ARCHITECTURE OF WORKPLACES 1

ARCHITECTURE OF

WORKPLACES 1Questions of today and

challenges of the future

1. lecture / 11. 02. 2021

Prof. Vasáros Zsolt DLA, építész, tanszékvezető egyetemi tanár

BME Építészmérnöki Kar // Ipari és Mezőgazdasági Épülettervezési Tanszék

Material, structure, form – connections in space and timeNature of building material – experience, know-how,

experiments, failure and success

Prof. Vasáros Zsolt DLA, építész, tanszékvezető egyetemi tanár

BME Építészmérnöki Kar // Ipari és Mezőgazdasági Épülettervezési Tanszék

ARCHITECTURE OF

WORKPLACES 1Questions of today and

challenges of the future

1. lecture / 11. 02. 2021

Prof. Vasáros Zsolt DLA építész, tanszékvezető egyetemi tanár /// BME Építészmérnöki Kar /// IPARTANSZÉK /// Munkahelyek építészete 1. előadás /// Az (építő)anyag természete-tapasztalat, tudás, kísérlet, kudarc és siker//Anyag, szerkezet és forma-összefüggések térben és időben

Somló hill – design site in 2017


Hortobágy – design site 2018Autonomous researcher’s lodgingInteraktive gene laboratory


/// technology based architectural tasks: today and tomorrow

/// high-tech, smart-tech and low-tech architecture

/// workspace of the future – INDUSTRY4.0- heading INDUSTRY5.0 – „coopetitiveworkspaces”

/// food production of the future

/// early modern architecture – MODERN2.0

/// problematics of cultural landscapes: Borsod, Somló hill, Erdély, Egypt, Syria…

/// built industrial heritage, ReCLAIM – heritage of IPARTERV

/// EDUCATIO EXTRA MUROS – field projects, researches

/// Middle East Design Studio – focus on Afrika and Middle-East

/// crisis architecture – a special architectural toolkit


Main research topics of the department:


Esztramos hill – design site 2018-


Rudabánya – design site 2013-

/// Middle East Design Studio – focus on Afrika and the Middle-East



Suggested literature, links:

Addis, Bill: Building, 3000 Years of Design. Engineering&Construction, Phaidon Press, 2007.

Kuo, Jeannette (szerk.), Space of Production. Projects and essays on rationality, atmosphere, and

expression in the industrial building, Park Books, 2015.

Moravánszky, Ákos, Metamorphism – Transforming Materials in Architecture. 2018.http://tortenelemcikkek.hu/node/147http://www.geopolitika.hu/hu/2018/03/12/geo-debates-a-negyedik-ipari-forradalom-hatasa-a-fejlodo-vilagra/https://www.sztnh.gov.hu/hivatalrol/IP_oktatas/kozoktatas/oravazlatok/mellekletek/2014/tortenelem/tort2_talalmanyok/tort2_talalmanyok_talalmanyok_listaja.pdfhttp://www.industry4.hu/hu/https://www.mastercontrol.com/gxp-lifeline/3-things-you-need-to-know-about-industry-5.0/; https://medium.com/@marcellvollmer/what-is-industry-5-0-a363041a6f0a; https://www.raconteur.net/manufacturing/manufacturing-gets-personal-industry-5-0/

http://industryinform.co.uk/middleperiod.asphttp://industryinform.wordpress.com/tag/industrial-architecture/http://www.engineering-timelines.com/timelines.asphttp://industryheritage.altervista.org/blog/

http://tortenelemcikkek.hu/node/147

http://www.geopolitika.hu/hu/2018/03/12/geo-debates-a-negyedik-ipari-forradalom-hatasa-a-fejlodo-vilagra/

https://www.sztnh.gov.hu/hivatalrol/IP_oktatas/kozoktatas/oravazlatok/mellekletek/2014/tortenelem/tort2_talalmanyok/tort2_talalmanyok_talalmanyok_listaja.pdf

http://www.industry4.hu/hu/

https://www.mastercontrol.com/gxp-lifeline/3-things-you-need-to-know-about-industry-5.0/

