ASBESTOS

ASBESTOSHazards and Disposal Methods

ASBESTOS Intro1

Asbestos (/sbsts/ or /zbsts/; from Greek , "unquenchable" or "inextinguishable") is a set of six naturally occurring silicate minerals used commercially for their desirable physical properties They all have in common their eponymous, asbestiform habit, long, (1:20) thin fibrous crystals

Asbestos in Nature intro2

Fibrous In-organic natural mineral found in abundance in the earth

Mined for centuries

Deposits around the world

Occurs in fire , primary and metamorphic rocks

Varies in chemical and physical characteristics

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HNaSilicaFeO2Mg

Asbestos .. in buildings!? intro3Building materials are presumed to contain asbestos if installed before 1980, unless testing has proven otherwise

Mg3(Si2O5)(OH)4. 1-Chrysotile, white asbestos- Member of Serpentine Group : Fibers are usually curly bundled and twisted 95% of worlds asbestos. Hydrophilic ; can absorb water thus wetted to minimize fiber release.Most flexible of all asbestos fibres and Less hazardous Withstand the fiercest heat Soft and flexible; spun and woven as easily as cotton. Resistance to alkaline attack ; reinforcing material in asbestos-cement building products. Banned in UK 1999.Absorbs organic materials such as resins and polymers Used to strengthen particulates such as cement.

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TYPES OF ASBESTOS1

Fe7Si8O22(OH)2 2-Amosite, brown asbestos-

Member of the Amphibole group. Amosite is usually mined in South Africa.Used in automobile industry clutch brake padsHarsh, spiky fibres have good tensile strength and resistance to heat. In buildings, amosite was used for anti-condensation and acoustic purposes. On structural steel, it was used for fire protection.Between the 1920s and the late 1960s amosite was used in preformed thermal insulation, pipes, slabs and moulded pipe fitting covers. In the UK amosite was also used widely in the manufacture of insulation boards. The import of amosite was banned as of 1 January 1986 by The Asbestos (Prohibitions) Regulations 1985

TYPES OF ASBESTOS2

3- Crocidolite, blue asbestos- Na2Fe2+3Fe3+2Si8O22(OH)2Needlelike fibres straight and brittle 5 6 % of worlds asbestos.Member of the Amphibole group. The needle like fibres are strongest High resistance to acids.Use in yarn and rope lagging from 1880s-1960s Thermal insulation 1920s-1950s. High bulk volume Sprayed insulation; a product frst manufactured in USA in 1931Most lethal Strict guidelines since 1969.The "import, supply and use of crude, fibre, flake, powder or waste was banned after Asbestos (Prohibitions) Regulations of 1985

TYPES OF ASBESTOS3

Friable Vs. Non-Friable Asbestos1Friable asbestos Crumbled, pulverized or powdered by hand pressure.

If friable ACM asbestos-containing material is damaged or disturbed, it presents inhalation risk.

Asbestos fibres are more easily released into the air.

Sprayed fireproofing on structural steelwork, or thermal insulation on pipes.

Non- Friable asbestos Asbestos fibres are bound or locked into the product matrixFibres are not readily released. Risk for fibre release only when it is subject to significant abrasion through activities such as sanding or cutting with electric power tools.Vinyl asbestos floor tiles, acoustic ceiling tiles, and asbestos cement products.

Friable Vs Non-Friable Asbestos2

Asbestos around the world

Asbestos is produced in 25 countries mainly Canada Australia South Africa Eastern Europe Countries,China and Japan

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Rise and Fall of Asbestos1

50s70s60s

Rise and Fall of Asbestos2

Uses of Asbestos1Thermal System Insulation : to prevent heat loss/transfer in pipes, boilers, chilled water condensation tanks, heat exchangers, HVACs, process equipment, etc.

Surfacing Materials : sprayed or troweled on surfaces such as walls and ceilings for acoustical or decorative purposes, fireproofing, textured purposes, textured plastics, etc.

