TNG HP KIN THC ANH VN ^o^

i tChia lm 5 loi vi cc chc nng s dng khc nhau.1. i t nhn xng (Ch ng)I weyou youheshe theyit ng u cu, lm ch ng, quyt nh vic chia ng t ng sau ng t to beEx: The teachers who were invited to the party were George, Bill and I.Ex: It was she who called you. ng ng sau cc ph t so snh nh than, as (Li c bn) ng sau cc ngi s nhiu nh we, you c quyn dng mt danh t s nhiu trc tip ng sau.Ex: We students are going to have a party (Sinh vin chng ti .....) You guys (Bn my) We/ You/ They + all/ bothEx: We all go to school now They both bought the ensurance You all come shopping. Nhng nu all hoc both i vi cc i t ny dng cu c ng t kp (Future, progressive, perfect) th all hoc both s ng sau tr ng tEx: We will all go to school next week.They have both gone away. All v Both cng phi ng sau ng t to be trn tnh tEx: We are all ready to go swimming. Dng he/she thay th cho cc vt nui hoc cc dng nu chng c xem l thn thit, c tnh cch, thng minh hoc c tnh cm ch , mo, nga, t.Ex: Go and find the cat if where she stays in. How's your new car? Terrific, she's running beautifully. Tn nc c thay th trang trng: she, herEx: England is an island country and she's governed by a mornach.2. i t nhn xng tn ngme ityou ushim youher them ng ng sau cc i t v cc gii t lm tn ng : us/ you/ them + all/ bothEx: They invited us all (all of us) to the party last night. They asked them both to the party. ng sau us c th dng mt danh t s nhiu trc tipEx: The teacher has made a lot of questions for us students.3. Tnh t s humy ouryour yourhisher theirits ng trc mt danh t v ch s s hu ca ngi hoc vt i vi danh t .4. i t s humine oursyours yourshishers theirsits Ngi ta dng i t s hu trnh khi phi nhc li tnh t s hu + danh t ni trn. ng u cu lm ch ng v quyt nh vic chia ng t. ng sau cc ph t so snh nh than hoc asEx: Your teacher is the same as his teacher. Yours is the same as his. ng sau ng t to be ng ng sau mt ng t hnh ng lm tn ng.Ex: I forgot my homework. I forgot mine5. i t phn thnmyself ourselvesyourself yourselveshimselfherself themselvesitself Dng din t ch ng lm mt vic g cho chnh mnh. Trong trng hp ny n ng ngay ng sau ng t hoc gii t for cui cu.Ex: I washed myself He sent the letter to himself. Dng nhn mnh vo vic ch ng t lm ly vic g, trong trng hp ny n ng ngay sau ch ng. Trong mt s trng hp n c th ng cui cu, khi ni hi ngng li mt cht.Ex: I myself believe that the proposal is good. She prepared the nine-course meal herself. By + oneself = mt mnh.Ex: John washed the dishes by himself (alone)

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Tn ngKhng phi bt c ng t no trong ting Anh cng u i hi tn ng ng sau n l mt danh t. Mt s cc ng t li i hi tn ng sau n phi l mt ng t khc. Chng chia lm hai loi.6. ng t nguyn th l tn ng Bng di y l nhng ng t i hi tn ng sau n l mt ng t nguyn th khc.agreeattemptclaimdecidedemand

desireexpectfailforgethesitate

hopeintendlearnneedoffer

planpreparepretendrefuseseem

strivetendwantwish

Ex: John expects to begin studying law next semester.7. V - ing dng lm tn ngBng di y l nhng ng t i hi tn ng theo sau n phi l mt V- ingadmitappreciateavoidcan't helpconsider

delaydenyenjoyfinishmind

misspostponepracticequitrecall

repeatresentresistresumerisk

suggest

Ex: John admitted stealing the jewels. Lu rng trong bng ny c mu ng t can't help doing/ but do smt: khng th ng c phi lm gEx: With such good oranges, we can't help buying (but buy) two kilos at a time. Nu mun thnh lp th ph nh cho cc ng t trn y dng lm tn ng phi t not trc nguyn th hoc verb - ing. Bng di y l nhng ng t m tn ng sau n c th l mt ng t nguyn th hoc mt V- ing m ng ngha khng thay i.begincan't standcontinuedread

hatelikeloveprefer

regretstarttry

Lu rng trong bng ny c mt ng t can't stand to do/doing smt: khng th chu ng c khi phi lm g.Ex: He can't stand to wait/ waiting such a long time.8. Bn ng t c bit l nhng ng t m ng ngha ca chng s i khc hon ton khi tn ng sau n l mt ng t nguyn th hoc V- ing.1) Stop to do smt: dng li lm g2) Stop doing smt: dng lm vic g3) Remember to do smt: Nh s phi lm gEx: I remember to send a letter at the post office tomorow morning.4) Remember doing smt: Nh l lm gEx: I remember locking the door because leaving, but now I can't find the key. c bit n thng c dng vi mu cu: S + still remember + V-ing : Vn cn nh l ...Ex: I still remember buying the first motorbike5) Forget to do smt: qun s phi lm g (Gi nguyn 1 ln)Ex: I forgot to pickup my child after school6) Forget doing smt: Qun khng lm g (Ch c dng trong cc mu cu ph nh. c bit n thng c dng vi mu cu S + will never forget + V-ing: s khng bao gi qun c l ...Ex: She will never forget meeting the Queen.7) Regret to do smt: Ly lm tic v phi (thng bo tin xu)Ex: We regret to inform the passengers that the flight for Washington DC was canceled because of the bad weather.8) Regret doing smt: Ly lm tic v Ex: He regrets leaving school early. It's a big mistake.9. Cc ng t ng sau gii t Tt c cc ng t ng sau gii t u phi dng V-ing Mt s cc ng t thng i km vi gii t to. Khng c nhm ln gii t ny vi to ca ng t nguyn th.Verb + prepositions + V-ing

approve ofbe better ofcount ondepend on

give upinsist onkeep onput off

rely onsucceed inthink aboutthink of

worry aboutobject tolook forward toconfess to

Ex: Fred confessed to stealing the jewelsAdjective + prepositions + V-ing

accustomed toafraid ofcapable offond of

intent oninterested insuccessful intired of

Ex: Mitch is afraid of getting married now.Noun + prepositions + V-ing

choice ofexcuse forintention ofmethod for

possibility ofreason for(method of)

Ex: There is no reason for leaving this early. Khng phi bt c tnh t no cng u i hi sau n l mt gii t + V-ing. Nhng tnh t bng sau li i hi sau n l mt ng t nguyn th.anxiousboringdangeroushard

eagereasygoodstrange

pleasedpreparedreadyable

usualcommondifficult

Ex: It is dangerous to drive in this weather. able/ unable to do smt = capable/ incapable of doing smt.10. Vn cc i t ng trc ng t nguyn th hoc V-ing dng lm tn ng. ng trc mt ng t nguyn th lm tn ng th dng ca i t v danh t s l tn ng.allowaskbegconvinceexpectinstruct

inviteorderpermitpersuadepreparepromise

remindurgewant

S + V + complement form (pronoun/ noun) + [to + verb]Ex: Joe asked Mary to call him when she woke up.Ex: We ordered him to appear in court. Tuy nhin ng trc mt V- ing lm tn ng th dng ca i t v danh t s l s hu.