https://medium.com/@marcellvollmer/what-is-industry-5-0-a363041a6f0a

https://www.raconteur.net/manufacturing/manufacturing-gets-personal-industry-5-0/

http://industryinform.co.uk/middleperiod.asp

http://industryinform.wordpress.com/tag/industrial-architecture/

http://www.engineering-timelines.com/timelines.asp

http://industryheritage.altervista.org/blog/


contact:

http://www.ipar.bme.hu/english.php

http://www.ipar.bme.hu/course.php?id=63

http://www.ipar.bme.hu/english.php

http://www.ipar.bme.hu/course.php?id=63

Lecture topics:1. Questions of today and challenges of the future. Material, structure, form – connections in space and time.

Nature of the building material – experience, know-how, experiments, failure and success

2. INDUSTRY1.0 – changing needs, new possibilities. Revolutions and industrial revolutions: people and machines

3. INDUSTRY2.0 – mass production – Modern wars – new needs: compulsion and experiments

4. INDUSTRY3.0 – automation. Space and structure: big, “smart”, economic. Halls

Questions of technology and spatial flexibility. High-tech

5. INDUSTRY4.0 – network. World of recent past and today, digitalization, intelligent factory, cyber-physical system,

cloud computing. food questions

6. INDUSTRY5.0 – ’coopetitive workspace’. World of today and near future, new challenges: “unique mass production”,

human cognitive abilities + technology. Overpopulation, sustainability

7. Work environment, lighting, air, temperature. Colour, space, material, comfort design, prestige

Satisfactory vs. wasteful spaces

8. Diversity of uniformity: offices once and today, open plan, or single office. Office architecture: methodology and

space transformation

9. Out of date. Can it be saved? Must it be demolished? Or can it be reinvented?

reconstruction/revitalisation/rehabilitation, IPARTERV – industrial architecture on the top

10. Workplace of today and tomorrow. Low-tech, Smart-tech and High-tech architecture ’remediate-reuse-recycle’ -

ReCLAIM. Alternative/ recycle/sustainability

11. Summary. INDUSTRY 5.0/ Introduction of Architecture of Workplaces 2/ Best practice – students projects


industrial architecture

technology based architecture

functional buildings

spaces, buildings of production

workshop-manufacture-factory

people-machines-robots

resource: people-animal-machine

ARCHITECTURE OF WORKPLACES – definition


individual-family based-communal

ARCHITECTURE OF WORKPLACES

The subject Architecture of Workplaces deals with facilities

creating the frame of work, especially those of production

especially where all this happens in a bound technological

process.

Due to the character these can be:

- industrial (factory)

- logistics (storage)

- agricultural (winery, barn,…)

- infrastuctural (power station, railway station,…)

- office

- research (laboratory, experimental, etc.)

activities.


ARCHITECTURE OF WORKPLACES The history of industrial architecture is the history of science,

economy, culture, technology.

Industry: the intent activity to produce marketable products

with the help of technology

Technology: a process, method, with the help of which one

can learn and change more and more of the surrounding

world

Nature-changing activity

Means, resources: First only manual force, than simple

machines: wheel, lever, pulley

Later also natural resources: the effects of water, wind and

heat became manageable.Prof. Vasáros Zsolt DLA építész, tanszékvezető egyetemi tanár /// BME Építészmérnöki Kar /// IPARTANSZÉK /// Munkahelyek építészete 1. előadás /// Az (építő)anyag természete-tapasztalat, tudás, kísérlet, kudarc és siker//Anyag, szerkezet és forma-összefüggések térben és időben

