제 5 주

건축과 신체

Architecture & Body

1. 인간의 신체

고대 그리스 Caryatid columns, the Erechtheion, Acropolis.

Salle des Cariatides, 1550s

Palais du Louvre, Paris

Greek Order & Human Body

Togu Na

The Togu Na is a shelter open on all four sides and supported by stone or wood pillars that carry a roof made of millet thatch. The ceiling is too low for a person to stand upright. Women have no access to it. It is a shaded place where men discuss village affairs and where they can rest.

the Dogon, The Kingdom of Mali

비트루비우스(로마의 건축가, BC1세기) 의 인간 : Vitruvian Man

Leonard da Vinci (르네상스 예술가 : 15세기말-16세기초)

: 이상적 인간

Andrea Palladio

(16세기 르네상스 건축가)

Villa Rotunda

Hindu Mandala : 힌두 사원 평면

Jawahar Kala Kendra (JKK) : multi arts centre located in Jaipur in India. It was built by Rajasthan government with the purpose of preserving Rajasthani arts and crafts. The centre has been made in eight blocks housing museums, one amphi theatre and the other closed auditorium, library, arts display rooms, cafeteria, small hostel and art-studio.

• Anthropometry (인체 측정학)

• 범죄학, 인류학

근대의 신체

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/34/Head-Measurer_of_Tremearne_%28side_view%29.jpghttp://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/12/Galton_at_Bertillon%27s_%281893%29.jpg

• 우생학 (Eugenics)

• 유전학적인 방법으로 인간을 개선시키고자 연구하는 학문

• 독일에서 나치가 유대인·흑인·동성연애자들의 몰살을 정당화하는 도구로 우생학을 이용

Anthropometry ( 인체 측정학)

인간의 신체 : 과학적 계측의 대상

Ernst Neufert : (1900–1986), 독일 건축가, Walter Gropius의 제자

Le Corbusier, 인간의 신체 :

Le Corbusier,

the Modulor, based on the Fibonacci series and the golden section. For him, it meant a "set of harmonic measures appropriate to the human scale, universally applicable to mechanical things."

LE CORBUSIER: UNITÉ D'HABITATION IN BERLIN(1956) The name of a modernist residential housing design principle developed by Le Corbusier

The housing units, were designed based on the proportions of the modulor, both in plan and section, from the general dimensions to the small details.

• 산업디자인, 의상디자인, 건축

• Ergonomics is the science of designing the job, equipment, and workplace to fit the worker.

• 건강과 생산성

인갂의 신체 : 인갂공학 Ergonomics

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/35/Computer_Workstation_Variables.jpghttp://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3f/Flexible_Workplace_Variability.jpg

인간의 신체

Universal Design Barrier Free Design - 장애인, 노약자를 위핚 도구, 공갂, 건축, 환경

Architecture & Body

Calatrava, Turning Torso, 스웨덴 말뫼

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/de/TurningTorso_by_dkcp.JPG

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7e/The_Turning_Torso%2C_Malmo.JPG

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4d/Turning_torso_by_night1.jpg

Dancing Building, Prague by Frank Gehry

Architecture & Body

Dancing Building, 프라하 프랑크 게리

Architecture & Body:

Dancing Building

Kazumasa Yamashita Face House Kyoto fun and stand apart from the neighboring conventional houses. 1F : a studio for a graphic designer 2F : apartments The building itself acts as a billboard for the graphic designer.

Architecture & Body

- 아름다움에 대핚 관심 헤어, 네일, 미용, 피부, 성형, 다이어트

Architecture & Body

Proxemics

prox·e·mics :《단수취급》 〈사회·심리〉 근접학, 근접 공갂학(인갂에게 근접핚 공갂 영역의 문화적 연구). Edward T. Hall,

Territorial Behavior

• Flight distance

• 도주거리

• 생존을 위핚 기본적인 수단

• 가축 : 도주본능을 상실, 혹은 대폭 감소

Flight distance

도주거리

Critical distance

임계거리

Attack distance

공격거리

접촉성 동물과 비접촉성 동물

사람들 사이의 거리

개체거리와 사회거리

Personal distance

- 비접촉성 동물이 같은 종류 갂에 두는 정상적인 공갂거리

- 각 개체를 둘러싸고 있는 눈에 보이지 않는 거품

- 사회적 위치가 높은 개체가 낮은 개체보다 큰 개체 거리

개체거리와 사회거리

Social distance

: 핚 개체가 그 종과의 접촉을 잃는 거리, 즉 그 이상의 거리를 가게 되면 이미 자기의 종을 보고, 듣고, 냄새 맡을 수 없는 거리

Distances in Man

http://ikinesics.com/

http://ikinesics.com/

Intimate Distance 밀접거리

• 15 to 45 cm’s (6 to 18 inches).

• The Intimate Zone is the most important zone of all as it is only reserved for a select few of people, including parents, love partners, children, family and very close friends.

• 낮은 목소리, 속삭임

• 허락 없이 들어오면 불쾌감

• Anyone who is not meant to be in the Intimate Zone and enters it will cause physiological changes (such as increased heart rate) in our body as we will feel threatened.

Intimate Distance 밀접거리

Personal Distance 개체거리

• 비접촉성 집단의 구성원이 항상 갖고 있는 거리

• about 45 cms to 1.2 meters (18 to 46 inches).

• This is the distance that we reserve for social gatherings such as parties, friendly interactions, etc.

• This is the distance from which we communicate to acquaintances; those we have achieved some level of trust.

Social Distance 사회거리

• About 1.2 to 3.5 meters (4 to 12 feet)

• This zoning is reserved for strangers we just met, acquaintances and anyone we interact with that we haven’t established a relationship with.

• Here we struggle between conflicting needs, one is to maintain enough space for comfort and the other is to be close enough to communicate effectively.

Public Distance 공공거리

• This is the zone at which it is comfortable to address a large group of people or audience during a presentation or speech.

• Even if we know all the members of the group well, we still maintain a greater distance from them so we can easily address all of them and keep everyone in our field of view.

공간의 문화 : Arab

공간의 문화 : Arab

공간의 문화 : Germany

공간의 문화 : 영국

공간의 문화 : 영국

일본 지하철

중국 지하철

핚국 지하철

Sociofugal Space (이(離)사회적 공갂)

centrifugal force원심력

Edward Hopper,

Sociopetal Space (집(集)사회적 공갂)

centripetal force구심력

Sociopetal Space & Sociopetal Space

Winifred Gallagher "House Thinking: A Room-by-Room Look at How We Live,"

Following the lead of environmental psychologists, Winifred Gallagher deploys her furniture in a "sociopetal arrangement." In her living room she replaced coffee-table books with personal memorabilia and pulled chairs up to the table. She moved the television from center stage -- the fireplace -- into a corner. To watch it, you have to move a chair.