savle wereTlis filosofiis instituti

mixeil maxaraZe

a r e o p a g i t i k a

filosofiuri msoflmxedveloba,

filosofiuri da Teologiuri wyaroebi, gavlena

gamomcemloba inteleqti

Tbilisi

monografiaSi ganxilulia V-VI saukuneebis mijnaze Seq m-nili umniSvnelovanesi religiur-filosofiuri moZRvrebis – areopagitikis filosofiuri da Teologiuri wyaroebi, masSi mocemuli filosofiuri ideebi da gavlenebi.

dasaxuli miznis misaRwevad monografiaSi ganxilulia pla-tonis filosofia, neoplatonizmi (plotine da prokle), kapa-dokiel mamaTa (basili didi, grigol nazianzeli, grigol no-seli) msoflmxedveloba, areopagituli filosofia (moZRvreba pirvel erTze, katafatikuri da apofatikuri meTodebis ana-lizi, sikeTis idea da sxv.) da areopagituli gavlena (maqsi-me aRmsarebeli, ioane damaskeli, ioane skot eriugena, Toma akvineli, maister ekharti, nikoloz kuzaneli).

specialuri Tavi eZRvneba areopagituli moZRvrebis mni-Svnelobas qarTuli kulturisTvis.

gankuTvnilia specialistebisa da humanitarul mecniere-

biT dainteresebul mkiTxvelTa farTo wrisTvis.

redaqtori – sergi avaliani

filosofiis mecnierebaTa doqtori, profesori

recenzentebi: revaz balanCivaZe

filosofiis mecnierebaTa doqtori, profesori

guli ServaSiZe

filosofiis doqtori

aleqsandre aladaSvili

filosofiis doqtori

wignis gamocemaSi gaweuli mxardaWerisTvis

madlobas vuxdi „bazisbanks“.

© mixeil maxaraZe, 2011.ISBN 978-9941-439-00-1 © gamomcemloba `inteleqti~, 2011.

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avtorisgan

qarTuli filosofiisa da filosofiuri azris Camoya-libebaSi didi roli Seasrula V-VI saukuneebis mijnaze Seqmnilma areopagitikis saxeliT cnobilma religiur-fi-losofiurma moZRvrebam, romelic gadmocemulia oTx tra-qtatsa da aT werilSi (epistoleSi)1.

areopagituli Txzulebebi XI saukunis meore naxevarSi qarTulad Targmna efrem mcirem da misi gavlena qarTul kulturaze maSinve TvalsaCino gaxda. Tumca saukuneebis ganmavlobaSi es moZRvreba CrdilSi iyo moqceuli da amis mizezi unda yofiliyo misi msoflmxedvelobrivi mrwamsi, romelic azrTa sxvadasxvaobas iwvevda. kerZod, areopagi-tika monofizitur Zeglad iyo miCneuli, rac gzas uRobav-da mas qarTul marTlmadideblur sinamdvileSi (diofizi-tebSi) srulyofilad damkvidrebas.

xangrZlivi dumilis Semdeg Cvens sinamdvileSi areopa-gituli Txzulebebi pirvelad moixsenia sergi gorgaZem

1 areopagituli sakiTxebis istoria, Targmanebi da avtorobis problema, dawvrilebiT ixileT samson enuqaSvilis (1919-1996) Sesaval werilSi – `petre iberielis (fsevdo-dionise areopagelis) Sromebis ZvelqarTuli Targmani da masTan dakavSirebuli sakiTxebi~. ix. petre iberieli (fsevdo-dionise areopageli). Sromebi. gamosca, gamokvleva da leqsikoni daurTo samson enuqaSvilma. Tb., 1961, gv. 015-0199.

vuZRvni akademikosebis:

Salva nucubiZisa da

Salva xidaSelis xsovnas

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werilSi – `neoplatonuri filosofiis erTi uZvelesi kvalTagani qarTul mwerlobaSi (fsevdo-dionise areopage-lis TxzulebaTa qarTuli Targmani)~, romelic gamoqveynda krebulSi – `Cveni mecniereba~ (1923, #1, gv. 65-74).

werilSi s. gorgaZe mokled mimoixilavs areopagituli krebulis qarTul Targmans, qarTul xelnawerTa istorias, am xelnawerTa urTierTmimarTebas da sxv.

Semdeg areopagituli Txzulebebi gaxda akad. Salva nu-cubiZis sagangebo kvlevis sagani da am kvlevis safuZvelze avtori mivida im daskvnamde, rom areopagitikis avtoria V saukunis gamoCenili qarTveli saeklesio moRvawe pales-tinaSi, maiumis episkoposi petre iberi (411-491).

axlo warsulSi areopagitul moZRvrebas sxvadasxva kuTxiT (avtorobis sakiTxi, filosofiuri da Teologiuri problematika) ikvlevdnen S. xidaSeli, v. nozaZe, a. gawere-lia, iv. lolaSvili, r. TvaraZe, m. nemsaZe, g. TevzaZe, e. xi-n TibiZe, b. baraTeli, l. zaqaraZe, m. maWavariani, d. sumbaZe, a. xaranauli.

areopagituli moZRvrebis irgvliv kvleva-Zieba davi-wye gasuli saukunis 80-ian wlebidan da mas Semdeg vikvlev areopagitikis filosofiur wyaroebs, filosofiur prob-lemebsa da gavlenebs. am sakiTxebs mivuZRveni araerTi naS-romi, maT Soris sami monografia. pirveli etapi – TiTqmis 10-wliani kvleva-Zieba dasrulda sadoqtoro disertaciis dacviT (1989). 1991 wels sadoqtoro sadisertacio naSromi gamovaqveyne monografiis saxiT – `Философское содержание ареопагитики~.

areopagitikis irgvliv kvleva-Zieba SemdegSic gavagr-Zele da ZiriTadad vikvlevdi areopagituli moZRvrebis mimarTebas winamaval Teologiur msoflmxedvelobebTan (avgustine, basili didi, grigol noseli, ioane oqropiri) da mis gavlenebs. am mimarTebiT kvlevisas adreul gamokv-levebs (maqsime aRmsarebeli, ioane damaskeli, ioane skot eriugena, maister ekharti da nikoloz kuzaneli) daema-maister ekharti da nikoloz kuzaneli) daema- ekharti da nikoloz kuzaneli) daema-nikoloz kuzaneli) daema- kuzaneli) daema-

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ta Toma akvinelis filosofiis mimarTeba areopagitikas-is mimarTeba areopagitikas- mimarTeba areopagitikas-mimarTeba areopagitikas- areopagitikas-areopagitikas-Tan. specialurad winamdebare naSromisTvis gamovikvlie grigol nazianzelis RvTismetyvelebasTan areopagitikis damokidebuleba, riTac saboloo saxe mieca kapadokiel mamaTa msoflmxedvelobasTan areopagituli moZRvrebis mimarTebas. aseve, winamdebare naSromisTvis Seviswavle da ganvixile areopagituli moZRvrebis gavlena qarTul kul- areopagituli moZRvrebis gavlena qarTul kul-i moZRvrebis gavlena qarTul kul- moZRvrebis gavlena qarTul kul-moZRvrebis gavlena qarTul kul- gavlena qarTul kul-gavlena qarTul kul- qarTul kul-kul-turaze.

areopagituli moZRvrebis kvlevisas gverds ver avu-vlidi am moZRvrebis avtorobis sakiTxs, rasac adre sami naSromi mivuZRveni (1982, 1997 da 2009 wlebSi). am axal monografiaSi kvlav davubrundi am sakiTxs, Sevavse igi axali monacemebiT. imis miuxedavad, rom es ar aris wminda filosofiuri kvleva, mainc mizanSewonilad CavTvale da Sevitane igi am axal naSromSi pirvel Tavad.

winamdebare naSromi im saerTo saqmis gagrZelebaa, romelsac saTave daudo sergi gorgaZem zemoT naxsenebi weriliT.

areopagitikis, gansakuTrebiT am moZRvrebis filosofi-uri msoflmxedvelobis sakiTxebis mravalmxrivi kvleva aka-demikosebis Salva nucubiZisa da Salva xidaSelis saxelebs ukavSirdeba. Cemi kvleva-Zieba, romlis Sedegebic Sesulia am axal, Semajamebel naSromSi, arsebiTad nucubiZisa da xi-daSelis kvlevebis gaRrmaveba-ganviTarebis mcdelobaa.

areopagituli problemebze Cemi kvlevebi S. xidaSelis jer uSualo xelmZRvanelobiT, Semdeg ki masTan intensi-uri TanamSromlobiT mimdinareobda da igi grZeldeboda 25 wels – xidaSelis gardacvalebamde.

aqve minda aRvniSno akademikos guram TevzaZis didi wvli li da Tanadgoma areopagitikis problemebze muSaobi-sas. kerZod, man pirvelma waikiTxa Cemi sadoqtoro diserta-ciis – `areopagitikis filosofiuri Sinaarsis~ xelnaweri da gamoTqva sayuradRebo SeniSvnebi da sabolood misi dadebiTi Sefasebis safuZvelze sadisertacio naSroms

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mieca Semdgomi msvleloba, romelic dasrulda diserta-ciis warmatebuli dacviTa da Semdgom umaRles saatesta-cio komisiaSi (BAK-Si) drouli damtkicebiT. arada, maSin am saxis sadisertacio naSromis (isic sadoqtoros) damt-s) damt-kicebas BAK-Si, rogorc wesi, didi problemebi eqmneboda.

sagangebod unda aRiniSnos winamdebare naSromis redaqtoris, saqarTvelos filosofiur mecnierebaTa aka-demiis prezidentis sergi avalianis Rvawlze. is mokle droSi gaecno naSroms, gamoTqva principuli xasiaTis SeniSvnebi da saerTod didad gaisarja, rom naSromi ufro daxvewiliyo da srulyofili saxe mieRo.

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Sesavali

neoplatonizmi gardamavali epoqis filosofiuri sistemaa, romelic warmoadgens antikuri filosofi-uri memkvidreobis originalur sinTezs, rac ZiriTadad pirvelmizezisa (RmerTis) da samyaros erTianobis Tval-sazrisiT gamoixateba. neoplatonikosebi am principis gatarebisas winamaval filosofiur sistemebs emyarebod-nen. neoplatonuri filosofiis ZiriTadi principebis CamoyalibebaSi gadamwyveti mniSvneloba hqonda platonisa da aristoteles msoflmxedvelobebs. neoplatonikosebma mniSvnelovnad ganaviTares platonis moZRvreba sikeTis ideaze, romelic mocemulia dialog `saxelmwifos~ VI wignSi da aristoteles Tvalsazrisi miznobriv mizezze. platonisa da aristoteles TvalsazrisTa gaerTianebis safuZvelze ki, neoplatonikosebma Camoayalibes sakuTari originaluri moZRvreba pirvel erTze. erTze moZRvreba gvxdeba platonTanac. aristotele, stoelebi da neopla-tonikosebi ama Tu im saxiT aviTarebdnen am mimarTulebiT platonizms1. magram neoplatonikosebis erTi, sxvebisgan gansxvavebiT, aris pirvelmizezi, romlisganac sinamdvile aucileblobiT gamomdinareobs. es ki, garkveuli azriT, sa-myaros, rogorc erTiani mTelis warmodgenis Tvalsazriss amkvidrebda. yovelive amis safuZvelze plotine aRniS-navda, rom RmerTi yvelganaa, xolo qristianuli neopla-tonizmis warmomadgenlis – fsevdo-dionise areopagelis

1 А.Лосев.Эстетикавозрождения.М.,1978,gv. 34.

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azriT, ki – `yvelaferSi Seimecneba RmerTi~. RmerTisa da samyaros mimarTebis amgvari – emanaciuri gageba upiris-pirdeboda Sua saukuneebSi gabatonebul kreacionistul Tvalsazriss, romlis Tanaxmadac, samyaro RmerTis mieraa Seqmnili droSi, arafrisgan.

RmerTisa da samyaros mimarTebis emanaciuri gageba amqveyniuri sinamdvilis Rirebulad gamocxadebis mso-flmxedvelobrivi safuZveli gaxda, radganac am gziT RmerTi, raRacnairad `miwazea Camoyvanili~ da miwierSi `RvTaebrivis aRmoCenis~ SesaZleblobaa daSvebuli. swored es aris mxedvelobaSi miRebuli, roca mkvlevarTa erTi nawili neoplatonur filosofias renesansis umTavres msoflmxedvelobriv safuZvlad miiCnevs. amitomac neopla-tonuri filosofia, mniSvnelovania ara mxolod imiT, rom igi azrovnebis istoriaSi umniSvnelovanesi filosofiuri sistemaa, aramed imiTac, rom igi, amave dros, renesansis erT-erT msoflmxedvelobriv safuZvelsac warmoadgens.

ra mniSvneloba aqvs neoplatonur filosofias sakuT-vriv qarTuli kulturisTvis? rogorc cnobilia, adreul-ma qarTulma kulturam Tavisi ganviTarebis mwvervals XI-XII saukuneebSi miaRwia. am epoqis qarTuli kultura renesansulia, xolo am drois qarTul kulturaze neo-platonizmis mniSvnelovani gavlena (ZiriTadad prokles msoflmxedveloba da areopagitika) eWvgareSea. jer kidev adreul etapze am sakiTxs gamokvlevebi miuZRvnes platon ioselianma, niko marma, ivane javaxiSvilma, sergi gorgaZem, korneli kekeliZem da Salva nucubiZem. am gamokvlevebSi miRebuli daskvnebis safuZvelze Camoyalibda `qarTuli neoplatonizmis~ cneba (areopagitika, efrem mcire, ioane petriwi, rusTaveli). ase rom, qarTuli kulturis intere-sebidan gamomdinare neoplatonizmis kvleva saWiro da aucilebelia.