INDUSTRY 1.01. Industrial revolution 1769-1850

-steam-engine

-textile mills, factories

-colonization

-scientific revolution

-traffic


INDUSTRY 2.02. Industrial revolution 1850-(1914)-1945

-service industry

-era of technological maturity

-agrarium

-infrastructure

-traffic


INDUSTRY 3.03. Industrial revolution 1945-cca. 2010

1945-47 mobile phone

1954 1st nuclear power station Obnyinszk, Sowiet Union

1961 1st man in airspace Jurij Gagarin with Vosztok-1

1969 1st man on the Moon Neil Armstrong with Apollo 11 1969 automation

1972 1st e-mail program

1975 1st pc MITS Altair 8800

1990 World Wide Web (www) invention of Tim Berners Lee

1992 1st SMS

1996 DVD „Digital Versatile Disc”


INDUSTRY 4.04. Industrial revolution cca. 2010-

digitalization, communication,

computer technology, artificial

intelligence, automatization, robotics,

intelligent networks, internet of the

objects


INDUSTRY 5.05. Industrial revolution cca. 2020/2021-

„unique mass production”,

human cognitive abilities + technology,

„coopetitive workspace”.

alternative/recycle/sustainability


(BUILDING) MATERIALSBuilding materials – Structural inventions, changes

Changing role of the material

Engineering innovations

/earth

/stone

/brick

/iron and steel

/concrete, reinforced concrete

/glass

/wood

…


/ earth


Mári – palace / Mesopotamia, today Syria / cca. 24-18. century b. C.


RICOLA Kräuterzentrum (herb center) , Laufen, Switzerland, Herzog & de Meuron, 2013-14Prefabricated earth concrete blocks – developer: Martin Rauch


RICOLA Kräuterzentrum (herb center) , Laufen, Switzerland, Herzog & de Meuron, 2013-14


/ brick


Wall detail from Babylon round 600 b. C.: millions of bricks


Pantheon / Italy, Rome / 118-128


Chocolate factory Menier, Noisel-sur-Marne, near Paris, Jules Saulnier, 1825-1875


GANTENBEIN winery / Switzerland, Fläsch / 2006 / architect: Bearth & Deplazes, Gramazio & KohlerConstruction of brickwalls with the help of robots


GANTENBEIN winery / Switzerland, Fläsch / 2006 / architect: Bearth & Deplazes, Gramazio & Kohler


Pavilion Brick Factory Vogelensangh, Deest, The Netherlands, Bedaux de Brouwer Architects, 2016


/ stone


Stonehenge – sanctuary / Great Britain, Wiltshire / cca. 3100-1.100 b. C.


Karnak sanctuary district / Luxor, Egypt / cca. 20.-1. centuries b. C.


Karnak sanctuary district / Luxor, Egypt / cca. 20.-1. centuries b. C.Strength of stone is on its limits: monumentalyity controlled by the span achievable by stone- dense coloumns distances, relatively small spans compered to big dimensions


Karnak sanctuary district / Luxor, Egypt / cca. 20.-1. centuries b. C.


Stari most – Old bridge / Bosnia and Herzegovina, Mostar / 1557-1567 / architect: Mimar Hajrudinspan: 30 metres, height: 24 metres


DOMINUS winery / USA, California, Napa valley / 1997 / architect: Herzog & de MeuronStone loses its tectonical character, gets a new role


DOMINUS winery / USA, California, Napa valley / 1997 / architect: Herzog & de Meuron


/ iron and steel


The bridge of the river Severn near Coalbrookdale, Great Britain/ 1777-1781 / engineer: Pritchard, constructeur: A. Darby III.span: 30,63 m, whole lenght: 60 m, height: 30 m


Bridge at Coalport, Wales / Thomas Telford / 1818 / span: 90 metres


Menai Suspension Bridge, Island of Anglesey, Wales / 1819-1826 / Thomas Telfordspan: 177 m, whole length: 521 m, height: 30 méter



Isambard Kingdom Brunel, 1806-1859

chief engineer of theGreat Western Railways

(tunnels, bridges), gauge of 2,14 m- Paddington Station, London 1854 - Royal Albert bridge, Saltash, 1859- Clifton bridge, 214 m near Bristol, 1864- ship building: SS Great Eastern – the greateststeamer of his age

Paddington railway station / London, Great Britain / 1854 / Isambard Kingdom Brunel


Royal Albert Bridge / river Tamar, Plymouth-Saltash, Great Britain / 1854-59 / Isambard KingdomBrunel 2x138.7 metres


Clifton Suspension Bridge / Bristol, Great Britain / 1864 / Isambard Kingdom Brunel214.05 m


