Art Hr Ology
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Transcript of Art Hr Ology
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ARTHROLOGY
UMUM
•dr. Thontowi Djauhari NS M.Kes•Laboratorium Anatomi•Program Pendidikan Dokter•Univ. Muhammadiyah Malang
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Arthrology Is…• Studi tentang sendi dan gerakan • Diatur oleh bermacam elemen tulang yang menyertai
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Klasifikasi Persendian
• Berdasarkan Fungsi
- focus kepada derajat kebebasan gerakan
• Berdasarkan struktur
- focus kepada materi persendian
• Berdasarkan Axis/sumbu gerak
- focus kepada jumlah sumbu gerakan
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Klasifikasi Persendian berdasar Fungsi
Type gerakan contoh
Synarthrosis tidak/sedikit gerak
Sutures, Teeth,
Epiphyseal plates,
1st rib and costal cart.
Amphiarthrosis sedikit gerak Distal Tibia/fibula
Intervertebral discs
Pubic symphysis
Diarthrosis gerak bebas Glenohumeral joint
Knee joint
TMJ
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Klasifikasi Persendian berdasar Struktur
Structural Class Characteristics Types Mobility
Fibrous Bones united by collagen fibers
1. Suture2. Syndesmosis3. gomphosis
1. Immobile (synarthrosis)
2. Slightly moveable (amphiarthrosis)
3. Immobile
Cartilaginous Bone ends united by cartilage
1. Synchondrosis (hyaline)
2. Symphysis (fibrocartliage)
1. Immobile2. Slightly moveable
Synovial Bone ends covered with articular cartilage and enclosed within a capsule lined with a synovial membrane
1. Plane2. Hinge3. Pivot4. Condyloid5. Saddle6. Ball and socket
Freely moveable (diarthrosis) which depends on joint design
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Klasifikasi Persendian berdasar Axis
• Uniaxial/monoaxial
• Biaxial
• Triaxial/multiaxial
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Joint Classification
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Fibrous Joints
• Disatukan oleh jaringan fibrosa
•Three types. Three types. gomphoses gomphoses
sutures sutures syndesmosessyndesmoses
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Cartilaginous Joints – mostly Cartilaginous Joints – mostly amphiarthrosisamphiarthrosis
Slide 5.47
Dihubungkan oleh fibrocartilago/tulang rawan hyalin
Examples
Pubic symphysis
Intervertebral joints
Figure 5.27b, c
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SYNOVIAL JOINTS
• Dihubungkan oleh tulang rawan dengan membrana synovial yang melapisi cavitas articularis
• Sendi ini biasanya diperkuat oleh ligamen
• Untuk bergerak dibantu oleh kontraksi musculus
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Types of Synovial Joints
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Figure 9.4a
Gliding Joints/Plana
• Sendi datar yang memungkinkangerak meluncur atau geser misalnya :
– Articulatio acromioclavicular
– Intertarsals or Intercarpals
• Limited Uniaxial/ monoaxial joint
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Figure 9.4b
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Figure 9.4c
Hinge Joints/Engsel
• Sendi yang bersumbu satu hanya memungkinkan gerak flesi dan extensi dengan permukaan concav dan convek misalnya :
– ulna and humerus at elbow joint (spool shaped trochlear surface of the humerus)
– femur and tibia at knee joint
• Monoaxial/Uniaxial joint
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Figure 9.4d
Condyloid (ellipsoid) Joints
• Sendi yang bersumbu dua, memungkinkan fleksi, extensi abduksi, dan adduksi misalnya :
– radiocarpal joint of the wrist – metacarpophalangeal joints
at the bases of the fingers• Biaxial joints
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Figure 9.4e
Saddle Joints
• Sendi plana, artinya tempat tulang sendi berbentuk cekung dan cembung misalnya :– trapeziometacarpal joint at the base
of the thumb• Biaxial joint
– flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, and circumduction.
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Figure 9.4f
Ball-and-Socket Joints
• Sendi peluru yang bersumbu banyak, memungkinkan gerak menurut berbagai sumbu misalnya :
– Caput humeri dengan cavitas glenoidale
– Caput femoris dengan acetabulum
– Multiaxial joint
– flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, and circumduction.