`qarTuli neoplatonizmis~ cneba mecnierebaSi pirve-lad niko marma (1864-1934) gamoiyena Tavis mniSvnelovan

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gamokvlevaSi1, sadac ganxilulia XI-XII saukuneebis qarTve-li filosofosis ioane petriwis mier qarTulad Targmnili prokle diadoxosis Txzuleba – `Teologiis pirvelsafuZ-vlebi~ (petriwis TargmanSi `kavSirni RmrTismetyuelebiT-ni~) da masze darTuli petriwiseuli komentarebi. avtori ioane petriws saqarTveloSi filosofiuri tradiciebis damwyebad miiCnevs. misive SeniSvniT, petriwis filoso-fiuri msoflmxedveloba bizantieli filosofosebis – miqael fselosisa da ioane italosis neoplatonizmiTaa gansazRvruli.

ioane petriwis moRvaweoba qarTveli xalxis kultu-ruli ayvavebis xanas emTxveva. niko maris sityvebiT rom vTqvaT, es is droa, roca qarTvelebi imave sakiTxebiT iyvnen dainteresebulni, romlebiTac qristianuli aR-mosavleTi da dasavleTi. amasTan, qarTvelebi sxvebze adre exmaurebodnen im droisTvis progresul filosofiur mso-flmxedvelobas da masTan erTad awarmoebdnen berZnuli originalebis uSualo teqstualur kritikas2.

niko maris Tvalsazriss exmaureba ivane javaxiSvilis (1876-1940) Semdegi mosazreba: `metad sagulisxmo da sayur-adReboa, rom maSindel saqarTveloSi neoplatonuri mwer-loba gaCnda da qarTveli mecnierebi imgvarsave rTuli safilosofio sakiTxebiT iyvnen gatacebulni, romelic maSindel mowinave qristian erebs aRelvebdaT rogorc aR-mosavleTSi, ise dasavleTSi...~3.

niko maris es gamokvleva mniSvnelovani movlena iyo qarTuli filosofiuri azris istoriis Seswavlis saqmeSi, xolo am gamokvlevaSi gamoyenebuli `qarTuli neopla-tonizmis~ cneba SemdgomSi mecnierebaSi damkvidrda, ro-

1 Н.Марр.ИоаннПетрицкий грузинский неоплатоникXI-XII века.СПБ,1909.

2 iqve, gv. 61.3 iv. javaxiSvili. qarTveli eris istoria. Tb., 1933, II t. gv. 300-

301.

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gorc yvelaze Sesaferisi termini Sua saukuneebis qarTuli filosofiuri memkvidreobis aRsaniSnavad.

qarTul neoplatonizms niko mari SemosazRvravda XI-XII saukuneebis filosofiiT, ufro zustad, igi `qarTul neo-platonizmSi~ mxolod petriwis filosofias gulisxmobda.

Salva nucubiZem (1888-1969) gaafarTova `qarTuli neo-platonizmis~ cnebis sazRvrebi. qarTuli neoplatonizmis Zirebi, misi azriT, unda veZioT `...ara XII saukunis dasawyis-Si, aramed V saukuneSi, roca cxovrobda da moRvaweobda prokles Txzulebis – `kavSirni RvTismetyvelebiTni~ are-opagituli interpretaciis, e. w. areopagituli wignebis erTaderTi SesaZlebeli avtori~1. nucubiZes, rogorc ukve aRvniSneT, areopagituli wignebis namdvil avtorad miaC-nda V saukunis cnobili qarTveli saeklesio moRvawe pal-estinaSi, maiumis episkoposi petre iberi.

areopagitul moZRvrebas gamorCeuli adgili ukavia neoplatonuri filosofiis sistemaSi. marTalia, manamde da mas Semdeg, antikuri filosofiuri memkvidreobisa da qristianobis Segueba-Serigebis araerTi cda (origene, io-ane skot eriugena) iyo, magram es ise warmatebulad rogorc areopagitikaSia, arsad ar ganxorcielebula. swored ami-tomac areopagitikas miiCneven `qristianobis neoplatonur gadamuSavebad~ (v. vindelbandi), `neoplatonizmis gadarg-vas qristianobis niadagze (S. nucubiZe). msgavs mosazrebebs gamoTqvamen i. Stiglmairi da a. losevi (1893-1988). k. kre-meris SeniSvniT ki, areopagitika iyo neoplatonizmis Sua-mavali Sua saukuneebSi.

rogorc aRiniSna, areopagituli moZRvrebis SeswavlaSi mniSvnelovani wvlili Seitanes qarTvelma mecnierebma. maT araerTi naSromi miuZRvnes areopagitikas, gamoikvlies am moZRvrebis calkeuli mxareebi da aCvenes misi didi mniS-

1 S. nucubiZe. rusTaveli da aRmosavluri renesansi. Sromebi. Tb., 1976, IV t. gv. 163-164.

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vneloba saerTod renesansuli da kerZod, qarTuli kul-turisTvis.

qarTul mecnierebaSi areopagituli moZRvrebis kvle-vis didi tradiciis miuxedavad, jer kidev bevria gasakeTe-beli. kerZod, misi mimarTeba winamaval filosofiursa da Teologiur moZRvrebebTan, sakuTriv areopagitikis fi-losofiuri problemebi da gavlena Semdgomi drois mso-flmxedvelobriv mimarTulebebze. marTebulad SeniSnav-da a. losevi: `qarTvelma mkvlevrebma namdvilad sworad SeniSnes am traqtatis (`saRmrToTa saxelTaT¢s~, – m. m.) TviT stili, Tumca ar mouciaT misi mecnieruli analizi, romelic jer kidev momavlis saqmea~1.

qarTveli mkvlevrebi, sxvadasxva kuTxiTa da sxvadasxva mizniT ikvlevdnen areopagitul moZRvrebas. aqedan gamom-dinare, maT sxvadasxvanairad esmodaT areopagitikis arsi da mniSvneloba qarTuli kulturisTvis. rac Seexeba areop-agitikas, rogorc filosofiur Zegls, am sakiTxebis kvl-eva ZiriTadad S. nucubiZisa da S. xidaSelis (1910-1994) sax-elebTanaa dakavSirebuli. Cven gamokvlevaSi gaziarebulia am avtorTa ZiriTadi azri: areopagituli filosofia neo-platonuria, sadac mocemulia emanaciuri moZRvreba, ris safuZvelzedac areopagitika renesansis msoflmxedvelo-briv safuZvels warmoadgens2. es moZRvreba erTi aucilebe-

1 A.Лосев. dasax. naSr., gv. 36.2 arsebobs sawinaaRmdego mosazrebebic. rusi mkvlevari i. smir-

novi profesor k. skvorcovis gamokvlevaze recenziaSi werda, rom `не смотря на то, что ареопагитические сочинения стоят под вли-янием неоплатонизма, они все-таки удерживают антинеоплатоническоенаправление~(И.А.Смирнов.Русскаялитератураосочиненияхсименемсв.ДионисияАреопагита.Поповоду `Исследования~ проф.Скворцова. `Православноеобозрение~,М.,1872,т.VI, gv. 872).

Zveli saeklesio literaturis cnobili mkvlevari o. ba-r denheveri, marTalia, ar uaryofs areopagitikaze neop-latonizmis gavlenas, magram, misi azriT, es moZRv reba arsebiTad qristianuli Zeglia da misi avtori saq miT neop-

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li rgolia im erTxmiani xazisa, romelic saTaves plotines filosofiaSi iRebs da areopagitikis, eriugenas, fselosis, italosis, dinantis, benelis, ekhartis moZRvrebaTa gavle-

latonizmis damarcxebas cdilobs sakuTriv neopla tonizmiT (O.Bardenhewer.GeschichtederaltkirchlicherLiteratur.FreiburgimBreisgan.1924,Bd.IV, gv. 283).

e. ivankas azriT, RmerTis Semecnebis Sesaxeb neoplatonuri negatiuri Teologia areopagitikaSi arsebiTad sxva gziT gamovlinda. avtori laparakobs agreTve im winaaRmdegobebze, rac Tan axlavs qristianuli neoplatonizmis cnebasa da areopagitikis neoplatonur moZRvrebad CaTvlas (E. Ivanka.Was heiβt eigentlich christlicher Neoplatonismus? Scholastik, Freiburg, imBreisgan.1956,Bd.XXXI,heft1).

msgavsi Tvalsazrisi gvxvdeba v. foelkersa da h. hungerTan. v. foelkeri areopagitul Wvretasa da eqstazze miZRvnil specialur gamokvlevaSi aRniSnavs, rom arasworia kox-Stiglmairis Tvalsazrisi areopagelis prokledan momdi-nareobisa da neoplatonikosobis Sesaxeb (W.Völker.KontemlationundEkstasebeiPseudo-DionyseiosAreopagita.WiesBaden, 1958, gv. IV).

h. hungeris azriT, areopagitika araneolatonuria. am moZR-vrebis avtori, proklesgan gansxvavebiT, RmerTSi xedavs qristes. garda amisa, areopagitikis avtori RmerTSi xedavs ara mxolod Semoqmeds, aramed agreTve adamianebis mxsnelsac. amaSi unda davinaxoT gansxvaveba dionisesa da neoplatonizmis emanacias Soris. avtoris daskvniT, areopagitika aris dagvia-nebuli, magram aucilebeli da saWiro qristianuli reaqcia neoplatonizmisadmi (H.Hunger.Reich der neuenmitte der christlicheGeistderbyzantinischenKultur.Graz,Wien,Köln,1965, gv. 331-332).

v. folkerisa da e. ivankas zemoaRniSnul Tvalsazriss iziarebs rusi mkvlevari v. biCkovi. igi maRal Sefasebas aZlevs areopagitikas da aRiarebs mis did mniSvnelobas sakacobrio kulturisTvis. v. biCkovi gamokvlevaSi bevr sayuradRebo mosazrebas gamoTqvams areopagitikaze, magram misi zogierTi mosazreba sadavod migvaCnia. igi aRniSnavs, rom areopagitikaSi RmerTi gadis simravleSi ise, rom ar tovebs Tavis Tavs (В.В.Бычков. Из истории византийской эстетики. `Византийский времен-ник~,М., 1976 37, gv. 167-169 ). amiT, v. biCkovis azriT, fsevdo-dionise sZlevs neoplatonur emanatizms. es mosazreba usafuZvloa. kerZod, fsevdo-dionises es Tvalsazrisi plo-tines filosofiidan momdinareobs. plotines mixedviTac,

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niT amzadebs jordano brunosa da nikoloz kuzanelis pan-Teizms.

isic unda aRiniSnos, rom qarTvel mecnierTa erTi nawili areopagitikas ikvlevs religiuri poziciebidan, ufro sworad masSi arsebiTad mxolod Teologiur Sres miiCnevs. esec am moZRvrebis sayuradRebo da mniSvnelovani

xom `RmerTi gadis Tavis sazRvrebidan ise, rom ar tovebs Tavis Tavs~ (V eneada, me-6 wigni, $I). sxvaTa Soris, areopagitikis es Tvalsazrisi emanatizmis damadastureblad miaCnia T. qris-tlibs (Th.Christlieb.LebenundLehredesJoh.ScotusErigena.Cotha,1860, gv. 245).

CvenTvis, aseve miuRebelia v. biCkovis mosazreba imis Taobaze, rom areopagitikaSi daZleulia neoplatonuri ema-na tizmi. areopagitika rom emanatizmisgan Tavisufali araa, amaze metyvelebs am moZRvrebaSi gatarebuli Tvalsazrisi RmerTis mier arsebaTa aucileblobiT warmoSobasa da arsebe-bisadmi RvTaebrivi Zalebis yovelgvari arCevanis gareSe ganfenis Sesaxeb. areopagituli emanatizmi mJRavndeba am moZ Rvrebis sxvadasxva adgilze (ix. petre iberieli (fsevdo-dionise areopageli). Sromebi. Tb., 1961, gv. 23, 29-30, 115, 250-257). areopagitikas emanaciur moZRvrebad miiCnevda agreTve h. riteri – qristianuli filosofiis gamoCenili mkvlevari (H.Ritter.Geschichtederchristlichenphilosophie.Hamburg,1841,Th.II, gv. 526).

qarTvel mkvlevarTagan areopagitikis araneoplatonu-robis Tvalsazriss iziarebda a. gawerelia (ix. misi rCeuli nawerebi. Tb.,1977, I t. gv. 245-250, 485, 523, 540-541 da sxvagan. misive, `Ziebani da mosazrebani~. Jurn. `ganTiadi~, 1983, #6, gv. 118), magram avtori ZiriTadad ifargleba areopagitikis araneoplatonurobis aRniSvniTa da sxva avtorebis (a. bri-lian tovi, v. bolotovi, s. epifanoviCi, vl. loski, v. biCkovi da sxv.) damowmebiT.

areopagitikis neoplatonurobaze sayuradRebo azrs gamo-T qvams g. proxorovi: `Пожалуй,именнонедостаток `горизонтально-сти~,историчностивидения–судим,конечно,сохранившимсяпроизведе-ниям–большевсегороднимДиониссиясплатониками(врасчетенако-торых,впрочем,онидолженбылписать)иотличаетоттеххристианскихбогословов,ктоимеетпередглазамипреждевсегоХристаисторическихповествований~(Г.М.Прохоров. `Памятникипереводнойирусскойлите-ратурыXIV-XVвеков~.Ленинград,1987, gv. 17).

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aspeqtia, magram filosofiuri kvlevisTvis – nakleb mniS-vnelovani.

areopagitikis filosofiuri msoflmxedvelobis arse-biTi momentebia: moZRvreba pirvelerTze (RmerTze), dadeb-iTi da uaryofiTi meTodebi areopagitikaSi, moZRvreba RvTis mistikur Wvretaze, moZRvreba sikeTeze, sikeTisa da borotebis mimarTeba, romlebic Seadgenen filosofi-uri analizis safuZvels.

areopagitul moZRvrebaze sruli suraTis Sesaqmnelad aucilebelia misi mTlianobaSi ganxilva (wyaroebi, filoso-fiuri problemebi, gavlenebi). amis gakeTeba aucilebelia Tundac imis gaTvaliswinebiT, rom areopagitikisadmi miZ-Rvnil naSromebSi ganxilulia an mxolod areopagitikis wi-namaval moZRvrebebTan mimarTeba, an kidev momdevno drois msoflmxedvelobriv mimarTulebebTan damokidebuleba.

winamdebare gamokvlevaSi naCvenebia, rom areopagitikis filosofiuri tendencia emyareba RmerTisa da samyaros erTianobis ideas da es Tvalsazrisi sabolood didad gamoiyena renesansulma msoflmxedvelobam. amasTan, Cveni gamokvleviT ufro ganmtkicda luTeris, riteris, brili-antovis, popovis, nucubiZisa da sxvaTa Tvalsazrisi ar-eopagitul moZRvrebaze, rogorc neoplatonur Zeglze, filosofiur nawilSi mis emanaciur xasiaTsa da renesansis erT-erT ideur safuZvelze.

mecnierebaSi, TiTqmis damkvidrebuli Tvalsazri-sis Tanaxmad, areopagitikis mTavar wyarod prokles fi-losofiaa miCneuli. winamdebare naSromSi naCvenebia, rom plotines filosofias aranaklebi mniSvneloba hqonda areopagitikisTvis. metic, xSir SemTxvevaSi prokles mso-flmxedvelobisa da areopagitikis siaxlove gansazRvru-lia erTi wyaroTi – plotines filosofiis sargeblobiT1.