Miscellaneous Materials : non-friable materials such as cement products, roofing, floor tiles, outdoor siding, gaskets, and fabrics, brake linings

Mixing with other material such as cement increases durability and strengthWas used in cooking hardwareHigh resistance to flamesCan be moulded to any shape or form according to consumer needs3000 uses for asbestos

Uses of Asbestos2

Asbesto conc ranges from 1%-100% in commercial material Asbestos is used in buildings , roofs, insulation units piping netoworksand ventilation systems Asbestos cement

Tiles 100%

crayons1% Uses of Asbestos3

Fire proof doorbrakesAsbestos tile Uses of Asbestos4

Lavatory unit 5-10%Heating unit made of white and brown asbestos at ratio of 1-5%Roof made of white asbestos roof made of brown asbestos 30-40% viinyl floor with bitumen sealant with 1-5% white asbestosRoof made of white asbestos Uses of Asbestos5

A typical asbestos infested building

Asbestos Hazards1

Asbestos waste is highly hazardous . Hazardous characteristics are due to type of metals and physical properties of the asbestos fibresHealth effects increase factors : exposure timing length of fibers number of fibres strenght of fibers

Asbestos diseases are more prone to workers on-site and can cause death at higher rate than any other WORK RELATED ILLNESS

USEPA classifies asbestos as HAZARDOUS AIR POLLUTANT HAP

Strict enforcement measures against asbestos removal and disposal works by USEPA and ILO

15-60 years for first symptoms to develop

If inhaled ONCE asbestos fibres will cause asbestosis Asbestos Hazards2

US Federal Government Agency Recommendations on Exposure Limits

On July 12, 1989, EPA established a ban on new uses of asbestos

NIOSH has recommended that 0.1 Fiber/cubic centimeter (fiber >5m long) /400 liter is carcinogen.

Exposure1

Exposure2

1-Air Inhalation at home or workplace workplace air environment 0.5 fiber/cm3Asbestos is classified as carcinogenic by WHO

2-WaterWHO studies have not shown link between cancer and swallowing Debate if asbestos fibers present in potable waterDoes / Does Not present hazardExposure 3

Permissible Exposure Limits (PELs)

No exposure limit in homes and officesExposure 4

Time-Weighted Average (TWA) 0.1 of asbestos fibers/1 cm3 of air in 8 hours of exposure

Short term Excursion Limit 0.10.1 of asbestos fibers/1 cm3 of air in 30 minutes average of exposureExposure 5

Exposure 6Miners of asbestosShipyard workersPower plant workersBrake lining workersPipe fittersInsulatorsBoiler makers and repairersMaintenance workersWorkers in the production of fire bricks, fire-retardants paints, asbestos cement, and other asbestos-containing products

Exposure7

Fibers come from naturally occurring sources of asbestos Wearing down or distance of manufactured products including insulation, automotive brakes and clutches, ceiling and floor tiles, dry wall, roof shingles and cement

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Asbestos Diseases 1

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Asbestosis

Scarring of lung tissue reducing ability to take oxygen.Dose related disease ;repeated regular exposures. Debilitating disease and can be fatal. Latency period 10-20 years

Asbestos Diseases 2

Lung CancerAsbestos fibers are breathed in, and trapped in lungs. Levels of fibers in lung tissue build up over time Cause lung cancer after years of exposure. Lung cancer is usually fatal. Latency period 20 years

Asbestos Diseases 3

MesotheliomaRare but deadliest Cancer of pleural lining of lung/peritoneal lining of chest cavity. Not dose related Even single exposure may cause disease. Even people who have only indirect contact with asbestos get it, Also called bystanders disease. Latency period 20 to 30years .

Asbestos Diseases 4

Medicine ?!No cure for Asbestos related diseases

Is there a safe exposure?No exposure to asbestos is a safe exposure. Something that can neither be seen, smelled, felt and long time later that can kill you is something to think about seriously.

Be SAFE. Be PROTECTED Create Asbestos free environment.