Subject + verb + possessive form (pronoun/ noun) + V-ingEx: We understand your not being able to stay longer.Ex: We object to their calling at this hour.

Cch vit ESSAY I. on vn:

1. Thesis statement: ( 1 cu) Cu lun - tm hiu l m on tm tt chnh ca ton on--> Thng bt u vi nhng cm t sau:- Firstly, Secondly, Finally...- First, the reason when I said that is...- Another reason is...- In addition...

2. Support sentences: ( 2-3 cu l n)Cu trin khai --> ci ny th v bin lm. Ty thuc vo chnh ca on m mi ngi vit gii thch thm cho kin mnh a ra. ( S v d r di phn essay)

3. Conclusion: (1 cu) Cu kt - Tm li mnh va trnh by ~ thng l a ra khng nh mt ln na vi la chn hoc kin mnh tn ng! " With all these reasons, I always think that ....is the best choice for me/ I agree with...."

II. Essay

Sn vit essay hon ton khng my khc bit vi cch vit on. C 2 kiu vit essay m c dy l 3-7-7-3 v 3-5-5-5-3!Tuy nhin theo mnh th mi ngi nn chn kiu 3-5-5-5-3 v kiu 3-7-7-3 kh pht trin 1 ra ti 1 on di 7 cu c. Mnh chn nhng th n gin nht vit vo thi!

Kiu vit 3-5-5-5-3 l bi essay s bao gm c 5 on vn nh.Trong :

1. Introduction paragraph ( 3 cu):

- Thesis statement: Cu lun ( 1 cu)- Background information: Thng tin b sung ( khong 2 cu l okay)

+ Thc t th cu lun i hi l cu tm gn chnh c essay --> ngha l nhc li bi l cch d lm nht ~ !!! Tuy nhin sau khi nhc li theo kiu di y...VD: When travelling medium distances, some people prefer to fly, others prefer to take express trains. Which do you prefer? Explain why?--> When travelling medium distances, I prefer to take express trains. ...th mi ngi b b v ko bit phi lm sao vit tip na. V sau background info i hi a ra thm l do, nhn xt --> ko bit lm sao tm gn li nhng l do mnh mun trnh by!

+V th m t ngh mn c th vit theo kiu nh sau ~ a ra 1 nhn xt tng qut v vn mnh cn gii quyt! Sau mi vit ra la chn m mnh ng ( aka nhc li bi). Cht li bng 1 cu theo kiu: Ti chn nh vy/ Ti ngh nh vy v 3 l do sau ( I said that bcuz of these 3 reasons )

VD: When travelling medium distances, some people prefer to fly, others prefer to take express trains. Which do you prefer? Explain why?--> Travelling medium distances is one of my most favourite activities on holiday. In such ocassion like that, I would prefer to take express trains. I said that bcuz of these 3 reasons.

Vi tt c nhng bi essay khc mn cng nn chn kiu vit introduction nh vy >"< ~! Ko bit thy Thn kh tnh ra sao nhng c Sng th chp nhn kiu ny! Tm li l c dn dt t xa n gn!

2. Supporting Paragraphs ( gm 3 on, mi on 5 cu --> lm theo kiu vit on nhc trn)

T c qua tt c ti liu v essay m lp mnh photo. V ng php v din t ca h th rt xn, nhiu t mi na...nhng y li chnh l vn khin cho n kh hc thuc theo =)) !! Tt nht l mi ngi nn t vit li bi essay theo ca mnh c th nh c v trnh by di nhng mu cu n gin nht!

Vi 3 on th nh nhng t ni thng dng nh sau: ( ty chn xi cho cu m u on)

VD:+ Firstly, travelling by train show you how beautiful the scenery is! + Secondly, I always feel comfortable on train + Finally, with medium distances, buying a train ticket is cheaper than an air-ticket!

Sau khi vit ra dc 3 ny nhp th tip tc dng cho mi on. Ci ny th...ty thuc tr tng tng ca mi ngi.Ngh bng ting Vit trc ri dch sang ting Anh cho nn hy c ngh ra cu g tht n gin thi. Ko qun so snh vi vic i bng my bay tng tnh thuyt phc ^^ ~

VD:+ Firstly, travelling by train show you how beautiful the scenery is! When you're on plain, you just can see the sky. But looking over the train window, you can see the whole new world. It's really an amazing experience.

Kiu nh vy >"< !!! V lm ti vs 3 on khc, v mi ngi u c ti liu ri nn khi vit essay ca mnh c th nht v bin i cu sao cho n gin d hiu hn! V mn ch nn nh thi, ng c hc thuc lng lm g...v hc thuc lng xong ng nh t mch 1 pht...th m sau cng qun tt lun!Bh cng nh 3 cu m u trc v n qan trng, pht trin th gch u dng thi!

3. Summary Paragraph ( 3 cu l okay)

L thuyt th phi nhn mnh li ln nht ca c essay, a ra kin hoc gii php g . Nhng m lng nhng lm =-=!Cho nn cch tt nht l c vit 3 cu.

