Astiki Geografia
-
Upload
anna-spanou -
Category
Documents
-
view
215 -
download
0
Transcript of Astiki Geografia
-
8/11/2019 Astiki Geografia
1/64
1
.
E
2012-2013
-
8/11/2019 Astiki Geografia
2/64
2
: , 2
: 22
: 36
52
-
8/11/2019 Astiki Geografia
3/64
3
K : ,
1.
.
:
(, , )
-
-
(.. )
- -
:
,
,
, ..,
.
2.
,
T. Hall, 1. ,
, , .
.
1imHall (2005) , .. , : , . 28-29, (. . , . )
-
8/11/2019 Astiki Geografia
4/64
4
,
, ,
, ,
. ,
. ,
,
, , .. ,
:
()
3.
3.1
,
... .
,
.
-
8/11/2019 Astiki Geografia
5/64
5
,
,
. , .
.
35-40%
, 19 1913
50-55% . ,
o. , 1897 , 25%
, 1882
53%
. ,
. , ,
,
, .
, 19
.
, 19
. ,
.
,
, .. , ,
. , .
. , .
12 14 , ,
6-8 .
,
. 19 , ,
.
,
,
.
-
8/11/2019 Astiki Geografia
6/64
6
: ,
, .
,
, , .., , ,
.
(1820)
(1830-1850),
.
, .
,
, , .
,
1830 .,
. , 1850,
-
8/11/2019 Astiki Geografia
7/64
7
. 1920-1930
2.
, :
-
-
- ,
-
3:
. .
- -: (
, ,
, )
- :
- : (1760-1830), , 1830
, , ,
( )
-
,
.
( ,
, , ,
( factory system domestic system)
, ( ,
, , ), 18
, ,
, .
2 .
http://www.uadphilecon.gr/UA/content/gr/Article.aspx?office=16&folder=308&article=1165
3Leonardo Benevolo (1997), , 5. :
http://www.uadphilecon.gr/UA/content/gr/Article.aspx?office=16&folder=308&article=1165http://www.uadphilecon.gr/UA/content/gr/Article.aspx?office=16&folder=308&article=1165http://www.uadphilecon.gr/UA/content/gr/Article.aspx?office=16&folder=308&article=1165 -
8/11/2019 Astiki Geografia
8/64
8
. ,
. ,
, R. Owen, Fourier
( ),
, :
.
(.. )
, .. .
,
, ,
.
:
Sybil: The two nations Disraeli (1845), South and NorthElizabeth Gaskell (1848)
Hard Times Charles Dickens (1854)
he Condition of the Working Class in England (1844) Frederick Engels (1844) .
. ,
19 20 ,
.
-
8/11/2019 Astiki Geografia
9/64
9
Manchester 1801
-
8/11/2019 Astiki Geografia
10/64
10
3.2
.
,
. :
The City (1925) Robert Park, Ernest Burgess R.D. McKenzie, The Urban Community
(1926) Ernest Burgess,
The Gold Coast and the Slum(1929) H. Zorbaugh
One Hundred Years of Land Values in Chicago (1933) H.Hoyt .
. ,
Burgess
Hoyt,
.
Mann (1965) 4.
