mo {dñV¥V VWm J§^ra {MÝVZ y{‘ {‘br & ào‘M§XOr Ho$ {MÌU amo‘m§g ‘ybH$ Z
hmoH$a dñVw{Zð> Am¡a Anojm H¥$V ì¶mnH$ Wo & BZ g^r {df¶m| na ào‘M§X Am¡a CZHo$ g‘gm‘{¶H$
CnݶmgH$mam| Zo ì¶mnH$ VWm ‘mZdr¶ Ñ{ï> go {dMma {H$¶m &'5555$
ào‘M§X ¶wJrZ gm‘m{OH$ Am§XmobZm| ‘| g~go Á¶mXm Zmar H$s X¶Zr¶ pñW{V H$mo gwYmaZo
na A{YH$ ~b {X¶m J¶m Wm, ³¶m|{H$ Cg g‘¶ Zmar H$s pñW{V A˶§V nr‹S>mOZH$ Wr & CgH$m
ñWmZ A~ VH$ Xmo¶‘ XO} H$m hr Wm & emXr-ã¶mh ¶m Ka Ho$ Aݶ {H$gr ^r ‘m‘bm| ‘| CgH$s
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BÀN>m-A{ZÀN>m Am{X H$moB© ‘m¶Zo Zht aIVr Wr & ¶hm± VH$ {H$ IwX EH$ Zmar ^r Xÿgar Zmar H$s
nr‹S>m H$mo {R>H$ go g‘P Zht nmVr Wr & g‘mO ‘| ì¶mßV Zmar H$s Eogr X¶Zr¶ Xem H$m
dmñV{dH$ {MÌU ào‘M§X ¶wJrZ CnݶmgH$mam| Zo ^br-^m±{V {H$¶m h¡ & ñd¶§ ào‘M§X Zo
"godmgXZ', "{Z‘©bm', "à{Vkm', "J~Z', "H$‘© y{‘', "JmoXmZ' Am{X Cnݶmgm| ‘| Zmar H$s
X¶Zr¶ Xem H$m ¶WmW© {MÌm§H$Z H$aHo$ CZHo$ à{V ghmZw y{V Xem©¶r h¡ &
d¡go AmYw{ZH$ H$mb ‘| hr ào‘M§X Ho$ OÝ‘ go nyd© 19 dt eVmãXr H$s ewéAmV go hr
g‘mO ‘| gwYmadmXr H$m¶©H«$‘m| H$s ewéAmV hmo MwH$s Wr, {OgHo$ A§VJ©V gm‘m{OH$ Ed§ Ym{‘©H$
gwYma H$s à{H«$¶m hr à‘wI ahr & H$ht Z H$ht BZ Am§XmobZm| H$m à^md g‘mO ‘| Zmar H$s
pñW{V H$mo gwYmaZo ‘| Adí¶ XoIm J¶m h¡&
19dt eVmãXr ‘| O~ {ejm H$m ì¶mn A{YH$ Zht Wm, V~ ^maVr¶ OZVm ‘| ~‹S>r
Hw$ar{V¶m± Ed§ Hw$àWmE± ‘m¡OyX Wr & Am¡a BgH$m Xþîn[aUm‘ wJVZm n‹S>Vm Wm ~oMmar Am¡aV OmV
H$mo & BZ àWmAm| ‘| g~go ~‹S>r EH$ àWm Wr "gVràWm' & ¶h àWm EH$ b§~o Aago go nyao ^maV
‘| àM{bV Wr & {OgHo$ VhV EH$ {dYdm ñÌr H$mo, {OgH$m n{V ‘a MwH$m h¡, Cgo n{V Ho$ ~J¡a
AHo$bo OrZo H$m H$moB© A{YH$ma àmßV Zht Wm & nhbo go hr ñÌr Ho$ ApñVËd H$mo nwéf Ho$
ApñVËd Ho$ gmW Omo‹S>H$a XoIm OmVm Wm & AV… O¡go hr nwéf H$m ApñVËd IË‘ hþAm, g‘Pmo
CgrHo$ gmW ñÌr H$m (CgH$s nËZr H$m) ApñVËd ^r IË‘ hmo J¶m & Cgo AnZo n{V H$s {MVm ‘|
O~aZ ~¡R>mH$a {OÝXm Obm {X¶m OmVm Wm & "{ddoÀ¶H$mb VH$ Zmar AnZo g^r A{YH$mam| go
d§{MV hmo J¶r Am¡a Bggo CgH$s BÀN>m-A{ZÀN>m Ho$ {df¶ ‘| {Okmgm H$m àíZ hr Zht ah
J¶m & nwéfm| H$mo, em¶X Bg ~mV H$m ^amogm Zht ahm {H$ {dYdmE± n{dÌ OrdZ ì¶VrV H$a
gH$Vr h¢ & ^maV ‘| g§¶w³V n[adma H$s g§ñWm Ho$ AmJo {dYdmE± H$B© àH$ma H$s g‘ñ¶mE± boH$a
I‹S>r Wt & EH$ àíZ Vmo CZHo$ JwOmao H$m Wm & n{V H$s ‘¥Ë¶w Ho$ ~mX {dYdmAm| Ho$ gm‘Zo dh
AmYma Zht ah OmVm Wm {OgHo$ ~b na CZH$s amoQ>r H$m à~ÝY hmo gHo$ & Bg àH$ma do g§¶w³V
n[adma Ho$ Aݶ gXñ¶m| Ho$ D$na AnZo JwOmao Ho$ {bE {Z ©a hmoH$a ~moP ~Z OmVr Wr & Eogr Zmar
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n[adma H$s Am¶ ~‹T>mZo ‘| {H$gr àH$ma ghm¶H$ Zht Wr & AñVw, n[adma Cggo ¶Wmg§^d erK«
‘w³V hmoZm MmhVm Wm & n{V-{d¶moJ ‘| Omo Zmmar ñdoÀN>m go ‘¥Ë¶w H$m daU H$a| CgHo$ {bE Bg
gm‘m{OH$ gw{dYm Ho$ {déÕ Hw$N> H$hZo Ho$ {bE ah Zht OmVm & bo{H$Z Xþ…IX ~mV Vmo ¶h Wr
{H$ bmoJ {dYdmAm| H$mo O~X©ñVr A˶§V H«y$aVm Ho$ gmW CgHo$ n{V H$s bme Ho gmW Obm S>mbVo
Wo &'6666
{hÝXÿ {ñ̶m| go gå~pÝKV CZH$s Xÿgar à‘wI g‘ñ¶m ¶h Wr {H$ EH$ ~ma Omo Am¡aV
{dYdm hmo OmVr Wt, dmo nwZ… {ddmh Zht H$a gH$Vr Wr & hmbm±{H$ nwéfm| Ho$ {bE Eogm H$moB©
~§YZ Zht ‘mZm J¶m Wm & CZHo$ {bE Vmo O¡go gmao ~§YZmo go ‘w{³V hr Wr & dh Z Ho$db nËZr
Ho$ ‘aZo Ho$ ~mX nwZ… {ddmh H$a gH$Vm Wm, ~pëH$ EH$ nËZr Ho$ Or{dV ahVo ^r EH$m{YH$
{ddmh H$a gH$Vm Wm & "¶{X nwZ{d©dmh H$s gw{dYm {hÝXy {dYdm H$mo àmßV ahVr Vmo do AnZo H$mo,
AnZo n[adma Ho$ AZmMma Am¡a A˶mMma go Amdí¶H$VmZwgma ~Mm gH$Vr Wr & {H$ÝVw {hÝXÿ
g‘mO Cg Vah H$s H$moB© gwd{Ym Zmar¶m| H$mo XoZo H$m njnmVr Zht Wm & nmíMm˶ {ejm Ho$ àgma
Am¡a Z¶o {dMmam| H$s à{Vð>m Zo Bg àíZ na ^r J§^raVm Ho$ gmW gmoMZo H$s àoaUm Xr & {hÝXÿ
g‘mO H$s {d{MÌVm ¶h Wr {H$ nwéf MmhVm Vmo g¢H$‹S>mo {ddmh H$a gH$Vm Wm & ~§Jmb Ho$ Hw$brZ
~«m÷Um| Ho$ Kam| ‘| ~hþ {ddmh H$aZo H$m amoJ O¡gm Wm & EH$-EH$ H$s nMmg-nMmg npËZ¶m± hmoVr
Wt & CZ nMmgm| ‘| Hw$N> Vmo Eogr ^r Wr {OZHo$ OrdZ ‘| gm¡^m½¶gy¶© H$^r C{XV hr Zht hmo nmVm
Wm &'7777
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hmoZ H$s {Xem ‘| EH$ ~‹S>r ~mYm {gÕ hmo ahr Wr & Bg{bE ^r Zm[a¶m| Zo nX} H$s Jwbm‘r H$mo
Z‘ñH$ma {H$¶m &'18181818
19dt eVmãXr Ho$ CÎmamY© go ^maV ‘| Zmar {ejm Ho$ {bE Z¶o Ûma Iwbo & VËH$mbrZ
amOZ¡{VH$ Am§XmobZm| H$m Bg na Iw~ à^md n‹S>m & A§J«oOmo Ho$ AmJ‘Z go nyd© ^maVr¶ {ó¶m| H$mo
nwéf Ho$ ~am~a n‹T>>Zo-{bIZo H$m A{YH$ma Zht Wm & Á¶mXm go Á¶mXm Cgo Kaoby {ejm hr Xr
OmVr Wr & CgH$s H$moB© ñdV§Ì Apñ‘Vm ¶m nhMmZ Zht Wr & {ó¶m| H$mo Z n‹T>mZo Ho$ nrN>o
Á¶mXmVa CZHo$ Kadmbm| H$s ñdmWu ‘Zmod¥{Îm ¶m ImoIbr ‘mZ{gH$Vm hr {Oå‘oXma Wr & bo{H$Z
A~ Yrao-Yrao Cƒ VWm Hw$brZ Kam| H$s Am¡aVo n‹T>Zo-{bIZo bJr Wr & VËH$mbrZ ñÌr-{ejm
Ho$ gå~ÝY ‘| S>m°. e¡b añVmoJr Zo {bIm h¡ - "~rgdt eVmãXr Ho$ à˶yf H$mb go Xoe A§J«oOr
{ejm H$s Amoa AmH${f©V hþAm & A{YH$m§e ^maVr¶ {ejm {damoYr {dMmam| H$mo N>mo‹S>H$a ZdrZ
{ejm H$s Amoa PwHo$ {H$ÝVw AnZr nwamZr na§namAm| H$mo N>mo‹S>Zo ‘| ^maVr¶ g‘mO V{ZH$ AZwXma
ahm h¡ & ñÌr {ejm Ho$ gå~ÝY ‘| ^maVr¶ bmoJm| Ho$ {dMma nj ‘| Zht Wo & {d{b¶‘ AmS>‘ Zo
VËH$mbrZ {ejm nÕ{V H$s [anmoQ>© ‘| {bIm h¡ {H$ {ó¶m| H$mo n‹T>mZm CZHo$ {dYdm hmoZo H$s
^{dî¶dmUr g‘Pr OmVr Wr, VWm bmoJm| H$s YmaUm Wr {H$ {ó¶m| H$m H$nQ>r ñd^md {b{n-kmZ
go d¥{Õ nm¶oJm & gd© àW‘ bmS>© [anZ Ho$ g‘¶ ‘| (1882) {ejm H${‘eZ Zo gbmh Xr {H$
ór-{ejm H$mo {deof àmoËgmhZ {‘bZm Mm{hE & ~rgdt eVmãXr H$s amï´>r¶ OmJ¥{V {ó¶m| H$mo Ka
Ho$ g§Hw${MV joÌ go {ZH$mb H$a ~mha bmB© & ’$bV… ór-{ejm H$m {deof àMma hþAm & {ejm
àmßV H$aHo$ {ó¶mo§ ‘| EH$ ZdrZ Aä¶wX¶ hþAm & CÝhm|Zo ZdrZ Ñ{ï>H$moU boH$a OrdZ ‘| àdoe
122
H$aZm àma§^ {H$¶m & {ddmh hr CZHo$ OrdZ H$m Ma‘ bú¶ Z ah J¶m & A~ do {d{dY
ì¶dgm¶m| - S>m°³Q>ar, dH$mbV, AܶmnZ Am{X H$mo AnZmZo bJr & gmd©O{ZH$ H$m¶©joÌ ‘| ^r do
CËgmh Ho$ gmW AmB© &'19191919
Bg àH$ma {ejm Ho$ àMma-àgma go Zmar ‘| AmË‘{dídmg Ed§ AmË‘ Jm¡ad H$s ^mdZm
n¡Xm hmoZo bJr& A~ Zmar Zo AnZo D$na hmo aho emofU Ed§ A˶mMmam| Ho$ {Ibm’$ AmdmO CR>mZo
Ho$ {bE AnZr H$‘a H$g br& {ejm Ho$ H$maU Zmar Ho$ g~b Ed§ gj‘ ~ZZo H$s ewéAmV hmoZo
bJr & A~ dh Ka H$s Mma Xrdmar go ~mha H$s Xþ{Z¶m H$mo XoIZm MmhVr Wr & Yrao-Yrao AnZo
n¡am| na I‹S>m hmoZm MmhVr Wr VWm nwéf go H§$Ym [‘bmH$a H$m‘ H$aZm MmhVr Wr & S>m°. aoIm
Hw$bH$Uu Zo Vmo {ejm Ho$ àMma-àgma go Zmar H$s pñW{V ‘| Am¶o n[adV©Z H$mo Xem©Vo hþE {bIm
h¡ - "EH$ Zmar H$mo {e{jV ~ZmZo H$m ‘Vb~ h¡ nyao n[adma H$mo {e{jV ~ZmZm & g‘mO gwYmaH$mo