+ Conclusion - Tm gn li ca c essay! ( gn nh chp li ci cu m u )Thng xi nhng t nh: Overall, all in all, In conclusion, to summarize...( v 1 c s na c Sng cho chp nhng t nh mt ri, ko nh ht dc ;___;)

+ Personal idea: C th a ra kin tri ngc ri sau khng nh li d sao la chn cng ko thay i >" Tenzing AND Hillary isWERE the first men to climb Everest. Bit gin lc MQH ri The first people to go to when you need help are your friends.Nhn ch ng gm: mt cm danh t v mnh WHEN m thy hi ng ng, nhng s tht l nh n:The first people whom you go to ...Cu trn l cu gc, c th rt gn hoc gin lc dng TO V v pha trc c FIRST, vy ta rt gn nh sau:The first people (for you) to go to: TO ng 'i ch' nh ny v, nhn li cu gc i, WHOM (the people) ang lm tn ng cho TO , tr li cu hi: YOU GO TO ???-->???=WHOM/THE PEOPLE.Mnh WHEN c lp pha sau, TO khng 'dnh' vo WHEN u.Sentence Building - Basic Level Test 01Instructions: Build a sentence based on the given words.1. Who will / first / strike gold medal / Vietnam?___________________________________________2 Don't worry / result / your examination.___________________________________________3. The road / too slippery / run fast.___________________________________________4. What / man / wearing / you / saw?___________________________________________5. I/ arrive / Tan Son Nhat airport / 2 o'clock / yesterday afternoon.___________________________________________6. I / used / swim / this river / but / I not any more.___________________________________________7. had / learn / do / myself.___________________________________________8. I see / walk alone / park / two hours ago.___________________________________________9. accident / fault / so / I had / pay / damage.___________________________________________10. I / sorry / hear / your mother / sudden death.___________________________________________1. Who will BE the first (people) TO strike THE gold medal for Viet Nam ?[Dng y : Who will be the first person/people who will strike the gold medal for Viet Nam?]2. Don't worry about resultingTHE RESULT of your examination ! Why not ?-->Failure is the mother of success3. The road is too slippery to run fast. OK4. What was the man wearing when you saw him ? OK5. I arrived at (the) Tan Son Nhat airport at 2 o'clock yesterday afternoon. OK6. I used to swim in this river, but i don't any more. OK7. I had to learn to do IT (by) myself. Thm IT cho Do c tn ng( tha thy khi nao dung by + ai t phan thn co phai nhn manh t minh lam vic o a )myself-dng mt mnh: nhn manh t minh lam vic g o by myself: mt mnh, lm g khng c ai gip 8. I saw a man ( a girl, a child, a dog....)-HIM walk alone in THE park two hours ago.Hng bit co nhin thy ht ko walk or walking. c ht, i tng nhn thy nn l xc nh, tr khi nhn thy a bay : nhn thy mt anh chng khng quen bit lang thang trong cng vin-khng truyn t c nhiu thng tin.9. The accident was my fault, so I had TO pay for the damage. 10. I am sorry (for hearing) TO HEAR OF your morther's sudden death. SORRY TO V: cm thy bun v hi tic; ly lm bunSORRY FOR...: rt h thn v hi hn (nht l vic qua); xin li

Modal verb l nhng ng t khim khuyt bao gm: will, would, can, could, may, might, shall, should v must. Nhng ng t khim khuyn ny c th dng chung cho tt c cc ngi v khng chia theo th. Cc ng t theo sau ng t khim khuyt ny c gi khuyn th.

1. MUST + VERB-infinitivea. MUST (chc chn phi l): s dng trong trng hp a ra mt suy lun c tnh on chc chn v mt iu g .Example:- Its not very warm and you are not wearing a coat. You must be cold. (= I'm sure you are cold.)- Mrs. Woods must know London very well. She has lived there all her life.(= Im sure she knows London very well)b. MUST c s dng din t mt s cn thit hoc bt buc trong hin ti v tng lai.Example:- Dont tell anybody what I said. You must keep it a secret.- We havent got much time. We must hurry!c. MUSTN'T c s dng ch mt s cm on.Example: - You must keep it a secret. You musnt tell anybody else.

2. MUST HAVE + PAST PARTICIPLE: Chc chn l ....CANT HAVE + PAST PARTICIPLE : chc chn la a khng...Trng hp ny cc bn dng suy on mt s vic trong qu kh.Example:- Those jackets you bought are very nice. They must have been expensive.- You can't have been at the cinema yesterday. The cinema was closed all day yesterday.

3. CAN'T: Chc l khng, chc l cha... dng suy on mt s vic chn chn khng xy ra.Example:- Long can't be drive. He is 16 years old.- I can't understand this letter. Will you translate it for me?- Sorry, I can't stay any longer. I really must go home.

4. COULDN'T HAVE + PP = CAN'T HAVE +PP: c dng trong cu nghi vn ni v mt vic g din ra trong qu kh.Example:- You couldn't have been at the cinema yesterday. The cinema was closed all day yesterday.

5. COULD HAVE + PP : co th a / co le a... din t s vic co th xay ra trong qua khExample:- You couldn't have been at the cinema yesterday. The cinema was closed all day yesterday.- I could have lent you the money. Why didnt you ask me?

6. SHOULD HAVE + PP : chc co le aOUGHT TO HAVE + PP :- S dng khi chng ta cho rng (d on) mt s vic g c l xy ra nhng ta cha bit c mt cch chc chn.Example:- They should have bought it by now. (But I don't know if they have bought it).- I wonder if she passed her final exam this morning. She ought to have passed it easily. (But I don't know if she passed it).- S dng chi mt s vic m ta cho rng ng l xy ra nhng li khng xayr ra.Example:- They should have arrived by n, but they aren't there yet.- She ought to have passed her final exam easily. I was shocked that her failed.

7. MAY / MIGHT:a. Dng din t mt iu g c kh nng xy ra hoc c th l tht hin ti hoc tng lai. (Trong trng hp ny MIGHT khng phi l qu kh ca t MAY)Example:- It may/might be my brother. ( c th l ch ti)- I may/might buy new laptop next month. (C th thng sau ti s mua mt chic laptop mi).** Khi dng d on v kh nng mt iu g c th xy ra th MAY hm c hi xy ln hn v chc chn hn MIGHT.

b. S dng trong li xin php vi li ni trang trngExample:- May I go out? (Tha c cho em ra ngoi. Cu ny chuyn s dng khi bn mun ra ngoi trong gi hc :D )- May I open the door? (Ti c th m cnh ca c khng?)- I wonder if I might have a little more salad. (Liu ti c th dng thm mt t salad khng?)

c. MAY / MIGHT + BE + VEB-ing: Dng din t mt iu g ang xy ra.Example:- They may/might be singing karaoke at home.

d. MAY / MIGHT + BEEN + VERB (past participle): Dng din t mt iu g c th xy ra trong qu kh hoc xy ra trc mt thi im trong tng lai.Example:- By the end of this week, I might have finished my homework.

e. MIGHT + HAVE + VERB (past participle): c s dng ni v iu g c th xy ra nhng li khng xy ra.Example:- It's ten o'clock. They might have arrived now.

