Anatomi & Fisiologi Sistem Kardiovaskuler
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SISTEM KARDIOVASCUlER
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Sistem Kardiovaskuler
Sistem dalam tubuh yang mengedarkan darah untuk keperluan pertukaran zat dan gas
Komponen sistem kardiovaskuler
1.Cor (jantung)
2.Vasa sanguinis (pembuluh darah)
3.Darah
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COR
Memunyai 4 ruang:
1. Atrium dextrum
2. Atrium sinistrum
3. Ventriculus dexter
4. Ventriculus sinister
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COR
Katup:
1. Valvula tricuspidalis
2. Valvula bicuspidalis (mitralis)
3. Katup semilunaris (arteri pulmonalis & aorta)
Septum:
- Septum interatriale (atriorum)
- Septum interventriculare (ventriculurom)
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COR
Dinding:
1. Endocardium
2. Myocardium
3. Epicardium (pericardium) Vascularisasi: a. coronaria
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VASA SANGUINIS
Terdiri atas:
1. Arteria
2. Arteriola
3. Kapiler
4. Venula
5. Vena
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Vasa yang keluar dari cor:
- a. pulmonalis
- aorta
Vasa yang masuk ke cor:
- V. cava superior
- V. cava inferior
- Vv. pulmonales
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SIRKULASI DARAH
1. Sirkulasi sistemik
2. Sirkulasi pulmonal
3. Sirkulasi portal
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DARAH SIRKULASI
1. Darah arterial
2. Darah venosa
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Fungsi Umum Kardiovaskuler
Melayani kebutuhan jaringan: Mengangkut nutrisi & oksigen ke jaringan Mengangkut sisa metabolisme dari jaringan Mengangkut hormon ke sel target
Memelihara lingkungan internal untuk kehidupan & fungsi optimal sel.
Bagaimana pengendalian kerja Sistem Kardiovaskuler agar dapat melayani kebutuhan jaringan seluruh tubuh???
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Aliran Darah
Tekanan Darah
Memenuhi Kebutuhan Perfusi Jaringan
Pompa Jantung
Tahanan Pembuluh Darah Lokal
Tahanan Pembuluh Darah Total
Kontraksi Otot jantung
Potensial Aksi
Sistem Konduksi & Otot Jantung
Ruang & Katub jantung
Kontraksi Otot Pembuluh Darah
Otot Pembuluh Darah
Siklus jantung
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PengendalianParameter:
1. Curah jantung
2. Tekanan darah [P]
3. Aliran darah [Q]
4. Tahanan pembuluh darah [R]
Curah jantung = Volume sekuncup x frekuensi jantung
R
PQ
Hukum Ohm:
lQ
8
Pr4Hukum Poiseuille:
r = jari-jari pembuluh darahŋ= viskositas darahl = panjang pembuluh darah
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Fungsi Bagian Kardiovaskuler Jantung:
Memompa darah Arteri:
Transpor darah di bawah tekanan tinggi ke jaringan. Ateriol:
Mengatur aliran darah yg menuju kapiler Kapiler:
Pertukaran cairan, nutrisi elektrolit hormon antara darah dan cairan interstisial
Venula: Mengalirkan darah dari kapiler ke vena sedang
Vena: Mengalirkan darah dari jaringan ke jantung Reservoir darah terkendali.
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Volume Darah di Sistem Kardiovaskular84 % di sirkulasi sistemik:
64 % di vena13 % di arteri7 % di arteriole dan kapiler sistemik
16 % di sirkulasi paru dan jantung:7 % di jantung9 % di paru
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Penampang pembuluh darah
Pembuluh darahPembuluh darah Penampang (cmPenampang (cm22))
AortaAorta 2,52,5
Ateri kecilAteri kecil 2020
ArterioleArteriole 4040
KapilerKapiler 25002500
VenuleVenule 250250
Vena kecilVena kecil 8080
Vena cavaVena cava 88
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Kecepatan Aliran Darah
Di aorta: 33 cm / detik Di kapiler: 0,3 mm / detik
Oleh karena tekanan darah makin ke perifer makin turun, maka aliran darah:
• Panjang kapiler: 0,3 – 1 mm darah berada di kapiler 1 – 3 detik
• Waktu untuk pertukaran antara plasma dan interstisial sangat singkat!!!!
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Tekanan Darah
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3 Prinsip Dasar Fungsi Kardiovaskuler
1. Aliran darah ke setiap jaringan dikendalikan berdasarkan kebutuhan jaringan.
2. Curah jantung dikontrol terutama oleh keseluruhan kebutuhan jaringan.
3. Tekanan darah dikontrol oleh pengendali aliran darah lokal maupun oleh pengendali curah jantung.
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