Aq7275 Hướng dẫn sử dụng máy đo sợi cáp quang Yokogawa otdr

1

Communication Products Training30 October 2009Jonathan Setiawan

Jonathan Setiawan

COPYRIGHT BY YEA April 2008AQ7275 OTDR

Product TrainingQUALITY • INNOVATION • FORESIGHT

2

Agenda

Introduction to OTDRIntroduction to OTDR

AQ7275 IntroductionAQ7275 Introduction

AQ7275 FeaturesAQ7275 Features

AQ7275 Operation GuideAQ7275 Operation Guide

AQ7275 Advance OperationAQ7275 Advance Operation

Questions and AnswerQuestions and Answer

3

Introduction to OTDR

An instrument to measure optical fiber lengths and losses and identifies failure locations from one end only.

Measurement itemsDistance : Fiber Length, connection (reflective & non-reflective), fiber breakLoss : Transmission loss, connection lossReturn loss : Connectors, end of fibers

Optical Time Domain ReflectometerOptical Time Domain Reflectometer 　

4


PulseClad

CoreFerrule reflection

Transparent light

Measurement PrincipleMeasurement Principle 　

Measure the length of fiber

Backscattered light Level Loss

Time Distance

Laser Diode

Beam splitter

ＬＤ

Photo Detector

Amplifier

Average

Display

Pulse Generator

5

Fusion splice

Optical fiber Optical fiber

AQ7275 OTDR

AQ7275 OTDR


Measurement PointsMeasurement Points 　

6


Measurement ExampleMeasurement Example 　

7

Mechanical splice　　 Physically connecting the fibers using “V-groove” device

Connector　　 Physically connecting the fibers using adapter

Fusion splice　　 Fusing the tips of fibers to connect one another 　

Connection MethodConnection Method 　　


8

Connector pointCaused by a small gap between ferrules joined by a

connector. Refractive index varies at this gap which makes a

reflection.※ Normal connector loss is less than 0.5dB

Cause of Reflective LossesCause of Reflective Losses 　


Connector point　 Caused by stains on the tips of ferrules which disturbs the alignment of the cores of fibers. Stains increase losses and reflections　　 ※ Normal connector loss is less than 0.5dB

Stain

Open EndA Fresnel reflection occurs at breakage point

or edge of optical fiber where refractive index changes.

There is approximate 3% (-14.7dB) of reflection when optical fiber is cut in perpendicular to the fiber.

Gap

Connector

Optical fiber

Optical fiber

Glass

AirInput light (100%)

Output Light (97%)

Reflected light (3%)

9

Fusion Splice pointCaused by misalignment of cores when fused each other. 　

　　 ※ Normal fusion splice loss is less than 0.1dB

Cause of Non-Reflective LossesCause of Non-Reflective Losses 　


Macro bendCaused by transmitting light leaks from optical fiber when the fiber is

bended sharply.

10

Agenda







11

AQ7275 Introduction

12

AQ7275 Introduction

13

AQ7275 Introduction

14

AQ7275 Introduction

15

AQ7275 Introduction

Configuration of Peripheral DevicesConfiguration of Peripheral Devices

16

Agenda







17

Short Dead Zone (< 80cm)Short Dead Zone (< 80cm) - - Killer spec. for FTTH testing

Accompanying the rapid proliferation of FTTH is a growing need for detection of reflective events arising from short distance mechanical connections.

The AQ7275’s short event dead zone enables detection of closely spaced events in cables installed in offices and customer premises.

1m

AQ7275 Features

Advanced !Advanced !

18

High dynamic range (up to 45dB)High dynamic range (up to 45dB)

The high dynamic range model (735034) can achieve the dynamic range of 45 dB. This high dynamic range is effective in measuring a transmission line consisting of long fiber cables and a splitter with a large loss.

AQ7275 Features


19

Powers-up quickly (in 10 seconds or less)Powers-up quickly (in 10 seconds or less)

Now measurements can be started quickly upon arrival at the site.10 seconds to power-up from completely OFF to fully ON!

With such a fast power-up time, battery life can be extended by turning the power off while not in use at the job site without any concern about the power-up time when the next job is ready.

It’s ready when you’re ready!

AQ7275 Features


20

AQ7275 Features

21

AQ7275 Features

22

AQ7275 Features

23

AQ7275 Features

24

Plug Check FunctionPlug Check Function

You can detect poor connections and dirty plugs.The plug check function monitors the condition of the optical connectors and displays an alarm if the connection is not properly made.

This function is useful for checking for damage, dirt, or other problems with optical plugs at the OTDR or on the fiber under test. It is also useful for helping technicians to remember to connect the fiber under test.