8. NEEDNT : c dung din at s khng cn thit hin tai va tng lai.

MODAL VERBS CAN COULDc tnh chung ca ng t khuyt thiu (Modal verbs)Ngoi nhng c tnh nh tr ng t, ng t khuyt thiu cn c thm mt s c tnh ring nh sau:1.Khng c TO nguyn mu v khng c TO khi c ng t theo sau.They canspeak Frenchand English.2.Khng c S ngi th ba s t th Hin ti.He can use our phone.3.Ch c nhiu nht l 2 th: Th Hin ti v th Qu kh n.She can cook meals.She could cook meals when she was twelve.Trong nhng trng hp khc ta s dng nhng ng t tng ng.ng t khuyt thiu CANCAN l mt ng t khuyt thiu, n ch c 2 th Hin ti v Qu kh n. Nhng hnh thc khc ta dng ng t tng ng be able to. CAN cng c th c dng nh mt tr ng t hnh thnh mt s cch ni ring.1.CAN v COULD c ngha l c th, din t mt kh nng (ability).Can you swim?She could ride abicyclewhen she was five years old.2.Trong vn ni (colloquial speech), CAN c dngthaycho MAY din t mt s cho php (permission) v th ph nh CANNOT c dng din t mt s cm on (prohibition).In London buses you can smoke on theupper deck, but you cant smoke downstairs.3.CAN cng din t mt iu c th xy n (possibility). Trong cu hi v cu cm thn CAN c ngha l Is it possible?Can it be true?It surely cant be four oclock already!4.CANNOT c dng din t mt iu kh c th xy ra (virtual impossibility).He cant have missed the way. I explained the route carefully.5.Khi dng vi ng t tri gic (verbs of perception) CAN cho mt ngha tngng vi th Tip din (Continuous Tense).Listen! I think I can hear the sound of the sea.(khng dng I am hearing)COULD1.COULD l th qu kh n ca CAN.She could swim when she was five.2.COULD cn c dng trong cu iu kin.If you tried, you could do that work.3.Trong cch ni thn mt, COULD c xem nh nhiu tnh cht lch s hn CAN.Can you change a 20-dollar note for me, please?Could you tell me the right time, please?4.COULD c dng din t mt s ng vc hay mt li phn khng nh nhng.Hisstorycould be true, but I hardly think it is.I could dothe jobtoday, but Id rather put it off until tomorrow.5.COULD WAS/WERE ABLE TOa) Nu hnh ng din t mt kh nng, mt kin thc, COULD c dng thng hn WAS/WERE ABLE TO.He hurt his foot, and he couldnt play inthe match.The door was locked, and I couldnt open it.b) Nu cu ni hm mt s thnh cng trong vic thc hin hnh ng (succeeded in doing) th WAS/WERE ABLE TO c s dng ch khng phi COULD.I finished my work early and so was able to go to the pub with my friends.MODAL VERBS MAY MIGHT1.MAY v dng qu kh MIGHT din t s xin php, cho php (permission).May I take this book? Yes, you may.She asked if she might go to the party.2.MAY/MIGHT dng din t mt kh nng c th xy ra hay khng th xy ra.It may rain.He admitted thatthe newsmight be true.3.Dng trong cu cm thn MAY/MIGHT din t mt li cu chc.May all your dreams come true!Trong cch dng ny c th xem MAY nh mt loi Bng Thi cch (Subjunctive).4.MAY/MIGHT dng trong mnh theo sau cc ng t hope (hy vng) v trust (tin tng).I trust (hope) that you may find this plan to your satisfaction.He trust (hoped) that we might findthe planto our satisfaction.5.MAY/MIGHT dngthaycho mt mnh trng ng ch s nhng b (adverb clauses of concession).He may be poor, but he is honest. (Though he is poor)Try as he may, he will not pass the examination. (Though he tries hard)Try as he might, he could not pass the examination. (Though he tried hard)6.MAY/MIGHT thng c dng trong mnh trng ng ch mc ch (adverb clauses of purpose). Trong trng hp ny ngi ta cng thng dng CAN/COULD thaycho MAY/MIGHT.She was studying so that she might read English books.7.MIGHT (khng dng MAY) i khi c dng trong cu din t mt li trch mng c tnh hn di (petulant reproach).You might listen when I am talking to you.(Lm n rng m lng nghe ti ni)You might try to be a little more helpful.(Lm n rng m t ra c ch mt cht)8.Trong trng hp cn thit ngi ta dng be allowed to, permit ty theo ngha cn din t thaycho MAY v MIGHT.I shall be allowed to go to the party.MODAL VERB MUSTMUST l mt ng t khuyt thiu v ch c hnh thc hin ti.1.MUST c ngha l phi din t mt mnh lnh hay mt s bt buc.You must drive on the left in London.2.MUST bao hm mt kt lun ng nhin, mt cch gii thch duy nht hp l theo ngh ca ngi ni.Are you goinghomeat midnight? You must be mad!You have worked hard all day; you must be tired.3.MUST NOT (MUSTNT) din t mt lnh cm.You mustnt walk on the grass.4.Khi mun din t th ph nh ca MUST vi ngha khng cn thit ngi ta s dng NEED NOT (NEEDNT).Must Ido it now? No, you neednt. Tomorrow will be soon enough.5.CANNOT (CANT) c dng lm ph nh ca MUST khi MUST din t ngha kt lun ng nhin, mt cch gii thch duy nht hp l theo ngh ca ngi ni nh cp trong im 2 trn y.If he said that, he must be mistaken.If he said that, he cant be telling the truth.6.MUST v HAVE TOa) HAVE TO dngthaycho MUST trong nhng hnh thc m MUST khng c.We shall have to hurry if we are going to catch the twelve oclocktrain.b) HAVE TO khng ththayth MUST khi MUST mang ngha kt lun ng nhin, mt cch gii thch duy nht hp l theo ngh ca ngi ni nh cp trong im 2 trn y. Ngi ta phi din t bng nhng cch khc.He must be mad. (I personally thought that he was mad)c) MUST v HAVE TO u c th dng din t s cng bch, bt buc (compulsion). Tuy nhin MUST mang ngha s cng bch n t ngi ni trong khi HAVE TO mang ngha s cng bch n t hon cnh bn ngoi (external circumstances)You must do what I tell you.Passengers must cross the line bythe bridge.(Lnh ca Cc ng St)Passengers have to cross the line bythe bridge.