Asbestos Diseases 5

Asbestos Ban1

Protocol No. 162 , 1986 in ILOs 92nd Ban of asbestos in any shape or form Resolution concerning Asbestos ILO General Conference 2006 Asbestos including chrysotile, are classified as known human carcinogens by the International Agency for Research on Cancer

Asbestos Ban2

Asbestos Ban3

Asbestos phase-outOther eco-friendly alternative material such as Rockwool or recycled sludgesStill used in India and China

Asbestos Ban4

AsbestosRegulatory agencies

OSHA Occupational Safety & Health Association

USEPA United States Environmental Protection Agency

ILO International Labor Organization

Arab CountriesBanned my most Arab countries Phase-out plansSurveys and studiesMinistries of Environment

US International Programme for Chemical Safety100, 000 workers die yearly by exposure to asbestos,

Workers face serious risks from asbestos exposure ; Asbestos Removal, demolition, building maintenance, ship breaking and waste handling activities,

Three decades of efforts and alternatives for a ban on manufacture and use of asbestos and asbestos-containing products

Objective of Promotional Framework for Occupational safety and health Convention 2006 is to prevent occupational injuries, diseases and deaths.

Asbestos Removal 1Environmental criteria in specs of demolition contractsProviding technical requirements to construction contractors after progress of worksDeficiencies on-site

Detection

POLARIZED LIGHT MICROSCOPY

USEPA 40 CFR part 763, Subpart E, Appendix A for sampling and analyzing air samples- transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) 29 CFR 1910.1001, Appendix A & B: OSHA Reference method for sampling and analyzing air samples USEPA 40 CFR part 763, Subpart E, Appendix E for bulk samples- method-1: Polarized Light Microscopy (PLM) USEPA 40 CFR part 763, Subpart E, Appendix E for bulk samples- method-2: X-ray Powder Diffraction (XRD) 29 CFR 1910.1001, Appendix J (method ID-191): OSHA Reference method for sampling and analyzing bulk samples

Asbestos Removal 2

Asbestos disposal requirements for active and inactive disposal sites under NESHAPs (40 CFR Part 61, subpart M)

Asbestos Removal 3

The demolition work of Asbestos Containing Material (ACM ) is a very specialized task Experience in handling hazardous ACMMany contractors have no experience in handling Asbestos and have not completed similar projects .

Basic Requirements Asbestos Removal Works 1Area barricading Concrete barrier, warning tapes and warning signs Tarpaulin or plastic material woven sheet upto height of building to be demolished.

Respirator Masks Workers should use air supplied breathing masks only. Workers should not use reusable or disposal respirators. Basic Requirements Asbestos Removal Works 2

PPE Personal Protective Equipment

Special Safety Signage Basic Requirements Asbestos Removal Works 3

Training Basic Requirements Asbestos Removal Works 4

Wetting of ACM Contractor should wet all friable ACMBasic Requirements Asbestos Removal Works 5

Packaging of ACM Proper packaging ,sealing and encapsulation of friable ACM

. Basic Requirements Asbestos Removal Works 6

Basic Requirements Asbestos Removal Works 7 Handy Tools

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Transport of Asbestos

ASBESTOS WASTE TRANSPORT

Special sealed trucks designed and equipped and licensed for safe transfer of asbestos

Improper Handling of Asbestos

Correct way of handling asbestos

DisposalDetailed engineering design drawings for asbestos site landfill Reference to USEPA guidelines related to asbestos disposal requirements for active and inactive disposal sites under NESHAPs (40 CFR Part 61, subpart M) and specifies general requirements for solid waste disposal under RCRA (40 CFR Part 257). Advance EPA notification of the intended disposal site is required by NESHAP. Methodology submitted by contractors should meet required standards set by USEPA for asbestos demolition,removal,transport,handling,landfilling