Zo ¶h ñdrH$ma {H$¶m Am¡a Zmar {ejm Ho$ àgma H$m¶© H$mo {deof ê$n go AnZm¶m & {ejm àm{ßV
Ho$ ’$b ñdê$n Zmar H$mo "AmË‘ ~moY' hmo J¶m & CgH$s Apñ‘Vm OmJ«V hmo JB© & Cg‘| AmË‘
Jm¡ad Ed§ ñdm{^‘mZ H$s ^mdZm OJ JB© & n[adma VWm g‘mO ‘| hmoZo dmbo AnZo ñWmZ H$mo dh
g‘PZo bJr & CgZo g‘mO go AnZo A{YH$mam| H$s ‘m±J H$s & BgHo$ {bE {dÐmoh H$aZo Ho$ {bE
^r dh H${Q>~Õ hmo JB© & AnZo D$na hmoZo dmbo Aݶm¶ Ed§ A˶mMma H$m {damoY dh S>Q>H$a
H$aZo bJr & A~ dh AnZo ñdV§Ì ì¶{³VËd H$m {Z‘m©U H$aZm MmhVr Wr & n[adma VWm g‘mO
‘| AnZm AbJ ñWmZ ñWm{nV H$aZm MmhVr Wr & Ho$db nwéfm| Ho$ hmWm| H$s H$R>nwVbr ~ZZm Cgo
(A~) ñdrH$ma Zht Wm &'20202020
Bg àH$ma ào‘M§X ¶wJ H$s Zmar VWm ào‘M§X nyd© ¶wJ H$s Zmar H$s pñW{V EH$X‘ {^ÝZ
Wr & ào‘M§X nyd© ¶wJ ‘| Zmar H$mo g‘mO Ho$ EH$ A{^ÝZ A§J Ho$ ê$n ‘| Zht XoIm OmVm Wm &
g‘mO ‘| {OVZr ‘hÎmm nwéfm| H$mo Xr OmVr Wr CVZr {ó¶m| H$mo Zht Xr OmVr Wr & Cgo nwéf H$s
AYmª{JZr ¶m ghMar Ho$ ~Xbo nwéf H$s AZwJm‘r Ho$ ê$n ‘| hr XoIm OmVm Wm & dh nwéf H$s
Xmgr ¶m Jwbm‘ hr A{YH$ Wr & Cgo nwéf Ho$ hmWm| {H$¶o J¶o Vah-Vah Ho$ A˶mMmam| H$mo ghH$a
O~mZ hmoVo hþE ^r ~oOw~mZ ~ZH$a ahZm n‹S>Vm Wm & dh Ho$db ^mo½¶m ¶m ‘Zmoa§OZ H$m gmYZ
123
‘mÌ ~ZH$a hr CnpñWV hmoVr ahr & Á¶mXm go Á¶mXm CgH$m AmXem©Ë‘H$ ê$n hr àñVwV hmoVm
ahm & CgHo$ ì¶{³VJV Xþ…I-XX© CgH$s nr‹S>m Am{X H$s Amoa {H$gr H$m ܶmZ Zht J¶m &
Zmar H$s Bg X¶Zr¶ Xem Ho$ nrN>o ¶{X H$moB© H$maU {Oå‘oXma Wm, Vmo dh Wm - ^maVr¶
g‘mO ‘| ì¶mßV {nV¥gÎmmË‘H$ ì¶dñWm & ^maVr¶ g‘mO H$s g~go ~‹S>r {d{MÌVm ¶h ahr h¡ {H$
EH$ Amoa Vmo dh Zmar H$mo "¶Ì Zm¶©ñVw nyÁ¶ÝVo a‘§Vo VÌ XodVm…' H$hH$a Cgo OJV-OZZr, Xodr,
bú‘r, ‘mVm, gañdVr Am{X AZoH$ ê$nm| ‘| CgH$s d§XZm H$s h¡, CnmgZm H$s h¡, Vmo Xÿgar Va’$
Cgr Zmar H$mo nr{‹S>V, àVm{‹S>V H$aZo ‘| CgZo H$moB© H$ga Zht N>mo‹S>r h¡ & àmMrZ H$mb go Zmar H$mo
EH$ Cno{jVm H$s Ñ{ï> go hr XoIm J¶m h¡ & g‘mO ‘| CgH$m ñWmZ {ZOud nXmWm} gm ¶m Xmo¶‘
XO}o H$m hr Wm & CgH$m AnZm H$moB© ñdV§Ì ApñVËd hr Zht ah J¶m Wm & EH$ H«$¶-{dH«$¶ H$s
dñVw Ho$ g‘mZ hr CgH$m ‘yë¶ Am±H$m OmVm Wm & Ka-n[adma Ed§ g‘mO ‘| nhbo go hr Zmar H$m
ñWmZ h‘oem go ZrMm hr ahm h¡ & gmao ar{V-ardmO Ed§ Ym{‘©H$ g§ñH$ma Am{X ‘| ^r Cgo C{MV
XaOm Zht {‘bm & ‘m±-~mn H$mo {OVZr Iwer ~oQ>o Ho$ OÝ‘ go hmoVr h¡, CVZr Iwer ~oQ>r Ho$ OÝ‘
go H$^r Zht hmoVr & OÝ‘ go boH$a ‘¥Ë¶w VH$ Cgo H$B© àH$ma H$s ‘w{g~Vm| H$m gm‘Zm H$aZm n‹S>Vm
Wm & ‘mZmo CgH$m OÝ‘ hr ¶mVZmAm| H$mo ^moJZo Ho$ {bE hþAm hmo & nhbo Vmo Ka ‘| ~oQ>r H$m OÝ‘
hmoZm hr ~‹S>m Aew^ ‘mZm OmVm Wm & OÝ‘ Ho$ gmW hr Cgo ~‹S>o go ~aVZ ‘| XÿY ^aH$a Cg‘|
S>mb H$a ‘ma {X¶m OmVm Wm & Omo bmoJ ~o{Q>¶m| H$mo {OÝXm aIVo Wo CÝh| CgHo$ OÝ‘ Ho$ gmW hr
CgH$s emXr H$s {MÝVm gVm¶o aIVr Wr & n[aUm‘ ñdê$n do bmoJ nhbo go hr CgHo$ {bE XhoO
BH$Ç>m H$aZo ‘| bJ OmVo Wo Am¡a ~‹S>r hr N>moQ>r gr C‘« ‘| CgH$s emXr H$am XoVo Wo; {Og d³V
Cgo "emXr' eãX H$m ‘Vb~ ^r ‘mby‘ Zht hmoVm Wm & {Og Ka ‘| ~oQ>r g¶mZr hmo Am¡a O~ VH$
CgH$s emXr H$ht n³H$s Zht hmo OmVr V~ VH$ Cg b‹S>H$s Ho$ ‘mVm-{nVm amV H$mo M¡Z H$s ZtX
VH$ Zht gmo nmVo Wo & D$na go g‘mO Ho$ Am‘ ‘X© H$ho OmZo dmbo Hw$N> bmoJ CgH$s Va’$ H$m‘wH$
¶m dmgZmË‘H$ Ñ{ï> go XoIVo ahVo Wo & ~hþV go ‘mVm-{nVm Vmo AnZr ~oQ>r H$mo AnZo {ga H$m
~moP ‘mÌ ‘mZVo Wo; n[aUm‘ ñdê$n do Bg ~moP go OëX go OëX ‘w³V hmoZo Ho$ M³H$a ‘| CgH$m
{ddmh {H$gr ^r Hw$nmÌ Ho$ gmW H$a XoVo Wo &
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Bg {nV¥gÎmmË‘H$ ì¶dñWm Ho$ MbVo g‘mO ‘| nwéf àYmZ Am¡a Zmar Jm¡U hr ah J¶r
Wr & 19dt eVmãXr ‘| hmo ahr Zmar H$s XþXem© H$m dU©Z H$aVo hþE S>m°. a‘oe {Vdmar {bIVo h¢ -
"CÝZrgdt eVmãXr H$s ^maVr¶ Zmar AZoH$mZoH$ g‘ñ¶mAm| go OH$‹S>r hþB© Wr & EH$ Va’$ nwéfm|
H$mo Vmo AZoH$ gm‘m{OH$ gw{dYmE± àmßV Wr; Xÿgar Va’$ Zmar nwéf Ho$ hmWm| H$s H$R>nwVbr ~Zr
hþB© Wr & àmMrZ Y‘©emñÌm| ‘| ^r CgHo$ {bE H$‘ à{V~§Y Zht Wo & Cgo {H$gr ^r C‘« ‘| ñdV§Ì
aIZo H$s ñdrH¥${V emñÌm| Zo Zht Xr Wr & CgHo$ {bE ‘Zw Zo H$hm h¡ {H$ ~MnZ ‘| ‘mVm-{nVm Ho$
AmYrZ, OdmZr ‘| n{V Ho$ AmYrZ VWm ~w‹T>mno ‘| b‹S>Ho$ Ho$ AmYrZ Cgo ahZm h¡ & ’$bV… Zmar
H$m OrdZ EH$ A{^emn ~Z J¶m Wm & g‘mO VWm n[adma ‘| Zmar H$mo nwéf H$s VwbZm ‘| ho¶
g‘Pm J¶m & b‹S>Ho$ H$s n¡XmBe na Ohm± ‘m±-~mn AnZr àgÝZVm H$mo amoH$ Zht nmVo Wo, dht
b‹S>H$s Ho$ n¡Xm hmoVo hr CZ‘| hm¶-Vmo~m ‘M OmVr Wr & n[adma ‘| b‹S>H$mo H$s VwbZm ‘| b‹S>{H$¶m|
H$mo ~hþV H$‘ bm‹S>-߶ma {‘bVm Wm & ’$bV… Cg‘o ~MnZ go hr hrZVm J«§{W CËnÝZ hmo OmVr
Wr, {OgH$m {eH$ma dh OrdZ^a ~Zr ahVr Wr VWm g‘mO Ho$ g^r Vah Ho$ A˶mMmam| H$mo
MwnMmn ghVr ahVr Wr &'21212121
nhbo Am¡aV nwéf Ho$ n¡am| H$s OyVr ‘mÌ g‘Pr OmVr Wr & Cgo eyÐ Ho$ g‘mZ hr ‘mZm
J¶m Wm & Cgo Ka H$s Mma Xrdmam| ‘| ~§X H$a {X¶m J¶m Am¡a H$^r ~mha H$m gyaO Z XoIZo nm¶o
Bg{bE gmao Ka H$s {Oå‘oXm[a¶m± Cgo gm¢nH$a Ka H$s Hy±$Or CgHo$ hmW ‘| nH$‹S>m Xr Am¡a Cgo
"Kadmbr' H$m XaOm Xo {X¶m & Cgo Ka Ho$ H$m‘m| ‘| BVZm CbPm {X¶m {H$ dh Cgr H$mo gwbPmZo
‘| AnZr gmar C‘« bJm XoVr Wr Am¡a AnZo D$na hmo aho A˶mMmam| Ho$ {Ibm’$ CgH$m ܶmZ VH$
Zht OmVm Wm & dh A~ VH$ Omo Hw$N> gh ahr h¡ CgHo$ {bE dh AnZo Amn H$mo hr, AnZo
ñÌrnZ H$mo hr Xmofr ‘mZVr Wr Am¡a Cgo AnZm Zgr~ ‘mZH$a MwnMmn nwéf Ûmam {H$¶o J¶o
A˶mMmam| H$mo ghVr OmVr Wr & dh BVZr namYrZ hmoVr Wr {H$ CgH$m IwX H$m H$moB© Ka ^r Zht
H$hbmVm Wm & EH$ Ka {nVm H$m hmoVm Wm Vmo Xygam n{V H$m Ka H$hbmVm Wm & AV… H$^r H$^ma
n{V Ûmam ˶mJ {X¶o OmZo na CgHo$ ‘m¶Ho$ dmbo ¶h H$hH$a CgH$m ñdrH$ma Zht H$aVo Wo {H$
emXr Ho$ ~mX n{V H$m Ka hr CgH$m Agbr Ka hmoVm h¡ Am¡a ‘m¶Ho$ go CgHo$ gmao [aíVo-ZmVo Qy>Q>
125
OmVo h¡ & O~{H$ CgH$m n{V Cgo ¶h H$hVm h¡ {H$ ¶h Vmo ‘oam AnZm Ka h¡, ¶hm± Voam H$moB© ñWmZ
Zht h¡ & n[aUm‘ ñdê$n Eogr {df‘ n[apñW{V ‘| OrdZ go ÌñV hmoH$a dh ¶m Vmo doí¶m ~ZZo na
‘O~ya hmo OmVr h¡ ¶m {’$a AmË‘h˶m O¡go ‘mJ© H$mo ^r MwZ boVr h¡ &
nwéf dJ© Ûmam Zmar Ho$ D$na BVZo A˶mMma hþE {H$ CgH$s ñdV§Ì Apñ‘Vm hr Imo gr
JB© & O~ H$^r ^r Am¡aV H$s Apñ‘Vm H$m gdmb Am¶m, V~ Cgo nwéf Ho$ gmW Omo‹S>H$a hr XoIm
J¶m & Zmar H$m {d{dY H$mo{Q>¶m| ‘| {H$¶m J¶m {d^mOZ O¡go {H$ - n{Vd«Vm, Hw$bQ>m, doí¶m Am{X
^r nwéf H$s gmnojVm ‘| hr {H$¶m J¶m h¡ & Omo Am¡aV {g’©$ AnZo n{V H$mo hr ào‘ H$ao Am¡a Aݶ
{H$gr ^r nwéf H$s Va’$ Am±I CR>mH$a ^r Z XoI|, dh n{Vd«Vm H$hbmVr h¡ & Omo Am¡aV AnZo
n{V Ho$ à{V B©‘mZXma Z hmoH$a AnZo ào‘r Ho$ à{V B©‘mZXma hmo dh Hw$bQ>m H$hbmVr h¡ VWm Omo