AQ7275 Features

Active Line AlarmActive Line Alarm

There may be concern that technicians inputting the OTDR measurement signal into the communication line could cause communication errors.

The active line alarm monitors the fiber’s optical power level and displays an alarm message if it detects optical power at or higher than a specified threshold level in order to warn the technician not to mistakenly feed the signal into the communication line.

25

AQ7275 Features

26

AQ7275 Features

27

Multi Fiber Measurement FunctionMulti Fiber Measurement Function

Automatically performs measurements and data-filling according to a pre-established file name table.The OTDR Project File Editor included in AQ7932 Emulation Software greatly saves time to create file name table


AQ7275 Features

NEW

28

External Large Capacity Battery The operation time will triple that of a standard built-in battery.

AQ7275 Features

Angled-PC Connector (SC only)You can connect an optical fiber with an angled-PC connector directly to the OTDR. The angled PC is often used for CATV networks to reduce the influence of reflection.

29

Agenda







30

• Measure the distance• Measure the splice loss and return loss• Analyze multiple waveforms

AQ7275 Operation Guide

Measurement Preparation• Connect the power supply and turn it ON• Connect the optical fiber cables• Load the printer paper

Measurement Condition Setup

Trace Acquisition • Real time measurement• Averaging measurement

Trace Analysis

Trace Printing and Storage• Print the display image• Save various types of data

• Full-auto Mode• Wizard Mode• Detail Mode• Multi wavelength Mode

31

MENU key Returns to the Top Menu, where user can selects OTDR, optical power monitor, light source, Visible Light Source or One Button (Macro) function.

F1 to F5 keyExecutes functions that are assigned to the soft keys displayed at the right edge of the LCD.

ESC keyCancels an operation or returns to the previous display.

FILE keyOperate files and print waveforms. Some also used as soft keys.

POWER keyTurns the instrument ON/OFF.

AQ7275 Operation Guide – Front Keys FunctionsMeasurement PreparationMeasurement Condition Setup Trace Acquisition Trace Analysis Trace Printing and Storage

32

Rotary knobMoves cursors and markers, sets values, etc. PUSH for Coarse or Fine mode.

Scale key Expands, reduces, and moves waveforms.

Arrow keyMoves, expands, and reduces waveforms, moves cursors, etc.

Enter keyConfirms the operation.

Setting keySets measurement conditions and

system configuration. Also used to change the event

detection conditions for event analysis.

Average keyStarts or stop the averaging measurement.

Realtime keyStarts or stop the real time measurement.

AQ7275 Operation Guide – Front Keys FunctionsMeasurement PreparationMeasurement Condition Setup Trace Acquisition Trace Analysis Trace Printing and Storage

33

Power LampGreen: Running Red: Low battery Level

Charge LampGreen: Charging Green (blinking): Charging not started / preliminary charging

• The battery pack is not loaded correctly in the AQ7275• The temperature of the battery pack is outside the chargeable temperature range• The battery pack is in the preliminary charging condition because the battery level is extremely low

Check that the battery pack is loaded correctly. If the green lamp does not illuminate even after 2 or 3 hours passes with the AC adapter connected, the battery pack may be broken or reduced life.


Turning On the OTDRTurning On the OTDR

Measurement PreparationMeasurement Condition Setup Trace Acquisition Trace Analysis Trace Printing and Storage

34

Cleaning Fiber Optic Cleaning Fiber Optic CableCable

Correct method

Wrong method

X

Connecting Fiber Optic Connecting Fiber Optic CableCable

AQ7275 Operation GuideMeasurement PreparationMeasurement Condition Setup Trace Acquisition Trace Analysis Trace Printing and Storage

35

Good connection

Bad connection

Good vs. Bad Connector End Good vs. Bad Connector End FaceFace

Near end performance

Overall Trace performance


36


OTDR automatically determines the measurement conditions, performs a measurement and analysis, and also saves measurement data.

Wavelength setting is required prior to the execution.

37

To modify certain parameter on Analysis Setup menu, change the setup mode from Full Auto to Detail mode, then set the parameter to modify on Analysis Setup menu.

Full Auto ModeFull Auto Mode


Detailed condition setting for Experts

38

More measurement conditions to set effectively and speedy

Detail ModeDetail Mode


With the step-by-step guideline and pop-up instructions, user can easily configure the measurement and other setup.

39

Pop up instructions for detailed parameter

descriptionStep-by-step guideline

Manual is not needed!

