172

`mKw 1

173

`mKw 1

hnip Izp-B-\nse G-hpw-h-enb kqd-m-Wn-Xv. CXns an-`m-Khpw\_n Xncp-ta-\n-bpsS aZo\m Pohn-X- ns BZy-Im-e--fn Ah-X-cn--Xm-Ip-p. Npcpw Nne Bb-p-I Ah-km-\-Im-e--fn Ah-X-cn--h-bp-am-Wv.IzpBs Ah-XcWw BZywsXm-h-km-\whsc {Ia-n-tem, Hmtcm kqd- pIfm-tbm Bbn-cp--ns-pw, k`hpw Bh-iyhpw A\p-k-cnp ]e-tm-gmbn Ah-X-cn-p-I-bm-bn-cpp ]Xn-sh-pw, A-tm Ah-X-cn-p `mK- Cnkqd-p-I-fn Cn ` mKp tN-W-sav \_n Fgp- p-Im-tcmSp I]n-p-I-bm-bn-cpp sNbvXncp-sXpw apw apJ-hp-c-bn hnh-cn-Xv Hm-p-a-tm.

auen-I-X-Xz-, hnizmk knm- -, Ia-]-c-amb hn[n-hn-e-p-I, \nba\nt-i-, kmtcm-]-tZ-i-, D]-a-I, ZrjvSm- -, Ncn{X kw -`h-,kZm-Nm-c-aq-ey-, ktmj hm-I, Xmo-Xp-I Fn--s\-bp Xpd-I-fn, ap-kqd-pIsf At]-nv Cu kqd- n IqSp-X ImWm-hp--Xm-Wv.AXp-sIm-p-X-s-bm-bn-cnmw Nne \_n-h-N-\--fn Cu kqd-n-s\-n (Izp-Bs ]qpw AXns sImSp-ap-Sn-bpw) Fp ]d-n-cn-p--Xpw. (A,-Xz.) H-Iw, Imf apX-em-b-h-bpsS ]pdv Ghpw s]mn-m-Wp apg-bm-Wtm ]qv. AXp-t]m-se, ]-X-ns `mK--fn GhpwDb-c-mbn ImgvN-bns]-Sp-Xv AXns sImSp-ap-Sn-bp-am-bn-cn-pw. AXp-t]m-se, Izp-B\nse {]Xn-]mZy hnj-b--fn kqd-p _Izdx- IqSp-X apg-p-\np-p-shv kmcw.

\_n bpsS am-Po-hn-X-Im-ev AhnsS apivcnpI-fpsS B[n-]Xyhpwkzm[o-\-hp-am-Wtm \S-am-Sn-bn-cp--Xv. AXp-sImv ao Ime-L--n Ah-X-cn kqd- p-I-fnse {][m-\ ]cm-ai- Xulo-Zn-s\bpw inn-s\bpw kw_-n-m-bn-cp-p. Xncp-ta-\nbpw kzlm-_n-Ifpw aZo-\-bn sNp-tm-gm-IsA-h AhnsS Fpw app-X-s--A-hn-sS-bp Ad-_n-I-fn hen-sbmcp hn`mKwkXy-hn-izmkw kzoI-cnp Ign--npv. Ckveman\v Hcp sXfn A-cowAhnsS kwPm-X-am-bn-p-ap-m-bn-cp-p. BI-bm, a\p-jys hyn-]-c-hpw, kmaq-ly-hp-amb aWvU-e--fn {Inbm--I-am-bpw, \ntj-[m--I-ambpw kzoI-cn--s-

2. kqdXp _IzdxaZo-\-bn Ah-X-cn-Xv hN-\- 286 hn`mKw (dp-Iq-Dv) 40

174

`mKw 1

tSp hn[n-hn-e-p-Ifpw D]-tZ-i-\ntifpw B k -`ns Bh-iy-am-bn-cp-p. aZo\m Pohn-Xns Bcw- -`L---fn Ah-X-cn Cu kqd-n CuImcyw {]tXyIw ]cn-K-Wn--s-p-Im-Wmw.

AtX-k-a-bv Ckv-em-an\pw apkvenwIpw Ghpw ISp Hcp ]pi{Xpkaq-ls AhnsS t\cn-tSn hn-cp-p. AsX, blq-Zn-I-sf. ssZhnIaX- n-sbpw, {]hm-NI ]mc--cy- n-sbpw Ip -Im-h-Imiw hmZn- n-cp Ah,hmkvX-h-n B cn-t\mSpw \ma-am-{X _w t]mep-an-m--hw Zpjnpt]mbnpmbn-cp-p. Ckvemans\-Xn-cn blq-Zn-I kzoI-cn-p-h hntZz-j-hpw.sshcm-Ky-hpw ]Ibpw Akq-b-bp-samw {]kn--am-Wv. Cu kqd-n \smcp`mKw Ahsc kw_-n-p--Xm-Ip-hm ImcWw AXm-Wv. Inp ]gp-sXmwD]-tbm-K-s-Sp-nsmv- Ckvemans\-Xnsc KqVm-tem-N-\-I \S-p-hm Hcp-s-n-cp asmcp i{Xp-hn-` m-Khpw AhnsS cwK-p-m-bn-cp-p, ap\m-^n-Izp-I(I-]-S-hn-izm-kn-I). kzm--fpw, Xmm-enI Imcyem -`fpw Hmp {]Xy--n Ckvemans thjw AWn-n-cp Ch bYm-n apkvenwIf-m-bn-cp-p. Ch-sc-p-dnpw Cu kqdn ]eXpw {]kvXm-hn--s -n-cn-p-p.IqSmsX, ap kqd-p-I-fn ImW-s-Sm Nne ]cmai-fpw, D]-a-I-fpw, kw -`h-I-YIfpw apw CXn AS-n-bn-pv.