(V khng cn ng no khc)MODAL VERBS SHALL SHOULD1. SHALL c th l:Mt tr ng t gip hnh thnh th Tng lai (Simple Future) ngi th nht s t.I shall dowhat I like.Mt ng t khuyt thiu. Khi l ng t khuyt thiu SHALL din t mt li ha (promise), mt s qu quyt (determination) hay mt mi e da (threat) theo ngh ca ngi ni.If you work hard, you shall have a holiday on Saturday. (promise)He shall suffer for this; he shall pay you what he owes you. (threat)These people want to buy my house, but they shant have it. (determination)2. SHOULD c dng trong nhng trng hp sau:Lm mt ng t khuyt thiu c ngha l nn v tng ng vi ought to.You should do what the teacher tells you.People who live in glass houses should not throw stones. (proverb)Dng thay cho must khi khng mun din t mt ngha qu bt buc vi must.Members who want tickets for the dance should apply before September 1st to the Secretary.Dng thay cho th Hin ti Bng thi (present subjunctive).(xem phn Subjunctive)MODAL VERBS WILL WOULD1. WILL c th l:Mt tr ng t. Dng lm tr ng t WILL gip hnh thnh th Tng lai (simple future).Mt ng t khuyt thiu. Khi l mt ng t khuyt thiu WILL din t mt s mong mun (willingness), mt li ha (promise) hay mt s qu quyt (determination).All right; I will pay you at the rate you ask. (willingness)I wont forget little Margarets birthday. I will send her a present. (promise)Trong cch din t s qu quyt (determination) c SHALL ln WILL u c th s dng nhng mi t mang mt ngha ring. Vi SHALL, s qu quyt l ngi ni.Vi WILL, s qu quyt ch t (subject) ca ng t. So snh hai th d sau:(a) George shall go out without his overcoat.(b) George will go out without his overcoat. cu (a), ngi ni nht nh bt George phi i ra ngoi m khng c mc o khoc. cu (b) George nht nh i ra ngoi m khng thm mc o khoc.2. WOULD c th l:Mt tr ng t. WOULD gip hnh thnh mt Tng lai trong qu kh (future in the past) hay cc th trong cu iu kin.He said he would send it to me, but he didnt.If she were here, she would help us.He would have been very happy if he had known about it.Khi dng nh mt ng t khuyt thiu, WOULD din t mt thi quen trong qu kh.Vi ngha ny, WOULD c th dng thay cho used to.Every day he would get up at six oclock and light the fire.MODAL VERBS OUGHT TO DARE NEEDng t khuyt thiu OUGHT TOOUGHT TO l mt ng t khuyt thiu ch c th Hin ti (simple present). N c ngha l nn, gn ging vi should. Trong hu ht cc trng hp OUGHT TO c th c thay th bng should.They ought to (should) pay the money.He ought to (should) be ashamed of himself.1.OUGHT TO cng dng din t mt s gn ng, rt c th ng (strong probability).If Alice left home at 9:00, she ought to be here any minute now.2.OUGHT TO c th dng trong tng lai vi cc t xc nh thi gian tng lai nh tomorrow, next TuesdayOur team ought to win the match tomorrow.3.OUGHT NOT TO HAVE + past participle din t mt s khng tn ng v mt hnh ng lm trong qu kh.You ought not to have spent all that money on such a thing.ng t khuyt thiu DAREDARE c ngha l dm, c gan c th c xem nh mt ng t khuyt ln ng t thng. Khi l mt ng t khuyt thiu, n c y c tnh ca loi ng t ny.Dare he go and speak to her? (ng t khuyt thiu)You darent climb that tree, dare you? (ng t khuyt thiu)He doesnt dare to answer my letter. (ng t thng)She didnt dare to say a word, did she? (ng t thng)Thnh ng I daresay c ngha l c th, c l ng ngha vi cc t perhaps, it is probable. Thnh ng ny thng khng dng vi ch t no khc ngoi ngi th nht.He is not here yet, but I daresay he will come later.ng t khuyt thiu NEEDC hai ng t NEED: mt ng t thng v mt ng t khuyt thiu. Khi l ng t khuyt thiu NEED ch c hnh thc Hin ti v c y c tnh ca mt ng t khuyt thiu. N c ngha l cn phi, tng t nh have to. V th n cng c xem l mt loi ph nh ca must.Need he work so hard?You neednt go yet, need you?C mt iu cn nh l ng t khuyt thiu NEED khng dng th xc nh. N ch c dng th ph nh v nghi vn. Khi dng th xc nh n phi c dng vi mt t ng ph nh.You neednt see him, but I must.I hardly need say how much I enjoyed the holiday.MODAL VERB USED TOng t khuyt thiu USED TOUSED TO l mt hnh thc ng t c bit. N c th c xem nh mt ng t thng hay mt ng t khuyt thiu trong vic hnh thnh th ph nh v th nghi vn.You used to live in London, usednt you?He usednt to smoke as much as he does now.He didnt use to smoke as much as he does now.Did you use to climb the old tree in the garden?Ngy nay ngi ta c khuynh hng dng did v didnt lp th ph nh v th nghi vn cho USED TO. Trong nhiu trng hp th ph nh c th c hnh thnh bng cch s dng never.You never used to make that mistake.USED TO c dng ch mt hnh ng lin tc, ko di, lp i lp li trong qu kh m nay khng cn na.People used to think that the earth was flat.Vi th Qu kh n ngi ta ch bit hnh ng xy ra. Vi USED TO ngi ta thy c tnh cht ko di ca hnh ng y.He was my classmate. (khng r trong thi gian bao lu)He used to be my classmate. (trong mt thi gian kh lu)Phn bit USED TO v mt s hnh thc khc1.USED TO + infinitive: hnh ng lin tc trong qu kh2.(be) USED TO + V.ing: quen vi mt vic g3.(get) USED TO + V.ing: lm quen vi mt vic g.He used to work six days a week. (Now he doesnt)It took my brother two weeks to get used to working at night. Now hes used to it.Tr ng t (Auxiliary verbs) l mt loi ng t gii hn c bit, bao gm 12 ng t (be, have, do, shall, can, may, must, ought to, need, dare v used to) ; trong 9 ng t sau (t shall tr i) cn c gi l ng t khim khuyt (defective verbs) v chng khng cc hnh thc hin ti v qu kh phn t nh be, have, do. Cc ng t khim khuyt cn c gi l ng t tnh thi (modal verbs) v chng dung ch phng thc, thi hnh ng ca ch ng. Tuy nhin, tt c 12 tr ng t u c chung mt tnh cht l tr gip cc ng t chnh thnh lp cc th, thi v cch.