Measurement Wizard ModeMeasurement Wizard Mode


Multiple wavelengths measurement can be executed and saved by one button

40

Measurement

Change wavelength

Save trace

1st wavelength

End

Up to 3 wavelengths

Same conditions

Multi Wavelength ModeMulti Wavelength Mode


One-Button Measurement (Macro) is to pre-program multiple testing procedures to be executed by only one button.

Three Macros are available to run. One Macro contains 5 jobs which have individually sets of predefined

measurement/analysis/file output setup. These 5 jobs are performed sequentially.

Measurement conditions need to be defined prior to the execution.

41


One-Button Measurement (Macro) One-Button Measurement (Macro)


42

Reference

Dynamic range(SNR = 1)

2.6dB

Noise peak


Dynamic range refers to the range of optical power levels that can be measured. The larger the dynamic range, the greater the distance that optical pulses can be measured over.

Dynamic Range Dynamic Range Dynamic Range Dead Zone

Measurement Preparation Trace Acquisition Trace Analysis Trace Printing and Storage

Note:• Dynamic range is dependent to pulse width and increases as the pulse width widens • OTDR Distance Measurement Capability =

(dB/km) Loss nAttenuatio(dB) Range Dynamic

Measurement Condition Setup

43

Note: Event dead zone is dependent to pulse width and increases as the pulse width widens


Why occurs? Photodiode Detector effect (Camera Flash Example)

1) Event Dead Zone

The minimum distance after a Fresnel reflection where an OTDR can detect another event. In other words, it is the minimum length of fiber needed between two reflective events.

Dead ZoneDead ZoneDynamic Range Dead Zone

Measurement Preparation Trace Acquisition Trace Analysis Trace Printing and StorageMeasurement Condition Setup

44


2) Attenuation Dead Zone

The minimum distance after a Fresnel reflection where an OTDR can accurately measure the loss of a consecutive event.

Dead ZoneDead ZoneDynamic Range Dead Zone

Measurement Preparation Trace Acquisition Trace Analysis Trace Printing and StorageMeasurement Condition Setup

Transmission & Connector Loss

1310nm: 0.3dB/km (typical) 1550nm: 0.2dB/km (typical)

Longer wavelength has smaller transmission & connector loss

Bending loss

Longer wavelength gives higher bending loss

45

Select the measurement wavelength based on the wavelength(s) used for the designated fiber.

Wavelengths Wavelengths

Fault by bending

1550nm

1310nm

splice connectorconnector

1550nm

1310nm


Wavelengths Pulse WidthDistance Range Sampling Interval Averaging Method


MEASUREMENT SETUP

46

Distance range

Fiber length


If the length of the fiber under test is known, set the distance range longer but closest to the distance.Example: Optical fiber under test : 15km　　　 Distance range should be ・・・、 10km 、 20km 、 40km 、・・・

If the length of optical fiber is unknown, use Auto range.

Distance RangeDistance RangeWavelengths Pulse WidthDistance Range Sampling Interval Averaging Method


MEASUREMENT SETUP

47

In order to reduce the reflection, index-matching gel can be used at the reflection point. In addition, the injected power can be reduced by selecting a shorter pulsewidth, selecting a reduced power settingon the OTDR (some OTDRs provide this option), or adding attenuation in the fiber before the reflection.

To avoid the appearance of the ghost reflection due to incorrect range setting, set the distance range in more than double of the optical fiber.Example: Fiber under test : 4km 　→ Distance range should be: 5km, 10km, 20km 、・・・


False Fresnel reflections, termed ghosts, on the trace waveform may be observed from time to time. Ghosts can be the result of a strong reflective event on the fiber, causing a large amount of reflected light to be sent back to the OTDR, or an incorrect range setting during acquisition.

Distance Range – Avoiding Ghost ReflectionDistance Range – Avoiding Ghost ReflectionWavelengths Pulse WidthDistance Range Sampling Interval Averaging Method


MEASUREMENT SETUP

48


Pulse width duration controls the amount of light that will be injected into the fiber. The longer the pulse width means the more the light energy injected.

The pulse width has the following characteristics.Short pulse width:

Allows events (reflection point and loss) that are close together to be distinguish/measured separately. However, long distance may not be measured.

Long pulse width: Long distance can be measured. However, multiple events that are close together may appear as a

single event.

Optimal pulse width is acquired by using pulse width Auto function.

Pulse WidthPulse WidthWavelengths Pulse WidthDistance Range Sampling Interval Averaging Method


MEASUREMENT SETUP

49

Pulse width 10ns

OTDR40m 20m15m


Pulse width 50ns

Pulse width 100ns

Pulse Width - Pulse Width - Example of close event locations Example of close event locations Measurement results by pulse width of 10ns, 50ns and 100ns on the same Fiber under test.