4. :
http://www.urenio.org/el/wp-content/uploads/2008/10/21-Xoriki-diataxi-Theories-Xorothetisis.pdf
http://www.urenio.org/el/wp-content/uploads/2008/10/21-Xoriki-diataxi-Theories-Xorothetisis.pdfhttp://www.urenio.org/el/wp-content/uploads/2008/10/21-Xoriki-diataxi-Theories-Xorothetisis.pdfhttp://www.urenio.org/el/wp-content/uploads/2008/10/21-Xoriki-diataxi-Theories-Xorothetisis.pdf -
8/11/2019 Astiki Geografia
11/64
11
Burgess
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
:http://www.urenio.org/el/wp-content/uploads/2008/10/21-Xoriki-diataxi-Theories
Xorothetisis.pdf
http://www.urenio.org/el/wp-content/uploads/2008/10/21-Xoriki-diataxi-Theories%20Xorothetisis.pdfhttp://www.urenio.org/el/wp-content/uploads/2008/10/21-Xoriki-diataxi-Theories%20Xorothetisis.pdfhttp://www.urenio.org/el/wp-content/uploads/2008/10/21-Xoriki-diataxi-Theories%20Xorothetisis.pdfhttp://www.urenio.org/el/wp-content/uploads/2008/10/21-Xoriki-diataxi-Theories%20Xorothetisis.pdfhttp://www.urenio.org/el/wp-content/uploads/2008/10/21-Xoriki-diataxi-Theories%20Xorothetisis.pdfhttp://www.urenio.org/el/wp-content/uploads/2008/10/21-Xoriki-diataxi-Theories%20Xorothetisis.pdf -
8/11/2019 Astiki Geografia
12/64
12
2
Hoyt
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
: http://www.urenio.org/el/wp-content/uploads/2008/10/21-Xoriki-diataxi-Theories
Xorothetisis.pdf
http://www.urenio.org/el/wp-content/uploads/2008/10/21-Xoriki-diataxi-Theories%20Xorothetisis.pdfhttp://www.urenio.org/el/wp-content/uploads/2008/10/21-Xoriki-diataxi-Theories%20Xorothetisis.pdfhttp://www.urenio.org/el/wp-content/uploads/2008/10/21-Xoriki-diataxi-Theories%20Xorothetisis.pdfhttp://www.urenio.org/el/wp-content/uploads/2008/10/21-Xoriki-diataxi-Theories%20Xorothetisis.pdfhttp://www.urenio.org/el/wp-content/uploads/2008/10/21-Xoriki-diataxi-Theories%20Xorothetisis.pdf -
8/11/2019 Astiki Geografia
13/64
13
3
Mann
: Knowles Waring (1976:245) &http://www.answers.com/topic/mann-model
A.
B.
C. ( )
D.
1.
2.
3. C D,
4. 1918 1945
5.
,
, , ,
( ),
, , .., .
1920,
Burgess
Hoyt (. 1,2,3).
http://www.answers.com/topic/mann-modelhttp://www.answers.com/topic/mann-modelhttp://www.answers.com/topic/mann-modelhttp://www.answers.com/topic/mann-model -
8/11/2019 Astiki Geografia
14/64
14
1960,
.
, 1970
(Ley 1983).
Mann o
1965 .
Burgess oyt
.
,
. Mann ,
.
Mann
, .
,
. ,
.
19 20
, (Short 1984: 14-
16).
.
..
. , .., 1800 , , 100.000
, 1891 24 (Ley 1983: 20).
.
...
.
... ,
. ,
-
8/11/2019 Astiki Geografia
15/64
15
, ,
, .
,
.
.
,
.
,
. ,
.
. , 19
. ,
,
. ,
19.
, ,
, .
,
.
,
.
, .
. ,
.
,
.
,
.
Birmingham, ..,
. 20
. , Birmingham
-
8/11/2019 Astiki Geografia
16/64
16
5
3.3 6
,
:
( 1950-60
)
.
1.
2.
,
, -
,
, ..--
(ex nihilo ), ..,
. , ,
38.000 .
- .
,
, , .
5
Tim Hall, .., .32-346Jean - Luc Pinol (2000) 19 , :
-
8/11/2019 Astiki Geografia
17/64
17
4. M:
.
Soja,
,
, , ,
19 . ,
20 ,
(1781).
, 20
20. 1970
, , , :
Metropolis:From the division toLabour to Urban Form(1988) Allen Scott,
Postmodern Geographies: The Reassertion of Space in Critical Social Theory (1989) Ed
Soja
Thirdspace: Journeys to Los Angeles and other Real and Imagined Places (1996) Ed Soja,
City of Quartz : Excavating the future of Los Angeles (1990) Mike Davis
Postmodernism,orthe Cultural logic of Late Capitalism (1992) Frederick Jameson.
The 100 Mille City (1993) Deyan Sudjic..
Tim Hall
.
, , .