1 am mxriv sarwmuno mosazrebaa gamoTqmuli naSromSi –Dionysios,Proklos,Plotinos. ix. BeitragezurGeschichtederPhilosophiedesMittelalters.TexteundUntersuchungen.HerausgegebenvonClemensRaumker.Münster,1917,BandXX,Heft1, gv. 21-23.

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gamokvlevaSi platonis `parmenidesTan~ neoplatonur-areopagituli negatiuri Teologiis adre SeniSnuli siax-love ganmtkicebulia axali masalebiTa da dasabuTebiT.

naSromSi faqtobrivi masalis analizisa da Sejerebis safuZvelze ki ganmtkicebulia adre gamoTqmuli Tvalsaz-risi (briliantovi, blonski, hase, berdiaevi) plotinesa da areopagituli misticizmis filosofiur-inteleqtualur xasiaTze.

aRsaniSnavia is garemoeba, rom qarTul filosofiursa da filologiur literaturaSi neoplatonuri filosofi-is mniSvneloba msoflio kulturisaTvis zogadad da qar-TulisaTvis kerZod, sxvadasxvanairad iyo gagebuli. mkvle-varTa umravlesoba neoplatonizms samarTlianad Tvli da mowinave progresul msoflmxedvelobad da aucileblad miiCnevda mis safuZvlian Seswavlas. meore nawili ki, warma-rTobis niSnis qveS gaerTianebul neoplatonur filoso-fias reaqciul Tvalsazrisad Tvlida da SeuZleblad mi-iCnevda masSi kulturisTvis raime Rirebulis arsebobas.

neoplatonuri filosofiisadmi amgvari damokideb-uleba yovelgvar safuZvelsaa moklebuli da amiT ugu-lebel yofilia is didZali samecniero-filosofiuri li-te ratura, sadac xazgasmiTaa naCvenebi neoplatonuri filosofiis didi roli aRorZinebis epoqis filosofiuri da renesansuli msoflmxedvelobis CamoyalibebaSi. amasTan, mkvlevrebs, romelTac neoplatonizmi mxolod warmarTul msoflmxedvelobad miaCniaT, mxedvelobidan rCebaT erTi umniSvnelovanesi da sayovelTaod miRebuli garemoeba: neoplatonuri filosofia iyo swored is erT-erTi Su-aleduri rgoli, romlis meSveobiTac antikuri (Tundac warmarTuli) kulturuli memkvidreoba SeuerTda axals, riTac saTave daedo momdevno drois kulturas.

neoplatonizmisa da qristianobis urTierTmimarTe-baze antikuri filosofiis aRiarebuli mkvlevari eduard celeri (1814-1908) aRniSnavda rom, neoplatonizmi Tavisi

16

warmoSobiT ar yofila elinuri sulis reaqcia qristiano-bis winaaRmdeg. Tumca RvTaebis gamocxadeba maT sxvadasx-vanairad esmodaT: qristianoba RvTaebis gamocxadebas xedavda istoriul pirovnebasa da faqtSi, xolo neopla-tonizmisTvis gamocxadeba gamoxatavda samyaroSi arsebuli wesrigisa da pirvelmizezisadmi (RmerTisadmi) adamianis mistikuri Wvretis miswrafebas1. celeri SeniSnavs, rom neoplatonizmi da qristianoba erTdroulad, erTmaneTis gverdiT warmoiSva da didi urTierTzegavlena hqondaT. maT erTi amocana gaaCndaT, magram gamoxatvis formebi sxva dasxva iyo.

neoplatonizmi, rogorc filosofiuri sistema, Sem-dgom, droTa ganmavlobaSi winaaRmdegobaSi movida qris-tianul msoflmxedvelobasTan. qristianobis gabatoneb-ulma mdgomareobam aiZula neopaltonuri filosofia Sehgueboda mas. amitom SemTxveviTi ar iyo, rom Camoy-alibda umniSvnelovanesi religiur-filosofiuri sistema `qristianuli neoplatonizmi~, romelsac didi gavlena hqonda Sua saukuneebSi. qristianul neoplatonizms gavlena hqonda rogorc filosofiur, ise religiur msoflmxedve-lobaze. qristianuli neoplatonizmis umniSvnelovanesi warmomadgenelia fsevdo-dionise areopageli.

areopagituli moZRvrebis arsis gasagebad didi mniSvn-eloba aqvs misi Teologiis wyaroebis garkvevas. am mizniT naSromSi ganxilulia kapadokiel mamaTa (basili didi, grigol nazianzeli, grigol noseli) msoflmxedvelo basTan areopagituli moZRvrebis mimarTeba, kerZod: naCvenebia areopagituli ideebis siaxlove da daSoreba kapadokielTa msofl mxedvelobasTan. am mimarTebiT gamoyofilia sakvan-Zo sakiTxebi rogorc kapadokiel mamaTa msoflmxedvelo-baSi, ise areopagitul moZRvrebaSi (moZRvreba RmerTze, sikeTisa da borotebis mimarTeba, samebis Sesaxeb da sxv.).

1 E.Zeller.Die Philosophie der Griechen in ihrer geschichtlichen Entwicklung.Leipzig,1881,Th.III,Abt.2,gv. 444.

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da maTi SedarebiTi analizis safuZvelze gakeTebulia Se-sabamisi daskvnebi.

petre iberisa da fsevdo-dionise areopagelis idento-bis Sesaxeb nucubiZe-honigmanis Teoriis Semdeg qarTvel mkvlevrTa interesi areopagitikisadmi ufro gaizarda. imis damoukideblad, Tu vin iyo areopagituli Txzule-bebis avtori, misi mniSvneloba Sua saukuneebis qarTuli kulturisTvis eWvgareSea.

areopagitul moZRvrebas mniSvnelovani roli aqvs Ses-rulebuli Sua saukuneebis religiur-filosofiuri mso-flmxedvelobis CamoyalibebaSi. is, rom areopagitikaSi nacadia qristianobisa da neopaltonizmis Serigeba-Segue-ba, aman didad ganapiroba am moZRvrebis winaaRmdegobrivi buneba, rac misi sxvadasxvanairi interpretaciis safuZveli xdeba. kerZod ki, areopagitikis wakiTxva SeiZleba rogorc filosofiis, ise Teologiis poziciebidan. filosofiaSi areopagitika qristianuli neoplatonizmis tradiciebs agrZelebs da aviTarebs.

areopagitikaSi filosofiuri msoflmxedvelobis arse-bobaze aRniSnavdnen luTeri, hegeli, celeri, vindelban-di, raseli... areopagituli moZRvrebis filosofiurobis maCvenebelia am moZRvrebis siaxlove platonis, plotinesa da prokles filosofiasTan. aseve ueWvelia areopagitikaSi mocemuli mkacri filosofiur-logikuri dasabuTeba. amis Sesaxeb aRniSnavda i. popovi. popovis azriT, areopagituli moZRvrebis gviani warmoSobis (Seqmnilia V saukuneSi da ara I-Si, rogorc es adre egonaT, – m. m.) damadasturebelia Semdegi garemoebac: Zveli drois qristianuli litera-turuli Sromebi Tavisufalia yovelgvari filosofiuri gavlenisgan da maTi Sinaarsi mxolod bibliuria. areopa-gitikisTvis ki damaxasiaTebelia mkacri filosofiuroba da am mxriv am moZRvrebis avtori aRemateba ara mxolod apologetebs, aramed TviT aleqsandrielebsac1.

1 Православная богословская энциклопедия. Петроград, 1903, т. IV, gv. 1078.

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fsevdo-dionise areopagelis filosofiuri Tvalsaz-risis ganxilvisas cxadi xdeba, rom am mimarTebiT misi msoflmxedvelobis ZiriTad wyaros platonis, plotine-sa da prokles filosofia warmoadgens. am kuTxiT didi da mniSvnelovani kvleva-Ziebebia Catarebuli. sakmarisia aRiniSnos h. koxis, i. Stiglmairis, a. dempfis, v. pregeris, k. kremeris, S. nucubiZis, S. xidaSelisa da sxvaTa mniS-vnelovani gamokvlevebi. aRniSnul SromebSi areopagituli moZRvrebis wyaroebad aRiarebulia platonis, plotinesa da prokles filosofia.

areopagitikaSi naTlad Cans agreTve kapadokiel mamaTa TvalsaCino gavlena.1

neopaltonizmi platonis filosofiis ganviTareba-gaRrmavebas warmoadgens. neoplatonur filosofiaSi, ise rogorc platonTan, ZiriTad amocanas Seadgenda usasru-losa da sasrulos, dauboloebelsa da daboloebuls, anu pirvelmizezsa (RmerTsa) da samyaros Soris mimarTebis garkveva. es amocana platonis filosofiaSi gadauWreli darCa, samagierod, neoplatonizmSi garkveuli azriT mox-erxda am siZnelis mogvareba. kerZod, neoplatonikosebis mier emanaciis principis Semotanam pirvelmizezisa (Rmer-Tis) da samyaros mTlianobis aRiarebis safuZveli moamza-da. es Tvalsazrisi saukuneebis ganmavlobaSi ixveweboda da sabolood jordano brunosa da nikoloz kuzanelis panTeizmiT dasrulda. am Tvalsazrisma gadamwyveti roli Seasrula renesansuli msoflmxedvelobis CamoyalibebaSi. igi iwyeba platonis filosofiaSi, gaivlis neoplatonur filosofias da kuzanelis panTeizmiT mTavrdeba. amis Se-saxeb aRniSnavs a. dempfi. avtoris azriT, dionisesTan (ig-

1 Я.Н.Любарский.МихаилПселл.Личностьитворчество.М.,1978,В.В.Бычков.Изисториивизантийскойэстетики(«Византийскийвременник~,М.,1976,т.37,gv. 160-191); misive,Византийскаяэстетика.М.,1977,K.Kremer.DieneoplatonischeSeinsphilosophieund ihreWirkungaufThomasvonAquin.Leiden,E.J.Brill,1966,gv.289.

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ulisxmeba fsevdo-dionise areopageli, – m. m.) adamianuri Semecnebis sfero Sevsebulia platonis `parmenideTi~1. es platonizmi (laparakia proklesa da fsevdo-dionise ar-eopagelis mimarTebaSi platonizmis arsebobaze, – m. m.) miuTiTebs xidze, romelic platonis filosofiaSi iwyeba, grZeldeba kuzanelamde da ufro Sors midis. es swored is erTiani xazia filosofiaSi, romelSic S. nucubiZe moiaz-rebs areopagitul moZRvrebasac2.

ra Tqma unda, neoplatonuri filosofiis Camoyalibe-baSi Taviseburi roli Seasrula aristoteles moZRvrebam miznobrivi mizezis Sesaxeb, filonis Tvalsazrisma us-asruloze da sxvaTa moZRvrebebma. magram mTavari wyaro mainc platonis filosofiaa. hegeli aRniSnavs, rom pla-tonis filosofiam ganviTarebis ori gza gaiara. CvenTvis gansakuTrebuli mniSvneloba aqvs meore gzas. meore gza ki, hegelis azriT, esaa neoplatonizmis saxiT ukan – pla-tonisken dabruneba da TviTcnobierebisa da absoluturi arsebis erTianobis moTxovna3.

platonis filosofiisa da neoplatonizmis mimarTebis gasarkvevad saWiroa platonis filosofiaSi im momentebis win wamoweva, romelTac Semdgom gadamwyveti roli Seas-rules neoplatonizmis CamoyalibebaSi. winamdebare gamokv-levaSi naCvenebia is sakvanZo sakiTxebi, saidanac saTaves iRebs neoplatonuri filosofia da is axali, rac neopla-tonizmma gaakeTa platonTan SedarebiT.

areopagituli moZRvrebis ZiriTadi filosofiuri wyaroebis Taobaze azrTa sxvadasxvaobaa. avtorTa erTi nawili upirveles wyarod platons asaxelebs (i. drezeke),

1 A. Dempf. Der Platonimus des Eusebius, Viktorinus und Ps. Dionysius.München,1962,gv.16.

2 S. nucubiZe. rusTaveli da aRmosavluri renesansi. Sromebi. IV t. gv. 120-131, 142-143.

3 Hegel.Vorlesungenüber die Geschichte der Philosophie.Leipzig,1971,Bd.II,gv. 460.

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meore nawili ki – prokles (p. koxi, i. Stiglmairi, S. nu-cubiZe), mesame nawili miuTiTebs rogorc plotineze, ise prokleze (v. pregeri, k. kremeri). ufro marTebuli iqneba aRiniSnos, rom areopagituli moZRvreba sazrdoobs ro-gorc platonis, ise plotinesa da prokles filosofiiT da mxolod erT romelime maTganze yuradRebis gadatana swori ar aris. problemebis erT nawilSi fsevdo-dionise areopageli plotines mihyveba, meoreSi ki – prokles. amis Sesaxeb samarTlianad miuTiTebs k. kremeri1.

plotinesTan fsevdo-dionise areopagelis siaxlove mJRavndeba erTis negaciaSi da gansakuTrebiT misticizm-Si2. h. koxis azriT, fsevdo-dionise areopagelisTvis ucxo araa plotines filosofia, magram yovelive es gvxvde-ba prokles filosofiaSic3. v. pregeris azriT, dionises (fsevdo-dionises, – m. m. ) amosavali Tvalsazrisi iseTivea, rogorc plotinesi4. Cveni mxridan davamtkicebT, rom are-opagituli moZRvrebis suls (erTis negacia, moZRvreba sik-eTeze, misticizmi) ZiriTadad plotines filosofia ufro Seesabameba.

areopagitikis gasagebad didi mniSvneloba aqvs am moZ-Rvrebis prokles filosofiasTan mimarTebis kvlevas. am kvlevisadmi interess zrdis is faqtic, rom prokles fi-losofiisadmi interesi dReisTvis Zalze didia. neopla-tonizmis cnobili mkvlevris v. baiervaltesis SeniSvniT, axali etapi prokles filosofiis kvlevaSi iwyeba mas Sem-deg, rac misi moZRvreba aRiarebul iqna renesansis wyarod5.

