Annotated Bibliography Basics Hillary Wentworth, Writing Specialist Walden University Writing...
-
Upload
alexina-foster -
Category
Documents
-
view
214 -
download
0
Transcript of Annotated Bibliography Basics Hillary Wentworth, Writing Specialist Walden University Writing...
Annotated Bibliography Basics
Hillary Wentworth, Writing SpecialistWalden University Writing Center
Session Overview
What are annotated bibliographies?
• Overview of purpose• Expectations for format and organization• Strategies for fulfilling KAM Depth
expectations• Examples
Annotated Bibliographies
What does the term mean?According to Merriam-Webster’s Online Dictionary:
Annotate— “to make or furnish critical or explanatory notes or comment”
Bibliography— “the history, identification, or description of writings or publications”
How do these definitions combine?
Annotated Bibliographies
The purpose of an annotated bibliography:• To demonstrate knowledge and critically
assess• To share the value of a source• To inform fellow or future researchers
about a topic or a source• To gather sources for literature review
Annotated Bibliographies
For your KAM Depth section, the typical format is a list of reference entries followed by annotations.–Alphabetized by author–Usually no headings or additional
spacing–Brief
Annotated Bibliographies
Additional requirements for KAM Depth section:–At least 15 current articles (not books or
websites)–Scholarly sources–Usually from the last 3-5 years–More source tips:
http://catalog.waldenu.edu/mime/media/7/648/KAM_Guide_Sept2009.pdf
Bird’s-Eye View
The Reference Entry
Article with DOI:Author, A. (year). Title of article. Journal Title,
v(i), pp-pp. doi:245wgh/340/st9
Article with journal home page:Author, A. (year). Title of article. Journal Title,
v(i), pp-pp. Retrieved from http://www.journalhomepage.com
The Reference Entry
Article with database search page:Author, A. (year). Title of article. Journal Title,
v(i), pp-pp. Retrieved from http://search.ebscohost.com
More reference tips:Common Reference ExamplesElectronic Sources
Annotated Bibliographies
Within each annotation, there are typically three elements:1. Summary2. Critique/analysis3. Application/value
These elements can often be formatted as three paragraphs.
1. Summary Paragraph
You will want to answer some or all of the following questions:
• What is the topic and purpose of the study?• What actions did the researcher perform and
why?• What were the methods?• What was the theoretical basis?• What were the conclusions?
1. Summary Paragraph
• Take careful factual notes while reading• Use the past tense– Smith and Jones found…• Use your own words (not the abstract of the
article)• Focus on purpose, methods and findings.
Remember, you don’t have to include everything.
1. Summary Paragraph
Thompson, Kirk, and Brown conducted a study to determine how burnout and emotional exhaustion of female police officers affect their family environment based upon role ambiguity and role overload. Thompson et al. mailed out surveys to 1,081 female police officers employed by the Australian State Police; however, only 421 surveys were useable. The researchers predicted that supervisor support would reduce role stressors and emotional exhaustion and improve family cohesion and conflict. They found a relationship between supervisor support and reduced role stressors, family functioning, and emotional exhaustion, but did not find a correlation between coworker support and work stress. Thompson et al. suggested that further research is needed on how emotional exhaustion affects family stressors in policewoman.
2. Critique/Analysis Paragraph
You will want to answer some or all the following questions:
• What are the strengths and weaknesses of the article?– Methodology, language, organization, detail
• What, if any, information is missing?• Is researcher bias present? • Is the article scholarly or generalizable? Why or why
not?
2. Critique/Analysis Paragraph
• Take questioning notes while reading.• Break it up: Focus first on strengths and then
on weaknesses.• Start with your overall view and then get
more specific as you go through the paragraph.
• Do not feel the need to be “nice.”
2. Critique/Analysis Paragraph
Although Masterson et al. made a significant contribution to the field of police research, the article had several limitations. First, the researchers chose a small and specialized sample that did not include policewomen or other minorities. Second, the researchers potentially influenced results by asking leading questions in the interviews and focus group meetings. Therefore, further research is needed with a wider demographic range and completely impartial interviewers.
3. Application Paragraph
You will want to answer some or all of the following questions:
• Does this article fill a gap in literature?• How does the study apply to your KAM?• Is the article universal?• How does it inform your professional field?
3. Application Paragraph
• Jot down three things you’ve learned from reading the article. Use these to write about the overall value.
• Ask yourself• How the source is different than others in
the same field or on the same topic.• How the source informs your future
research.
3. Application Paragraph
This study was valuable to understanding the relationship between employees’ views of change and the coping mechanisms used. Based on the results, the business sector should reinforce positive emotions to reduce withdrawal and increase commitment to the change. This implication aligns with Kotter’s 8-step change model emphasizing the positive and reinforcing employees for their efforts. This study, as well as Kotter’s model, will serve as the basis for the Business Change Strategy of my Application.
Poll: What Is It?
This case study exemplified applying models of change theory in a practical setting. The analysis clearly laid out each step of the process, the obstacles, and how they were effectively overcome. The limitations include the fact that the case study only involved one hospital and one change initiative. Additionally, the case study was based on the observations and analyses of one person, the main change agent. While this information is valuable, the observations and analyses might differ from person to person.
Poll: What Is It?
Bouckenooghe, Devos, and Van Den Broeck argued that to effectively manage and plan change organizations must clearly define the basis for the change. The researchers conducted this study to determine the situations under which change occurs, which included an instrument to measure the climate, process, and readiness of change. Bouckenooghe et al. followed the principles of psychometric theory to ensure content, construct, and criterion validity of the organizational change questionnaire instrument. The authors argued that readiness of change is comprised of emotional, cognitive, and intentional dimensions, which are predominantly influenced by the climate and process of change. As a result of this study, the authors successfully developed a validated instrument to help organizations effectively implement change.
More Tips on Annotations
• No citations crediting the source or outside sources– The presence of the reference entry makes
citation redundant• No direct quotes– The reader will want to hear your interpretation of
the material• Limited referrals to the first person– Be objective and removed in your description of
the source
More Tips on Annotations
• No anthropomorphism– The article stated… The study found…Better:– The authors stated… The researchers found…
Smith and Jones conducted…• Support analysis with example.• Problematic: The researchers did an excellent job.
Q&A Box: How could you make this sentence better?
Poll: What’s Wrong?
In this longitudinal study, Myers and Foster (2009) measure the relationship between change-related information and change-related self-efficacy for employees engaged in organizational change. Members of the Queensland Public Service Department participate. The findings suggest that a positive relationship between efficacy and change-related information is indirectly related to employee well being, client engagement, and job satisfaction.
More Resources
• Walden Library: http://library.waldenu.edu/• KAM Exemplars:
http://writingcenter.waldenu.edu/1335.htm• KAM Intensives:
http://kamintensives.waldenu.edu/• Scholarly Writing:
http://writingcenter.waldenu.edu/1082.htm