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Anglicky v odbornch pedmtech"Support of teaching technical subjects in EnglishTutorial:Business Academy

Topic: Manufacturing activities

Prepared by:Ing. Marcela Zlatnkov

Projekt Anglicky v odbornch pedmtech, CZ.1.07/1.3.09/04.0002je spolufinancovn Evropskm socilnm fondem a sttnm rozpotem esk republiky.

Production- it is a process of transformation of input factors into output onesProduction process is a process of interaction of production factors and its result is goods and services. Structure of production process can be carried out according to various criteria.The production process according to labour force participation: Working process- a worker affects current assets using fixed assets MANUAL lies in physical force of the worker, tools are usually used, e.g. hand drill drilling

MACHINE-MANUAL effect of long-term assets is connected to physical strength of a worker using machines, e.g. electric drill drilling MACHINE uses machines on higher technical level, e.g. standing drill drilling, the worker controls and directs the machineManufacturing activities

Automatic process-a man checks and prepares the process , e.g. Numerically controlled drill drilling Natural process- a man does not participate in the process, he creates conditions for it, e.g. rising, ripening, baking, fermentation

Manufacturing process according to product determination: Main processes- the result are products that are intended for sale a/ basic production production of goods, the business was set up for b/ secondary production production of components and accessories to products of basic production c/ additional production it is a waste processing or production under way of better use of available capacity of machines d/ associated production production of goods of other manufacturing industry

Auxiliary processes- resulting in products that are mainly used for producers needs Operating processes- help basic processes, e.g. Transport, storage

Are distinguished by the number of produced types, range of production and its repetitionThey are divided into:Piece production is production of a large number of types of products, but only in small quantities and production is irregular from the time standpoint. Production preparation is careful. Machinery is multipurpose, workers must be highly qualified to handle different types of work.Series production is production of fewer types of products, but in larger number of each type. It is characterized by some repetability. Depending on the number of pieces of one type it can be further divided into small-lot, medium-series and large-series production. Multipurpose machines are used, they are specialized in large-series production.Mass production is production of a small number od types in large quantities, high repetability is characteristic. Machines are single-purpose. Workers can be low-qualified, but qualified professionals are also needed. It has high productivity, lowest costs, it allows the use of production lines and has a short production cycle.Types of production

Is transition from piece to series and mass productionBy means of accumulation effective use of technology is achievedIt is carried out by concentration, specialization and cooperationConcentration centralization of production in one placeSpecialization is a process of independent production by particular types of work, which leads to higher labour productivity, it is specialized either on the product or the stages of the production process. Ways to specialization are unification ( unification of shapes and sizes), typing (selection of a small number of types that will be produced) a standardization ( using the same components for several machines).Cooperation- is cooperation of specialized departments manufacturing complex productsAccumulation of production

Three questions should be answered before the start of production:

WHAT TO PRODUCE which products, how many, designHOW TO PRODUCE what raw materials will be used, material, what technology, amount of human workFOR WHOM TO PRODUCE who the consumer will bePlanning department and marketing deal with the composition of the plan.It must:- determine the type and range of productiondetermine the volume of productionspread out production into periodsdivide the total sales and supply for domestic and foreign trade and for investment developmentIndicators of production are: natural units, units of effort, monetary units, added valueProduction plan

Is maximum number of products that the business (or machine) can produce per time unit under optimal conditions.It is determined in natural units

Annual PC= usable time fund/capacity time standard

Annual time fund= number of calendar days in a year number of days of rest(Saturdays, Sundays, holidays) plant holiday planned duration of reconstruction

Usable time fund = annual time fund * number of daily working hoursProduction capacity

1/Capacity of the manufacturer of vynil windows is used in 65%.What could be done to increase utilization of capacity, if in the next two years significant growth of contracts is not expected?

2/ Specify whether the following points are main, auxiliary or operating processes:a/ footwear productionb/ tool productionc/ waste processingd/ production of energy for production line drivee/ storage of materialf/ transportation of finished products

3/ Give examples of piece, series and mass productionTasks:

Biovec, K. Pehled uiva k maturitn zkouce z ekonomiky. Fortuna, 2004. ISBN 80-7168-747-2. varcov Jena, ing a kolektiv, Ekonomie, strun pehled. Ing. Jena varcov, Ph.D., CEED nakladatelstv a vydavatelstv, 2006. ISBN 80-903433-3-3.Klnsk Petr, Munch Otto, Ekonomika pro obchodn akademie a ostatn stedn koly 1-4. Fortuna, 2003, ISBN 80-7168-862-2.

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