1 K.Kremer. dasax. naSr., gv. 287-289.2 iqve, gv. 288.3 H. Koch. Pseudo-Dionysius Areopagita in seinen Beziehungen zum

NeoplatonismusundMisterienwesen.Mainz,1900,Bd.I,gv.152-158.4 W.Preger.GeschichtederdeutseheMystik.Leipzig,1874,gv.151-153.5 W.Beierwaltes.Proklus,Grundzuge seinerMetaphysik.Frankfurt amMein,

1965,gv.37.

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areopagitikaSi pirvelsawyisis (RmerTis) cnebis gasa-gebad yvelaze marTebulia am moZRvrebaSi dadebiTi da uaryofiTi meTodebis ontologiuri safuZvlis dadgena da agreTve, sikeTis ideis cnebis analizi.

apofatikuri meTodis dawvrilebiTi analizis safuZ-velze mivediT im daskvnamde, rom rogorc katafatikuri, ise apofatikuri meTodis ontologiur safuZvels warmoadgens RmerTi, rogorc srulyofilebis umaRlesi forma. aq erTm-aneTisgan unda ganvasxvaoT RmerTi, rogorc srulyofileba da RmerTi, rogorc transcendenturi. marTalia, RmerTis transcendenturoba gulisxmobs srulyofilebasac, magram `srulyofilebis~ cnebaSi vgulisxmobT emanaciis saTaveSi myof pirvelmizezs, romelic misgan warmoSobil arsebebs swored srulyoflebiT aRemateba. maSin rodesac transcen-denturad gagebul RmerTsa da xilulis sinamdvilis arse-bebs Soris absoluturi gansxvavebaa.

saerTod ki, areopagitikaSi rogorc dadebiTi, ise uar-yofiTi meTodi pirvelmizezis wvdomisTvis uZluria, ami-tomac daSvebulia RmerTis mistikuri Wvreta.

areopagitul moZRvrebaSi gaziarebul iqna emanatizmis principi. fsevdo-dionises mixedviT, RmerTi, iseve rogorc mze, RvTaebriv Zalebs ganfens yovelgvari arCevanis gare-Se, sakuTari bunebis Tanaxmad, maSasadame, aucileblobiT1.

momdevno droSi areopagituli moZRvrebis gavlena gvxdeba rogorc Teologiur, ise filosofiur sistemeb-Si. gansakuTrebuli siaxlove areopagitul moZRvrebas-Tan mJRavndeba maqsime aRmsareblis, ioane damaskelis, io-ane skot eriugenas, Toma akvinelis, maister ekhartisa da nikoloz kuzanelis msoflmxedvelobebSi.

1 petre iberieli (fsevdo-dionise areopageli). Sromebi. Tb., 1961, gv. 29-30. simartivisTvis aRniSnul gamocemas davimowmebT ase: areopagitika. Semdeg – fsevdo-dionises Sesabamisi Txzu-leba an epistole (werili).

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winamdebare gamokvlevaSi ganxilulia areopagitikis gavlena rogorc Teologiur (aRmsarebeli, damaskeli, akvineli), ise filosofiur (eriugena, kuzaneli) msoflmxed-velobebze. rac Seexeba ekharts, misi msoflmxedveloba Tanabrad ganicdis areopagitikis rogorc Teologiur, ise filosofiur gavlenas.

mravalmxrivi iyo areopagitikis gavlena qarTul kul-turaze (rusTaveli, CaxruxaZe, daviT guramiSvili da sxv.), agreTve, qarTul msoflmxedvelobaze. am sakiTxebis ganx-ilva mniSvnelovania qarTuli kulturis arsis gasagebad.

dasasrul mokled areopagituli krebulis struq-turasa da Sinaarsze.

areopagituli traqtatebia:1. RvTaebrivi saxelebis Sesaxeb (efrem mcires Targ-

maniT – `saRmrToTa saxelTaT¢s~); 2. zeciuri ierarqiis Sesaxeb (`zecaTa mRdelT-

mTavrobisaT¢s~); 3. saeklesio ierarqiis Sesaxeb (`saeklesio¡sa mRdelT-

mTavrobisaT¢s~); 4. mistikuri Teologiis Sesaxeb (`saidumlod RmrTis-

metyuelebisaT¢s~).

aTi werilidan pirveli oTxi mimarTulia mowese gaio¡s mimarT. danarCenebis adresatebi arian: RvTismetyveli ioane, mRvdelmTavrebi: polikarpo¡ da tite, mRvdeli sopatro¡si, mowese dimofilo¡si da msaxuri doroTe.

areopagituli traqtatebidan filosofiis Tvalsaz-risiT gansakuTrebiT mniSvnelovania – `saRmrToTa saxelTaT¢s~, romelSic ganxilulia moZRvreba sawyisze, pirvel erTze (RmerTze). traqtatSi aseve ganxilulia RmerTis dadebiTi da uaryofiTi daxasiaTebebi, RmerTi-dan arsebaTa gamosvla da masSive ukudabruneba, sikeTisa da borotebis mimarTeba da sxv. es sakiTxebi traqtatSi ZiriTadad neoplatonuri, ufro sworad qristianuli neo-platonizmis poziciebidan aris warmodgenili.

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filosofiis TvalsazrisiT aseve sainteresoa traqta-ti – `saidumlod RmrTis-metyuelebisaT¢s~, romelSic gan-xi lulia RmerTis absoluturi negaciisa da misi wvdoma-gaerTianebis gzebi, kerZod, RmerTis mistikuri Wvreta (roca cxadi xdeba, rom racionaluri Semecneba uZluria RmerTis wvdomisTvis), RmerTis dadebiTi da uaryofiTi me-TodebiT daxasiaTebis erTianoba da sxv.

danarCeni ori traqtati – `zecaTa mRdelT-mTavro-bisaT¢s~ da `saeklesio¡sa mRdelT-mTavrobisaT¢s~ ufro re ligiuri xasiaTisaa da filosofiisTvis nakleb sainte-resoa, Tumca maTSi areklilia neoplatonuri ierarqiuli (safexurebrivi) sistemis principebi.

areopagituli epistoleebidan zogierTi, marTalia, na-klebad, magram mainc sayuradReboa filosofiis Tvalsaz-risiT.

areopagituli Txzulebebi dawerilia berZnul enaze da pirvelad igi iTargmna siriul enaze, Semdeg Zvel droSi laTinur, arabul, koptur, somxur, qarTulsa da sxva aRmo-savlur enebze. Tanamedrove evropul enebze areopagituli Txzulebebis Targmanebi XIX saukunes miekuTvneba. es Txzu-lebebi, evropulTan SedarebiT, ufro adre iTargmna sla-vursa da rusul enebze.

rogorc ukve aRvniSneT, areopagituli Txzulebebi qarTulad Targmna XI saukunis gamoCenilma qarTvelma swavlulma, mTargmnelma, filologma da filosofosma – efrem mcirem.

25

I Tavi

areopagitul TxzulebaTa avtorobis sakiTxi da

nucubiZe-honigmanis Teoria

areopagituli Txzulebebis, e. w. areopagituli korpu-sis avtorobis sakiTxi saukuneebis ganmavlobaSi `awvaleb-da~ mecnierebas. am Txzulebebis arseboba 532 wels konstan-tinepolis saeklesio krebaze gaxda cnobili. mis avtorad ki gamocxadda dionise areopagelis saxeliT cnobili I saukunis cnobili saeklesio moRvawe, aTenis areopagis wevri, episkoposi dionise. renesansis moazrovneebma lor-enco valam (1415-1465) da erazm roterdamelma (1466-1536) eWvi Seitanes imaSi, rom areopagituli Txzulebebis avto-ria I saukunis saeklesio moRvawe – dionise areopageli. amis Semdeg saukuneebis ganmavlobaSi mimdinareobda kvle-va-Zieba areopagituli Txzulebebis namdvili avtoris das-adgenad. aRniSnul sakiTxs ikvlevdnen rusi (f. gumilevski, k. skvorcovi, v. bolotovi...) da germaneli (h. koxi, i. Stig-lmairi...) mkvlevrebi.

h. koxma areopagitikis safuZvliani SeswavliT daad-gina, rom am moZRvrebis filosofiuri msoflmxedveloba gansazRvrulia V saukunis neoplatonikosi filosofosis prokle diadoxosis moZRvrebiT1. i. Stiglmairis gamokv-levis Tanaxmad, areopagitul TxzulebaTa avtori kargad

1 H.Koch.ProklusalsQuelledesPs.D.Areopagita inderLehrevomBösen.Pnilologus,Gotingen,1996,Bd.54.

26

icnobs prokles komentarebs platonis dialog `alkibi-adeze~, romelic 462 wliTaa daTariRebuli1.

sxvadasxva gamokvlevis safuZvelze, areopagituli wignebis Seqmnis Taobaze, gakeTebul iqna Semdegi mniSv-nelovani daskvnebi:

1. areopagituli moZRvreba neoplatonuri filosofi-is, kerZod, prokles msoflmxedvelobis did gavlenas gani-cdis.

2. areopagituli Txzulebani dawerilia 462 wlis Sem-deg, platonis `alkibiadeze~ prokleseuli komentarebis gavleniT. ramdenadac es Txzulebani pirvelad 532 wels iqneba moxseniebuli, amdenad, areopagituli Txzulebebis Seqmnis savaraudo drod 462-532 wlebi ganisazRvra.

3. areopagituli Txzulebani q. gazas kulturul gare-moSi iyo Seqmnili da misi avtori episkoposi unda yofi-liyo.

am daskvnebma mniSvnelovanwilad gansazRvra Sesaswavli sakiTxis irgvliv kvlevis Semdgomi warmateba, romelic ZiriTadad S. nucubiZisa da e. honigmanis saxelebs ukavS-irdeba.

S. nucubiZe gamokvlevaSi, romelic miznad isaxavda are-opagitul TxzulebaTa namdvili avtoris vinaobis garkve-vas, Cerdeba im kulturul garemoze, sadac moRvaweobda am wignebis savaraudo avtori. am wreSi Sediodnen – prokofi da enea gazelebi da zaqaria ritori (`saeklesio istori-is~ cnobili avtori). nucubiZe aCvenebs, rom es avtorebi SeuZlebelia iyvnen areopagituli Txzulebebis avtorebi, radganac prokofi gazeli filon aleqsandrielisa da ori-genes msoflmxedvelobaTa gavlenas ganicdis, xolo enea gazeli Tavisi qristologiuri Sexedulebebis Camoyalibeb-isas emyareba platonis ZiriTad dialogebs. enea gazelis

1 J. Stiglmayr. Der neoplatoniker Proklus als Vorlage des sogen.DionysiusAreopagitainderLehrevomUebel.München,1895,HYB18,gv. 254.

27

msgavsad, zaqaria ritoric platonis filosofiis erTguli darCa. nucubiZis SeniSvniT, ramdenadac areopagituli moZ-Rvreba uSualod prokles filosofias emyareba, amdenad, es sami cnobili avtori, rogorc areopagituli Txzule-bebis savaraudo Semqmnelebi, `moxsnil~ unda iqnes.1

gazeli moazrovneebis msgavsad, SeuZlebelia areopagi-tikis avtorebad miCneul iqnen maTi Tanamedroveni – ioane filiponi da leonti bizantieli, vinaidan TiToeul maT-gans, nucubiZis azriT, sul sxva ideologiuri safuZveli gaaCnia, vidre fsevdo-dionise areopagels.

S. nucubiZe gansakuTrebul yuradRebas aqcevs zaqar-ia ritoris `saeklesio istorias~, sadac aRniSnulia: `im dionise areopagelma, romelmac warmarTobis umecrebis da wyvdiadidan RvTis Semecnebis gansakuTrebul Suqs mi-aRwia Cveni moZRvari pavles meSveobiT...~2. aq mkvlevari yuradRebas aqcevs gamoTqmas – `im dionisem~ (pirdapir `dionises~ nacvlad) da aseve meore gamoTqmas – `Cvenma mo-ciqulma pavlem~. am bolo gamoTqmaSi wesiT unda yofiliyo – `mociqulma pavlem~. nucubiZis azriT, aRniSnulma Sei-Zleba is azri aRgviZras, rom zaqaria ritors mxedveloba-Si hyavda im wris moZRvari da maswavlebeli, romelsac is TviTon ekuTvnoda. am wris xelmZRvaneli petre iberi (411-491) rom iyo, sayovelTaodaa cnobili. amitomac, nucubiZis SeniSvniT, gamoTqma – `Cveni pavle~ am SemTxvevaSi sagange-bo datvirTvas iZens, ramdenadac es TavisTavad gvikar-naxebs gamoTqmis Sepirispirebas sxva pavlesTan – qristes mociqulTan. sayuradReboa isic, rom zaqaria ritori, rom-lisTvisac saqmis namdvili viTareba cnobili unda yofili-yo, areopagituli Txzulebis avtorad I saukunis moRvawes acxadebs, rac, S. nucubiZis azriT, miuTiTebs, rom aq saqme gvaqvs Segnebul falsifikaciasTan.

1 Ш. Нуцубидзе.Тайна Псевдо-Дионисия Ареопагита. Тб.,1942, gv.7.

2 iqve, gv. 19.

28

TavisTavad sainteresoa is faqti, rom monofizitebisa da diofizitebis dapirispirebisa da brZolis periodSi, erT-erTi mxaris mier dionise areopagelis avtoriteti iqna damowmebuli. kerZod, 532 wlis konstantinepolis msoflio saeklesio krebaze areopagituli Txzulebani I saukunis saeklesio moRvawes – dionise areopagels miawe-res. udavo unda iyos, rom es `miwera~ dionise areopage-lis didi avtoritetis gamo moxda da garkveul mizans em-saxureboda. isic gasaTvaliswinebelia, rom, am droisTvis wignis miwera sxva avtorisadmi Cveulebrivi ambavi iyo.