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ARTHROLOGI KHUSUS
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ARTHROLOGI KHUSUS
• Temporomandibular joint• Glenohumeral (shoulder) joint• Elbow Joint ( Humeroulnar-
humeroradial)• Metacarpophalangeal and
Interphalangeal joint• Coxal (Hip) Joint• Tibiofemoral (Knee) joint• Talocrural (Ankle) joint
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ARTICULATIO TEMPOROMANDIBULARE
• Dibentuk oleh os temporale dan os mandibulare
• Pertemuan antara proc. Condylaris dan fossa mandibularis
• Dibagi oleh discus articularis
• Disebut juga gingglymo-arthodial joint
• Typenya synovial joint
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Ligamen yang mengikat
• Temporomandibularis (Lateralis)
• Sphenomandibulare
• Stylomandibular
Jenis Gerakannya : ElevasiProtrusiDepresiRetrusiGraiding and chewing
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Temporomandibular Joint
• TMJ syndrome caused by malocclusion & stress
• Clicking sounds, headaches, vertigo, pain, or tinnitus
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Glenohumeral (shoulder) joint
• Didukung oleh ligamen dan tendon
– Tendon supraspinatus,infraspinatus dan biceps brachii
– Biceps tendon merupakan tendon unuk stabilisasi
• Untuk melakukan pergerakan dibantu musculus :
– supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor & subscapularis,
• Dibantu oleh 4 bursa yaitu :
• Sub coracoid, sub scapular, sub acromial, sub deltoidea
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Glenohumeral (shoulder) joint
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Stabilizers of the Shoulder Joint
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• Flexi
• Extensi
• Pronasi
• Supinasi
Elbow Joint ( Humeroulnar-humeroradial)
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Elbow: Radial head dislocation
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Elbow: medial epicondylitis
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Elbow: Olecranon Bursitis
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Elbow: biceps rupture
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Elbow: biceps tendon repair
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Metacarpophalangeal &
Interphalangeal joint
• Flexi• Extensi• Abduksi• Adduksi• Circumduksi
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ST
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HTzTr
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Wrist: Colles’ Fracture
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Wrist: Scaphoid Fracture
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Wrist: Boxer’s Fx X-ray
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Bennett’s Fracture
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• Flexi• Extensi• Abduksi• Adduksi• Endorotasi• sircumduksi
Coxal (Hip) Joint
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The ( Coxal )Hip Joint• Caput femoris
berarticulasi dengan acetabulum
• Socket pada acetabulum terdapat
– Ligamen capitis femoris yang mengikat secara erat
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Hip Joint• Joint capsule
strengthened by ligaments– pubofemoral– ischiofemoral– iliofemoral
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Tibiofemoral (Knee) joint
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Ligamen cruciatum anterior Ligamen cruciatum posterior
Ligamen collateral tibialeLigamen collateral fibulare
Ligamen popliteum obliqum
Ligamen popliteum arcuatum• Capsula articularisnya diperkuat oleh :
- Ligamen patellae, Ligamen collaterale fibulare, Ligamen collaterale tibiale, Ligamen popliteum obliquum dan Ligamen popliteum arcuatum
- Masih terdapat juga ligamen cruciatum anterior dan posterior yang menghubungkan femur dan tibia didalam sendi
Knee Joint
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Articulatio Talocruralis(Ankle Joint/Mortise Joint)
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Tulang penyusun :1. Os tibia malleolus medialis
2. Os talus facies malleolaris medialis facies malleolaris lateralis
3. Os fibula malleolus lateralis
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Ligamentum Lateralis :
1. Lig. Talofibulare anterior2. Lig. Talofibulare posterior3. Lig. Calcaneofibulare
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Ligamentum Medialis (Deltoideum) :
Lig. TibionaviculareLig. CalcaneotibialeLig. Talotibiale anteriusLig. Talotibiale posterius
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ASPEK KLINIS• 1. Ankle sprains (keseleo)
- robekan dari serat-serat ligamen tersering (lig.lateralis)
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• 2. Pott’s Fracture-dislocation of the Ankle
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Table 9.1 pt 1
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Table 9.1 pt 2
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