{H$gr Ho$ ^r à{V B©‘mZXma Z hmo, Ho$db n¡gm| Ho$ {bE AnZo eara H$mo ~oMVr hmo, dh doí¶m
H$hbmVr h¡ & ñdH$s¶m-naH$s¶m Am{X oX ^r Zm¶H$ (nwéf) H$mo Ho$ÝÐ ‘| aIH$a hr {H$¶o JE
h¢ &
gm{h˶ OJV ‘| ^r Zmar H$s pñW{V AÀN>r Zht Wr & Am{XH$mb hmo, ^{³VH$mb hmo ¶m
ar{VH$mb àm¶… Zmar Ho$ Omo {MÌ C^aH$a gm‘Zo AmVo h¢, Cggo ¶h ñnï> hmoVm h¡ {H$ Cg g‘¶
dh EH$ ^mo½¶m ¶m ‘Zmoa§OZ H$m gmYZ ‘mÌ ~ZH$a ah J¶r Wr & Am{XH$mb ‘| àm¶… {OVZo ^r
amgmo J«§Wm| H$m {Z‘m©U hþAm, {OgH$m ‘w»¶ CÔoí¶ VËH$mbrZ amOmAm| H$s draVm, CZHo$ gmhg,
namH«$‘ H$mo Xem©Zm hr Wm, {H$ÝVw Eoogo ¶wÕm| Ho$ ‘yb ‘| {H$gr Z {H$gr Zmar H$s n[aH$ënZm Adí¶
‘m¡OyX hmoVr Wr & Xa~mar H${d ^r AnZo Aml¶XmVm amOmAm| H$mo Iwe H$aZo Ho$ {bE CZH$s BÀN>m
Ho$ AZwê$n l¥§Jm[aH$ aMZmE± H$aVo Wo, {Og‘| Zmar Ho$ Xoh ¶m CgHo$ A§J-Cnm§Jm| H$m dU©Z hr
A{YH$ ahVm Wm & ar{VH$mb ‘| Vmo O¡go Zmar Ho$ l¥§Jm[aH$ dU©Zm| H$s ^a‘ma hr h¡ & àm¶… BZ
H${d¶m| H$m ܶmZ Zmar H$s Apñ‘Vm ¶m CgHo$ Xþ…I XXm] H$s Amoa ‘w‹S>H$a ^r Zht J¶m &
^{³VH$mb ‘| ^r H$~ra O¡go ~‹S>o ~‹S>o g§V-kmZr EH$ Va’$ Vmo ¶h H$hVo h¢ {H$ doX ~‹S>m Am¡a
Hw$amZ N>moQ>m h¡, Eogm oX H$aZm {OVZm ~‹S>m nmn h¡ CVZm hr ~‹S>m nmn ñÌr Am¡a nwéf H$m oX
H$aZm h¡ -
126
""Eogm oX {~JwM{Z ^mar &
~oX H$Vo~ XrZ Aé Xþ{Z¶m§,
H$m¡Z nw[af H$m¡Z Zmar &&''22222222
Vmo Xÿgar Va’$ do hr H$~ra Zmar H$mo ‘m¶m, R>{JZr VWm ZH©$ H$m Hw§$‹S> H$hH$a g§~mo{YV
H$aVo h¢ -
""H$~ra Zmar Hw§$S> ZaH$ H$mo,
{~abm W§‘¡ ~mJ &
H$moB© gmYw OZ D$~a¡,
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* * * * * *
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wJ˶m ZaH${h OmB &
Am{J Am{J g~ EH$ h¡,
Vm‘¡ hmW Z ~m{h &&''23232323
AmYw{ZH$ H$mb H$s ewéAmV ‘| ^r Zmar H$s pñW{V ‘| H$moB© {deof n[adV©Z Zht Am¶m
Wm & 19dt eVmãXr Ho$ CÎmamY© VH$ Zmar H$s pñW{V ~o~g, bmMma Am¡a X¶Zr¶ hr A{YH$ ahr &
dmñV{dH$Vm Vmo ¶h h¡ {H$ Bg {nV¥gÎmmË‘H$ ì¶dñWm Ho$ MbVo Zmar H$m ñWmZ H$^r D$na Zht
CR> gH$m & dh XrZ-hrZ, bmMma Ed§ A~bm Ho$ ê$n ‘| hr h‘mao gm‘Zo AmVr ahr & D$na go
^maVr¶ AmXem] Zo CgH$s ñdV§ÌVm H$mo Cggo {~bHw$b hr N>rZ {b¶m Wm & O¡go ‘mVm-{nVm H$s
BÀN>mZwgma H$ݶm Ho$ ^m{d n{V H$m MwZmd H$aZm, Mmho dh CgHo$ AZwê$n hmo ¶m Z hmo & dh
127
AnZr BÀN>m go AnZo ^m{d n{V H$m MwZmd Zht H$a gH$Vr & emXr-ã¶mh Ho$ ‘m‘bo ‘| CgH$m
IwX H$m H$moB© {ZU©¶ Zht Mb gH$Vm & CgHo$ {bE CgHo$ ‘mVm-{nVm {Og {H$gr ^r da H$m
MwZmd H$aVo Wo, dhr loð> ‘mZ {b¶m OmVm Wm & Bggo AZ‘ob {ddmh H$s g‘ñ¶m Am¡a ^r
A{YH$ O{Q>b ~ZVr JB© & ^maVr¶ g‘mO ‘| AmO ^r Eogo ~hþV go ‘mVm-{nVm ‘m¡OyX h¡; Omo
{ddmh O¡go A{V ‘hËdnyU© Adga na AnZr ~o{Q>¶m| H$s am¶ boZm VH$ ng§X Zht H$aVo Am¡a CÝh|
Ohm± H$ht R>rH$ bJVm h¡ dht na AnZr ~o{Q>¶m| H$s emXr H$am XoVo h¢ & ^maVr¶ g‘mO H$m Xÿgam
AmXe© ¶h H$hVm h¡- "n{V na‘oídam¶ Z‘…'& EH$ nËZr Ho$ {bE CgH$m n{V hr CgH$m na‘oída
hmoVm h¡ & Bgr {bE ~oMmar ór H$mo CgH$s BÀN>mZwgma hr ~Vm©d H$aZm n‹S>Vm Wm & Cgo n{V H$s
Xmgr ~ZH$a hr nyar C‘« CgH$s godm ‘| {~VmZr n‹S>Vr Wr & S>m°. a‘oe {Vdmar Bg ~mao ‘| AnZm
‘V àñVwV H$aVo hþE {bIVo h¡ - "...¶hm± ^r nwéf Y‘© VWm B©ída H$s XþhmB© XoH$a {ó¶m| na
Aݶm¶ H$a bo OmVm Wm, ³¶m|{H$ nËZr Ho$ {bE dh na‘oída Wm & Cgo Hw$N> ^r H$aZo H$s
ñdV§ÌVm Wr, O~{H$ ór CgHo$ AmYrZ hr ah gH$Vr Wr & AnZr ‘Ou go Cgo Hw$N> ^r Zht
H$aZm Wm & n{V-nËZr Ho$ Bg gå~ÝY H$mo OÝ‘-OÝ‘mÝVa H$m gå~ÝY ^r ‘mZm J¶m Wm Am¡a
CgH$s EH${Zð>Vm Am¡a CgH$o {Zdm©h na {deof ~b {X¶m J¶m Wm & Bg àH$ma Xmån˶ OrdZ
‘| ¶Ú{n n{V-nËZr XoIZo ‘| Xmo AmYma go {XImB© n‹S>Vo Wo, bo{H$Z CgH$s Am§V[aH$ pñW{V
g‘mZVm H$s Zht Wr & nËZr H$^r ^r n{V H$s ~am~ar Zht H$a gH$Vr Wr & AV… ¶h EaH$
àH$ma H$m nwéf dJ© Ûmam Zmar H$m emofU hr Wm Omo n[adma Ho$ N>moQ>o Xm¶ao ‘| hmoVo hþE ^r Zmar-
g‘mO H$mo H$‘Omoa Am¡a Aghm¶ ~ZmZo Ho$ {bE n¶m©ßV Wm & n{V H$mo A{YH$ma Wm {H$ dh EH$
nËZr Ho$ hmoVo hþE ^r Xÿgar emXr H$ao; O~{H$ nËZr H$mo ¶h A{YH$ma n{V H$s ‘¥Ë¶w Ho$ ~mX ^r
Zht Wm &'24242424
Bg àH$ma ào‘M§X nyd© ¶wJrZ g‘mO ‘| Zmar Ho$ Omo {MÌ CnpñWV hmoVo h¢, Cg‘| Zmar H$s
pñW{V EH$X‘ XrZ-hrZ, bmMma Ed§ namYrZ hr Wr & VËH$mbrZ Cnݶmgm| ‘| ^r CgHo$
AmXem©Ë‘H$ ê$n H$mo hr A{YH$ {M{ÌV {H$¶m J¶m Wm VWm CZ na ar{VH$mbrZ na§nam H$s N>mn
ñnï>V… {XImB© n‹S>Vr h¡ & ào‘M§X nyd© ¶wJrZ "CnݶmgH$mam| H$m ܶmZ {deof ê$n go CnXoe XoZm
128
VWm Omgygm| Ho$ H$m¶©, {Vbñ‘ Am{X ~mVm| na hmoZo Ho$ H$maU CÝhm|Zo Zmar OrdZ H$m {deof {MÌU
Zht {H$¶m & Ho$db H$WmdñVw H$mo ~‹T>mZo Ho$ {bE Ed§ amoMH$ ~ZmZo Ho$ {bE Amdí¶H$Vm Ho$
AZwgma Zmar {MÌU H$m Cn¶moJ {H$¶m J¶m h¡ & AV… BZ Cnݶmgm| ‘| {M{ÌV Zm[a¶m| H$m H$moB©
ñdV§Ì ApñVËd ¶m ì¶{³ÎmËd {XImB© Zht XoVm & ¶o Zm[a¶m± CnݶmgH$mam| Ho$ hmWm| H$s H$R>nwVbr
hr ~Zr hþB© h¡ & Bg H$mb Ho$ A{Y³Va Cnݶmgm| ‘| na§nam go àmßV Zmar ñdê$n H$mo hr {M{ÌV
{H$¶m J¶m h¡ &'25252525
dmñVd ‘| XoIm Om¶o Vmo ào‘M§X ¶wJ go hr Zmar OrdZ ‘| ~Xbmd H$s pñW{V AmVr h¡ &
VWm Bg ¶wJ Ho$ CnݶmgH$mam| Zo AnZo Cnݶmgm| ‘| Zmar Ho$ gƒo Ed§ dmñV{dH$ {MÌm| H$mo àñVwV
{H$¶m h¡ & BZ boIH$m| Zo AmXe© H$s Anojm ¶WmW© H$mo A{YH$ AnZm¶m h¡ & AV… CZHo$ Zmar
{MÌU ‘| Zmar OrdZ H$s H$éUVm, CgH$r {d{dY g‘ñ¶mE± Am{X C^aH$a nhbr ~ma ì¶mnH$ ê$n
go OZVm Ho$ gå‘wI AmB© & ào‘M§X ¶wJ Ho$ CnݶmgH$mam| Zo nhbr ~ma Jm±d Ed§ eha H$s Zmar
OrdZ Ho$ CZ {d{dY nhbwAm| H$mo AnZo gm{h˶ ‘| ñWmZ {X¶m h¡, {OZH$m ào‘M§X nyd© ¶wJrZ
Cnݶmgm| ‘| gd©Wm A^md Wm & "Bg g‘¶ Ho$ CnݶmgH$mam| Zo XoIm {H$ gm‘m{OH$ XþamdñWm Ho$
H$maU Zmar H$s pñW{V A˶{YH$ emoMZr¶ h¡ & dh ê${‹T>¶m| Am¡a ~§YZm| Ho$ ~moP go {ZîàmU hmo
CR>r h¡ & ¶{X A~ ^r CgH$s g‘ñ¶mAm| H$mo ¶WmW© ê$n ‘| Z g‘Pm J¶m Vmo Xoe H$m AmYm ^mJ
àJ{V go d§{MV ah Om¶oJm & BZ boIH$m| Ho$ ‘Z ‘| gm‘m{OH$, Ym{‘©H$ Am¡a amOZ¡{VH$
Xþ충dñWmAm| Ho$ à{V K¥Um Am¡a {dÐmoh H$s A{½Z gwbJ ahr Wr & do àM{bV ê${‹T>¶m| Am¡a
A§Y{dídmgm| H$mo Vmo‹S> S>mbZm MmhVo Wo & Bg{bE CÝhm|Zo Zmar OrdZ H$s gmar {df‘VmAm| H$m
{MÌU Bg àH$ma {H$¶m H$s g‘mO H$s ghmZw y{V {‘b gHo$ &'26262626
ào‘M§X VWm CZHo$ g‘H$mbrZ ~hþV go boIH$ VËH$mbrZ g‘mO Ho$ Zmar {damoYr ImoIbo
AmXem] H$mo ‘mZZo Ho$ nj ‘| {~bHw$b Zht Wo, {Og‘| Zmar nwéf H$s Jwbm‘ ¶m Xmgr hmo & do
^maVr¶ Zmar H$s ñdV§ÌVm H$s ‘m±J H$aVo h¢ & CgH$s Imo¶r hþB© Apñ‘Vm H$mo nwZ… bm¡Q>mZm MmhVo
Wo & do Cgo namYrZ Zht ~pëH$ ñdmYrZ XoIZm MmhVo Wo Am¡a do BgHo$ {bE à¶ËZerb ^r
{XImB© XoVo h¢ & AV… CZHo$ Cnݶmgm| ‘| Eogo H$B© Zmar nmÌ {‘b Om¶|Jo Omo {H$gr Z {H$gr ê$n ‘|
129
BZ ImoIbo AmXem] VWm Bg {nV¥gÎmmË‘H$ ì¶dñWm H$m {damoY H$aVo hþE {XImB© n‹S>Vo h¢ &