S. nucubiZis aRniSvniT, is, rom am periodSi sxva av-torisadmi sxvisi wignis miwera Cveulebrivi ambavi iyo, am konkretul SemTxvevaSi Zalian did mniSvnelobas iZens erTi saintereso da mniSvnelovani faqtis gamo: zaqaria ritori Tavis `saeklesio istoriaSi~ petre iberis raRac gamoCenil saqmeze mianiSnebs, magram saTqmels bolomde ar ambobs. amasTan, zaqaria ritori, sxvaTa sityvebis damowme-biT, saintereso ambavze mogviTxrobs, TiTqosda vinme io-ane aleqsandrielma Tavisi nawarmoebebi petre ibers miawe-ra. petrem ki am wignebis gacnobis Semdeg es faqti uaryo.

mecnierebaSi damtkicebulia, rom ioane aleqsandrieli istoriuli pirovneba araa (o. bardenheveri). maSasadame, ioane aleqsandrielis wignis miwera petre iberze mTlianad SeTxzuli ambavia. yvelaferi es, nucubiZis azriT, zaqaria ritors Segnebulad aqvs gakeTebuli, raTa mkiTxvelisTvis petre iberis samwerlo moRvaweobis Sesaxeb mieniSnebina.

rogorc aRniSnulidan irkveva, I saukunis saekle-sio moRvawis V saukuneSi Seqmnili Txzulebebis avtorad gamocxadebas da petre iberze ararsebuli ioane aleqsan-drielis wignebis miwerasa da agreTve, zaqaria ritoris mier aRniSnul petre iberis `gamoCenili~ saqmes Soris raRac kavSiri marTlac unda arsebobdes.

petre iberis did avtoritetze miuTiTebs zaqaria qarTvelis Semdegi sityvebi: `mnebavs uwyebad Tqvenda, Zma-

29

no Cemno sayvarelno, cxorebisa wmidisa da netarisa mami-sa Cvenisa petresisa, romeli igi iqmna mnaTob palestinisa da ufro¡sad yovlisa soflisa, romeli – igi aRmoscenda ZirTagan sameufoTa da saRmrToTa da morC iqmna keTil, sawadel da sasurvel da aRorZnda, viTarca xe keTili da Svenieri Tanawarsadinelsa saRmrToTa werilTasa, gamoix-vna Jamsa Tvissa da uwinaresca Jamisa mravalni nayofni~1. aseTi epiTetebi, rogoricaa `mnaTob palestinisa~, `ufro-sad yovlisa soflisa~, `viTarca xe keTili mSvenieri Tana-warsadinelsa saRmrToTa werilTasa~... TavisTavad metyve-lebs, Tu vin iyo da ra avtoriteti hqonda am droisTvis petre ibers palestinaSi (da ara mxolod palestinaSi).

petre iberis gamoCenilobasa Tu gamorCeulobaze me-tyvelebs 2006 wels oqsfordSi gamocemul kornelia hornis 600-gverdiani monografia, romelic mTlianad pe-tre iberis cxovrebasa da moRvaweobas eZRvneba2.

am gamokvlevaSi elguja xinTibiZes arsebiTad miaCnia is, rom `naSromi warmoaCens petre ibers rogorc udidessa da upirveles avtoritets V saukunis palestinis sabermo-nazvno wreebisa da Teologiuri centrebisTvis. igi petre iberis karieras ikvlevs areopagituli korpusis avtoro-bis hipoTezisagan damoukideblad. magram igi xedavs da ar faravs, rom areopagitikis avtoris problemas uSualo mimarTeba unda hqondes ioane rufusis wignTan `petre ib-eris cxovreba~: an am wignis obieqti, anu petre iberi, an am wignis subieqti-Semqneli, anu ioane rufusi, unda iyos am saidumlo nawerebis avtori~3.

1 qarTuli proza. Tb., 1982, III tomi, gv. 26.2 C.B.Horn. Asceticism and Christological Controversy in Fifth-Century

Palestine.TheCareerofPeterofIberian.OxfordUniversityPress,2006.3 e. xinTibiZe. uaxlesi tendenciebi qarTul-bizantiuri li-

teraturuli urTierTobis kvlevis mimarTulebiT. kre buli: `bizantologia saqarTveloSi~. Tb., 2007, gv. 54.

30

rogorc cnobilia, areopagitikaSi erT-erTi ZiriTadi sakiTxia moZRvreba sikeTeze. fsevdo-dionisem plotinesa da prokles filosofiis safuZvelze aRiara sikeTis ab-soluturoba da borotebis arasubstanciuroba. areop-agitikaSi sikeTis saboloo miRweva xorcieldeba misti-kuri Wvretis safuZvelze. nucubiZe yuradRebas aqcevs petre iberis cxovrebaSi iseT moments, saidanac irkveva, rom petre iberisTvis eqstazi ucxo ar iyo: moulodne-lad netari (petre) ucnobi Seiqmna da eqstazSi Cavarda da am mdgomareobaSi igi darCa TiTqmis saaTs, saaT-naxevars, Tvalebi ki am dros ucvlelad hqonda mipyrobili cisken.

sainteresoa aseTi cnobac, petre iberi esaubreboda gazel Zenons. Zenonis aRniSvniT, petre iberi am azrebiT `pirdapiri gziT sikeTisken midioda~1. aq, nucubiZis azriT, areopagitul ideebTan gvaqvs TanmTxveva, kerZod, sikeTis absoluturobis sakiTxSi.

S. nucubiZis sarwmuno SeniSvniT, erTmaneTs emTxveva ag reTve areopagitul moZRvrebaSi mocemuli ierarqiuli prin cipi da petre iberis maswavleblis – ioane lazis (g. 465 w.) – mier warmodgenili samyaros ierarqiuli wyoba, ro melic anonims aqvs gadmocemuli. ioane lazs, petre ib-eris maswavlebelsa da mudmiv Tanamgzavrs, samyaro war-modgenili hqonda safexurebad: angelozebis, qerubinebisa da serafimebis saxiT. rogorc cnobilia, areopagituli moZRvrebis erT-erTi Txzuleba –`zeciuri ierarqia~ spe-cialurad am sakiTxisadmia miZRvnili da masSi mocemuli samyaros ierarqiuli wyobis modelic iseTivea, rogorc ioane lazisa.

sarwmuno Cans S. nucubiZis mosazreba imis Taobaze, rom saqarTveloSi arsebul `dionises avtobiografiaSi~ (ig-ulisxmeba I saukunis saeklesio moRvawe – dionise areopa-geli, – m. m.) araferia naTqvami masze, rogorc areopagi-tuli Txzulebebis avtorze. avtobiografiaSi miniSnebac ki

1 Ш.Нуцубидзе.ТайнаПсевдо-ДионисияАреопагита.gv.7.

31

araa dioniseze, rogorc areopagituli wignebis avtorze, rac VII-VIII saukuneTa dokumentisTvis, Tundac apokrifu-lisTvis, friad mravlismetyvelia... amgvarad, saqarTvelo-Si farTod yofila gavrcelebuli wigni, romelSic araferi iyo naTqvami dionises avtorobis Sesaxeb areopagituli wignebis mimarT~1.

am mxriv, aseve mniSvnelovania ioane petriwis cnoba prokles Txzulebis – `Teologiis pirvelsafuZvlebis~ xelmeored Targmnis Sesaxeb: `aramed mizezi aw kualad gardmoRebad Cem mier wignisa amis eseobasa~. nucubiZe Tvlis, rom petriwis es SeniSvna prokles Txzulebis adre Sesrulebul qarTul Targmanze unda miuTiTebdes. mTargm-neli ki petre iberi unda iyos. ioane petriwis es SeniSvna mecnierebaSi sxvadasxva gvarad iqna gagebuli.

S. nucubiZis kvlevis Sedegebi safuZvels iZleva gake-Tebul iqnes Semdegi daskvnebi:

1. q. gazas kulturuli garemos imdroindeli moR-vaweebidan (prokofi da enea gazelebi, zaqaria ritori, agreTve, maTi Tanamedroveni – aleqsandrieli ioane fili-poni da leonti bizantieli) romelime maTgani, SeuZlebe-lia areopagituli Txzulebebis avtori yofiliyo.

2. realur `dionisesa~ da `mociqul pavles~ nacvlad zaqaria ritoris mier `im dionises~ da `Cveni pavles~ mox-senieba cxadyofs, rom saqme gvaqvs Segnebul falsifikacia-sTan.

3. zaqaria ritoris mier ararsebuli ioane aleqsandri-elis wignebis miwera petre iberze erTi mxriv, xolo, meore mxriv, areopagituli Txzulebebis mikuTvneba I saukunis moRvawisTvis, miuTiTebs, rom yovelive amas zaqaria ri-tori Segnebulad, garkveuli mizniT akeTebs. aq yovelTvis mxedvelobaSia misaRebi, rom areopagituli moZRvreba V-VI saukuneebis mijnazea Seqmnili. amasTan, zaqaria ritoris

1 Ш.Нуцубидзе.dasax. naSr., gv. 45.

32

dumili petre iberis raRac `gamoCenil~ saqmeze, garkveuli saidumloebis maCvenebelia.

4. areopagituli moZRvrebisa da petre iberis saxelTan dakavSirebul TvalsazrisTa damTxveva:

a) sikeTis absoluturobis sakiTxSi;b) RmerTis mistikuri gziT wvdomaSi;g) areopagituli ierarqiisa da petre iberis maswavleb-

lis – ioane lazis mier warmodgenili samyaros safexure-brivi modelis igiveoba.

5. petre iberis friad didi ganswavluloba da misi sayo velTao cnobili didi avtoriteti qristianul samya-roSi, imis udavo safuZvels iZleva, rom masSi areopagi-tuli Txzulebebis SesaZlo avtori davinaxoT.

areopagituli moZRvrebis avtorobis sakiTxze mecnier-ebaSi adre miRebuli Sedegebis gaTvaliswinebiT, romlis Sesaxebac ukve gvqonda saubari da ZiriTadad axla aRniS-nuli daskvnebis safuZvelze, S. nucubiZem petre iberi fsevdo-dionise areopagels gauigiva da igi areopagitikis namdvil avtorad miiCnia1.

S. nucubiZis Tvalsazrisisgan damoukideblad, amave daskvnamde mivida cnobili belgieli bizantologi – er-nest honigmani (1892-1954). imis miuxedavad, rom honigman-isTvis nucubiZis gamokvleva cnobili ar iyo, maTi daskvne-bi bevr punqtSi erTmaneTs emTxveva. honigmanTan nucubiZis mosazrebebisgan mxolod gansxvavebulsa da originalur mignebebs ganvixilavT.

e. honigmani did mniSvnelobas aniWebs germaneli mkvlev ris oto bardenheveris mosazrebas, romlis Tanax-mad, areopagituli Txzulebebis avtori, `ucxoelis eniT laparakobs~. honigmanis gamokvlevaSi aseve didi mniS-vneloba eniWeba zaqaria ritoris cnobas – petre iberisa

1 S. nucubiZis kvleva-Zieba areopagitikis saZiebeli avtoris Sesaxeb Sejamda naSromSi: `petre iberi da antikuri filoso-fiu ri memkvidreoba~. Sromebi. Tb., 1975, V t.

33

da Teodosi ierusalimelisadmi ararsebuli ioane aleqsan-drielis Sromebis miweras. honigmani erTob saintereso kiTxvas svams – sakiTxavia, rogorRa airCia `moxerxebulma yalbismqmnelma~ Tavisi nawarmoebebis avtorebad es ori piri, Tuki isini ar iyvnen cnobilni, rogorc sxva Srome-bis avtorebi?!...1

yvelaferi, rac aq aRiniSna, saintereso da mniSvnelova-nia honigmanis gamokvlevaSi, magram ZiriTadi, riTac av-torma gaamdidra, axali da Taviseuli originaluri momen-ti Seitana areopagituli Txzulebebis saZiebeli avtoris dadgenaSi, aris iereTeosisa da ioane lazis identobis dadgena. honigmani yuradRebas aqcevs im faqts, rom sax-eli iereTeosi am konkretul SemTxvevaSi SeTxzulia da ar gamoxatavs realurad arsebul pirovnebas. Tuki iere-Teosi xelovnurad SeTxzuli saxelia, maSin aseve nayalbevi unda iyos am Txzulebebis avtoris – dionise areopagelis sa xelic, radganac, iereTeosi cnobilia rogorc dionise areopagelis maswavlebeli.

e. honigmanma Zveli berZnuli, siriuli da romauli kalendrebis safuZvliani Seswavlisa da Sejerebis safu-Zvelze daadgina, rom berZnuli, siriuli da romauli eklesia 4 oqtombers aRniSnavda, rogorc iereTeosis mox-seniebis dRed. amasTan, mecnierma yuradReba miaqcia erT aseT mniSvnelovan garemoebas: 465 wlis 4 oqtombers gar-dacvlila petre iberis maswavlebeli – ioane lazi. maSasa-dame, iereTeosis moxseniebisa da ioane lazis gardacvaleb-is dReebi erTmaneTs emTxveva.

aRniSnulis safuZvelze e. honigmani mivida im daskvnam-de, rom iereTeosi da ioane lazi erTi da igive pirovne-baa. iereTeosi fsevdo-dionises maswavlebelia, ioane lazi – petre iberisa. iereTeosisa da ioane lazis indentifika-

1 Э.Хонигман.ПетрИвер и сочинения пс.ДионисияАреопагита. ТрудыТбилисскогогосударственногоуниверситета.1959,т.59,gv.55.

34

cia honigmanisTvis fsevdo-dionise areopagelisa da petre iberis identobis umTavresi safuZveli gaxda.

S. nucubiZisa da e. honigmanis es mosazrebani mec-nierebaSi nucubiZisa da honigmanis fsevdo-dionise are-opagelisa da petre iberis identobis Teoriis saxeliTaa Sesuli (horniusi)1. am Teorias Tavis droze dadebiTad gamoexmaurnen rogorc sabWoTa mecnierebaSi (vl. orlovi, s. sidorova, v. Caloiani, s. yauxCiSvili, l. meliqseTbegi, S. xidaSeli, s. enuqaSvili), ise ucxoeTSi (fr. doelgeri, r. roki, v. ivanka, x. vardi). am Teorias aRtacebiT Sexvdnen dasavleTis avtoritetuli samecniero Jurnalebi2. am Te-oriis marTebulobis SesaZlebloba aRiarebulia SedarebiT gvian TvalsaCino rusi mecnierebis mxridan3 (a. losevi, m. ka pu stini, v. sokolovi...).

`identobis~ Teorias Tavis droze uaryofiTad Sexvda qarTvel mecnierTa erTi nawili4.

1 S. nucubiZe. petre iberi da antikuri filosofiuri memkvid-reoba. Sromebi. V t. gv. 7-12.

2 iqve, gv, 241.3 `Тем не менее вместе с Ш. Нуцубидзе отнесение Ареопагитики к

авторствуПетраИверамысчитаемвесьмавероятным~(А.Лосев.ЭстетикаВозраждения. М., 1978, gv. 23); `На авторству «Ареопагитик»… многсветапролилсоветскийисследовательпроф.Ш.И.Нуцубидзе,которыйпришелквыводу,чтоподлиннымавторомвсехчетырехпроизведениибылгрузинскийфилософПетрИвер~(В.Соколов.Средневековаяфилософия.М.,1979,gv.85);`Такгрузинскийученый(т.е.Ш.Нуцубидзе–М.М.)увлекшись, склонен был из средневековой мистики Псевдо-ДиониссияАреопагита, – тайну которого он раскрыл, что явылось вторым егозначительнымоткрытием~(М.Капустин.ИдеявосточногоРенессансаизападно-восточныйсинтез.Всборникепосв.К90-летиюсоднярожденияШ.И.Нуцубидзе.Тб.,1980,gv.149-150).

4 К. Кекелидзе. Проф. Э. Хонигманн о Петре Ивере и сочиненияхПсевдо-Дионисия Ареопагита. stalinis saxelobis Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitetis Sromebi. Tb., 1956, 63-e t. gv. 421-430; iv. lolaSvili. fsevdo-dionisesa da petre iberielis identurobis problema qarTul da evropul mecnierebaSi. Tb., 1973; С. Данелия. К вопросу о личности Псевдо-Дионисия

35

rogorc vxedavT, nucubiZe-honigmanis identobis Te-oriis mimarT mecnierTa damokidebuleba araerTgvarova-nia. aseT viTarebaSi rogori unda iyos damokidebuleba sakuTriv areopagituli moZRvrebisadmi?

am sakiTxis gasarkvevad Semdeg kiTxvebs unda gaeces pasuxi:

1. ramdenad aris gamarTlebuli petre iberis, rogorc areopagituli Txzulebebis Semqmnelis, miCneva qarTvel avtorad?

2. avtorobis miuxedavad, aqvs raime mniSvneloba areopa-gitul moZRvrebas qarTuli kulturisTvis?

pirvel kiTxvaze pasuxis gacemisas upirvelesad gasaT-valiswinebelia: petre iberma Tavisi cxovrebis didi mo-nakveTi samSoblosgan Sors, ucxo mxareSi gaatara da sa-kuTriv areopagitikac, ucxo – berZnuli enis atikur dialeqtzea dawerili.

petre iberi, axalgazrdobaSi murvanosi, qarTlis mefis varaz bakuris STamomavali iyo, romelic 12 wlis asakSi mZevlad waiyvanes konstantinepolSi, sadac man Tavisi ni-WiTa da unariT didad gamoiCina Tavi. amis Sesaxeb zaqaria ritori gvamcnobs: `xolo ukeTu vinme ikiTxvides, Tu vi-Tar metyvelebda berZul netari petre, me vauwyo. rameTu Cvensa mas yofasa konstantinepolis ezom advilad daiswav-la man enaÎ berZuli da swavlaÎ, vidreRa ukvirda friad mefesa da yovelTa filosofosTa palatisaTa simaxvile gonebisa misisa¡~1.

samefo karze didi warmatebis miuxedavad, petre iberi Tavis maswavlebel – ioane lazTan erTad, romelic iyo `kaci wmidaÎ da ganSorebuli yovlisagan saqmisa borotisa~,

Ареопагита (`Византийский временник~, 1956, т. УШ); misive, Новыйопыт идентификации Псевдо-Дионисия Ареопагита с Петром Ивером. saqarTvelos ssr mecnierebaTa akademiis sazogadoebriv mecnierebaTa ganyofilebis moambe. 1960, I t. gv. 269-273.

1 qarTuli proza. Tb., 1982, III t. gv. 31-32.

36

palestinaSi wavida da berad aRikveca. am droisTvis igi 20-22 wlisa iyo. petre ibers Tan axlda sxva qarTvelebic, maT Soris, zaqaria qarTvelic, romelsac ekuTvnis mis Sesax-eb biografia. aRniSnuli biografia XIII Tu XIV saukuneSi gadmoaqarTula makari mesxma. swored zaqaria qarTvelis biografiaSi petre iberi moxseniebulia rogorc `mnaTob palestinisa~, `viTarca xe keTili da Svenieri Tanawar-sadinelsa saRmrToTa werilTasa~, `samkauli da siqaduli qarTvelTasa da meoxisa yovlisa soflisasa~... da, rac mTa-varia, amas gvamcnobs petre iberTan daaxloebuli piri, romelic siyrmidanve Tan axlda mas: `xolo... pirvelad vauwyo... moqalaqobaÎ misi da didebulebaÎ sakvirvelebaTa da saswaulTa misTaÎ. da rameTu ara sxvaTagan Txrobilsa gina sxvisagan smenilsa moqene var aRwerad, aramed romel-sa TviT TvaliTa mxilvel viqmen, igi aRvwero, rameTu si-yrmiTgan Seudeg me wmidasa mas, viTarca Svili erTguli, sadac igi arn da sadaca warvaln~1.

aq aRniSnuliT, erTi mxriv, cxadi xdeba petre iberis didi ganswavluloba da avtoriteti, xolo, meore mxriv, misi moRvaweoba qarTul garemoSi. isic cnobilia, rom pe-tre iberi mis mier agebul eklesiebsa da masTan dakavSire-bul adgilebs qarTul saxelebs arqmevda da saerTod, igi bevrs zrunavda qarTuli kulturisTvis.

italielma arqeologma virjilio korbom palestinaSi, beTlemis maxloblad aRmoaCina petre iberis mier aSene-buli qarTuli eklesiis nangrevebi. cnobili arqeologis SeniSvniT, es monasteri Tavisi gegmiT, Rvinisa da zeTis-xilis sawuravebiT, aq moRvawe berebis saqmianobiT, gansx-vavebulad gamoiyureba iudas udabnos sxva monastrebTan SedarebiT2.

1 qarTuli proza. III t. gv. 26-27.2 g. wereTeli. uZvelesi qarTuli warwerebi palestinidan. Tb.,

1960, gv. 9.

37

petre iberis moRvweobasa da aRmSeneblobiT saqmi-

anobas palestinaSi didi yuradReba miaqcia akademikosma

giorgi wereTelma (1904-1973). igi aRniSnavs, rom petre ib-

ers auSenebia es monasteri da amasTana `Seumkia igi qar-

Tuli warwerebiT, sadac TviT misi, misi mamisa da papis

saxelebia moxseniebuli~ da rac mTavaria, es warwerebi

mniSvnelovania imiTac, rom yvelaze uZvelesia dRemde ar-

sebul Zvel qarTul warwerebs Soris. `...vinaidan naxevari

saukuniT mainc win uswreben dRemde yvelaze Zvelad miC-

neul bolnisis warwerebs~1.

amave gamokvlevaSi g. wreTeli ar iziarebs akademikos

korneli kekeliZis Tvalsazriss, romlis Tanaxmadac, pe-

tre iberi `gaizarda bizantiis kulturul sferoSi, ikve-

beboda im sulieri sazrdoTi, romelsac is poulobda ber-

Znulsa da siriul wreebSi~. g. wereTlis azriT, eklesiis

nangrevebze aRmoCenili warwerebiT, es mosazreba ar das-

turdeba! `nawilobriv es mosazreba adrec iwvevda eWvs. V

saukunis didi qarTveli moRvawe murvan-petre cnobili iyo

mTels aRmosavleTSi petre iverielis, anu petre qarTve-

lis saxeliT. safiqrebelia, qarTvelad (iverielad) imitom

iwodeboda igi sxva erebis warmomadgenelTa mier, rom ase

uwodebda da, maSasadame, ase Tvlida igi Tavis Tavs. amitom

saeWvoa vifiqroT, rom kulturis moRvawes, romelic Tavis

Tavs qarTvelad Tvlida, araviTari kavSiri ar hqonda qar-

Tul kulturul samyarosTan da rom igi gaurboda mas~2.

qarTveli ufliswulis aSenebuli eklesia da warwerebi...

`mowmobs, rom igi mWidrod yofila dakavSirebuli qar-

Tul kulturul samyarosTan da imdroindel wminda adgi-

lebSi moRvaweobiT mas qarTuli ena da qarTuli kultura

saerTaSoriso sarbielze gahqonda~3. aqve, avtori varauds

1 g. wereTeli. dasax. naSr., gv. 29.2 iqve, gv.46.3 iqve.

38

gamoTqvams, rom iqneb petre iberisa da misi msgavsi sxva

palestineli qarTveli moRvaweebis damsaxurebiT ukve VI

saukunisTvis qarTvelebma moipoves ufleba palestinis

udides lavraSi, sadac berZnebi iyvnen gabatonebulni,

`warTqvan Jamni da samxrisaÎ, warikiTxon samociqulo da saxareba TavianT deda enaze~, rogorc amas saba ganwmind-

elis `anderZi~ mowmobs.

g. wereTlis Tvalsazriss mTlianad eTanxmeba Salva xi-

daSeli da Tavis mxriv, gamoTqvams sayuradRebo mosazre-

bas: petre iberi aucileblad Tvlis warwerebSi moixseni-

os mama-papis saxelebi da Tavisi Tavi `...ara keisris karze

Serqmeuli, da arc palestinaSi SeZenili saxeliT, romelic

ufro metad Seefereboda mis samonastro moRvaweobas, ara-

med saxeliT, romelic mas mSoblebma Searqves da romli-

Tac igi sakuTar qveyanaSi iyo cnobili~1.

aRniSnuliT cxadi xdeba, rom samSoblosgan mowyveti-

li, ucxo mxareSi gadaxvewili petre iberi, qarTul garemos

ar iyo CamoSorebuli da mas qarTuli sinamdvile arasodes

daviwyebia. SeiZleba iTqvas, rom petre iberi mxolod war-

moSobiT ar yofila qarTveli.

petre iberis biografiaSi umniSvnelovanesia misi aRm-

sareblobis sakiTxi, kerZod: monofiziti iyo igi Tu di-

ofiziti. saqme is aris, rom swored aRmsareblobasTan

mimarTebiT gaugebrobis gamo petre iberis Rvawli da dam-

saxureba araerTgvarovnad iyo gagebuli saqarTveloSi da

misi saxeli xan qarTvel wmindanTa dasSi moixsenieboda, xan

kidev ara. samwuxarod, es viTareba dRemde grZeldeba.

qarTul mecnierebaSi jerjerobiT ar arsebobs saboloo

pasuxi imis Taobaze, Tu ris safuZvelze Seracxa wmindanad

saqarTvelos eklesiam XIII saukuneSi V saukunis gamoCeni-

li qarTveli saeklesio moRvawe, petre iberi, an Semdgom

1 S. xidaSeli. samkauli da siqaduli qarTvelTa. `ciskari~, 1969, #4, gv. 141.

39

ratom amoricxa igi XVIII saukuneSi wmindanTa siidan. CvenSi

gavrcelebuli saerTo azriT, saqarTvelos eklesiidan pe-

tre iberis saxelis mokveTa misma monofiziturma aRmsare-

blobam ganapiroba. samwuxarod, petre iberis aRmsareblo-

bis sakiTxi jerovnad araa Seswavlili, rac misi saxelis

irgvliv gaugebrobis safuZvelia.

arada, petre iberis aRmsareblobis garkvevas didi

mniSvneloba aqvs fsevdo-dionise areopagelisa da petre

iberis identobis sakiTxis gasarkvevad. saqme is aris, rom

dRemde sakamaToa rogorc areopagituli Txzulebebis

mo no fizitoba-dofiziturobis sakiTxi, ise petre iberis

monofizituri Tu diofizituri aRmsarebloba.

bolo xanebSi es sakiTxi ganixiles elguja xinTibiZem,

gvanca koplataZem da guram TevzaZem.

e. xinTibiZe Tavis erT statiaSi, romelic fsevdo-dio-

nisesa da petre iberis identobas exeba, gamoTqvams varau-

ds, rom V saukunidan dRemde orTodoqsul-diofizituri

pozicia ueWvelad icvleboda. srulad SesaZlebelia, rom

es cvlileba mimdinareobda areopagitul TeologiasTan

diofizituri poziciis daaxloebis niSniT. meore mxriv,

sruliad SesaZlebelia, rom V saukuneSi areopagitika ixre-

boda monofizitobisken1.

e. xinTibiZis SeniSvniT, VI saukuneSi areopagitul

Txzu lebebSi diofizituri pozicia ar igulisxmeboda. sxva

SemTxvevaSi 532 wlis konstantinepolis saeklesio krebaze

amiT ar ixelmZRvanelebdnen monofizitebi. maSasadame, sa-

Wiro iyo areopagitikis diofizituri ganmarteba, rac ga-

naxorcieles maqsime aRmsarebelma da germane patriarqma2.

aq bunebrivad dgeba kiTxva: monofizitebisa da dio-

fizitebis am davaSi ra pozicia ekava petre ibers? mTeli

1 Э.Хинтибидзе.НовыйаргументобидентификацииПетреИверасПсевдо-ДионисиемАреопагитом. `Византиноведческие этюды~, Тб., 1991, gv., 143.

2 iqve.