Safe Disposal in Double Lined Landfill

Asbestos closed landfill

General ConcernsConcerns about asbestos removal or dumping activities Implementing governmental circular instructions Asbestos phase-out plansSafe removal and disposal of asbestos material by qualified licensed contractors with hi-level of expertise and professionalism Apply high engineering standards when dealing with asbestos

Special ConcernsDestruction of infrastructure release of asbestos. Bombs/missiles asbestos fibers are freed/inhaled with dust.Apartment and office buildings in Lebanon use asbestos for heat insulation. Most buildings erected or restored post-war Western companies have been forced to pay tens of billions of dollars to ex-employees who worked with asbestos.EIA by MOE

1991-2000, 22 cases of malignant mesothelioma were diagnosed at Htel-Dieu de France Hospital.

The relationship between pleural mesothelioma and a construciton company with the related occupational and environmental risk in Chekka region is obvious.

The assessment of the incidence needs a national cancer registry.

Despite the protective measures taken by the government since 1996, an increase in the incidence is suspected in the coming ten years because of the long latency period of the disease.Study on incidence of pleural mesothelioma and its relationship with the occupational and environmental exposure to asbestos in Chekka region

Results Fifteen among these 18 patients (83%) had a positive exposure historyOccupational exposure in 11 cases Bystander exposure in 4 cases. The tumor was attributable to Company X in 12 cases among the exposed 15 (80%). Mean latency period between exposition and diagnosis was 29 years. 15 patients died from the progression of their disease after a median survival of 8 months.

Statistics are from, 2001 Asbestos Study by Kattan J, Faraj H, Ghosn M, Chahine G, Assaf E, Abadjian G, Khoury F.

Malcolm McLaren, former manager of New York Dolls and Sex Pistols, died on 8 April 2010.Billy Vaughn, American bandleader, died in 1991.Hamilton Jordan, Chief of Staff for U.S. President Jimmy Carter and lifelong cancer activist, died in 2008.Richard J. Herrnstein, psychologist and co-author of The Bell Curve, died in 1994.Australian anti-racism activist Bob Bellear died in 2005.British science fiction writer Michael G. Coney, responsible for nearly 100 works, also died in 2005.American film and television actor Paul Gleason, perhaps best known for his portrayal of Principal Richard Vernon in the 1985 film The Breakfast Club, died in 2006.Mickie Most, an English record producer, died of mesothelioma in 2003.Paul Rudolph, American architect, died in 1997.Bernie Banton, an Australian workers' rights activist,Actor Steve McQueen was diagnosed with peritoneal mesothelioma on December 22, 1979.

US Congressman Bruce Vento died of mesothelioma in 2000..Rock and roll musician and songwriter Warren Zevon, after a long period of untreated illness and pain, was diagnosed with inoperable mesothelioma in the fall of 2002. died in 2003.Christie Hennessy, the influential Irish singer-songwriter, died of mesothelioma in 2007, Bob Miner, one of the founders of Software Development Labs, the forerunner of Oracle Corporation, died of mesothelioma in 1994.Scottish Labour MP John William MacDougall died of mesothelioma on August 13, 2008, after fighting the disease for two years.[45]Australian journalist and news presenter Peter Leonard of Canberra succumbed to the condition on September 23, 2008.Terrence McCann, Olympic gold medalist and longtime Executive Director of Toastmasters, died of mesothelioma on June 7, 2006, at his home in Dana Point, California.Merlin Olsen, Pro Football Hall of Famer and television actor, died on March 10, 2010, from mesothelioma that had been diagnosed in 2009.

Asbestos Deaths

Recommendations

FOR YOUSTAY CLEAR FROM ANY CONSTRUCTION/DEMOLITION SITE

FOR LAW MAKERS

PUBLIC AWARENESSSpecial study to survey ACM Professional contractors with qualifications,experienceSkilled ,trained and equipped personnelHigh HSE standards Error will result in release of airborne carcinogenic asbestos fibresSet of rules/regulations Procedures for all types of asbestos worksContractor qualification requirements . Written and approved Scope Of Work for asbestos demolition (even for 1 m2)