CXmhaU ñdê$n XoIm Om¶ Vmo - Am. MVwagoZ emñÌr Ho$ "Anam{OVm' Cnݶmg H$s amO AnZo
A{YH$mam| Ho$ {bE AnZo n[adma Ho$ bmoJm| go g§Kf© H$aVr ZOa AmVr h¡ & A~ Zmar Yrao-Yrao
AnZo A{YH$mam| Ho$ à{V OmJ«V hmoVr {XImB© XoVr h¡ & Cgo nwéf Ho$ Bemam| na MbZm A~ ng§X
Zht h¡ & dh AnZo H$mo nwéf Ho$ ~am~a ‘mZH$a MbVr h¡ VWm gwIr Xm§ån˶OrdZ Ho$ {bE XmoZm|
H$s ~am~a y{‘H$m ‘| {dídmg aIVr h¡ Am¡a Bgo hr gƒr ñdmYrZVm ‘mZVr h¡ & AV…
àVmnZmam¶U lrdmñVd ór H$s ñdmYrZVm H$m ‘Vb~ "{~Xm' Cnݶmg ‘| Bg àH$ma 춳V H$aVo
h¢ - "Zht, gƒr ór-ñdmYrZVm dht h¡, Ohm± ór na A˶mMma Z hmo & ór-nwéf EH$ hmoH$a
aho, XmoZm| ‘| ‘V oX Z hmoZo nmdo & ór H$mo ¶h Jd© Z hmo {H$ ‘¢ ñdm‘r go ~‹S>r hÿ± Am¡a Z ñdm‘r
H$mo A{^‘mZ hmo {H$ Bída Zo g~ ~w{Õ> ‘oao hr {hñgo ‘| a³Ir h¡ & ór Ka H$s ‘mb{H$Z h¡ Am¡a
nwéf ~mha H$m, bo{H$Z XmoZm| ‘| ‘V¡³¶ hmo & XmoZm| Bg n{dÌ ào‘ gyÌ ‘| ~±Yo hmo, Ohm± Z amO h¡ Z
A{^‘mZ, Z Ûof h¡ Z H$bh & Agr‘ empÝV h¡ AZÝV ào‘ h¡ &'27272727 $
Bg àH$ma ào‘M§X ¶wJrZ CnݶmgH$mam| H$s ZmardmXr Ñ{ï> gwYmadmXr Wr VWm Bg ¶wJ H$s
Zmar CÎmoOZm Zo Bgo Am¡a ^r A{YH$ OmJ¥V {H$¶m & Bg ¶wJ Ho$ à˶oH$ boIH$m| Ho$ Zmar H$mo XoIZo
Ho$ ZO[a¶o ‘| n[adV©Z {XImB© n‹S>Vm h¡ & AV… Bg ¶wJ ‘| Z Ho$db Cnݶmgm| ‘o§ ~pëH$ H${dVmAm|
‘| ^r Zmar gå~ÝYr ¶h ~Xbr hþB© {dMmaYmam Ho$ Xe©Z hmoVo h¢ & "{hÝXr H$mì¶ ‘| Omo {ÛdoXr ¶wJ
Am¡a N>m¶mdmXr ¶wJ Ho$ Zm‘ go OmZo OmVo h¢ do XmoZm| ¶wJ {hÝXr JÚ ‘| ào‘M§X ¶wJ ‘| gpå‘{bV
‘mZo J¶o h¢ & AV… BZ XmoZm| ¶wJm| H$s H${dVm ‘| Zmar Ho$ à{V Omo H$éUm Am¡a gå‘mZ H$s ^mdZm
Wr dh ào‘M§X ¶wJ Ho$ Cnݶmgm| ‘| ^r b{jV hþB© h¡ & {ÛdoXr ¶wJ H$s H${dVm ‘| Zmar H$s X¶Zr¶
pñW{V H$m {MÌU nmR>H$ Ho$ ‘Z ‘| H$éUm CËnÝZ H$aZo H$s Moï>m H$aVm h¡ Am¡a N>m¶mdmXr H${dVm
‘| Zmar H$mo g‘mZVm àXmZ H$aVo hþE CgHo$ AÝV‘©Z H$mo g‘PZo H$m à¶mg {H$¶m J¶m h¡, {OgHo$
H$maU Zmar gå‘mZ H$s nmÌr ~Z OmVr h¡ & ào‘M§X ¶wJ ‘| XmoZm| Ñ{ï>¶m| H$m ‘ob hmo OmVm h¡ &'28282828
Bg ¶wJ Ho$ à{gÕ H${d ‘¡{WbreaU JwßV Zo -
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""A~bm OrdZ hm¶ Vwåhmar ¶hr H$hmZr &>
Am±Mb ‘| h¡ XÿY Am¡a Am±Im| ‘o nmZr &&''29292929
H$hH$a Zmar OrdZ Ho$ à{V ghmZw y{V Xem©¶r h¡ &
ào‘M§X H$m ¶wJ gwYmadmXr g§ñWmAm| Ho$ {Z‘mU© H$m ¶wJ Wm; bo{H$Z O¡gm {H$ nhbo hr
Bg ~mV H$mo ñnï> H$a {b¶m J¶m h¡ {H$ ào‘M§X H$m ¶wJ EH$ n«H$ma go g§H«$mpÝVH$mb H$m ¶wJ Wm &
{Og‘| Xmo àH$ma H$s àd¥{Îm¶m± EH$ gmW Mb ahr Wr & {OZ‘| EH$ Amoa àmMrZ ê${‹T>J«ñV g‘mO
VWm CZH$s ImoIbr ‘mݶVmE±, na§namE±, g‹S>r Jbr ar{V¶m± Am{X Hw$N> {dÚ‘mZ Wm & Vmo Xygar
Amoa g‘mO gwYma, Zmar ñdmV§Í¶ VWm g‘mZVm H$s MMm©E± hmo ahr Wr & bo{H$Z gM nyN>m OmE Vmo
ào‘M§X ¶wJrZ g‘mO ‘| ¶h g‘mO gwYma H$s àd¥{Îm XoIZo H$mo Vmo {‘bVr h¡ {H$ÝVw ¶h g‘mO
gwYma g‘mO Ho$ g^r ñVam| na EH$ g‘mZ AnZm à^md Zht ‹S>mb gH$m Wm & A{nVw g‘mO Ho$
Hw$N> hr dUm]-dJm] VH$ gr{‘V ahm Am¡a Bggo Omo n[adV©Z ¶m gwYma Am¶m dh ^r Hw$N> hr ‘mÌm
‘| Wm; g§nyU© ¶m nyU©V… gwYma Zht Wm & hm±bm{H$ BZ Am§XmobZm| Ho$ n[aUm‘ ñdê$n VËH$mbrZ
g‘mO ‘| H$m{’$ Hw$N> hX VH$ àmMrZ na§namAm| na AmKmV Adí¶ nhþ±Mm, CgH$s O‹S>o Adí¶
hrb JB© Am¡a AmJo MbH$a BZ g~ Am§XmobZmo§ H$m AÀN>m à^md ¶h n‹S>m {H$ dV©‘mZ g‘¶ ‘|
{ó¶m| Ho$ {dH$mg Ho$ {bE Z¶o Ûma Iwb JE& {H$ÝVw ào‘M§X ¶wJ ‘| A~ ^r do O‹S>o nhbo hr H$s
Vah ‘m¡OyX Wt & BZ g‘mO gwYma Ho$ Am§XmobZm| Ho$ n[aUm‘ ñdê$n ¶o àmMrZ ê${‹T>J«ñV O‹S>o hrb
Vmo Adí¶ JB© Wr bo{H$Z BZ O‹S>mo H$s nH$‹S> g‘mO na BVZr ‘O~yV Wr {H$ do AnZo ‘yb g‘oV
Zht CI‹S> gH$s & Bg ¶wJ ‘| g‘mO gwYma H$s àd¥{Îm XoIZo H$mo Vmo {‘bVr h¡, {H$ÝVw Cg na
A‘b A§eV… hr hmoVm Wm & S>m°. ajm nwar Ho$ eãXm| ‘| H$ho Vmo - ""¶hm± Bg V϶ H$mo {H$gr Vah
Zht wbm¶m Om gH$Vm {H$ ào‘M§X ¶wJrZ g‘mO gwYma Am§XmobZ VWm gwYmamdmXr {dMmaYmam
{JZo-MwZo {e{jV ì¶{³V¶m| VH$ hr gr{‘V Wr & A{e{jV J«m‘rU Ed§ ZmJ[aH$ Vmo g‘mZ ê$n go
Bg gwYmadmXr {dMmaYmam Ho$ {déÕ Wo hr, {e{jV ì¶{³V ^r H$^r-H$^r Cgo gabVm go J«hU
Zht H$a nmVo Wo & g‘mO Ho$ {damoY - ^¶ go öX¶ go gwYmam| H$m g‘W©Z H$aZo dmbm ì¶{³V ^r
ì¶mdhm[aH$ ê$n go àm¶… H$moB© H$X‘ Zht CR>m nmVm Wm & gmam§e ¶h h¡ {H$ ào‘M§X ¶wJ ‘| Wmo‹S>o go
131
{e{jV ì¶{³V hr g‘mO gwYma Ho$ nj ‘| Wo, eof g‘mO ê${‹T>J«ñV Wm & dh AnZr àmMrZ
ê${‹T>¶m|, A§Y{dídmgm| Ed§ gm‘m{OH$ Hw$àWmAm| go {MnQ>m hþAm Wm & Bg àH$ma g‘mO Xmo dJm] ‘|
~±Q>m hþAm Wm & EH$ dJ© àmMrZ ê${‹T>¶m| Ed§ Hw$àWmAm| H$m g‘W©H$ Wm & Xÿgam CZ‘| n[aîH$ma
H$aHo$ Z¶o OrdZ‘yë¶mo§ H$s ñWmnZm Ho$ {bE à¶ËZerb Wm & BZ Xmo dJm] ‘| g§Kf© hmoZm A{Zdm¶©
Wm & ¶h g§Kf© ào‘M§X ¶wJ ‘| gd©Ì hr n[ab{jV hmoVm h¡ &''30303030 AWm©V ào‘M§X ¶wJ ‘| ¶h XoIm
J¶m h¡ {H$ gwYma ¶m ZdOmJaU H$s ewéAmV Vmo hmo MwH$s Wr {H$ÝVw ¶h àd¥{Îm ~hþV ‘§X J{V go
AmJo ~‹T> ahr Wr ¶m ¶m| H${hE {H$ bmoJm| na BZ gm‘m{OH$ Ym{‘©H$ Am§XmobZm| H$m {OVZm à^md
n‹S>Zm Mm{hE Wm, CVZm Zht n‹S>m Wm & ³¶m|{H$ bmoJ A^r ^r na§namJV ¶m ‘ܶH$mbrZ O‹S>Vm
H$mo N>mo‹S>Zo H$mo ‘mZ{gH$ Vm¡a na V¡¶ma Zht Wo & {XImdm ~hþV A{YH$ Wm, {H$ÝVw Cg na A‘b
~hþV H$‘ hmoVm Wm & BVZo gmao gwYmadmXr H$m¶©H«$‘m| Ho$ MbVo ^r g‘mO H$s àJ{V ‘| H$moB© ~hþV
~‹S>m n[adV©Z Zht Am¶m & Ohm± EH$ Amoa Zmar CËWmZ Ho$ {bE Vah-Vah Ho$ g‘mamohm| H$m
Am¶moOZ {H$¶m OmVm Wm, VoO Vam©a ì¶m»¶mZ-àdMZ, Zmao~mOr Am{X Hw$N> Mb ahm Wm, dht
na ¶h ^r XoIm J¶m {H$ ~‹S>o-~‹S>o àMmaH$ ¶m ZoVm bmoJ ^r O¡go "hmWr Ho$ XmV {XImZo Ho$ AbJ
Am¡a M~mZo Ho$ AbJ' dmbr C{³V Ho$ AZwgma CZH$s H$WZr Am¡a H$aZr ‘| ^r ~‹S>m A§Va {XImB©
XoVm Wm & Bgr{bE Vmo H$B© ~ma ¶h ^r XoIm J¶m {H$ gwYma H$m àMma H$aZo dmbo bmoJ ^r BZ
gm‘m{OH$ Hw$ar{V¶m| go AnZo Amn H$mo ~Mm Zht nm¶o Wo & ào‘M§X ¶wJ H$s Bg {df‘ n[apñW{V
H$m dU©Z H$aVo hþE A‘¥Vam¶ {bIVo h¢ - "Am¶© g‘mO H$m Bg g‘¶ H$mµ’$s Xm¡a Xm¡am Wm &
àMmaH$ bmoJ Ky‘Vo ahVo & OJh-OJh g^mE± hmoVr, Oëgo hmoVo, gZmVZr n§{S>Vm| go emñÌmW©
hmoVo & ~mb {ddmh H$s ~wamB¶m± ~Vbm¶r OmVr, AZ‘ob {ddmh H$s Iam{~¶m± ~Vbm¶r OmVr,
{dYdm-{ddmh Ho$ emñÌr¶ à‘mU OwQ>m¶o OmVo, µH$amaXmX H$s {ZÝXm H$s OmVr & ¶h gdmb
{~bHw$b Xÿgam h¡ {H$ BZ ~mVm| ‘| {H$VZm {hñgm µO~mZr O‘mIM© Wm Am¡a {H$VZo na IwX AJwAm
bmoJ A‘b H$aZo H$mo V¡¶ma Wo & ~mV| Á¶mXm Wt, A‘b H$‘ & Omo bmoJ ‘§M na I‹S>o hmoH$a
Yw±AmYma ì¶m»¶mZ XoVo Wo Am¡a emXr ‘| boZ-XoZ H$s àWm H$mo ~wam H$hVo Wo, IwX Mmoar-Mmoar dhr
H$m‘ H$aVo Wo, boVo ^r Wo Am¡a XoVo ^r Wo & {dYdmAm| H$s Xem na AmR>-AmR> Am±gy amoVo Wo
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bo{H$Z IwX BgHo$ {bE V¡¶ma Z Wo {H$ {H$gr {dYdm go ã¶mh H$a bo ¶m AnZo ~oQ>o H$m ã¶mh H$a