40

rigi garemoebebis gaTvaliswinebiT, e. xinTibiZe am kiTxvas-

Tan mimarTebiT gamoTqvams sayuradRebo azrs: `ase rom,

usityvod arc im postulatis gaziareba SeiZleba, rom pe-

tre iberi Tavis sicocxlis bolomde darCa Seupovar mono-

fizitad da arc imis, rom areopagituli Txzulebebi Tavis

pirvel redaqciaSi ukve iyo diofizituri~1.

e. xinTibiZe fiqrobs, rom fsevdo-dionisesa da petre

iberis identobis gasarkvevad jer kidev bevria gasakeTebe-

li. Tumca, misive azriT, jerjerobiT ar arsebobs mecnie-

ruli argumenti da is wyaro, romelic uaryofda fsevdo-

dionisesa da petre iberis identobis SesaZleblobebs2.

e. xinTibiZe aqve SeniSnavs, rom aqamde yuradReba ar

miuqceviaT erTi garemoebisTvis, rac udavod daexmare-

ba mkvlevrebs aRniSnuli identobis sakiTxis garkvevaSi.

avtors mxedvelobaSi aqvs areopagituli mistikis warmo-

mavloba kapadokieli mamebis, kerZod, basili didis misti-

kuri moZRvrebidan3.

amasTan, areopagituli mistikis kavSiri da warmoma-

vloba plotines misticizmTan eWvgareSea da SesaZlebelia

sakuTriv basili didis mistikuri moZRvrebac plotines

misticizmidan momdinareobdes da amiT iyo ganpirobebuli

basili didis mistikur moZRvrebasa da areopagitul mis-

ticizms Soris siaxlove.

g. koplataZem ramdenime werili miuZRvna petre iberis

aRmsareblobis sakiTxs (ix. misi werilebi: `petre iberis

aRmsareblobisaTvis~. gazeTi `literaturuli saqarTve-

lo~, 1994, #39-40; `wmida petre iberi~. gazeTi `madli~, 1994,

#10; `isev wm. petre iberis Sesaxeb~. `madli~, 1995, #4).

winaswar SevniSnavT, rom g. koplataZis mosazrebaTa Ri-

rebulebas zrdis isic, rom misi aRniSvniT, `petre iberis

1 Э.Хинтибидзе.dasax. naSr., gv. 143.2 iqve.3 iqve.

41

aRmsareblobis garkveva aucilebeli pirobaa im kiTxvaze

pasuxis gasacemad, SeiZleba Tu ara iyos igi avtori areo-

pagituli wignebisa~.

g. koplataZe zogadad mimoixilavs petre iberis bio-

grafiebs (zaqaria ritori, ioane rufusi, zaqaria qarTve-

li, asuruli teqstis anonimi avtori), maTgan gansakuTre-

bul adgils zaqaria qarTvelis `petre iberis cxovrebisa~

da anonimi avtoris asuruli teqstis SedarebiT analizs

uTmobs, ris safuZvelzec petre iberis aRmsareblobaze

Sesabamis daskvnas akeTebs.

g. koplataZis werilebSi kritikulad aris Sefasebuli

qarTvel mecnierTa (k. kekeliZe, S. nucubiZe, a. gawerelia,

i. lolaSvili) Tvalsazrisebi, romelTagan zogierTi (k.

kekeliZe, a. gawerelia) angariSs uwevs petre iberis mxo-

lod monofizit biografebs (zaqaria ritori, ioane rufu-

si) da zaqaria qarTvelis istoriulobas uaryofs, rasac g.

kop lataZe ar iziarebs. igi arc im azrs iziarebs, romlis

Tanaxmad, zaqaria qarTveli petres biografiis diofizi-

turi interpretaciis avtoradaa miCneuli (S. nucubiZe, i.

lolaSvili).

g. koplataZis mosazrebebidan gamovyofT sam, mTavar

moments:

1. cnobilia, rom palestinidan monofizitebma gaaZeves

qalkedoniki (diofiziti) patriarqi iubenali, romelic Se-

mdgom imperatoris jarTan erTad dabrunda ierusalimSi

da Tanamdebobidan yvela monofiziti episkoposi gadaaye-

na. iubenali ar Seexo petre ibers, rasac zaqaria ritori

petre iberisadmi dedofali pulxerias keTilganwyobiT

xsnis. am faqts, g. koplataZis SeniSvniT, mkvlevrebi ukri-

tikod iReben da amis safuZvelze petre ibers monofizitad

miiCneven. g. koplataZe ki am movlenas axleburad xsnis da

sruliad gansxvavebul daskvnas akeTebs. kerZod, am faqtis

analizisas igi yuradRebas amaxvilebs im garemoebaze, rom

dedofal pulxerias cxovreba marTlmadidebluri rwmeni-

42

sadmi erTguli samsaxuris nimuSi iyo, amitomac petre ibe-

ri monofiziti rom yofiliyo, igi mas xels ar daafarebda.

2. imperator zenons (474-491), romelic aRmsareblobiT

monofiziti iyo, Seudgenia henotikoni, romelic monofizi-

tebisadmi garkveul daTmobas warmoadgenda. kerZod, masSi

aRiarebuli iyo mxolod pirveli sami saeklesio krebis

dadgenilebani, xolo qalkedonis meoTxe krebas (451 w.), sa-

dac ganisazRvra marTlmadidebluri sarwmunoebis dogmati

qristes orbunebovnebaze (diofizitoba), dumiliT uvlis

gverds. am dokumentze petre ibers xeli ar mouweria, rac,

g. koplataZis azriT, misi diofizituri aRmsareblobiT

iyo ganpirobebuli.

3. polemikur werilSi – `isev wm. petre iberis Sesaxeb“

g. koplataZe erTmaneTs adarebs zaqaria qarTvelis `petre

iberis cxovrebasa~ da anomimi avtoris asurul teqsts da

am Sedarebis safuZvelze akeTebs daskvnas, ris Tanaxmad

qarTuli teqsti petre iberis diofizitobis damadastu-

rebelia, xolo asurul teqstSi sinamdvileze Zaldatane-

biT petres monofizitobis dasabuTebis mcdelobaa: `pir-

vel rigSi unda aRiniSnos, rom petres cxovrebis qarTul

redaqciaSi petres diofizitad warmoCenis gansakuTrebu-

li mcde loba arsad ar igrZnoba, maSin roca asureli re-

daqcia, miuxedavad imisa, arsebobs Tu ara amis saWiroeba,

mas Tavgamodebul monofizitad warmoadgens. qarTuli re-

daqciis Txrobis siwrfele imaze metyvelebs, rom avtors

gamogonili ambebis Tu realuri faqtebis sakuTari in-

terpretaciebi Tavisi personaJis marTlsarwmuneobis dasa-

mtkiceblad, rac misTvis isedac cxadi iyo, ar sWirdeboda~

(`madli~,1995, №4).garda amisa, petre iberis diofizitobis dasasabuTe-

blad g. koplataZis werilebSi, aseve damajerebelia misi

msjelobani petre iberis aleqsandriaSi, monofiziti timo-

Te eluris mmarTvelobis periodSi iqidan ganridebaze da

43

isev aleqsandriaSi ukan dabrunebaze qalkedoniki (diofi-

ziti) episkoposis Jams.

g. TevzaZe petre iberis Sesaxeb naSromSi yuradRebas

aqcevs im garemoebas, rom saukuneebis ganmavlobaSi petre

iberis saxeli saqarTveloSi daviwyebuli iyo da didi xnis

Semdeg pirvelad vaxtang VI-s saxeliT gamocemul `qarTlis

cxovrebaSi~ gvxdeba ori didi CanarTi petre iberis Sesa-

xeb. avtoris SeniSvniT, `es mefe vaxtang VI-s arCevania da

mis, rogorc qarTuli kulturis mkvlevris da moWirnaxu-

lis SorsmWvretelobaze miuTiTebs~1.

g. TevzaZis naSromSi mTavari is Tvalsazrisia, rom lis

Tanaxmad, petre iberi im safuZvlebis erTguli rCe bo da,

romelic qristianobaSi dapirispirebebs ae rTia nebda, `rom

didi mRvdelTmTavari (petre iberi, – m. m.) dapirispi-

rebulobaze maRla mdgom Rirebulebebs emsa xureboda da

saerTod, zogad adamianur sasuliero zneob riv princi-

pebs aviTarebda, rac uflebas aZlevda mis biografs xazi

gaesva ara mxolod saqarTvelos, aramed sakacobrio suli-

eri kulturis winaSe am didi moazrovnisa da morwmunis

damsaxurebisTvis~2.

g. TevzaZis naSromSi udavod Rirebulia im momentebze

xazgasma, rom epoqa, romelSic petre iberi moRvaweobda da

mis Semdgomac, kavkasiaSi, kerZod, saqarTvelosa da som-

xeTSi `sruliad monofizituri anda diofizituri“ ar yo-

fila.3 marTlac, saqarTvelosa da somxeTis sazogadoebis

Camoyalibeba diofizitebad da monofizitebad erTbaSad

ar momxdara da garkveulad droSi gagrZelebuli procesi

iyo, rac sabolood qarTulsa da somxur eklesiebs Soris

ganxeTqilebiT dasrulda.

1 g. TevzaZe. petre iberi. Tb., 2009, gv. 5.2 iqve, gv. 8.3 iqve, gv. 16.

44

g. TevzaZe imave naSromSi exeba identobis sakiTxsac

da mas fsevdo-dionises saxeliT cnobili Txzulebebis

avtorobis Sesaxeb arsebul 22 hipoTezaTa Soris, nucubiZe-

honigmanis pozicia yvelaze safuZvlianad miiCnia1. rac

mTavaria, misive sarwmuno SeniSvniT, avtorobis miuxedavad,

petre iberis mier `...wamoyenebuli principebi adamianis

rogorc pirovnebis, Tavisi Tavis, kacobriobis da RmerTis

winaSe pasuxismgebelis, msoflmxedvelobis arsebiTi as peq-

tebis wamowevisaTvis mas, marTlac ekuTvnis pativi CaiT valos

saqarTvelos siamayed da saerTod kacobriobis meoxad~2.

aq petre iberis Rvawlis axlebur danaxvasa da war-

moCenasTan gvaqvs saqme. kerZod, petre iberis Rvawli da

damsaxureba mxolod areopagitikis avtorobiT ki ar unda

gaizomos, aramed amis gareSec da am mimarTebiT momavalSi

kvleva und gagrZeldes.

naSromSi g. TevzaZe aseve naTlad aCvenebs petre iberis

Rrma ganswavlulobas Teologiasa da filosofiaSi3.

bolos kvlav unda gavimeoroT, rom petre iberis aRm-

sareblobis sakiTxis garkvevas didi mniSvneloba aqvs are-

opagituli Txzulebebis avtoris dadgenaSi sicxadis Sesa-

tanad, razedac, rogorc aRiniSna, miuTiTebs g. kop lataZe.

axla meore kiTxvis Sesaxeb. sakmarisia Sua saukuneebis

qarTuli kulturis umniSvnelovanesi warmomadgenlebis

SemoqmedebaTa ubralo Tvalis gadavleba da cxadi gax deba,

saerTod neoplatonuri filosofiisa da, kerZod, areopa-

gitikis udidesi mniSvneloba qarTuli filosofiuri azris

CamoyalibebaSi.

areopagituli Txzulebebis berZnulidan qarTul enaze

mTargmneli – XI saukunis gamoCenili qarTveli moazrovne

efrem mcire `qarTuli neoplatonizmis~ TvalsaCino warmo-

1 g. TevzaZe. petre iberi. gv. 21-22.2 iqve, gv. 22.3 iqve, gv. 6-12.

45

madgenelia. es mis mier saTargmnelad SerCeuli lite-

raturidanac kargad Cans (areopagitika, ioane damaske lis

Txzulebani...).

areopagitulma moZRvrebam didi gavlena moaxdina XI-XII

saukuneebis qarTul saero literaturaze. am epo qis mexo-

tbeTaTvis (SavTeli, CaxruxaZe) areopagitul moZRvrebaSi

gatarebuli Tvalsazrisi RvTaebis miuR wev lobisa da Se-

umecnebadobis Sesaxeb, saerTo msoflmxed velobriv fons

warmoadgenda, romelmac gansazRvra maTi bevri metaforis

xasiaTi (S. xidaSeli).

areopagituli moZRvrebis didi gavlenaa rusTavelis

`vefxistyaosanSi~, sadac mocemulia pirdapiri miTiTeba

`brZen divnosze~ – fsevdo-dioniseze (`am saqmesa dafa-

rulsa brZeni divnos gaacxadebs~). `vefxistyaosanSi~ gaTa-

vi sebulia sikeTis absoluturobisa da borotebis ara-

substanciurobis Tvalsazrisi (`RmerTi kargsa moavlinebs

da borotsa ar dadebs~). es Tvalsazrisi plotines filo-

sofiidan iwyeba da sabolood dasrulebul saxes areo-

pagitikaSi iRebs.

Semdegi saukuneebis saqarTvelos kulturaSi areo-

pagi tuli moZRvrebis gavlenas varaudoben daviT gu ra-

miSvilTan (r. TvaraZe), Wabua amirejibTan, nodar du-

mbaZesTan, revaz inaniSvilTan (S. xidaSeli). eWvgareSea,

rom amgvari gavlena iqneba sxvebTanac da ara mxolod mwer-

lebTan, ris gamokvlevac momavlis saqmea.

zemoaRniSnuli safuZvels iZleva, raTa mTlianad ga-

vi ziaroT S. xidaSelis is mosazreba, romlis Tanaxmad

`areopagitikis qarTulad gadaTargmnis TviT faqti, imis

miuxedavad, Tu vin iyo misi avtori, mniSvnelovania Tavisi

gavleniT qarTuli Sua saukuneebis ideologiaze~1.

1 Ш.Хидашели.ОсновныемировоззреническиенаправлениявфеодальнойГрузии.Тб.,1962,gv.259.

