ATELEKTASIS-PPT
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ATELEKTASISDisusun Oleh:
Siti Isye Nasrifah,Hj
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PENDAHULUAN : ANATOMI
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DEFINISI ATELEKTASIS
• Greek ateles & ektasis : gangguan pengembangan • Berkurangnya volume sebagian atau seluruh
paru / kolaps alveoli yang menimbulkan “radiologic sign”• Berdasarkan patofisiologi penyebab
atelektasis dibedakan menjadi obstruktif dan non obstruktif
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PATOFISIOLOGI
ATELEKTASIS OBSTRUKTIF tersering Obstruksi pada bronkus
hubungan trakea dg alveoli terganggu
Penyebab: benda asing, mukus plug, tumor endobronkial.
ATELEKTASIS NON OBSTRUKTIF
Hilangnya kontak pleura visceral & parietalis, kompresi, hilangnya surfaktan (atelektasis adhesiv), scar/fibrosis parenkim paru dan penyakit infiltratif (necrotizing pneumonia, brochoalveolar Ca)
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Right middle lobe syndrome
Atelektasis lobus medius kanan/ lingulaDisebabkan obstruksi krn kelainan
ektraluminal (oleh limfonodi) atau intraluminal
Manifestasi primer Sjogren syndrome
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TIPE ATELEKTASIS
1. ATELEKTASIS RESORBSI2. ATELEKTASIS KOMPRESI3. ATELEKTASIS ADHESIVE4. ATELEKTASIS KONTRAKSI/ SIKATRIKS5. ATELEKTASIS REPLACEMENT
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ATELEKTASIS RESORBSI
Mekanisme terjadinya1. Sumbatan saluran napas2. Rendahnya ventilasi
dibandingkan dengan perfusiSumbatan saluran napas
udara terperangkap aliran udara tdk terjadi, ambilan udara oleh sirkulasi darah tetap berlangsung kantung udara kolaps FiO2 ↑
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ATELEKTASIS RESORBSI
Penyebab :a. Mukus plug ( pasca operasi, eksudat pada
bronkus pada asma dan bronkitis kronik )b.Aspirasi benda asingc. Neoplasma endobronkiald.Pembesaran limfonodi yg menekan bronkus
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ATELEKTASIS KOMPRESIDisebabkan karena rongga
peura terisi oleh cairan, darah, tumor ataupun udara
Terjadi pada kasusa. Efusi pleurab.Mesotelioma & metastasis ke
pleurac. Pneumotoraks
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ATELEKTASIS ADHESIVE
• Disebabkan disfungsi surfaktan• ↓ produksi atau inaktivasi surfaktan
instabilitas dan kolaps alveoli• Terjadi pada ARDS, radiasi akut pneumonitis,
kontusio paru• Disfungsi surfaktan bs disebabkan anestesi
Kombinasi anestesi halotan dg konsentrasi oksigen tinggi ↑permeabilitas barier alveolar-capilary ↑ volume tidal pelepasan surfaktan
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ATELEKTASIS KONTRAKSI/ SIKATRIKS
Disebabkan fibrotisasi di parenkim paru berakibat gangguan pengembangan paru
Etiologi :a. Granulomatous diseaseb. Sekuele pada TBc. Necrotizing pneumoniad. Pneumoconiosese. Colagen vascular disease
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ATELEKTASIS REPLACEMENT• Terjadi pada alveoli yang terisi tumor
(bronchoalveolar Ca) hilangnya volume
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GEJALA KLINIS
Kesulitan bernapas, napas tidak longgar Nyeri dada batuk
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PEMERIKSAAN PENUNJANG
• FOTO TORAKS• CT SCAN• BRONKOSKOPI
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Sign / tanda atelektasis
DIRECT SIGN• Bergesernya /
tertariknya fisura mayor atau minor ke arah atelektasis
• Opasitas pada bagian paru yg kolaps
• ↑pembuluh darah pulmoner (bronkovaskuler)
INDIRECT SIGN• Displacement of hilar
structure (katan’s triangle sign)
• Penarikan organ mediastinum ke sisi yg kolaps
• Sela iga menyempit• Penarikan Diafragma
(juxtaphrenic peak sign)• Penarikan Trakea
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ATELEKTASIS TOTAL PARU KANAN
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ATELEKTASIS TOTAL PARU
KIRI
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ATELEKTASIS LOBUS ATAS
KANAN
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ATELEKTASIS LOBUS MEDIUS KANAN
NORMAL
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ATELEKTASIS LOBUS MEDIUS KANANFOTO TORAKS LATERAL
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ATELEKASIS LOBUS BAWAH KANAN
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ATELEKTASIS LOBUS ATAS KIRI
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ATELEKTASIS LOBUS BAWAH KIRI
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TERIMA KASIH