X| & ¶m {H$ AnZr {dYdm ~oQ>r H$m ã¶mh {’$a go H$aZo H$m gmhg AnZo ^rVa nm gH|$ & hmoVm
Á¶mXmVa dht Wm Omo gXm go hmoVm Am¶m Wm, ‘Ja ~mVo ~‹S>r-~‹S>r hmoVr Wr & ¶hr MrO KwZ H$s
Vah Am¶© g‘mO Ho$ Am§XmobZ H$mo Im J¶r Am¡a gZmVZ Y‘© H$s Myb| Z {hbt &'31313131
ào‘M§X ¶wJrZ g‘mO ‘| {ó¶m| H$s g~go ~‹S>r g‘ñ¶m CZHo$ [ddmh gå~ÝYr Wr & CZ‘|
^r ~mb-{ddmh, {dYdm-{ddmh, AZ‘ob {ddmh Am¡a g~go àYmZ g‘ñ¶m "XhoO' H$s Wr &
Bg ¶wJ H$s d¡dm{hH$ Hw$[a{V¶m| Ho$ A§VJ©V XoIm Om¶ Vmo Bg ¶wJ ‘| ~mb {ddmhH$m| H$s
g§»¶m A{YH$ ‘mÌm ‘| nm¶r OmVr h¡ & H¥$îU àgmX H$m¡b Ûmam àñVwV "Y nmoOreZ Am°’$ dr‘oZ
BZ B§{S>¶Z gmogm¶Q>r' H$s EH$ [anmoQ>© Ho$ AZwgma "gZ² 1901 H$s OZJUZm Ho$ AZwgma 80
à{VeV b‹S>{H$¶m± nyU© d¶ àmßV H$aZo Ho$ nhbo hr {ddm{hV hmo OmVr Wt & 40 à{VeV H$ݶmE±
10 go 15 df© H$s AdñWm ‘| Am¡a 10 à{VeV nm±M go Xg Ho$ ~rM H$s C‘« ‘| ã¶mh Xr OmVr
Wr & ha 72 b‹S>H$s ‘| EH$ b‹S>H$s H$m {ddmh 1 go 5 H$s C‘« ‘| hmo OmVm Wm &'32323232 BVZm hr
Zht gZ² 1921 H$s OZJUZm [anmoQ>© Ho$ AZwgma 1 H$amo‹S> ~mb npËZ¶m± Wr Am¡a AmYm H$amo‹S>
~mb {dYdmE± Wr & Bgr ~mb {ddmh H$s Hw$àWm Ho$ n[aUm‘ ñdê$n d¥Õ {ddmh, AZ‘ob {ddmh
VWm ~hþ {ddmh O¡gr Aݶ àWmAm| H$mo ^r àmoËgmhZ {‘bm Wm & Eogo ~mb {ddmhm| Ho$ {bE
VËH$mbrZ g‘mO ‘| ì¶mßV Hw$N> Ym{‘©H$ ‘mݶVmE± ^r H$m{’$ hX VH$ {Oå‘oXma Wr & {OgHo$ ahVo
Zm[a¶m| Ho$ OrdZ ‘| gwI H$m gyaO H$^r Z CJZo nm¶m & BZ ‘mݶVmAm| Ho$ AZwgma Ka ‘| ~oQ>r H$m
ã¶mh OëX go OëX hmo OmZm Mm{hE Am¡a Bgr{bE H$B© ~ma ‘m±-~mn AnZr ~o{Q>¶m| Ho$ {bE ¶mo½¶
Ka VWm da Ty>±‹T>Zo H$s H$mo{ee VH$ Zht H$aVo Am¡a N>moQ>r gr C‘« ‘| CÝh| Ohm±-Vhm± ã¶mh XoVo Wo &
S>m°. JrVmbmb Zo ào‘M§X ¶wJ H$s Bg g‘ñ¶m H$m dU©Z H$aVo hþE {bIm h¡ - "aOmoY‘© Ho$ nhbo
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A^md ‘| àm¶… A¶mo½¶, ~y‹T>o, amoJr Am¡a AZoH$ npËZ¶m| dmbo dam| go AnZr b‹S>{H$¶m| H$m {ddmh
H$a XoVo Wo& Bg àWm Ho$ H$maU {hÝXÿ Zmar H$s pñW{V ~‹S>r X¶Zr¶ hmo JB© Wr & erK« {ddmh H$m
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‘| g§VmZ hmoZo Ho$ H$maU g§VmZ ^r Xþ~©b Am¡a amoJr hmoVr Wr & ^maVr¶ {XZm| {XZ jrU Am¡a
{Z…gËd hmoVo Om aho Wo & N>moQ>r AdñWm ‘| {ddmh CZH$s {ejm ‘| ^r ~mYH$ Wm & Eogr pñW{V ‘|
Zmar Ho$ emar[aH$ Am¡a ‘mZ{gH$ {dH$mg H$m ñVa ghO hr AZw‘o¶ h¡ &'33333333 em¶X Bgr{bE Zmar
H$s BVZr X¶Zr¶ XþX©em H$mo XoIH$a hr g^r g‘mO gwYmaH$m| H$m ܶmZ Zm[a¶m| H$s Amoa {deof
ê$n go J¶m Am¡a BZ gwYmaH$m| Zo ~mb {ddmh H$m Iw~ {damoY {H$¶m VWm b‹S>{H$¶m| Ho$ {bE emXr
H$s C‘« H$‘ go H$‘ 16 df© aIZo H$s ‘m±J H$s & Bgr {gb{gbo ‘| "19dt eVmãXr Ho$ A§V Am¡a
20dt eVmãXr Ho$ Ama§^ ‘| Am¶© g‘mO Am¡a H$m±J«og H$o gmW à{V df© ~¡R>Zo dmbr ^maVr¶ amï´>r¶
gm‘m{OH$ n[afX Zo BZ Xmofm| Ho$ {déÕ àñVmd nm[aV H$aHo$ Am¡a bmoH$‘V n¡Xm H$aHo$ CÝh| Xÿa
H$aZo Ho$ {bE g{H«$¶ à¶ËZ {H$¶o & ‘h{f© X¶mZ§X Zo d¡{XH$ AmXe© Ho$ AmYma na nwéf Am¡a ór
Ho$ {bE {ddmh H$s H$‘ go H$‘ C‘« 24 Am¡a 16 df© R>hamB© & CÝhm|Zo emñÌm| Ho$ à‘mUm| Am¡a
¶w{³V¶m| Ho$ hbHo$-go AmKmV go ""Aï>dfm© ^doV² Jm¡ar'' Ho$ ‘m¶mOmb H$mo Vmo‹S> {X¶m & ...BgHo$
A{V[a³V n§{‹S>Vmo Am¡a gZmV{Z¶m| Ho$ Vrd« {damoY Ho$ ~mdOyX gZ² 1929 ‘| gwYmaH$m| Zo ~mb
{ddmh {ZfoYH$ emIm A{Y{Z¶‘ nm[aV H$am¶m, {OgHo$ AZwgma {ddmh Ho$ g‘¶ H$ݶm H$s C‘«
14 df© Am¡a da H$s Am¶w 18 df© hmoZr Mm{hE & Bg H$mZyZ H$m à^md ^r ^maVr¶ OZVm na
n‹S>m, {H$ÝVw dh ì¶mnH$ Zht Wm & H$ݶmAm| H$s {ddmh AdñWm H$m ñVa D±$Mm H$aZo ‘| ór-
{ejm, A{^^mdH$m| H$s Am{W©H$ H${R>ZmB¶m± Am¡a {e{jV VWm g‘¶ go à^m{dV ‘mVm-{nVmAm|
H$m ~hþV ~‹S>m hmW ahm &'34343434 ‘hmË‘m Jm§YrOr ^r Eogo ~mb {ddmhm| Ho$ {Ibm’$ Wo & H$B© ~ma Eoogo
~mb {ddmhm| Ho$ n[aUm‘ ñdê$n ~oMmar Am¡aVm| H$mo AH$mb d¡Yì¶ ^r ^moJZm n‹S>Vm Wm & AV…
g‘mO H$s Eogr ~mb {dYdmAm| H$s H$éU Xem H$mo XoIH$a CZH$m {Xb amo n‹S>Vm Wm & EH$ OJh
do H$hVo h¢ - ""~mb {ddmh go ‘wPo K¥Um h¡ Am¡a {dYdm ~m{bH$m H$mo XoIH$a ‘¢ H$m±nZo bJVm hÿ±
VWm ór Ho$ XohmÝV Ho$ níMmV Vwa§V {ddmh H$aZo dmbo nwéf H$mo XoIH$a ‘¢ nmJb hmo OmVm
hÿ± &''35353535
Ohm± Eogo ~mb {ddmh {H$¶o OmVo Wo, dhm± ór H$s Am¶w H$‘ hmoZo Ho$ H$maU dh ñd¶§ Vmo
AnZo OrdZ g§~§Yr H$moB© ’¡$gbm H$aZo ‘| gj‘ Vmo hmoVr hr Zht Wr & n[aUm‘ ñdê$n CgHo$
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‘mVm-{nVm AnZr ‘Ou Ho$ ‘wVm{~H$ CÝh| Ohm± C{MV bJVm dht AnZr ~oQ>r H$mo ã¶mh XoVo Wo &
Eogo ‘| ^bm n{V-nËZr Ho$ ‘Z-{‘bmn H$m Vmo H$moB© gdmb hr Zht CR>Vm Wm Am¡a Eogo {ddmhm| Ho$
n[aUm‘ ñdê$n hr Bg ¶wJ ‘| AZ‘ob {ddmhm| H$s g§»¶m ^r A{YH$ H$hr Om gH$Vr h¡ & Eogr
Zmar Ho$ {bE g~go ~‹S>r ^¶mdh pñW{V Vmo CgHo$ {ddmhmonam§V V~ hmoVr Wr O~ "{ddmh Ho$ ~mX
gm‘m{OH$ {Z¶‘m| Ho$ AZwgma, ór H$mo {~Zm {H$gr àH$ma H$m {damoY [H$E, AÀN>o ¶m ~wao n{V Ho$
gmW AnZm OrdZ-{Zdm©h H$aZm hmoVm Wm & {ddmh g§~§Y H$mo A{dÀN>oÚ ~§YZ Am¡a Ym{‘©H$
g§ñH$ma ‘mZZo Ho$ H$maU VbmH$ H$s Amkm Zht Wr, {OgHo$ H$maU {hÝXy ór H$s pñW{V ~‹S>r
X¶Zr¶ Wr& ¶Ú{n ¶h A{YH$ma n{V H$mo ^r Zht Wm; {H$ÝVw ~hþ {ddmh, doí¶m d¥{Îm,
à{Vnm{bVm aIZo Am{X H$s gw{dYm Ho$ H$maU dh AZm¡nMm[aH$ ar{V go nËZr H$m n[a˶mJ H$a Xo
gH$Vm Wm & dmñV{dH$Vm ¶h h¡ {H$ Am¡a H$moB© Aml¶ Z hmoZo Ho$ H$maU n{V Ûmam ˶³V ór H$s
AdñWm VbmH$ Xr hþB© ór go ^r ~war hmoVr Wr & ¶{X Eogr hmbV ‘| H$moB© AmË‘m{^‘mZr nËZr
n{V go AbJ ahZm MmhVr Wr, Vmo ^aU-nmofU H$m IM© Cgo Xmo hr hmbVm| ‘| n{V Ûmam {‘b
gH$Vm Wm & nhbr Vmo dh {H$ n{V Zo Aݶ ór go g§~§Y ñWm{nV H$a AnZr nËZr H$mo {Zam{lV
N>mo‹S> {X¶m hmo Am¡a Xÿgar ¶h {H$ n{V H$s H«y$aVm Zo nËZr Ho$ OrdZ H$mo g§H$Q> ‘| S>mb {X¶m hmo &
{H$ÝVw {H$gr ^r pñW{V ‘| {ddm{hV ór H$mo n{V go Nw>Q>H$mam Zht {‘b gH$Vm Wm & n{V nmJb,
H«$moYr, {ZX©¶, H$mo‹T>r hmo gH$Vm Wm ¶m Cg na gm¡V| bmX gH$Vm Wm, {H$ÝVw ¶o H$maU {H$gr
AmË‘gå‘mZ{චnËZr H$m n{V go AbJ ahZm ݶmæ¶ Zht R>ham gH$Vo Wo & Bg pñW{V ‘| JwOmam
VH$ Zht {‘b gH$Vm Wm &'36363636
Eogr n[apñW{V ‘| ^bm ór H$mo nwéf Ho$ g‘mZ A{YH$ma H¡$go àmßV hmo gH$Vo Wo ? ór
Vmo ~oMmar MmhH$a ^r Hw$N> H$aZo ‘| gj‘ Zht Wr & Cgo Vmo Ho$db ^m½¶ Ho$ ^amogo ~¡R>H$a hr
AnZm OrdZ {Zdm©h H$aZm hmoVm Wm & gZ² 1924 ‘| O~ ^maV ‘| nhbr ~ma VbmH$ Ho$ {bE
^maVr¶ amï´>r¶ gm‘m{OH$ n[afX Ûmam EH$ A{YdoeZ {H$¶m J¶m Cgo ^r H$moB© ¶mo½¶ à{VgmX Zht
{‘bm & D$na go CgH$m {damoY hr A{YH$ hþAm & bo{H$Z ~mX ‘| Bg pñW{V ‘| Yrao-Yrao Wmo‹S>m
gwYma Am¶m & "gZ² 1923 Ho$ {deof {ddmh H$mZyZ Ûmam, Omo gZ² 1872 Ho$ VËg§~Õ H$mZyZ H$m
135