She is working.He didnt come.They have finished.

Is, didnt, have: l nhng tr ng t khng mang ngha r rt v dung gip chia cc th.working, come, finished: l nhng ng t chnh

Cc ng t do, be, have ngoi chc nng l tr ng t cn c th lm ng t gii hn v khng cn tr ng t i km.

V d: ng t gii hn: Mary does her homework everyday.Mary was a pretty girl.Mary has a doll.

Tr ng t:Does Mary understand her homework?She was given a doll.She has done her homework.

CAN: C THCan c dung ch kh nng c th thc hin mt vic g th hin ti hoc tng lai hoc dng xin php hoc cho php.

V d: I can speak Japanese. [kh nng hin ti](Ti c th ni c ting Nht)I can help you next week. [kh nng tng lai](Tun n ti c th gip ch)Can you swim?(Anh c th bi c khng?)Can I go out? [xin php](Em c th i ra ngoi c khng?)You can go. [cho php(Em c th i ra ngoi.)

Hnh thc ph nh ca can l cannot (nn vit dnh lin nhau) c tnh lc thnh cant (khng th)

V d: You cannot park your car here.You cant park your car here.(Anh khng th xe ni y.)COULD: C THCould l hnh thc qu kh ca can, dung ch kh nng c th lm mt vic g trong qu kh.

V d: When I was a child, I could run very fast.(Khi ti cn l mt a tr, ti [] c th chy rt nhanh.)

Could cng c th c dng trong mnh ph do chi phi ca ng t qu kh mnh chnh:He tells me he can play the piano.He told me he could play the piano.

Could: c l, dng ch mt vic c l s din ra trong tng lai nhng cha chc chn:I hear something coming. It could be John.(Ti nghe ai ang i n. C l l John.)

So snh vi: I can see you tomorrow.(Ti c th gp anh ngy mai.) [kh nng c th gp c]I could see you tomorrow.(C l ti s gp anh ngy mai.) [ti cha chc chn]

Could cn c dng thay cho can khi ngi ni mun din t s mm mng, l hn:

Can I turn in my paper tomorrow?Could I turn in my paper tomorrow?(Em c th np bi vo ngy mai c khng?)

BE ABLE TO: C TH, dng thay cho can, could ch kh nng c th lm mt vic g .

I can speak Japanese. = I am able to speak Japanese(Ti c th ni c ting Nht.)I can finish this work next week. = I will able to finish this work next week.(Ti c th hon tt cng vic ny tun n)When I was a boy, I could run very fast. = When I was a boy, I was able to run very fast.(Khi ti cn nh, ti c th chy rt nhanh.)

Ngi ta dng be able to thay cho can th hin ti hon thnh v tin qu kh v can khng c cc hnh thc tng ng hai th ny.

Tuy nhin, could v was/ were able to khng phi lc no cng c th thay th nhau c. Was/ were able to din t s t ti kt qu thng qua mt nng lc no (attainment of something through capacity), trong khi could ch din t s c th (nhng cha chc thc hin c) m thi.

John could swim halfway before he collapsed.(John c th bi c na ng trc khi ui sc.)[cu ny khng r ngha v c th nhng cha chc tht s thc hin]

Phi ni:John was able to swim halfway before he collapsed.(John bi c na ng trc khi ui sc.)MAY: C TH, dng xin php hoc cho php.

You may go now.(By gi anh c th i c ri) [= cho php]May I come in?[Ti xin php vo nh?)

May cn c dng ch s tin on:It may rain tomorrow.(Ngy mai tri c th ma.)

Qu kh ca may l may have + qu kh phn tIt may have rained while we were gone.(C l tri ma trong khi chng ta i vng.)

MIGHT: C TH, l hnh thc qu kh ca may khi dng din t s xin php hoc cho php.

John said that I might go with him.(John ni rng ti c th i vi cu y.)

Khi dng vi ngha c l ch s tin on, might cng c dng ch s tin on hin ti hoc tng lai nh may:

It might rain tomorrow.(Ngy mai tri c th ma.)

Qu kh ca might trong trng hp ny l might have + qu kh phn t:

It might have rained while we were gone.(C l tri ma trong khi chng ta i vng.)

Hnh thc tnh lc ca may not l maynt v ca might not l mightnt nhng t khi c s dng.WILL: S. Ngoi ngha s ch tng lai, s lin kt gia will v ch t thng din t thm cc ngha nh sau:

1. I will: dng ch s sn lng, li ha, quyt tm:All right, I will pay you tomorrow.(c ri, ngy mai ti s tr tin cho anh.)

I wont forget her birthday. I will send her a present.(Ti nht nh s khng qun ngy sinh nht ca c y. Ti s gi tng c y mt mn qu.)

I will make this radio work.(Ti nht nh s lm cho chic radio ny hot ng tr li.)

2. You will: dng din t mnh lnh ca ngi ni, tng ng vi must:You will work here under Mr. Jenkinson.(Anh phi lm vic y di quyn ng Jenkinson.)

Ch : Nu ch mun thng bo ch khng phi ra lnh, thng thng ngi ni dng vi hnh thc v-ing:

You will be working here under Mr. Jenkinson.(Anh s lm vic y di quyn ng Jenkinson.)

3. Will you?... nh, dng din t li mi:Will you have some more tea?(Ch dung thm tr nh?)Will you sit down?(Xin mi anh ngi.)

Ch : Nu ch mun tm kim thng ty ch khng phi l li mi, chng ta ni:

Will you be sitting down?(Anh s ngi xung ch?)

4. Will you (please)? Xin anh vui lng, dng din t yu cu:Will you close the door, please? = Will you please close the door?)(Xin anh vui long ng ca li.)WOULD: l hnh thc qu kh ca will:I know he will be late.I knew he would be late.

Ngoi ra, would cn c cc cch dng nh sau:

1. Would like c ngha nh want nhng l hn:I would like to see her now.(Ti mong c gp c y by gi.)

2. Would you like...? dng din t li mi:Would you like some more wine?(Anh dng thm cht ru na nh?)

3. Would care c cng ngha nh trn nhng ch dng trong cu nghi vn v cu ph nh:Would you care to see my pictures?Would you care for some more wine?

4. Would rather v would sooner: thch hnI would rather go.(Ti thch i hn.)He would rather stay here than go home.(Cu y thch li y hn l v nh.)I would sooner read than watch television.(Ti thch c sch hn xem truyn hnh.)

Would rather c th khng c ng t theo sau khi chng ta mun din t mt ngi thch ngi khc lm vic g . ng t trong mnh theo sau thng th qu kh, d chng ta mun din t s vic hin ti hoc tng lai:

Id rather you went home now.(Ti thch anh i v nh by gi.)Dont come tomorrow. Id rather you came next week.(Ngy mai bn ng n. Ti thch bn n tun ti hn.)