46

isic unda aRiniSnos, rom pirveli reaqciebis (s. da ne-

lia da k. kekeliZe, ucxoeli avtorebi, mogvianebiT iv. lo-

laSvili) Semdeg es sakiTxi aRar gamxdara aqtiuri gansjis

sagani. rac Seexeba rus avtorebs (v. orlovi, n. si do rova,

mogvianebiT a. losevi, m. kapustini, v. sokolovi), es ufro

Teoriaze mxardaWera iyo da ara mecnieruli kvleva-Zieba

problemebis irgvliv.

arsebiTad aseve SeiZleba iTqvas im qarTveli avtore-

bis naSromebze, romlebSic gadmocemulia identobis Te-

oriis arsi da maTSi nacadia kidec am Teoriis gamagreba,

magram es saerTo viTarebas ver cvlis da ufro dainter-

esebul mkiTxvels Seaxsenebs, rom arsebobs aseTi hipoTeza

Tu Teoria1.

am fonze uyuradRebod ver davtovebT somexi mec-

nieris sen arevSatianis mier 30 wlis win gamoqveynebul,

erTi SexedviT uwyinar opuss, romelSic man areopagitu-

li Txzulebebis yvelaze SesaZlebel avtorad gamoacxada

V-VI saukuneebis gamoCenili somexi filosofosi daviT an-

haRTi (uZleveli). es Tvalsazrisi avtors gamoTqmuli aqvs

1980 wels erevanSi somxurad gamocemuli daviT anhaRTis

filosofiuri Txzulebebis winasityvaSi2.

s. arevSatians fsevdo-dionise areopagelisa da daviT

anhaRTis igiveobisTvis ori argumenti mohyavs:

1 ix. S. xidaSeli. petre iberisa da fsevdo-dionise areopagelis igiveobis sakiTxisaTvis. `mnaTobi~, 1957, #5; misive, samkauli da siqaduli qarTvelTa. `ciskari~, 1969, #4; m. maxaraZe. `qarTuli neoplatonizmis~ cneba da identurobis Teoria~; m. maxaraZe. werilebi qarTul filosofiaze. Tb., 1988; agreTve, g. TevzaZis, e. xinTibiZisa da g. koplataZis ganxiluli naSromebi.

2 s. arevSatianis winasityvis es adgili somxuri enidan qarTulad Targmna zaza aleqsiZem da igi Sesulia r. TvaraZis werilis – `petre iberieli da daviT uZleveli~ – minawerSi. ix. r. TvaraZe – Txutmetsaukunovani mTlianoba. Tb., 1985, gv. 201-204.

47

1. s. arevSatianis azriT, daviT anhaRTisa da dionise

areopagelisadmi miweril TxzulebebSi aris Sexedulebebis

garkveuli erToba da zogjer igiveoba. avtors ZiriTadad

mxedvelobaSi aqvs daviT anhaRTis `gansazRvrebaTa wigni~

da areopagituli traqtati `zeciuri ierarqia~, sadac ga-

tarebuli azrebi RmerTis Semecnebasa da wvdomaze, RmerT-

Tan gaerTianebaze erTmaneTTan axlosaa, ramac avtors Sem-

dgomi kvleva-Ziebisken ubiZga. kerZod, misive aRniSvniT, es

Tanxvedra imiT xom ar aris gamowveuli, rom orive naSroms

erTi da igive avtori hyavs.1

ra SeiZleba iTqvas am argumentis Sesaxeb?

jer erTi, Sua saukuneebis rogorc religiuri, ise

religiur-filosofiuri azrovnebisTvis amgvari azrebi

imdenad saerToa da sayovelTaodaa damaxasiaTebeli, rom

konkretul moazrovneebTan, Cven SemTxvevaSi daviT anhaR-

Tisa da fsevdo-dionises msoflmxedvelobebSi am azrebis

msgavseba da Tundac igiveoba, ver gamodgeba am avtorTa

identifikaciisTvis.

meore da mTavari: s. arevSatianis damowmebuli azre-

bi anhaRTis `gansazRvrebaTa wignidan~ da areopagituli

`zeciuri ierarqiidan~ sworedac rom ar Tanxvdeba erTma-

neTs. kerZod, rogorc es daviT anhaRTis `gansazRvrebaTa

wigni~s erTi adgilis arevSatianiseuli perifrazidan Cans,

anhaRTi Teoriul filosofias yofs fizikad, maTematikad

da RvTismetyvelebad. anhaRTis azriT, brZens mxolod

abstraqtuli azrovnebis, maTematikis saSualebiT SeuZlia

xidi gados grZnobadsa da zegrZnobads Soris da gada-

vides RvTismetyvelebaze2. avtori SeniSnavs, rom amasve

am bobs areopagelio da imowmebs `zeciur ierarqias~: `amis

gamo Cve ni bunebis Tvisebaa is, rom Cven ar SegviZlia uSu-

alod avmaRldeT sulieri arsis Semecnebamde~.

1 r. TvaraZe. dasax. naSr., gv. 202.2 iqve.

48

aq motanili Tvalsazrisis ubralod Sedarebidanac na-

Tlad Cans, rom sruliad usafuZvloa am azrebis identoba-

ze saubari. rac Seexeba msgavsebas, vimeorebT, msgavsi azre-

bi Sua saukuneebis azrovnebisTvis Cveulebrivi movlenaa.

2. s. arevSatianis azriT, `gansazRvrebaTa wignSi~ daviT

anhaRTi aRniSnavs, rom filosofiis mizania – `kaci SeZlebi-

samebr~ daemsgavsos RmerTs, rom filosofosi aris ara is,

vinc Zalian bevri icis da bevris Sesaxeb SeuZlia msjelo-

ba, aramed is, vinc wmindad da mociqulebrivad cxovrobs,

vinc cdilobs daemsgavsos umaRles arsebas, RmerTs1. arev-

Satianis azriT, amasve amtkicebs fsevdo-dionise `zeciuri

ierarqiaSi~, `Cemi azriT mRvdeloba aris mecniereba da mo-

qmedeba, romelic SeZlebisamebr amsgavsebs RmerTis mSve-

nierebas da mihyavs SesaZlebel RmerTisadmi msgavsebamde~2.

jer erTi, damowmebuli adgili `zeciuri ierarqiidan~

sulac ar amtkicebs daviT anhaRTis filosofiidan arev-

Satianiseul perifrazSi gatarebul azrs da meorec: asec

rom iyos, arc anhaRTisa da arc fsevdo-dionises es azre-

bi ar aris originaluri. igi zogadad damaxasiaTebeli iyo

Sua saukuneebis religiur-filosofiuri msoflmxedvelo-

bisTvis.

amis Semdeg s. arevSatiani sxva mimarTebiT agrZelebs

msjelobas. misi aRniSvniT, oTxi areopagituli Txzule-

bidan oris – `zeciuri ierarqia~ da `saeklesio ierarqia~,

somxuri Targmanis xelnawerebs rogorc matenadaranisas,

ise ierusalimis wm. hakobianTa somxuri monastris xelna-

werTa sacavSi, Tavsa da boloSi berZnuli asoebiT, wiTeli

da Savi melniT aweria: `daviTi~, `daviT garecav~, `daviT

– srbu¡n dionise~ – `daviTis~, `daviTma dawera~, `daviTma

– wminda dionises~3.

1 r. TvaraZe. dasax. naSr., gv. 202.2 iqve.3 iqve.

49

aRniSnulis safuZvelze s. arevSatiani fiqrobs, rom

xelnawerebis gadamwerebma raRac saidumlo icodnen da

es avtors safuZvels aZlevs kategoriuli daskvnisTvis:

`areopagituli literaturis avtoris saidumlos amosaxs-

nelad, Cveni azriT, daviT anhaRTis saxels meti ufleba

aqvs mimoqcevaSi yofnisa, vidre yvela dRemde gamoTqmul

hipoTezas~1.

jer vikiTxoT am xelnawerebze arsebul warwerebSi

`daviTis~ Sesaxeb ratom igulisxmeba maincdamainc daviT

anhaRTi? es s. arevSatianis winasityvidan ar Cans.

ase rom, saTanado kvleva-Ziebis gareSe, es warwerebi

arafris mTqmelia. amasTan, problema, romelic saukuneebis

ganmavlobaSi `awvalebda~ mecnierebas da ucxo ar yofila

somexi mkvlevrebisTvis (mag., v. Caloiani), daujerebelia,

rom yuradRebis gareSe darCenodaT es faqti.

gakvirvebas iwvevs is faqti, rom aseTi kategoriuli

daskvnis avtori ubralodac ar mianiSnebs am sakiTxSi yve-

laze gaxmaurebeli nucubiZe-honigmanis Teoriis Sesaxeb,

rac TavisTavad badebs eWvs tendenciurobaze.

s. arevSatiani erT winaaRmdegobas awydeba, kerZod: or,

Tanac mTavari areopagituli Txzulebebis – `RvTaebrivi

saxelebis Sesaxeb~ da `mistikuri Teologia~ somxur Targ-

mans amgvari warwerebi (`daviTi~ da sxv.) ar aqvs. amitomac

avtori erTgvar `kompromisze~ midis da aRniSnavs: `Cveni

azriT, areopagituli wignebi koleqtiuri Sromis nayofia~2.

isic unda iTqvas, rom areopagituli moZRvrebis avto-

ris sidide da sidiade upirvelesad swored – `RvTaebrivi

saxelebis Sesaxeb~ da `mistikuri Teologiis Sesaxeb~ tra-

qtatebSi mJRavndeba. es garemoeba aucileblad gasaTva-

liswinebelia, miT umetes, roca mkvlevars aseT mniSvne-

lovan aRmoCenaze aqvs pretenzia.

1 r. TvaraZe. dasax. naSr., gv. 203.2 iqve.

50

aRsaniSnavia isic, rom s. arevSatiani somxuri eklesiis

mier daviT anhaRTis wmindanad Seracxvis faqtsac iyenebs

Tavisi mosazrebis gansamtkiceblad. avtoris azriT, anhaR-

Tis wmindanTa Soris Seracxva gvkarnaxobs, `rom somxurma

eklesiam cno da daafasa misi raRac gansakuTrebuli dam-

saxureba. mxolod saero filosofiuri, logikuri Sromebis

avtori verasodes gaxdeboda aseTi gansakuTrebuli pati-

vis Rirsi~1.

swored es aris damafiqrebeli. iseT saero filoso-

fossa da logikuri Sromebis avtors, rogoric iyo daviT

anhaRTi, Znelad savaraudoa, rom aseTi wminda saeklesio

religiuri traqtatebi daewera. amasTan, oTxive areopa-

gitul traqtatsa da epistoleebs Soris Sinagani kavSiri

da siaxlove imdenad cxadia, rom s. arevSatianis mxridan

`koleqtiur Sromaze~ saubari, yovelgvar safuZvelsaa mok-

lebuli.

rac Seexeba somxuri eklesiis mier daviT anhaRTis

wmindanad Seracxvas, amisTvis sruliad sakmarisi iyo misi

didi damsaxureba somxuri kulturis winaSe. amis uamravi

magaliTi arsebobs sxva xalxTa istoriaSi.

aqve unda aRvniSnoT erTi, arcTu ise umniSvnelo, gare-

moebac. imave 1980 wels, roca erevanSi gamoqveynda daviT

anhaRTis filosofiuri Txzulebebi somxur enaze s. arev-

Satianis winasityvaobiT, moskovSi, gamomcemloba `Наука~-m gamosca imave avtoris naSromi – `Давид Непобедимый~, ro-melSic arevSatiani saerTod arafers ambobs Tavis `aRmo-

Cenaze~. metic, am naSromSi gamoTqmuli azrebi daviT anhaR-

Tis msoflmxedvelobis saero xasiaTze, Tavdayira ayenebs

arevSatianis Sexedulebebs somxuri gamocemis winasityvaSi.

rogorc aRiniSna, s. arevSatianis azriT, somxuri ekle-

sia aseT saero filosofoss wmindanad ar Seracxavda, Tu

ara misi raRac saidumlo damsaxureba eklesiis winaSe (pir-

1 r. TvaraZe. dasax. naSr., gv. 3-4.

51

dapir igulisxmeba anhaRTis mxridan `zeciuri ierarqiisa~

da `saeklesio ierarqiis~ avtoroba).

axla SevexoT amis sapirispiro azrebs rusuli gamoc-

midan. s. arevSatianis azriT, XVIII s-Si qarTul enaze Targ-

mnilma daviT anhaRTis Sromebma keTilSobiluri gavlena

moaxdina qarTuli filosofiuri azris saero mimarTule-

bis ganviTarebaze1.

aseTive gavlena hqonda daviT anhaRTis msoflmxedve-

lobas somxur filosofiaze. swored anhaRTis Sromebisa

da TargmanTa wyalobiT, `Zveli somxeTis filosofiurma

azrma Tavi daaRwia qristianuli Teologiis marwuxebs

da SeinarCuna Tavisufleba~2 (xazgasma Cemia, – m. m.).

kidev erTi adgili s. arevSatianis wignidan: `daviTis

mecnieruli memkidreoba stimuls aZlevda saero ideebis

zrdas, xolo maT avtor filosofosebs rwmenas matebda ima-

Si, rom daviTis, rogorc maTi mokavSiris, avtoriteti dae-

xmareboda maT saeklesio mwignobarTa Tavdasxmebisgan~3

(xazgasma Cemia, – m. m.).

ar aris swori s. arevSatianis azri imis Taobaze, rom

areopagitikis somxuri Targmani, romelic Sesrulebulia

716-717 ww-Si, uZvelesia sxva TargmanTa Soris. sinamdvile-

Si areopagituli Txzulebebi pirvelad iTargmna siriul

enaze da igi ekuTvnis petre iberis mowafes sergios re-

Sainels, romelic moRvaweobda V-VI ss.-Si.

dasasrul ki aRvniSnavT, rom 1980 wlis maisis TveSi

somexma xalxma maRal doneze aRniSna daviT anhaRTis da-

badebidan 1500 wlisTavi. am iubiles eswreboda da konfe-

renciaze moxsenebiT gamovida cnobili qarTveli mecnieri,

profesori revaz TvaraZe (1928-2006). igi SeniSnavs, rom am

saiubileo dReebSi araferi Tqmula am axali saocari `aR-

1 С.Аревшатян.ДавидНепобедимый.М.,1980,gv. 5.2 iqve, gv. 19.3 iqve, gv. 57.

52

moCenis~ Sesaxeb da iqve dasZens: `ase marjved Seicvala fse-

vdo-dionise areopagelisa da petre iberielis pirovnebaTa

identobis nucubiZe-honigmaniseuli Teoria areopagelisa

da daviT uZlevelis identobis arevSatianiseuli hipote-

ziT. Seicvala uwyinrad, uCumrad, zedmeti xmauris gareSe.

xmauri ki ara, imxela iubiles msvlelobis dros krintic