Anatomi fisiologi 2
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Transcript of Anatomi fisiologi 2
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ANATOMI & FISIOLOGI SISTEM PENCERNAAN
OLEH : dr.sugeng riyadi
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Lamina Propia
• Di bawah lapisan epitel• Jaringan ikat : dilalui pembuluh darah kecil,
serat saraf & saluran limfe• Lamina propria dipisahkan jaringan ikat di
bawahnya oleh suartu lapisan tipis otot polos yaitu muskularis mukosa
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2. Sub Mukosa
• Jaringan ikat kedua dibawahnya• Lapisan ini dilalui pembuluh darah & limfe
lebih besar, cabangnya menembus lapisan mukosa diatas &lapisanotot di bawahnya
• Terdapat jala saraf disebut pleksus sub mukosa ( meissner)
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3. Muskularis Eksterna
• Jaringan otot polos• Kontraksinya menimbulkan gaya mendorong &
memindahnkan isi saluran GI
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3. Muskularis Eksterna
• Terdiri 2 lapisan a. Otot sirkuler : sebelah dalam, tebal, kelilingi lumen, jika
kontraksi lumen menyempit
b. Otot longitudinal : sebelah luar , lebih tipis, bila kontraksi saluran GI memendek
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Muskularis Eksterna
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3. Muskularis Eksterna
Diantara kedua otot polos terdapat pleksus saraf lain yang lebih eksentif yaitu: a. Pleksus mienterikus (AUERBACH) b. Pleksus sub mukosa c. Pleksus mienterikus/ intramural d. Neuron lain di Saluran GI membentuk sistem saraf enterik
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4. Serosa• Selapis jaringan ikat , diliputi sel gepeng ,
mengelilingi permukaan luar saluran GI• Sekresi cairan serosa, untuk membasahi &
mencegah gesekan dengan organ lain• Lembar jaringan ikat tipis2 ( Mesenterium,),
hubungkan serosa ke dinding abdomen, menopang segmen GI ke rongga abdomen
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Fungsi Hati
• Sekresi empedu• Sekresi sel epitel saluran empedu
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Kelenjar eksokrin GI
• Kelenjar Saliva• Hati• Pankreas
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HATI
HATI
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SEL HATI
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Kandung empedu
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Liur pencernaan yang dialirkan ke usus halus • Liur Pankreas• Empedu: • Liur usus halus
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Kelenjar empedu
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Liur Pankreas
• 1500 cc / hari• bikarbonat, elektrolit: Na,K,Cl,enzim• Pengaturan sekresi melalui pengendalian hormon
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Empedu
• Air 97%, garam empedu 0,7%, pigmen empedu ( 0,2%), kolesterol, garam anorganik, as. Lemak, lesitin, fosatase alkalis
• Fungsi memudahkan pencernaan & absorbsi lemak
• Aktikan lipase
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Protein
• Hasil akhir pencernaan protein : as. Amino• Transort aktif
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Lemak
• Hasil akhir pemecahan lemak: asam lemak bebas, gliserol, monogliserioda
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USUS besar
USUS BESAR
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Fungsi Usus besar
• Menyerap air & elektrolit• Menyimpan bahan feses saat deekasi
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Gangguan usus
• Konstipasi• Megakolon• Diare
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Usus besar
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ANUS
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LATERAL
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VENTRAL
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AKTIVITAS SEKRESI DAN MENCERNA:
• Kontrol sekresi dan komposisi cairan
• Enzim pencernaan
• Kontrol sekresi enzim
• Faktor ang mempengaruhi aktivitas enzim