,
, , ,
http://search.babylon.com/imageres.php?iu=http://www.bschool.com/media/images/CA/Los_Angeles-Hollywood_boulevard_from_kodak_theatre.jpg&ir=http://www.bschool.com/mba-programs/mba-in-hospitality-and-tourism/california/los-angeles/&ig=http://t3.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcSJdh4BMnjkbejXBSjvnYgj0wOetv_LOLKjD3PQELfZ80eZ1M0P9yUaiN8&h=1000&w=1500&q=Los+Angeles&babsrc=HP_Prothttp://search.babylon.com/imageres.php?iu=http://hqwalls.org/walls/los_angeles_basin_at_night_wallpaper-other.jpg&ir=http://hqwalls.org/los_angeles_basin_at_night_wallpaper-wallpapers.html&ig=http://t2.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcRwHhC5JbF6LExOl64K_1Hrt16UkQ2PqvQ5hu4eo2zZuPLVLBKISI_1_Wfq&h=1388&w=1948&q=Los+Angeles&babsrc=HP_Prothttp://search.babylon.com/imageres.php?iu=http://higherlogicdownload.s3.amazonaws.com/MYEWGA/4ff8a80a-bf78-4f04-be81-38025ffe55f7/UploadedImages/los-angeles.jpg&ir=http://www.ewgala.org/&ig=http://t0.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcSNQZIddk87ry8jFSQn_UE9xv8z8QjdgsSMiBcVFdtyd5570sa_Ww16XV0G&h=785&w=1171&q=Los+Angeles&babsrc=HP_Prot -
8/11/2019 Astiki Geografia
18/64
18
. ,
, , .
Peirce Lewis 1983,
(Knox 1993) .7
:
urban realms model Hartshorn Muller (1989),
,
Soja (1989).
,
-, (edge
city), 8.
;
,
.
, .. (Christoferson Storper 1986),
(Scott 1988) ,
, - (Soja
1995)9.
, .
.
,
.
7Tim Hall, .., . 35-36
8dem 1.4 .36 http://books.google.gr/books?id=_-tU7K-aJEQC&pg=PA13&lpg=PA13&dq=Graham+and+Marvin+(1996:+334)+SOJA&source=bl&ots=pHzRPldLtf&sig=I4H9uR1-OzFmWZm-7CRcOhUYeLM&hl=el&sa=X&ei=K2BDUe-
iNrSS7AayqIDACA&ved=0CCsQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=Graham%20and%20Marvin%20(1996%3A%20334)%20SOJA&f=false ,.139Tim Hall, .., . 36-7
http://books.google.gr/books?id=_-tU7K-aJEQC&pg=PA13&lpg=PA13&dq=Graham+and+Marvin+(1996:+334)+SOJA&source=bl&ots=pHzRPldLtf&sig=I4H9uR1-OzFmWZm-7CRcOhUYeLM&hl=el&sa=X&ei=K2BDUe-iNrSS7AayqIDACA&ved=0CCsQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=Graham%20and%20Marvin%20(1996%3A%20334)%20SOJA&f=falsehttp://books.google.gr/books?id=_-tU7K-aJEQC&pg=PA13&lpg=PA13&dq=Graham+and+Marvin+(1996:+334)+SOJA&source=bl&ots=pHzRPldLtf&sig=I4H9uR1-OzFmWZm-7CRcOhUYeLM&hl=el&sa=X&ei=K2BDUe-iNrSS7AayqIDACA&ved=0CCsQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=Graham%20and%20Marvin%20(1996%3A%20334)%20SOJA&f=falsehttp://books.google.gr/books?id=_-tU7K-aJEQC&pg=PA13&lpg=PA13&dq=Graham+and+Marvin+(1996:+334)+SOJA&source=bl&ots=pHzRPldLtf&sig=I4H9uR1-OzFmWZm-7CRcOhUYeLM&hl=el&sa=X&ei=K2BDUe-iNrSS7AayqIDACA&ved=0CCsQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=Graham%20and%20Marvin%20(1996%3A%20334)%20SOJA&f=falsehttp://books.google.gr/books?id=_-tU7K-aJEQC&pg=PA13&lpg=PA13&dq=Graham+and+Marvin+(1996:+334)+SOJA&source=bl&ots=pHzRPldLtf&sig=I4H9uR1-OzFmWZm-7CRcOhUYeLM&hl=el&sa=X&ei=K2BDUe-iNrSS7AayqIDACA&ved=0CCsQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=Graham%20and%20Marvin%20(1996%3A%20334)%20SOJA&f=falsehttp://books.google.gr/books?id=_-tU7K-aJEQC&pg=PA13&lpg=PA13&dq=Graham+and+Marvin+(1996:+334)+SOJA&source=bl&ots=pHzRPldLtf&sig=I4H9uR1-OzFmWZm-7CRcOhUYeLM&hl=el&sa=X&ei=K2BDUe-iNrSS7AayqIDACA&ved=0CCsQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=Graham%20and%20Marvin%20(1996%3A%20334)%20SOJA&f=falsehttp://books.google.gr/books?id=_-tU7K-aJEQC&pg=PA13&lpg=PA13&dq=Graham+and+Marvin+(1996:+334)+SOJA&source=bl&ots=pHzRPldLtf&sig=I4H9uR1-OzFmWZm-7CRcOhUYeLM&hl=el&sa=X&ei=K2BDUe-iNrSS7AayqIDACA&ved=0CCsQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=Graham%20and%20Marvin%20(1996%3A%20334)%20SOJA&f=falsehttp://books.google.gr/books?id=_-tU7K-aJEQC&pg=PA13&lpg=PA13&dq=Graham+and+Marvin+(1996:+334)+SOJA&source=bl&ots=pHzRPldLtf&sig=I4H9uR1-OzFmWZm-7CRcOhUYeLM&hl=el&sa=X&ei=K2BDUe-iNrSS7AayqIDACA&ved=0CCsQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=Graham%20and%20Marvin%20(1996%3A%20334)%20SOJA&f=falsehttp://books.google.gr/books?id=_-tU7K-aJEQC&pg=PA13&lpg=PA13&dq=Graham+and+Marvin+(1996:+334)+SOJA&source=bl&ots=pHzRPldLtf&sig=I4H9uR1-OzFmWZm-7CRcOhUYeLM&hl=el&sa=X&ei=K2BDUe-iNrSS7AayqIDACA&ved=0CCsQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=Graham%20and%20Marvin%20(1996%3A%20334)%20SOJA&f=falsehttp://books.google.gr/books?id=_-tU7K-aJEQC&pg=PA13&lpg=PA13&dq=Graham+and+Marvin+(1996:+334)+SOJA&source=bl&ots=pHzRPldLtf&sig=I4H9uR1-OzFmWZm-7CRcOhUYeLM&hl=el&sa=X&ei=K2BDUe-iNrSS7AayqIDACA&ved=0CCsQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=Graham%20and%20Marvin%20(1996%3A%20334)%20SOJA&f=falsehttp://books.google.gr/books?id=_-tU7K-aJEQC&pg=PA13&lpg=PA13&dq=Graham+and+Marvin+(1996:+334)+SOJA&source=bl&ots=pHzRPldLtf&sig=I4H9uR1-OzFmWZm-7CRcOhUYeLM&hl=el&sa=X&ei=K2BDUe-iNrSS7AayqIDACA&ved=0CCsQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=Graham%20and%20Marvin%20(1996%3A%20334)%20SOJA&f=false -
8/11/2019 Astiki Geografia
19/64
19
.
. Savage Warde
.
.
20. ,
, 20,
.
,
.
,, ,
,
. :
(edge cities)
,
(paranoid carceral), ,
,
, .. ,
.
O Ed Soja (Soja 1995: 129-37).
,
, .
-
8/11/2019 Astiki Geografia
20/64
20
5. EDGE CITYJoel Garreau, Edge City: L if e on the New Fronti er(1991).
.
, , , .