gwYam ê$n hr Wm, {ó¶m| H$mo A{YH$ A{YH$ma àmßV hmo gH$Vo Wo, ~eV} CZH$m {ddmh Bg H$mZyZ
go hþAm hmo & BgHo$ AmYma na {H$gr ^r Om{V H$s ór {H$gr ^r Om{V Ho$ nwéf go {Z~§YZ Ho$
Ûmam {ddmh H$a gH$Vr Wr & {ddmh H$s ‘mݶVm Ho$ {bE XmoZm| njm| H$m ‘V A{Zdm¶© Wm Am¡a
nhbr ór Ho$ OrdZH$mb ‘| nwéf Xÿgam {ddmh Zht H$a gH$Vm Wm & "^maVr¶ VbmH$ H$mZyZ' ^r
Bgr H$mZyZ Ho$ AZwgma {H$E {ddmh na bmJy Wm & nwéf Ho$ Y‘© n[adV©Z, Xÿgam {ddmh Am¡a
ì¶m{^Mma H$aZo na ¶m ór Ho$ gmW H«y$aVm ¶m ór-n[a˶mJ H$aZo na ór H$mo VbmH$ nmZo H$m
A{YH$ma Wm & ¶{X n{V Znw§gH$ hmo, AWdm nmJb hmo, AWdm CgH$s nhbr nËZr Or{dV hmo, Vmo
{ddmh H$mo {Zî’$b Kmo{fV {H$¶m Om gH$Vm Wm &'37373737 {H$ÝVw dmñV{dH$Vm Vmo ¶h Wr {H$ ~hþV go
bmoJ Bg H$mZyZ H$mo OmZVo Zht Wo, Vmo Hw$N> OmZH$a ^r BgH$m à¶moJ Zht H$aVo Wo & Am¡a ór H$m
{damoY Z H$aZo Ho$ nrN>o ~hþV Hw$N> CgH$s ^maVr¶ ‘mZ{gH$Vm {Oå‘oXma Wr, {Og‘| n{V H$mo
na‘oída Am¡a AnZo H$mo CgH$s Xmgr ‘mZH$a MbZo dmbr d¥{Îm hr {Oå‘oXma Wr & Eogo ‘| n{V
‘hme¶ H$mo gd© A{YH$ma AnZo Amn hr àmßV hmo OmVo Wo Am¡a ~oMmar nËZr MmhH$a ^r AnZo
A{YH$mam| Ho$ {bE b‹S>Zo H$mo ‘mZ{gH$ Vm¡a na V¡¶ma Zht Wr & hm±, Ohm± Cƒ {ejm àmßV ¶wdm
dJ© Wm, dhm± Hw$N> hX VH$ Bg H$mZyZ H$m Cn¶moJ Adí¶ {H$¶m J¶m Wm &
ào‘M§X AnZo g‘¶ H$s d¡dm{hH$ àWmAm| go ^br-^m±{V n[a{MV Wo & Cg g‘¶ H$s
d¡dm{hH$ àUmbr BVZr Xÿ{fV hmo JB© Wr {H$ Cgo EH$X‘ R>rH$ H$a nmZm O¡go g§^d hr Zht Wm &
do {ddmh àWm Ho$ {damoYr Zht Wo, ~pëH$ d¡dm{hH$ Hw$-àWmAm| Ho$ {damoYr Wo & do {hÝXÿ g‘mO H$s
nwamZr àWmAm| na AnZm AmH«$moe Ed§ qMVm 춳V H$aVo hþE AnZr EH$ H$hmZr "CÕma' ‘| {bIVo
h¢ - "{hÝXÿ g‘mO H$s d¡dm{hH$ àWm BVZr Xÿ{fV, BVZr qMVmOZH$, BVZr ^¶§H$a hmo J¶r h¡ {H$
Hw$N> g‘P ‘| Zht AmVm, CgH$m gwYma ³¶m| H$a hmo &'38383838
{ddoÀ¶ ¶wJ ‘| Zm[a¶m| Ho$ {ddmh Ho$ A§VJ©V XhoO H$s àWm AnZo {dH$amb Am¡a ^¶mdh
ê$n Ho$ gmW àñVwV Wr & XhoO-àWm Bg ¶wJ H$s hr Zht ~pëH$ g{X¶m| go Zmar Ho$ gwI‘¶
Xm§n˶ OrdZ H$mo ObmH$a amI H$a XoZo dmbr EH$ à~b g‘ñ¶m ahr h¡ & XhoO Ho$ A^md ‘| Zmar
Ho$ JwUm| H$s H$moB© H$s‘V Zht ah OmVr & Mmho dh bmI JwUr¶b hmo ¶m ê$ndVr hr ³¶m| Z hmo,
136
XhoO Ho$ A^md ‘| CgHo$ gmao JwU Eo~ ‘| n[ad{V©V hmo OmVo h¢ Am¡a CgH$s gwÝXaVm Hw$ê$nVm ‘| &
bo{H$Z b‹S>H$s H$m ~mn ¶{X b‹S>Ho$ dmbm| H$mo T>oa gmam XhoO XoZo H$mo V¡¶ma h¡ Vmo Hw$ê$n b‹S>H$s ^r
Hw$brZ ZOa AmVr Wr & d¡go XoIm Om¶ Vmo ¶h àWm ^maVr¶ g‘mO ‘| H$m{’$ b§~o Aago go
àdV©‘mZ ahr h¡ & BgH$m EH$ H$maU ¶h ^r Wm {H$ nhbo ‘m±-~mn H$s Om¶XmX na ~o{Q>¶m| H$mo
H$moB© A{YH$ma Zht ahVm Wm & n[aUm‘ ñdê$n ‘m±-~mn CZ ~o{Q>¶m| H$s emXr Ho$ Adga na Hw$N>
Z Hw$N> g§n{Îm XmZ ¶m oQ> Ho$ ê$n ‘| Xo XoVo Wo & g§nÝZ n[admam| ‘| Vmo AnZr nw{̶m| Ho$ {ddmh Ho$
Adga na H$m{’$ Hw$N> H$s‘Vr oQ>-gm¡JmX| XoZo H$m O¡go ardmO hr ~Z J¶m Wm & {H$ÝVw Yrao-Yrao
Bg àWm ‘| H$m’$s hX VH$ {e{WbVm AmZo bJr Am¡a CZ g^r MrOm|, oQ>-gm¢JmXm| H$s ‘m±J da
nj H$s Amoa go hmoZo bJr & Bg‘| Hw$N> ZH$X én¶|, H$s‘Vr JhZ|, Am yfU go boH$a gwI-
gw{dYmAm| H$s ~hþ‘yë¶ MrOdñVwAm| H$s Amdí¶H$ ê$n go ‘m±J H$s OmZo bJr & ¶h àWm ~mX ‘|
BVZr ’y$br ’$br {H$ BgZo ~hþV gr ~o{Q>¶m| H$m OrdZ ZH©$ go ^r ~XVa H$a {X¶m & ¶hr àWm
"XhoO àWm' Ho$ ê$n ‘| àM{bV hþB© & AmbmoÀ¶ ¶wJ ‘| ^r Bg àWm Ho$ n[aUm‘ ñdê$n Zmar H$s
Xem Am¡a ^r A{YH$ X¶Zr¶ hmo JB© Wr & S>m°. JrVmbmb Ho$ eãXm| ‘| H$ho Vmo - ""ào‘M§X Ho$ ¶wJ
‘| àM{bV XhoO-àWm {ddmh g§~§Ymo§ ‘| H$mo‹T>> ‘| ImO {gÕ hmo ahr Wr & ~hþVoao gwYmaH$m| Zo ~o‘ob
{ddmh, ~hþ {ddmh Am¡a d¥Õ {ddmh H$m ‘yb H$maU Bgo hr R>ham¶m Wm & b‹S>H$s Ho$ JwUm| Am¡a
gm¢X¶© H$m XhoO Ho$ AmJo Hw$N> ‘yë¶ Zht Wm & AV… Jar~ Kam| H$s gw§Xa Am¡a gw{e{jV b‹S>{H$¶m±
~hþYm, XhoO Ho$ A^md ‘|, Hw$nmÌm| Ho$ Jbo ‘‹T> Xr OmVr Wr; ³¶m|{H$ {ddmh EH$ A{Zdm¶©
Ym{‘©H$ H$V©ì¶ Wm & {H$VZr ¶wd{V¶m± ‘mVm-{nVm H$s qMVm XoIH$a AmË‘h˶m VH$ H$a boVr
Wr & Bg àWm Zo {ó¶m| H$s gm‘m{OH$ pñW{V H$mo A˶§V hrZ H$a {X¶m Wm & H$ݶm Ho$ OÝ‘ H$mo
{dabo hr {H$gr Ka ‘| hf© H$m hoVw ‘mZm OmVm Wm & ggwamb ‘| ^r CgH$m AmXa Zht Wm & àm¶…
CgHo$ ñdmñ϶ H$s XoIaoI AÀN>r Vah go Zht H$s OmVr Wr; ³¶m|{H$ CgHo$ XohmÝV Ho$ ~mX nwZ…
XhoO boH$a CgHo$ n{V H$m Xÿgam {ddmh hmo gH$Vm Wm & ¶{X Xþ^m©½¶de b‹S>H$s Ho$ {nVm Zo
{ZpíMV XhoO H$s aH$‘ {ddmh Ho$ g‘¶ Z Xo Xr, Vmo àm¶… BgH$m X§S> H$ݶm H$mo AmOrdZ wJVZm
137
n‹S>Vm Wm & Bg AnamY na Cg na gm¡V bmH$a ^r {~R>m¶r Om gH$Vr Wr Am¡a dh ‘m¶Ho$ ‘|
AnZo Xþ^m©½¶ Ho$ {XZ ì¶VrV H$aVr Wr &''39393939
Bg àH$ma XoIm Om¶ Vmo ào‘M§X ¶wJ ‘| Img H$aHo$ {ddmh g§~§Y ‘| Zmar H$m ñWmZ nwéf
H$s Anojm hrZ H$mo{Q> H$m Wm & g‘mO Zo gmao A{YH$ma nwéf H$mo hr Xo aIo Wo & D$na go XhoO
boZm Vmo O¡go nwéfm| Zo AnZm OÝ‘{gÕ A{YH$ma hr ‘mZ {b¶m Wm & ¶{X b‹S>H$s H$m ~mn AnZr
Am{W©H$ H${R>ZmB©¶m| H$s dOh go {ZYm©[aV XhoO XoZo ‘| Ag‘W© ¶m ZmH$m‘ ahm Vmo CgHo$
Xþîn[aUm‘ ~oMmar H$ݶm H$mo hr ^moJZo n‹S>Vo Wo & AV… Bg ¶wJ ‘| H$ݶmAm| Ho$ AZ‘ob {ddmh
A{YH$ XoIZo H$mo {‘bVo h¢ & H$B© ~ma Vmo Eogo AZ‘ob {ddmhm| go ÌñV hmoH$a Zmar ~oMmar doí¶m
d¥{Îm O¡go hrZ H$‘© H$mo AnZmZo Ho$ {bE ^r ‘O~ya hmo OmVr Wr & "godmgXZ' H$s gw‘Z ^r AnZo
n{V Ho$ gmW Ho$ AZ‘ob Ho$ H$maU n{V Ûmam ˶mJ {X¶o OmZo na doí¶mb¶ VH$ Om nhþ±MVr h¡ &
XhoO H$s Bg ^¶mdh g‘ñ¶m H$mo Z Ho$db ào‘M§X Zo ~pëH$ Bg ¶wJ Ho$ bJ^J g^r
CnݶmgH$mam| Zo AnZo Cnݶmgm| ‘| {M{ÌV {H$¶m h¡ & "CÝhm|Zo g‘mO ‘| ì¶mßV Am{W©H$ {df‘Vm
Am¡a XhoO àWm H$mo AZ‘ob {ddmhm| H$m ‘yb ‘mZm h¡ & CZHo$ {dMma go AZoH$ {ZY©Z ‘mVm-{nVm
AnZr {H$emoar H$ݶmAm| H$m YZ Ho$ A^md ‘|, AYoS> {dYwam| ¶m YZr d¥Õm| Ho$ gmW {ddmh H$aZo
Ho$ {bE ~mܶ hmoVo h¢ & ~oMmar {H$emoar H$ݶmE± ‘m±-~mn H$s Amkm H$m nmbZ Vmo H$aVr h¢, {H$ÝVw
CZH$m {ZOr OrdZ ZmaH$s¶ ~Z OmVm h¡ & do àm¶… ¶wdmdñWm Ho$ AmJ‘Z go nyd© hr {dYdm ~Z
OmVr h¡ & CZH$s Am{W©H$ H${R>ZmB¶m±, gm‘m{OH$ Cnojm VWm ¶m¡dZ H$m AmdoJ CÝh| nW- «ï> hmoZo
Ho$ {bE ~mܶ H$aVm h¡ & H${Vn¶ Eogr ^r Zm[a¶m± h¢, Omo Xrn-{eIm Ho$ g‘mZ Am¶w-n¶©ÝV
ObZo ‘| hr AnZo OrdZ H$s gmW©H$Vm g‘PVr h¡ &'40404040
ào‘M§X Bg gm‘m{OH$ Hw$àWm Ho$ {~bHw$b {Ibm’$ Wo & do Bg V϶ H$mo ~hþV AÀN>r
Vah go OmZVo Wo {H$ Bg àWm Ho$ MbVo Zmar H$s Xem Am¡a ^r A{YH$ X¶Zr¶ hmoVr Om¶oJr &
CZHo$ EH$ Cnݶmg "{Z‘©bm' Ho$ A§VJ©V {Z‘©bm H$m {ddmh ydZ ‘mohZ go Bgr{bE Zht hmo nm¶m
³¶m|{H$ {Z‘©bm Ho$ {nVm H$s ‘¥Ë¶w Ho$ ~mX A~ CgHo$ n[admaOZ CgH$s emXr ‘| XhoO H$s ‘m±J H$mo
nyam H$a Zht gH$Vo & wdZ ‘mohZ H$m H$WZ hr Bg V϶ H$m à‘mU h¡ {H$ emXr Ho$ {bE XhoO
138
H$s ³¶m Ah{‘¶V h¡ - wdZ - ""Bg‘| e‘© H$s H$m¡Z-gr ~mV h¡ ? én¶| {H$go H$mQ>Vo h¢ ?