MEASUREMENT SETUP

50

Pulse width 4us


Pulse width 100ns

Pulse Pulse Width - - Example of long fiber measurementExample of long fiber measurementMeasurement results of approximately 40km fiber by pulse width of 4us and 100ns.



MEASUREMENT SETUP

51


Relationship among Pulse Width, Dynamic Range and Relationship among Pulse Width, Dynamic Range and Dead ZoneDead Zone

(Typical value)(Typical value)



Pulse Width Dynamic Range 1.31/1.55μ ｍ

Dead ZoneAttenuation ／ Event

３ ns ９／８ dB ７／０．８ m

１０ｎｓ１２／１１ｄ B １０／１．５ｍ

２０ｎｓ１４／１３ｄ B １２／３ｍ

１００ｎｓ１８／１７ｄ B ３２／１２ｍ

１ μ ｓ２３／２２ｄ B １２０／１００ｍ

２０ μ ｓ４０／３８ｄ B ２０００／２５０ｍ

MEASUREMENT SETUP

52


Resolution vs. fault-finding efficiency: (a) 5-meter resolution (higher resolution); (b) 15-meter resolution (lower resolution)

High Resolution: The shortest possible measurement sampling interval is set for the fiber under test.

Normal: The optimal measurement sampling interval is set automatically for the fiber under test.

Sampling Interval/ResolutionSampling Interval/ResolutionMinimum distance between two consecutive sampling points acquired.This parameter is crucial, as it defines the ultimate distance accuracy and fault-findingcapability of the OTDR.



MEASUREMENT SETUP

53

Setting Averaging (High-Speed, High-Reflection)


Averaging MethodAveraging MethodWavelengths Pulse WidthDistance Range Sampling Interval Averaging Method


MEASUREMENT SETUP

Refractive index

Fiber length (m)

1.480 10,000.00

1.470 10,068.27

1.465 10.102.38

54


Refractive index has to be set to measure the distance of the fiber under test ACCURATELY.A typical SMF group refraction index N value is around 1.46.

Index of Reflection (IOR) Index of Reflection (IOR) Index of ReflectionBackscatter Level Event Search ConditionApproximation Method


Example of measuring a 10km fiber with different refractive indexes.

ANALYSIS SETUP

55


Backscatter level has to be set to measure the return loss of the connector CORRECTLY.A typical Backscatter level value is as follow

Backscatter LevelBackscatter Level

Wavelengths (nm)

Backscatter(dB) @ 1us Pulse width

850 - 32

1300 - 41

1310 - 50

1490 - 52

1550 - 52

1625 - 53

1650 - 53

Index of ReflectionBackscatter Level Event Search ConditionApproximation Method


Note:Backscatter level @ 1us = Backscatter level @ 1ns + 30dBFor example, -50dB Backscatter level @ 1us is equal to -80dB Backscatter level @ 1ns

ANALYSIS SETUP

56

ApproximationMethod

Least Square Approximation (LSA)

Calculate the loss between two points with the least

square method

Two Point Approximation (TPA)

Calculate the loss between two points by taking the difference

of two points loss values

4 points event loss ○ ×

Loss between 2 points × ○

①

②

①

②

①②

①②




Approximation MethodApproximation MethodANALYSIS SETUP

57




Event Search ConditionEvent Search ConditionANALYSIS SETUP

58


Real Time Averaging

59


Real Time Averaging

60


Zooming In/Out & Moving TraceMeasuring the Distance and Loss between Two Points Measuring the Splice LossMeasuring the Return Loss

61



62



63



64


65

AQ7932 OTDR emulation software helps to analyze data and create reports.

Trace analysis

Total table

Trace report

AQ7275 Operation Guide – Waveform Analysis & Reporting

66

Agenda







67

AQ7275 Advance Operation

2 Ways Trace Analysis - For Accurate Splice Loss Measurement by Bi-directional Testing

Merges the two traces measured from both directions and finds the correct splice loss.

Connection loss in lines where optical fibers of differing backscatter coefficients are connected can differ depending on the direction. In such cases, you can accurately determine the loss by measuring in both directions and taking an average

Multi Trace Analysis - For Evaluation of Multi core Fiber/Bending Loss

Up to four traces can be overlaid on the display for analysis and comparison.

This is useful for evaluating connection point locations and loss after installing multicore fiber.

Advance AnalysisMulti fiber Measurement FunctionAQ7275 TipsMeasurement Examples

68

Differential Trace Analysis - For Evaluation of Aged Deterioration/Bending LossDisplays the difference between two

specified traces.

Makes it simple to check aged deterioration of fibers or connection points, or fluctuation in loss between fibers, and other phenomena.