20
edge city ( )
-
, pepperoni
pizza.
edge city, Joel Garreau :
465.000 ..
56.000 .., .
edge city .
. ,
,
.
edge
, , .
edge ,
, ( ).
.
. 200.
, edge
.
( , .)
( .).
edge
Detroit 1920
. Miracle Mile Wilshire
-
8/11/2019 Astiki Geografia
21/64
21
(automobile-
oriented). edge city Joel Garreau
Tysons Corner D.C.,
.
Miracle Mile,
: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f4/Miraclemile1.jpg
6.
. .
.
; ;
20
,
1970.
-
8/11/2019 Astiki Geografia
22/64
22
,
.
, .
, ,
.
-
- , , , ,
, .
1980.
- ,
-
. , ..
20 , , ..
.
, .. ,
.
- .
. , , ,
.
, , ,
, . ,
:
-
-
-
-
-
8/11/2019 Astiki Geografia
23/64
23
:
1.
1.1 Pinol:
18
.
,
(boulevard, Bollwerk)
.
18-19
()
Cit(, ) ville ()
Town city . town city, .
... Township town .
town (village-city)
,
(, ).
(communes) .
,
.
19 ( urban sanitary
districts
, 1872)
-
8/11/2019 Astiki Geografia
24/64
24
.
1.2
:
1.
2.
3.
4.
, .
. ,
.
. , ..,
300 ,
30.000 .
T. Hall ; ,
, , .., ,
,
.
. ,
.
, ,
(Glass 1989:56, Savage and Warde 1993:2). , ..,
-
, , .
, ( )
. ,
, ,
-
8/11/2019 Astiki Geografia
25/64
25
10.
,
:
(.. Council for the
Protection of Rural England Urban Development Corporations .)
2.
2.1
,
. ,
:
,
,
(
)
2.2 20
2.2.1 ( )
. ( ,site and situation)
20
10Tim Hall, .., . 43-46
-
8/11/2019 Astiki Geografia
26/64
26
( ).
:
1.
,
, .. , .
,
, .
2. .
. (urban morphology)
20 ,
, :
( ).
(
, )
1950 1960
1980
.
, , managers,
11.
2.2.3 (modern approaches)
20
.
. , :
- () ,
, ,
11Tim Hall, .., . 46
-
8/11/2019 Astiki Geografia
27/64
27
-
- , (.. )
.
1. [] :
-
-
-
2. [] :
-
-
-
3. [] ::
[] []:
.
, [ ]: .
-
8/11/2019 Astiki Geografia
28/64
28
. (positivist approach)
H 1950 19
. , 1933 , ,
.
. T. Hall,
, .
:
) (.
Burgess, Hoyt
1 .) Mann.
(..
).
)
.
-
8/11/2019 Astiki Geografia
29/64
29
( )
( ).
,
, .
:
.
(
1970
80)
.
1970 , T. Hall12.
.
:
,
)
.
,
. , :
,
,
.
.
12Tim Hall, .., . 47-49
-
8/11/2019 Astiki Geografia
30/64
30
,
.
.
) .
,
, , . 1969
,
. ,
, , ,
, . , 1960
. Place and Placelessness
Edward Relph (1976) .
, ,
.
.
. : -
. , ,
. H ,
13.
,
,
.
13Tim Hall, .., . 50
-
8/11/2019 Astiki Geografia
31/64
31
. ,
.
Tim Hall, -
1960. ,
,
.
,
.
Tim Hall, -
. , ,
, ,
.
Manuel Castells David Harvey,
- Manuel Castells
. :
1. : (1977)
, .
.
,
.
2. (1983)
.
.
, , .
. ,
.
David Harvey
-
-
8/11/2019 Astiki Geografia
32/64
-
8/11/2019 Astiki Geografia
33/64
33
.
- ,
.., , ,
.
-
14.
.
.
1920
.
, ,
.
.
-,
.
. John Rex Robert
Moore
.
. H - - .
1980 .
,
, ,
. , ,
,
. ,
.
14Tim Hall, .., . 51-54
-
8/11/2019 Astiki Geografia
34/64
34
, ,
.