bmI én¶o Vmo bmI OÝ‘ ‘| ^r Z O‘m H$a nmD±$Jm & Bg gmb nmg ^r hmo J¶m Vmo H$‘ go H$‘
nm±M gmb VH$ én¶o H$s gyaV ZOa Z Am¶oJr & {’$a gm¡-Xmo-gm¡ én¶o ‘{hZo H$‘mZo bJy±Jm &
nm±M-N>… VH$ nhþ±MVo nhþ±MVo C‘« Ho$ VrZ ^mJ ~rV Om¶|Jo & én¶o O‘m H$aZo H$s Zm¡~V hr Z
Am¶oJr & Xþ{Z¶m H$m Hw$N> ‘Om Z CR>m gHy±$Jm & {H$gr YZr H$s b‹S>H$s go emXr hmo OmVr Vmo M¡Z
go H$Q>Vr & ‘¢ Á¶mXm Zht MmhVm; ~g EH$ bmI ZH$X hmo, ¶m {’$a H$moB© Eogr Om¶XmX dmbr
~odm {‘bo {OgHo$ EH$ hr b‹S>H$s hmo &''
a§Jrbr-""Mmho Am¡aV H¡$gr hr {‘bo &''
wdZ-""YZ gmao Eo~m| H$mo {N>nm XoJm & ‘wPo dh Jm{b¶m± ^r gwZm¶o, Vmo ^r My± Z H$ê±$ &
XþYmé Jm¶ H$s bmV {H$go ~war ‘mby‘ hmoVr h¡ &''41414141
ào‘M§X {Og g‘¶ H$s ~mV H$aVo h¢, Cg g‘¶ H$mo XoIVo hþE Eogm àVrV hmoVm h¢ {H$
emXr-ã¶mh Ho$ ‘m‘bo ‘| XhoO EH$ A{Zdm¶© añ‘ Wr & {OgHo$ A^md ‘| b‹S>H$s H$m ã¶mh CgHo$
AZwHy$b VWm ¶mo½¶ Ka ‘| hmoZm g§^d hr Zht Wm & g‘mO ‘| Eogo bmoJ ~hþV H$‘ Wo Omo {~Zm
XhoO {b¶o ¶m {X¶o AnZo ~oQ>o-~o{Q>¶m| H$s emXr H$admVo Wo & ào‘M§X na Am¶©g‘mO H$m à^md
{deof ê$n go n‹S>m Wm & AV… do Bg àWm H$m Kmoa {damoY ^r H$aVo ah| Am¡a BgHo$ Xþîn[aUm‘m| H$mo
AnZo Cnݶmgm| ‘| {dñVma nyd©H$ Xem©¶m ^r h¡ & Bgr{bE XhoO àWm H$mo EH$ gm‘m{OH$ A{^emn
‘mZVo hþE XhoO boZo Am¡a XhoO XoZo dmbm| Ho$ {Ibm’$ "{Z‘©bm' ‘| AnZo {dMmam| H$mo Hw$N> ¶m|
àñVwV {H$¶m h¡ - ""~wam [admO h¡, ~ohX ~wam ! ‘oam ~g Mbo Vmo XhoO boZo dmbm| Am¡a XhoO XoZo
dmbm| XmoZm| H$mo hr Jmobr ‘ma Xÿ±; hm± gmh~, gm’$ Jmobr ‘ma Xÿ±; {’$a Mmho ’$m±gr hr ³¶m| Z hmo
Om¶ ! nyN>mo, Amn b‹S>Ho$ H$m {ddmh H$aVo h¢ {H$ Cgo ~oMVo h¢ ? AJa AmnH$mo b‹S>Ho$ H$s emXr
‘| {Xb ImobH$a IM© H$aZo H$m Aa‘mZ h¡ Vmo em¡H$ go IM© H$s{OE bo{H$Z Omo Hw$N> H$s{OE,
AnZo ~b na & ¶h ³¶m {H$ H$ݶm Ho$ {nVm H$m Jbm ao{VE & ZrMVm h¡, Kmoa ZrMVm ! ‘oar ~g
Mbo, Vmo BZ nm{O¶m| H$mo Jmobr ‘ma Xÿ± &''42424242
139
O¡gm {H$ nhbo hr Bg ~mV H$m CëboI H$a {b¶m J¶m h¡ {H$ ào‘M§X ¶wJ ‘| Eogr ~hþV
gr gm‘m{OH$ ê${‹T>¶m± Ed§ Hw$-àWmE± ‘m¡OwX Wr, {OgH$s O‹S>o H$m{’$ ‘O~yV Wr & VËH$mbrZ
gm‘m{OH$ Am§XmobZm| Ho$ n[aUm‘ ñdê$n do O‹S>o hrb Vmo Adí¶ J¶r Wr & {H$ÝVw AnZo ‘yb g‘oV
IË‘ Zht hmo gH$s Wr & ‘ܶ dJ© ‘| Vmo ¶o O‹S>o BVZr ‘O~yV Wr {H$ ì¶{³V MmhH$a ^r CZgo
‘w{³V Zht nm gH$Vm Wm & g~go ~‹S>r {d{MÌ Am¡a AmíM¶©OZH$ ~mV Vmo ¶h h¡ {H$ ào‘M§X ñd¶§
Eogr Hw$àWmAm| Ho$ {Ibm’$ Wo {H$ÝVw {’$a ^r CÝh| AnZr EH$bm¡Vr nwÌr Ho$ {ddmh ‘| XhoO XoZm
n‹S>m Wm & S>m°. H$‘b {H$emoa Jmo¶ZH$m Ho$ EH$ Aܶ¶Z - "ào‘M§X… Aܶ¶Z H$s Z¶r {XemE±' ‘|
Bg V϶ na àH$me S>mbVo hþE {bIm h¡ - "ào‘M§X XhoO Ho$ Xþîn[aUm‘m| go ^br^m±{V n[a{MV Wo
Am¡a CÝhm|Zo AnZo boIZ go Bg gm‘m{OH$ A{^emn H$mo g‘yb g‘mßV H$aZo H$s nyar Moï>m H$s;
bo{H$Z A~ Omo Z¶o V϶ CnbãY hþE h¢, CZgo ¶h àH$Q> hmoVm h¡ {H$ do AnZo ì¶{³VJV OrdZ
‘| XhoO Ho$ à^md go ñd¶§ H$mo Z ~Mm gHo$ & CZH$s EH$ ‘mÌ nwÌr H$‘bm O~ {ddmh ¶mo½¶ hþB©
Vmo CÝhm|Zo CgHo$ {bE ¶mo½¶ da H$s Vbme Ama§^ H$a Xr & A§V ‘| gmJa {Zdmgr lr XeaWbmb
Ho$ gmbo lr dmgwXod go H$‘bm H$m {ddmh hmoZm {ZpíMV hmo J¶m & BgH$s gyMZm lr X¶mZmam¶U
{ZJ‘ H$mo XoVo hþE ào‘M§X Zo 21 ’$adar, 1929 H$mo AnZo nÌ ‘| {bIm- "AmnH$mo ¶h OmZH$a
‘ga©V hmoJr {H$ ~oQ>r H$s emXr {Obm gmJa Ho$ EH$ ‘wV‘pìdb (g§nÝZ) ImZXmZ ‘| V¶ hmo J¶r
h¡ & dh bmoJ ¶hm± Am¶o Wo Am¡a H$b dmng JE h¢ & Xmo-Mma amoO ‘| ~aÀN>o H$s añ‘ AXm H$aZo
OmD±$Jm & b‹S>H$m ~r.E. ‘| n‹T>Vm h¡ & Om¶XmX ‘mHy$‘ h¡, ‘Ja gµ’$m© Mma hOma H$m h¡ & ‘oar
wJV Hw$N> Xmo hOma H$s h¡ &'44443333 Bg {df¶ H$s àm‘m{UH$Vm Ho$ g§X © ‘| CÝhm|Zo ñd¶§ EH$ ~ma
ào‘M§X H$s nwÌr H$‘bmXodr go ~mVMrV H$s Wr Vmo CÝhm|Zo ^r Bg ~mV na àH$me S>mbVo hþE H$hm
Wm {H$ ~m~yOr Zo {ddmh ‘| gmV hOma IM© {H$¶o Wo & Cg g‘¶ H$s n[apñW{V¶m| Ho$ H$maU CÝho§
^r XhoO XoZm n‹S>m Wm & Bg àH$ma XoIm Om¶ Vmo ¶h Bg àWm H$s ^¶§H$aVm hr Vmo h¡ {OgZo
"ào‘M§X O¡go boIH$ H$mo ^r AnZr ‘mݶVmAm| Ho$ {dn[aV nwÌr Ho$ {ddmh ‘| XhoO XoZm ñdrH$ma
H$aZm n‹S>m & ¶h pñW{V Bg àWm H$s ^¶§H$aVm Ed§ X~md H$s ÚmoVH$ Vmo h¡ hr, gmW hr AmXe©
140
Ed§ ¶WmW© Ho$ A§Va H$mo ñnï> H$aVo hþE Bg ~mV H$m à‘mU h¡ {H$ ào‘M§X H$mo ^r gm‘m{OH$
~wamB¶m| go g‘Pm¡Vm H$aZm n‹S>m &'44444444
AZ‘ob {ddmh Zmar Ho$ gwI‘¶ OrdZ H$mo Vhg-Zhg H$a XoZo dmbr g~go ‘O~yV H$‹S>r
ahr h¡ & ¶o AZ‘ob {ddmh à‘wI ê$n go Xmo àH$ma Ho$ hmoVo Wo - (1) Am¶w/C‘«H$mb AZ‘ob
{ddmh Am¡a (2) ñd^mdJV AZ‘ob {ddmh & ào‘M§X ¶wJ ‘| XmoZm| Vah Ho$ AZ‘ob {ddmh XoIZo
H$mo {‘bVo h¢ & "à{Vkm' Ho$ H$‘bmàgmX Am¡a gw{‘Ìm, "H$‘© y{‘' Ho$ A‘a Am¡a gwIXm VWm
"godmgXZ' Ho$ JOmYa Am¡a gw‘Z H$m ñd^md nañna EH$-Xÿgao go {~bHw$b hr {^ÝZ h¡ &
ñd^mdJV AZ‘ob H$s Anojm C‘«JV AZ‘ob {ddmh ~hþV hr IVaZmH$ hmoVm h¡ & "¶hm± ¶h
ñnï> H$a XoZm Amdí¶H$ h¡ {H$ ào‘M§X n{V-nËZr Ho ñd^md d¡få¶ H$s Anojm Am¶w Ho$ A§Va H$mo
A{YH$ ^¶§H$a ‘mZVo h¢ & ñd^md d¡få¶ hmoZo na n{V-nËZr Wmo‹S>r gr CXmaVm Am¡a g{hîUwVm
AnZmH$a ñd¶§ H$mo EH$-Xÿgao Ho$ AZwHy$b ~Zm gH$Vo h¢ & bo{H$Z Am¶w Ho$ A§Va H$m Vmo H$moB©
{ZamH$aU hr Zht h¡ & ³¶m|{H$ Z Vmo ¶wdVr ór àm¡‹T>m ¶m d¥Õ ~Z gH$Vr h¡ Am¡a Z hr àm¡‹T> ¶m
d¥Õ nwéf ¶wdH$ ~Z gH$Vm h¡ & ào‘M§X H$s Ñ{ï> ‘| YZ-d¡^d H$mo Ñ{ï> ‘| aIH$a H$ݶm H$m
{ddmh Hw$nmÌ go H$a XoZm A˶§V {ZÝXZr¶ Ed§ b‚mmñnX h¡ & ¶wdVr ór d¥Õ Ho$ gmW H$^r
àgÝZ Zht ah gH$Vr, Mmho dh {H$VZm hr A‘ra hmo & Bg{bE {H$gr YZr d¥Õ H$s Anojm Jar~
go H$ݶm H$m {ddmh H$a XoZm H$ht C{MV h¡ &'45454545 ào‘M§X ¶wJ ‘| àm¶… {OVZo ^r (C‘«JV) AZ‘ob
{ddmh nm¶o OmVo Wo, CgHo$ ‘yb ‘| XhoO H$s Hw$àWm hr {Oå‘oXma Wr & ào‘M§X Zo AnZo
"godmgXZ' VWm "{Z‘©bm' Cnݶmg ‘| Eogo AZ‘ob {ddmhm| Ho$ n[aUm‘ñdê$n Zmar H$s hþB© XþX©em