SHALL: S, dng din t tng lai. Ngy nay, will thng c dng thay shall din t s tt c cc ngi. Tng t nh will, ngoi ngha s shall cn c nhng ngha khc nh sau:

1. Shall I/ we?: ... nh?, dng din t ngh hoc hi kin:Shall I wait for you?(Anh s i em nh?)Shall we go to the cinema tonight?(Chng ta i xem phim ti nay nh?)

2. I/ We shall dng din t s quyt tm:I shall do what I like. I shall go there if I want to.(Ti nht nh s lm nhng g ti thch. Ti quyt s i n y nu thy cn.)We shall defend our country, whatever the cost may be.(Chng ta quyt s bo v t nc ca chng ta vi bt c gi no.)SHOULD: l hnh thc qu kh ca shallShe knows I shall write to her.She knew I should write to her.

Should thng c dng vi cc ngha sau y:

1. Should: nn, dng din t bn phn hoc li khuyn:You should pay your debt.(Anh nn tr n.)You shouldnt tell lies.(Anh khng nn ni di)

Ngi ni c th nhn thc bn phn nhng ngc li, c th khng thc hin n:I should study tonigt, but Im going to the movies.(Ti nn hc bi ti nay, nhung ti s i xem chiu bng.)

Bn phn khng c thc hin trong qu kh c dng vi Should have + qu kh phn t (L ra... th nn):I should have studied last night.(L ra ti qua ti nn hc bi.) [nhng ti khng hc]

2. Should cn c dng sau cc ng t: suggest, propose, recommend, advise, determine, agree, order, command, song song vi cch dng ng t nguyn mu v danh ng t:

Suggest: nghHe suggested selling the house.He suggested my selling the house.He suggested that I should sell the house.

Propose: nghHe proposed going to the cinema.He proposed our going to the cinema.He proposed that we should go to the cinema.

Determine: quyt nhHe determined to study law.He determined that he should study law.

3. Should cng c dng sau:It is/ was + necessary (cn thit)/ essential (trng yu)/ better (tt hn)/ important (quan trng)

It is necessary for him to go at once.It is necessary that he should go at once.(Vic anh ta i ngay tht cn thit.)

V cc tnh t nh: anxious (nng lng), strange, odd (l lung), surprising (ng ngc nhin), amazing (kinh ngc), annoying (bc mnh), ridiculous (bun ci):

I am anxious that it should be done at once.(Ti nn nng mun ngi ta phi lm vic ngay.)It is surprising that he should be so foolish.(Vic anh ta di dt nh th tht ng ngc nhin.)MUST: PHI, dng ch bn phn, s bt buc hin ti hoc tng lai:

You must go now.(Anh phi i by gi.)When must I do it?(KHi no ti phi lm vic y?)People must eat in order to live.(Ngi ta phi n sng.)

Must cn c ngha: hn l, dng ch s suy onJohn must have an early class: he leaves the house every day at 6:30.(Hn l John thng phi ln lp sm: hng ngy anh y ri nh lc 6:30.)

S suy on trong qu kh c din t bi must have + qu kh phn t: hn l John must have won the prize. He looks very pleased.(Hn l john ot gii. Trng anh y rt mn nguyn.)

NEED: CN PHI. Tr ng t need c dng ch yu trong cu nghi vn v cu ph nh:

You need not go.(Anh khng cn phi i.)If it is very cold tomorrow you need not go downtown.(Chu khng cn phi xung ph nu chiu mai tri rt.)

Ch s khc nhau gia need l tr ng t (c hnh thc khng i vi tt c cc ngi) v need l ng t thng, c s s t (needs) v dng c trong cu khng nh:

You need not go. = You neednt go. [tr ng t]You dont need to go. [ng t thng, ng t theo sau need phi c to]Your hair needs cutting. [ng t thng, ngi th 3 s t c s]

th qu kh chng ta dng didnt need din t khng cn phi, v dng neednt have + qu kh phn t din t l ra khng cn phi thc hin, nhng thc hin ri.

So snh:We didnt need to go to the market yeserday because we had plenty of food.(Hm qua chng ti khng cn phi i ch v chng ti cn nhiu n.) [Chng ti khng i]We didnt have gone to the market yesterday. I had forgotten about the food we already had in the fridge.(L ra hm qua chng ti khng cn phi i ch. Ti qun thc n chng ti cn trong t lnh.) [Hm qua chng ti i.]

OUGHT TO: NN, ought to khng din t s bt buc n t pha ngi ni (nh must) hoc s bt buc do hon cnh (nh have to). Khi dng ought to, ngi ni ch din t mt bn phn hoc li khuyn m thi. Do , ought to c th xem tng ng vi should:

You ought to obey your parents.(Anh nn vng li cha m)You oughtnt to smoke so much.(Anh khng nn ht thuc nhiu nh vy. ) [li khuyn]

So snh vi: You mustnt smoke so much. (Con khng c ht thuc nhiu nh vy.) [Cm on ca ba m.]DARE: DM. Tr ng t dare c dng trong cu nghi vn v ph nh.

Dare you jump down from the top of that wall?(Anh c dm nhy t trn u tng xung khng?)I darent do it.(Ti khng dm.)

Dare cn l ng t thng c th dng c cu nghi vn, khng nh v ph nh:

Do you dare to jump? I dont dare to do it.(Anh c dm nhy khng? Ti khng dm lm chuyn .)I have never dared to ask him.(Ti khng bao gi dm hi anh ta.)

ng t thng dare cn c ngha l thch thc:He dared me to swim across the river.(Hn thch ti bi qua sng.)

USED TO: THNG, dng din t thi quen hay tnh trng trong qu kh nay khng cn na. Used to l mt tr ng t ch c hnh thc qu kh nhng v mt ng ngha, used to c xem nh mt ph t often:

When I was a boy, I used to swim in the river.(Khi cn b, ti thng bi sng ny.)Used he to be an artist? [= Did he used to be?](C phi trc y anh y l ha s?)

English idioms about time - Cm t, thnh ng ting Anh v thi gian

Clock (ng h)

beat the clock = hon thnh vic g trc thi hn

V d:

We managed to beat the clock and get everything finished in time.

Chng ti c gng hon thnh trc thi hn v lm xong mi vic ng thi hn.

work against the clock = lm vic ct lc (chy ua vi thi gian)

V d:

Scientists are working against the clock to come up with a new vaccine.