. Amos Rappaport (1990), ..,
:
,
,
.
. ,
,
.
, , .
,
,
.
James Duncan Kandy
, ,
Ed Soja ,
,
,
Harvey, ..,
:
.
.
, -
.
,
,
.
-
8/11/2019 Astiki Geografia
35/64
35
:
(Cheltenham) (Doncaster). ,
,
15.
. 1990
.
, o
.
. ,
.
, ,
, -
.
.
,
, .., , ,
. , ,
.
. :
, :
- , .
20 20
.
15Tim Hall, .., . 55-59
-
8/11/2019 Astiki Geografia
36/64
36
- , .
.
.
-
8/11/2019 Astiki Geografia
37/64
37
EKTO:
1.
:
, , :
-
- .
, ,
:
-
-
- .
.
Sudjic ,
.
;
-
- , ,
- .
.
,
. ,
-
8/11/2019 Astiki Geografia
38/64
38
. , ,
, .
4
- ,
-
,
,
: imHall (2005) , .. , : , . 28-29, (. . , .
)
-
8/11/2019 Astiki Geografia
39/64
39
2. 1980
:
1.
2.
3.
4.
, .
.
Tim Hall16
1970
1990. .
1973.
. ,
(over investment) ,
.
, .
1980
1990.
,
:
,
.
-
.
.
16 Knox (1991, 1993), Harvey .., Tim Hall, .., . 133-136
-
8/11/2019 Astiki Geografia
40/64
40
, ,
.
, Battery Park , California Plaza
Docklands East End .
.
California Plaza
Battery Park
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Battery_Park.JPGhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:One_California_Plaza.jpg -
8/11/2019 Astiki Geografia
41/64
41
Docklands
,
. Harvey
.
Knox, Graham Marvin,
, ,
.
.
, ..
.
.
, ,, unit dhabitation
Le Corbusier Unit dhabitation.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:08-14-05_Royal_Victoria_Dock.jpg -
8/11/2019 Astiki Geografia
42/64
42
unit dhabitation
.
o
. , - ,
.
, ,
(Harvey 1989a,1989b, Crilley 1993, Knox 1993).
3.
. ,
, ,
. ,
. 1980
.
.
, . ,
1980
.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Roof_level_of_Unite_d'Habitation,_Marseille.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Unite_d'Habitation,_Marseille.jpg -
8/11/2019 Astiki Geografia
43/64
43
4.
Tim Hall,
,
. ,
, .
.
, , .
. ,
, .
, , ,
1980
. ,
, . ,
,
. 1980
.
.
.
, .
, (, ,
) .
, .
1. ( 1945 1955)
.
1960
. ,
,
(Knox 1991).
(Ley 1989).
-
8/11/2019 Astiki Geografia
44/64
44
2. ,
,
.
, . ,
(McCracken 1988, Knox 1991: 183-6, 1993: 19-25, Jackson Holbrook
1995). ,
-
. ,
.17
5. A
1970 1980
5.1., -
1980
. :
-
.
, ,
.
1980 .
.
.
1980
.
:
17Tim Hall, .., . 136-138
-
8/11/2019 Astiki Geografia
45/64
45
,
. Battery Park City ,
La Dfense
, .. , , , .
La Dfense
, ,
.
. ,
, (Harvey 1989b).
,
(Bianchini et al. 1992).
(Bianchini et
al. 1992: 250, Crilley 1993, Hubbard 1996). ,
.
(Knox
1992a),
.
, , ,
.
http://search.babylon.com/imageres.php?iu=http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/39/La_Defense_dsc07138.jpg&ir=http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:La_Defense_dsc07138.jpg&ig=http://t1.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcQYBf4yAKpjEZXT0_RK2LcnhKqsOHu1LAJVYehVdOhlpK_feWB9sbb9gn0&h=1944&w=2592&q=La+D%C3%A9fense&babsrc=HP_Prot -
8/11/2019 Astiki Geografia
46/64
46
.
,
. Hudson,
18.