Section Analysis - For Evaluation of Total Return Loss

Finds the total return loss in specificportions of the fiber.

This type of evaluation is often requestedbecause the multiple reflections fromoptical fiber networks can affect signallight from transmitters (cable TV etc.).

AQ7275 Advance OperationAdvance AnalysisMulti fiber Measurement FunctionAQ7275 TipsMeasurement Examples

69


Procedure1. Press the Next 1/2 soft key.2. Press the Advanced Analysis soft key. A soft key menu

for the waveform analysis appears.3. Press the selected Advance Analysis soft key.


70


Automatically performs measurements and data-filling according to a pre-established file name table.


71


Project Setup Procedure1. On Top Menu, press the Multicore Fiber Meas soft key.2. Create new project by pressing New Project soft key.3. Setup Project name and destination folder for saving

measurement results.4. Enter the Fiber information, select Wavelength, and setup file

name type.


72


Project Setup Procedure4. Setup Measurement Settings and Analysis Settings5. Setup Project name and destination folder for saving

measurement results.6. Final check the project setup and select complete.


73


74



Setting Up Dummy Fiber as Reference Setting Up Dummy Fiber as Reference PointPointProcedure

1. After Trace acquisition, run EVENT ANALYSIS2. Move CURSOR to EVENT that identify the connection between dummy

fiber and Fiber Under Test.3. Select Distance Ref Setup soft key.

Note: Distance Ref Setup will reset once the distance range setting is changed

75



Differentiating Index of Reflection of Each Differentiating Index of Reflection of Each SectionSectionProcedure

1. After Trace acquisition, run EVENT ANALYSIS2. Select Screen soft key to LIST.3. Setup the section IOR accordingly4. Distance information will change accordingly

76


Analyzing Trace Measurement with/out Dummy Fiber (1 of Analyzing Trace Measurement with/out Dummy Fiber (1 of 2)2)


77

ＡＱ７２５０ｍｉｎｉ－ＯＴＤＲＡＱ７２５０ｍｉｎｉ－ＯＴＤＲＡＱ７２５０ｍｉｎｉ－ＯＴＤＲＡＱ７２５０ｍｉｎｉ－ＯＴＤＲＡＱ７２５０ｍｉｎｉ－ＯＴＤＲＡＱ７２５０ｍｉｎｉ－ＯＴＤＲＡＱ７２５０ｍｉｎｉ－ＯＴＤＲ

１００ｍ

４０ｍ

２００ｍ

５５０ｍ

８５０ｍ

１ｋｍ

２ｋｍ

終端

終端８分岐スプリッタ

40m2Km

1Km850m

550m

200m100m

Terminate

Terminate1 x 8 Splitter

Home

PW:100ns

OTDR measurement over the splitter (PON) – CO to OTDR measurement over the splitter (PON) – CO to PremisePremise


78

Pulse width＝

100ns

・・・・

ONU

OLT

2nd Splitter1st Splitter



OTDR measurement over the splitter (PON) – Premise OTDR measurement over the splitter (PON) – Premise to COto CO

79

ＡＱ７２５０ｍｉｎｉ－ＯＴＤＲＡＱ７２５０ｍｉｎｉ－ＯＴＤＲＡＱ７２５０ｍｉｎｉ－ＯＴＤＲＡＱ７２５０ｍｉｎｉ－ＯＴＤＲＡＱ７２５０ｍｉｎｉ－ＯＴＤＲＡＱ７２５０ｍｉｎｉ－ＯＴＤＲＡＱ７２５０ｍｉｎｉ－ＯＴＤＲ

１００ｍ

４０ｍ

２００ｍ

５５０ｍ

８５０ｍ

１ｋｍ

２ｋｍ

終端

終端８分岐スプリッタ

40m2Km

1Km850m

550m

200m100m

Terminate

Terminate1 x 8 Splitter

Home

PW:100ns


OTDR measurement over the splitter (PON) – CO to OTDR measurement over the splitter (PON) – CO to PremisePremise


80

1.625um, Pw: 1us, In-service light: -19dBm

Can not measure

AQ7275 without Cut-off Filter

1.625um, Pw: 1us, In-service light: -19dBm

Can measure

AQ7275 with Built-in Cut-off Filter


Active line measurement with/out Built-in Cut-off FilterActive line measurement with/out Built-in Cut-off Filter

81

Agenda







82

End of Presentation

Thank You !

Aq7275 Hướng dẫn sử dụng máy đo sợi cáp quang Yokogawa otdr

Technology

Transcript of Aq7275 Hướng dẫn sử dụng máy đo sợi cáp quang Yokogawa otdr