Cc nh khoa hc ang lm vic ct lc khm ph ra loi vc xin mi.

to clock on / off / in = ghi thi gian ca mt ngi n lm vic hoc ra v (nht l bng thit b t ng)

V d:

We need to clock in after we come back from lunch.

Chng ti cn phi ghi gi vo lm vic sau khi chng ti n tra xong.

watch the clock (a clock watcher) = canh chng cho ht gi

V d:

If you're a clock watcher, then this job isn't for you.

Nu anh canh chng cho ht gi lm, th cng vic ny khng phi dnh cho anh.

Lack of time (Thiu thi gian)

pressed for time = khng c nhiu thi gian

V d:

I'm a bit pressed for time at the moment. Do you mind if we have the meeting tomorrow?

Ti khng c nhiu thi gian vo lc ny. Anh c phin nu chng ta hp mt vo ngy mai khng?

run out of time = khng cn thi gian na

V d:

We've run out of time on this project.

Chng ti khng cn thi gian cho d n ny na.

a race against time = cuc chy ua vi thi gian

V d:

There's a race against time to save the rainforests.

Hin c mt cuc chy ua thi gian cu cc khu rng nhit i.

no time to lose = khng c thi gian lng ph

V d:

There's no time to lose. We've got to get going.

Khng cn thi gian lng ph na. Chng ta phi vo cuc thi.

Have enough time (C thi gian)

have all the time in the world = c nhiu thi gian

V d:

You don't need to hurry. We've got all the time in the world.

Anh khng cn phi vi vng. Chng ti c rt nhiu thi gian.

have spare time = c thi gian rnh

V d:

What do you do in your spare time?

C lm g trong thi gian rnh ca mnh?

have time on sb's hands / time to kill = qu nhiu thi gian

V d:

We've got a bit of time on our hands. What do you want to do?

Chng ta ch c t thi gian thi. Anh mun lm g?

take your time = c bnh tnh

V d:

Take your time answering the question.

C bnh tnh tr li cu hi.

in your own time = lm iu g m khng cn lo v thi gian

V d:

I'll fix the car in my own time!

Ti s sa xe m khng phi vi!

make good time = lm iu g nhanh hn bn ngh

V d:

We made good time. It only took us an hour to get here.

Chng ti hon thnh nhanh chng. Ch mt mt ting l chng ti n y.

time on your side = tr v cn nhiu thi gian pha trc

V d:

You've got time on your side, so you shouldn't feel pressured into making a career decision now.

Bn cn nhiu thi gian pha trc, v vy bn khng nn cm thy b p lc khi ra quyt nh cho s nghip by gi.

The right time for something (ng lc lm g)

just in time: va kp lc

V d:

They arrived just in time for the wedding.

H n va kp lc m ci.

in the nick of time = Va ng/kp lc.

V d:

We got here in the nick of time. Look at all that rain!

Chng ti n y va kp lc. Nhn tri ma ka!

high time = ng thi im

V d:

It's high time you got a job!

n lc my phi kim vic lm ri!

(Lu : dng th qu kh n sau high time)

not before time = l ra phi sm hn!

V d:

He's finally got a job. Not before time, I might add!

Cui cng anh y cng c vic. L ra phi sm hn mi phi!

it's about time = n lc ri

V d:

It's about time you found your own place to live.

n lc anh phi tm ni ring ri. (Dng th qu kh n sau it's about time)

not the time / hardly the time = thi im khng thch hp cho mt ci g

V d:

It's not the time to ask me for a pay rise!

y khng phi lc ngh ti cho tng lng!

Other idiom about time (Cc cm t khc v thi gian)

lose track of time = qun mt thi gian

V d:

She was so engrossed in her book she lost all track of time.

C y rt mi m vi cun sch ca mnh, c y qun mt c thi gian.

two-time = i chi vi nhiu ngi cng mt lc

V d:

She ought to be careful. She's two-timing Jack with Bill and Jack is a very jealous person

C nn cn thn. C y ang i chi cng lc vi c Jack v Bill v Jack l mt ngi rt hay ghen...

call time on = kt thc mt ci g

V d:

The government are calling time on internet spammers.

Chnh ph s chm dt vic gi th rc qua internet.

take time out = tm ngh mt lc

V d:

He needs to take some time out from his work.

Anh y cn phi ngh lm mt lc.

keep time = ng gi

V d:

My watch doesn't keep good time.

ng h ca ti chy khng ng gi lm.

do time = t

V d:

He's doing time for armed robbery.

Anh ta ang t v ti cp c v trang.

on the company's time = lm vic ring trong gi lm vic

V d:

We're not allowed to use twitter on the company's time.

Chng ti khng c php s dng twitter trn thi gian lm vic.

ahead of his / her time = i trc thi i.

V d:

He's definitely ahead of his time. He's always got so many fascinating ideas.

Anh y tht s i trc thi i. Anh y lun c rt nhiu tng hp dn.

behind the times = li thi

V d:

He's so behind the times. He still plays records! Can you believe it?

Anh ta tht tt hu. Anh ta vn nghe a ht! Anh c tin ni khng?

keep up / move with the times = bt kp thi i

V d:

My mum is learning to use email to keep up with the times.

M ti ang hc cch s dng email bt kp thi i.

have the time of sb's life = c mt thi gian tuyt vi

V d:

She's having the time of her life at University. She loves it!

C y c mt khong thi gian tuyt vi i hc. C y yu n!

before your time = trc khi ai sng hoc lm vic mt ni

V d:

There used to be a post office here. That was before your time, of course.

Trc y ni ny l mt bu in. Tt nhin l trc khi bn ti y.

time and a half = tin lm thm ngoi gi

V d:

We get time and a half if we work on Saturdays.

Chng ti s c tin lm thm ngoi gi nu lm vo cc ngy th By.

overtime = tin lm thm ngoi gi

V d:

The firm is cutting back on overtime.

Cng ty ang ct gim tin lm thm gi.

time share = mt ngi nh ngh c mua bi nhiu ngi, ni m mi ngi ch c mt khong thi gian nht nh trong nm h c th s dng n

V d:

Time share apartments are cheap at the moment.

thi im ny nhng cn h lun phin s dng ang kh r.

time warp = khng h thay i sau mt thi gian

V d:

This town seems to be stuck in a 1950s time warp. There are no fast food places and everything's closed on Sundays.

Th trn ny c v khng h thay i trong nhng 1950. Khng c ni no bn thc n nhanh v mi th u ng ca vo ngy ch nht.

time zone = mi gi

V d:

The UK is in a different time zone from the rest of Europe.

Vng quc Anh c mi gi khc vi phn cn li ca chu u.

-Kira-