. (festival retailing)
.
1980,
.
.
.
.
1980
. ,
,
.
.
, (malls)
/
.
. (Harvey 1989a).
.
.
:
18Tim Hall, .., . 139-142
-
8/11/2019 Astiki Geografia
47/64
47
, ,
- .
, . Tim Hall
. ,
, ,
. ,
,
,
1980 199019
.
.
.
. 1980
,
.
,
.
1980
. ,
19Tim Hall, .., . 143-144
-
8/11/2019 Astiki Geografia
48/64
48
, ,
(Bianchini Schwengal 1991)20.
. .
,
1980,
.
. (inner-city): ;
:
1.
2.
,
3. .
T. Hall21 inner-city
. Burgess Hoyt
. ,
. , 19 ,
.
,
.
. ,
.
,
(inner-city). , ,
, ..
20Tim Hall,.., . 145
21Tim Hall, .., .149
-
8/11/2019 Astiki Geografia
49/64
49
. ,
,
.
.
, (Coleman 1973,
Mayne 1993). ,
.
, ,
, , .
, .
. Tim Hall, o
, , , , ,
.
4.
, , . ,
, ..,
. , ,
. :
.
(Leyshon Thrift 1994).
,
, .
(Leyshon Thrift 199422).
22Tim Hall, .., . 150-153
-
8/11/2019 Astiki Geografia
50/64
50
. (gentrification)
(gentrification)
, ,
.
, 1980.
,
(Fincher 1992). , ,
,
. ,
, , ,
, . ,
(,
, .. ,
).
(..,
, )
.
,
.
4.5 23
,
.
.
. 20
, : -,
23Tim Hall, , .., . 154-162
-
8/11/2019 Astiki Geografia
51/64
51
.
.
, .
(Whitehand 1994), (Knox 1991, 1992a,
1993), ,
(Whitehand 1990). ,
, (Moudon 1992, Whitehand et
al. 1992).
5.
, ,
, , , .
, .
:
, ,
.
,
.
.
.
,
.
. ,
.
.
.
,
-
8/11/2019 Astiki Geografia
52/64
-
8/11/2019 Astiki Geografia
53/64
53
:
1.
, ,
.
,
.
.
, , .
.
,
,
1985 .
. ,
,
, 1980
Harvey.
:
1.
2. ,
, ..
3. , .., ,
..
4. ,
,
.
-
8/11/2019 Astiki Geografia
54/64
54
5. ,
(.. Jos
Saramago).
.
6. ,
.
, , ,
.
, , ,
, ..
.
, .., ,
, ,
, .
.
25. ,
20
.
,
, .
25Tim Hall, .., . 165-167
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Saramagohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Saramagohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Saramagohttp://search.babylon.com/imageres.php?iu=http://mpalothia.files.wordpress.com/2013/01/11.jpg&ir=http://kopria.blogspot.com/2013_03_01_archive.html&ig=http://t0.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcQC705lvqlemxA2vzpRS_k8Ki1Eb5_jcBBl1lr_nKBZk8zmq_u1Zz9AV4OF1A&h=2619&w=2342&q=%CF%83%CF%85%CE%BD%CF%84%CE%B1%CE%B3%CE%BC%CE%B1+%CE%B3%CE%B5%CE%B3%CE%BF%CE%BD%CE%BF%CF%84%CE%B1+%CE%B2%CE%B9%CE%B1%CE%B9%CE%B1&babsrc=homehttp://search.babylon.com/imageres.php?iu=http://s.enet.gr/resources/2011-06/syntagma--13-thumb-large.jpg&ir=http://www.enet.gr/?i=news.el.article&id=288556&ig=http://t1.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcTlDzEKkwDvvB42Ly4IjBw9lX4_gr8z-kGHk2icGqXXk539pA7SaAawZ2I&h=407&w=610&q=%CF%83%CF%85%CE%BD%CF%84%CE%B1%CE%B3%CE%BC%CE%B1+%CE%B3%CE%B5%CE%B3%CE%BF%CE%BD%CE%BF%CF%84%CE%B1+%CE%B2%CE%B9%CE%B1%CE%B9%CE%B1&babsrc=homehttp://search.babylon.com/imageres.php?iu=http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_jp6T0vl9ON8/TEhiahy6bqI/AAAAAAAACgc/ndIwkcHsWGU/s1600/8A49530F9E99B698065A27B3602A847F.jpg&ir=http://skipper-troktiko.blogspot.com/2010/07/blog-post_3134.html&ig=http://t1.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcQJT8hMndJroAGLxsoeJ1Hai_Pn8yCFw5gGi0zFG4yqaddyjlPp0qjIgA-2&h=962&w=980&q=%CE%BD%CE%B1%CF%81%CE%BA%CE%BF%CE%BC%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%B5%CE%AF%CF%82&babsrc=homehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Saramagohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Saramago -
8/11/2019 Astiki Geografia
55/64
55
2.