Clifton Suspension Bridge / ANGLIA, Bristol / 1864 / Isambard Kingdom BRUNEL214.05 méter


Brooklyn Bridge / USA, New York / 1863 / John Augustus ROEBLING (1806-1869)span: 486.3 m


Brooklyn Bridge / USA, New York / 1863 / John Augustus ROEBLING (1806-1869)486.3 m



Crystal Palace / London, Graet Britain / Sir Joseph Paxton, 1851length: 564m, clearance of the middle bay: 33m, whole space: 92 000 m24500 tons of iron, 293.000 glass boards, 8 moths, 2000 workers-module coordination

- standardized elements were prefabricated in series production

Galerie des Machines / Paris, France / 1889 / Victor Contamin-Ferdinand Dutertnet floor area: 115 x 420 m, span: 115 m, height: 48 m


Millenium Dome / London, Greenwich, Great Britain / 1996-1999 / Richard Rogers, BuroHappolddiameter: 345 m, height: 50 m, 100.000 m2 net floor area


concrete /

reinforced concrete


concrete

Concrete is a composite construction material

made primarily with aggregate, cement, and

water. Roman concrete (or opus caementicium)

was made from quicklime, pozzolana and an

aggregate of pumice.


Pantheon / Italy, Rome / 118-128


Concrete bridge / France, Souillac, river Dordogne / 1812-1824 / architect: Louis VICAT length: 180 metres, span: 7 x 22 metres


(Re)invention of concrete, use of reinforced concrete

(cement: Joseph Aspdin, concrete: John Smeaton 1840)

Joseph Monier 1867

Francois Hennebique 1870

Outraging constructeurs:

Auguste PERRET (1874-1954)

Gustave PERRET (1876-1952)

Robert MAILLART (1872-1940)

Eduardo TORROJA (1899-1961)

F. Eugéne FREYSSINNET (1879-1962)

Pier Luigi NERVI (1891-1979)

Felix CANDELA (1910-1997)


reinforced concrete

Patent of a flowerpot, Joseph Monier, 1867


https://www.google.hu/imgres?imgurl=http://docplayer.hu/docs-images/59/43168860/images/22-0.png&imgrefurl=http://docplayer.hu/43168860-2-eloadas-az-ipari-epiteszet-tortenete.html&docid=eo85eW9J3yvylM&tbnid=pDPEEi9M2QmXZM:&vet=10ahUKEwi6kOXuup_ZAhVNC-wKHWr_BMEQMwg-KAEwAQ..i&w=450&h=282&client=firefox-b-ab&bih=780&biw=965&q=monier%20vir%C3%A1gcser%C3%A9p&ved=0ahUKEwi6kOXuup_ZAhVNC-wKHWr_BMEQMwg-KAEwAQ&iact=mrc&uact=8

François Hennebique: reinforced concrete construction, 1879


WEAVER Building / Wales, Swansea / François Hennebique / 1897 (-1984)



Giesshübel warehouse / Switzerland, Zürich / Robert MAILLART / 1910 – beamless mushroom slab


The Centennial Hall (Breslau) Wrocław, Poland, Max Berg, 1911-13, span: 69m


Ateliers Esders – dressmaker’s shop, Paris, Auguste & Gustave Perret, 1919-21


Notre Dame du Raincy / Auguste Perret / 1922-23


Orly airport hangar, Paris, Eugene Freysinnet, 1921 (91 m wide and 60 m high)



Bridge at Salginatobel (90m), Switzerland, Robert Maillart, 1930


Hangar for aeroplanes / Orvieto, Italy / 1935 / (44,8x111,5m) / Pier Luigi Nervi

Grandstand of the racecourse Zarzuela / Spain, Madrid / Eduardo Torroja / 1935


High Life Textile Factory / México, Coyoacán / Felix Candela / 1955


Laposa Winery / Badacsony, Hungary / Kis Péter, Molnár Bea / 2010Concrete = prefabricated fine concrete facing panels are used for only space separation, a mean for ornaments of the surface


Laposa Winery / Badacsony, Hungary / Kis Péter, Molnár Bea / 2010


Thank you for

your attention


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