H$m {deX {ddoMZ àñVwV {H$¶m h¡; {H$ {H$g àH$ma C{MV XhoO Ho$ A^md ‘| EH$ H$mo‘bm§{JZr
H$ݶm H$mo Hw$nmÌ Ho$ Jbo ‘‹T> {X¶m OmVm h¡ & Ohm± n{V-nËZr H$s Am¶w ‘| Agm‘mݶ A§Va hmoVm
h¡ dhm± Yrao-Yrao CZHo$ Amngr gå~ÝYm| ‘| ^r VZmd Ed§ g§Kf© CËnÝZ hmo hr OmVm h¡ & Bg
pñW{V H$m dU©Z H$aVo hþE ào‘M§X Zo AnZo "{Z‘©bm' Cnݶmg ‘| {bIm h¡ - "bo{H$Z {Z‘©bm H$mo
Z OmZo ³¶m| VmoVmam‘ Ho$ nmg ~¡R>Zo Am¡a h±gZo-~mobZo ‘| g§H$moM hmoVm Wm & BgH$m H$Xm{MV ¶h
H$maU Wm {H$ A~ VH$ Eogm hr EH$ AmX‘r CgH$m {nVm Wm, {OgHo$ gm‘Zo dh {ga PwH$mH$a,
141
Xoh MwamH$a {ZH$bVr Wr; A~ CZH$r AdñWm H$m EH$ AmX‘r CgH$m n{V Wm & dh Cgo ào‘ H$s
dñVw Zht, gå‘mZ H$s dñVw g‘PVr Wt & CZgo ^mJVr {’$aVr, CZH$mo XoIVo hr CgH$s à’w$ëbVm
nbm¶Z H$a OmVr Wr & ...{Z‘©bm O~ dóm yfUm| go Ab§H¥$V hmoH$a AmBZo Ho$ gm‘Zo I‹S>r hmoVr
Am¡a Cg‘| AnZo gm¢X¶© H$s gwf‘mnyU© Am^m XoIVr, Vmo CgH$m öX¶ EH$ {dV¥îU H$m‘Zm go V‹S>n
CR>Vm Wm & Cg d³V CgHo$ öX¶ ‘| EH$ Ádmbm gr CR>Vr & ‘Z ‘| AmVm Bg Ka ‘| AmJ bJm
Xÿ± & AnZr ‘mVm na H«$moY AmVm na g~go A{YH$ H«$moY ~oMmao {ZanamY VmoVmam‘ na AmVm & dh
gX¡d Bg Vmn go Obm H$aVr & ~m±H$m gdma bX²Xy> Q>Åz> na gdma hmoZm H$~ ngÝX H$aoJm, Mmho Cgo
n¡Xb hr ³¶m| Z MbZm n‹S>o ? {Z‘©bm H$s Xem Cgr ~m±Ho$ gdma H$s gr Wr & dh Cg na gdma
hmoH$a C‹S>Zm MmhVr Wr, Cg Cëbmg‘¶r {dÚwV J{V H$m AmZ§X CR>mZm MmhVr Wr, Q>Åz> Ho$
{hZ{hZmZo Am¡a H$Zm¡{V¶m± I‹S>r H$aZo go ³¶m Amem hmoVr ?'46464646
Bg àH$ma ào‘M§X ¶wJ ‘| Zmar H$s Omo pñW{V XoIZo H$mo {‘bVr h¡ dh AnZo nyd©dVu g‘¶
go H$m{’$ Hw$N> AÀN>r Wr, CZ‘| gwYma Adí¶ hmo ahm Wm bo{H$Z Bg ¶wJ ‘| A^r ^r CgH$s
X¶Zr¶ AdñWm Ho$ {MÌ ¶Ì-VÌ Adí¶ {‘b OmVo h¢ & amOZr{VH$ Ñ{ï> go Cgo Wmo‹S>r ~hþV
ñdV§ÌVm Adí¶ {‘br Wr {H$ÝVw gm‘m{OH$ ñVa na A^r ^r dh nwamZo ~§YZm| go gd©Wm ‘w³V
Zht Wr & Bg nwéf dM©ñd Zo Zmar H$mo AnZm Jwbm‘ ~Zm {b¶m h¡ & O~ VH$ Xoe ‘| nwéf dM©ñd
~Zm ahoJm V~ VH$ Zmar H$s pñW{V ‘| g§nyU© gwYma Am nmZm g§^d Zht h¡ ³¶m|{H$ Bg nwéf àYmZ
g‘mO ‘| Zmar H$m ñWmZ H$^r àW‘ XO} na Am Zht gH$Vm & AmPmXr Ho$ BVZo dfm] Ho$ ~mX ^r
AmO h‘ XoI aho h¢ {H$ Xoe Vmo AmPmX hmo J¶m ‘Ja Zmar H$s Xem Vmo Jwbm‘ H$s Jwbm‘ hr
ahr & AmO H$b amoO Am¶o {XZ AI~mam| ‘| {H$gr EH$ nÝZo na {H$gr Z {H$gr ‘{hbm H$s XX©
^ar XmñVmZ N>nr {‘b OmVr h¡ & {OZ‘| H$moB© ‘mgy‘ Am¡aV {H$grHo$ hdg H$s {eH$ma ~Zr hmoVr
h¡, Vmo H$moB© AnZo n{V Ûmam ˶mJ Xr JB© hmoVr h¡ & H$moB© AnZo ggwamb dmbm| Ho$ A˶mMma H$m
^moJ ~Zr hmoVr h¡ & BZ‘| go {H$grH$mo Oha XoH$a ‘ma {X¶m OmVm h¡, Vmo {H$grH$mo {OÝXm Obm¶m
OmVm h¡ & {H$grH$mo ‘O~yaZ doí¶m ~ZZm n‹S>Vm h¡, Vmo {H$grH$mo doí¶m ~ZZo na ‘O~ya {H$¶m
OmVm h¡ & ¶{X dV©‘mZ g‘¶ ‘| ^r Zmar H$s ¶h pñW{V XoIZo H$mo {‘bVr h¡, Vmo ào‘M§X H$m ¶wJ
142
Vmo AmPmXr go nyd© H$m ¶wJ Wm, {Og‘| g‘J« Xoe Jwbm‘r H$s P§Pram| ‘| OH$‹S>m hþAm Wm & Eogo ‘|
Zmar H$s ³¶m pñW{V ahr hmoJr ? BgH$m h‘ ghO hr AZw‘mZ bJm gH$Vo h¢ &
143
g§X^g§X^g§X^g§X^ ©© ©©
1. "ào‘M§X Ho$ Cnݶmgm| ‘| gm§ñH¥${VH$ MoVZm' … S>m°. gw^Ðm {Z˶mZ§X nQ>ob
n¥ð> (boIH$s¶ go)
2. "CnݶmgH$ma ào‘M§X' (‘w§er ào‘M§X H$s Cnݶmg H$bm H$m {deX {ddoMZ)
g§.-S>m°. gwaoeMÝÐ JwßV - n¥ð> - 60
3. "ào‘M§X gm{h˶ ‘| ì¶{³V Am¡a g‘mO' … S>m°. ajm nwar - n¥ð>- 48-49
4. "ào‘M§X Ho$ Cnݶmgm| ‘| g‘gm‘{¶H$ n[apñW{V¶m| H$m à{V’$bZ' … S>m°. gamoO àgmX
(Am‘wI go) - n¥ð>- 1
5. "AmbmoMZm' Cnݶmg {deofm§H$ … S>m°. am‘aVZ ^Q>ZmJa
(ào‘M§X ¶wJ, AmXem}Ý‘wI ¶WmW©dmX) - n¥ð>-83
6. "ào‘M§X Ho$ Cnݶmgm| ‘| g‘gm‘[¶H$ n[apñW{V¶m| H$m à{V’$bZ' … S>m°. gamoO àgmX
n¥ð>- 96-97
7. dhr - n¥ð>-98
8. dhr - n¥ð>-98
9. "ào‘M§X H$m Zmar-{MÌU' … S>m°. JrVmbmb - n¥ð>-2
10. "ào‘M§X Ho$ Cnݶmgm| ‘| g‘gm‘[¶H$ n[apñW{V¶m| H$m à{V’$bZ' … S>m°. gamoO àgmX
n¥ð>- 99-100
11. dhr - n¥ð>-101
12. "ào‘M§X Zmar-{MÌU' … S>m°. JrVmbmb - n¥ð>- 2-3
13. dhr - y{‘H$m go - n¥ð>-10
14. "{hÝXr$Cnݶmgm| ‘| Zmar' … S>m°. e¡b añVmoJr - n¥ð>-50-51
15. dhr - n¥ð>-52
16. "{hÝXr Cnݶmg gm{h˶ H$m gm§ñH¥${VH$ Aܶ¶Z' S>m°. a‘oe {Vdmar - n¥ð>- 102-103
17. "{hÝXr$Cnݶmgm| ‘| Zmar' … S>m°. e¡b añVmoJr - n¥ð>- 51-52
144
18. "ào‘M§X Ho$ Cnݶmgm| ‘| g‘gm‘[¶H$ n[apñW{V¶m| H$m à{V’$bZ' … S>m°. gamoO àgmX
n¥ð>- 103
19. "{hÝXr$Cnݶmgm| ‘| Zmar' … S>m°. e¡b añVmoJr - n¥ð>- 60
20. "{hÝXr$Ho$ gm‘m{OH$ Cnݶmgm| ‘| Zmar' … S>m°. aoIm Hw$bH$Uu ( y{‘H$m go) - n¥ð>- 8-9
21. "{hÝXr$Cnݶmg gm{h˶ H$m gm§ñH¥${VH$ Aܶ¶Z' … S>m°. a‘oe {Vdmar - n¥ð>- 102
22. "H$~ra J«§Wmdbr' … g§. S>m°. ‘mVmàgmX JwßV - n¥ð>- 179
23. dhr - n¥ð>-68-69
24. "{hÝXr$Cnݶmg gm{h˶ H$m gm§ñH¥${VH$ Aܶ¶Z' … S>m°. a‘oe {Vdmar - n¥ð>- 104-105
25. "{hÝXr$Ho$ gm‘m{OH$ Cnݶmgm| ‘| Zmar' … S>m°. aoIm Hw$bH$Uu ( y{‘H$m go) - n¥ð>-9
26. "{hÝXr$Cnݶmg ‘| Zmar-{MÌU' … S>m°. {~ÝXþ AJ«dmb - n¥ð>-29
27. "{~Xm' … àVmnZmam¶U lrdmñVd - n¥ð>- 183
28. "{hÝXr$Cnݶmg ‘| Zmar-{MÌU' … S>m°. {~ÝXþ AJ«dmb - n¥ð>- 29
29. "¶emoYam' … ‘¡{WbreaU JwßV- n¥ð>- 59
30. "ào‘M§X gm{h˶ ‘| ì¶{³V Am¡a g‘mO' … S>m°. ajm nwar - n¥ð>-50
31. "ào‘M§X - H$b‘ H$m {gnmhr' … A‘¥Vam¶ - n¥ð>-46
32. "ào‘M§X H$m Zmar {MÌU' … S>m°. JrVmbmb - n¥ð>-3
33. dhr - n¥ð>-4
34. dhr - n¥ð>-4
35. "‘{hbmAm| go ' … Jm§YrOr - n¥ð>-29
36. "ào‘M§X H$m Zmar-{MÌU' … S>m°. JrVmbmb - n¥ð>-5
37. dhr - n¥ð>-6
38. "CÕma' ‘mZgamoda ^mJ-3 … ‘w§er ào‘M§X - n¥ð>-38
39. "ào‘M§X H$m Zmar-{MÌU' … S>m°. JrVmbmb - n¥ð>-6-7
40. "ào‘M§X ¶wJ H$m {hÝXr Cnݶmg' … S>m°. ‘mohZbmb "aËZmH$a' - n¥ð>-192
145
41. "{Z‘©bm' … ‘w§er ào‘M§X - n¥ð>-25-26
42. dhr - n¥ð>-19
43. "ào‘M§X … Aܶ¶Z H$s Z¶r {XemE±' … S>m°. H$‘b{H$emoa Jmo¶ZH$m - n¥ð>-17-18
44. dhr - n¥ð>-19
45. "ào‘M§X gm{h˶ ‘| ì¶{³V Am¡a g‘mO' … S>m°. ajm nwar - n¥ð>-133
46. "{Z‘©bm' … ‘w§er ào‘M§X - n¥ð>-36-37