2.1.
. , ,
.
:
.
19 . ,
.
,
,
, , .
, ,
,
. , , ,
, 20
(Ward 1990: 54-62).
, .
, 1930 (Ward 1990; 1994).
,
. , ,
19 , Blackpoll Scarborough
(Ward 1998).
. 20
, , (Gold and Gold, 1990,
1994).
.
.
,
-
8/11/2019 Astiki Geografia
56/64
56
(Ryan 1990, Teather 1991).
.
2.1.
.
1970,
. , , , ,
.
,
:
. ,
,
, (niche markets). ,
,
,
(..
Great British Cities Marketing) (.., Birminghams Marketing
Partnership).
: 1980
, .
(Urban Development Corporations) .
:
,
.
.
, ,
. ,
, .
, . ,
(inertia) ,
-
8/11/2019 Astiki Geografia
57/64
57
,
:
-
-
-
-
.
,
, ,
.
, 1980
.
. , ,
,
.
, , .
, ,
, ,
(Watson
1991:63).
.
,
. ,
70,
.
,
.
, .
,
.
-
8/11/2019 Astiki Geografia
58/64
58
,
.
, ,
,
. ,
, ,
. ,
, .
2.2.
,
.
.
(Fretter 1993:165, Holcomb 1993, 1994).
.
.
, .
. ,
70
.
1980
. ,
.
.
(Bailey 1989:3).
. . ,
.
-
8/11/2019 Astiki Geografia
59/64
-
8/11/2019 Astiki Geografia
60/64
60
, .. .
. , ,
.
,
, , , , , , .
Tim Hall
.27
2.
, , , ,
. ,
.
, ,
. , ,
. Tim Hall,
. , ,
, .
, , .
, ,
.
,
, .
, ,
. ,
,
, .
27Tim Hall, .., . 178-180
-
8/11/2019 Astiki Geografia
61/64
61
. ,
.., .
,
.
,
. , , ,
,
28.
3.
,
, .
Syracuse, ,
. 1980
,
.
:http://www.syracuse.ny.us/City_Hall.aspx
28Tim Hall, .., . 178-180
http://www.syracuse.ny.us/City_Hall.aspxhttp://www.syracuse.ny.us/City_Hall.aspxhttp://www.syracuse.ny.us/City_Hall.aspxhttp://www.syracuse.ny.us/City_Hall.aspx -
8/11/2019 Astiki Geografia
62/64
62
Tim Hall, o ,
,
. ,
.
.
,
, . ,
.
,
.
- ,
29.
4. life style
. ,
, ,
life style.
.
- ,
, ..,
, , , ,
, .. , , , ..
.
29Tim Hall, .., . 183-187
-
8/11/2019 Astiki Geografia
63/64
63
-
30, 31, 32.
,
, -
.
,
, (, ).
:, 30-5-1939
2.5 .
.
30 , . , , , , , .
() ( , ).
31 . , , , , ,
32 , .
(, ).
-
8/11/2019 Astiki Geografia
64/64
Tim Hall,
. ,
,
, .
,
.
/
. ,
.
,
,
Young and Lever,
,
, ,
,
.
,
, ,
.