kqd-p _Izdx (]-ip-hns Aymbw) Fv CXn\v t]cv hcp-hm Imc-Ww, Ckvdm-Cu-ey-cn Ign-p-t]mb Hcp ]ip-hns kw`hw CXn hnh-cn--snpXm-Wv. Hmtcm kqd-nepw hnh-cn--s-n-p GsX-nepw {]tXyIhnj-bs kqNn-n-p--tXm, AXn {]tXyIw hn-p GsX-nepwhmpIsf kqNn- n-p-tXm Bb t]cp-I-fn-em-bn-cnpw an kqd-p-Ifpw Adn-bsSp-Xv. Npcpw NneXn\v {]Xn-]mZy hnj-bs kqNn-n-p t]cp-I-fp-am-bn-cn-pw. sam -n ]d-m kqd- p-I Xncn--dn-bm-\p Hcp FfpamK-sa \nev am{X-amWv Ah-bpsS t]cp-I. AXvsImv Htc kqd-n\vXs Nne-tm Hn-e-[nIw t]cp-m-sbpw hcpw. hnj-b- ssIImcywsNp--Xnepw, Ah-bpsS {Iao-I-c-W- n-ep-samw Izp-B\v AXn-s-Xmb {]tXyIcoXn-I-fm-Wp--Xv. CXn-s\- -n-sbmw apJ-hp-c-bn hni-Zo-I-cn-n-pXv sImvIqSp-X-sempw {]kvXm-hn-t-p Bh-iy-an-.

\_n ]dXmbn A_qlp-dbvd (d) C{]-Imcw {]kvXm-hn- n-cn-pp: "\n-fpsS hoSp-Isf \n Iz_v m\--fm--cpXv. kqd-p _Izdx HmX-s-Sp hoSp-I-fn \n-b-ambpw ]nimNv {]th-in-p-I-bn'. (A; ap; Xn; \.) Izp-B ]mcm-bWw t]mse-bp Imcy--sfmpw \S- msX hoSp-I aqIhpw iq\y-hp-am--cp-sX-mWv Iz_v-m-\-am--cpsXv ]d--Xns kmcw. CXvt]m-se-bp thsdbpw lZo-Yp-I ImWmw. Hcn-, Hcp Iqw Bfp-Isf Hcp `mK-tv \ntbm-Kn--b--t, Ah-cn Hmtcm-cp-pw Izp-B ]mcm-bWwsNp-hm-\p Ignhv \_n ]cn-tim-[n-p-I-bp-m-bn. Ah-cnsh v Cfw {]mb-m-c-\mb Hcm X\nv Izp-Bs Cn ` mKhpw kqd-p _Iz-dxbpw Adn-bm-sav ]dp. Atm Xncp-ta\n ]dp "Xs IqsS kqd-p _Iz-dx-

175

`mKw 1

bptm? Fm t]mbn-sm-p-I. Xm Ch-cpsS Aao (\m-b-I) BIp-p;(Xn; \; P; lm.) \m-kp_v\p kwB(d) C{]-Imcw {]kvXm-hn-n-cn-p-p. "Iz-p-B-\pw, AX-\p-k-cnv {]hn-n-cp AXns Bmcpw (Izn-bm-av \mfn)sImp-h-c-s -Spw. kqd-p _Iz-dxbpw, Bep-Cw-dm\pw Ah-bpsS Bmvthn (A-hsc \ymbo-I-cn- p) Xw \S-n-sm-v Ah-cpsS apn hcp--XmWv' Fv \_n ]d-bp-Xv Rm tIn-cn-p-p. Xncp-ta\n Ahv aqvD]-a-Ifpw hnh-cn-n-cp-p. Rm\Xv CXvh-scbpw ad-n-n-. AXm-b-Xv, Ah cpwcp taL--sf-tm-Ww, As-n Idp cp XW-ep-I-sf-tmWw, As-n AWn-\n-c cp ]n-q--sa-tmWw Fm-bn-cpp AXv. (A; ap; Xn;_p-Xm-co-Jn.)

CXp-t]mse, kqd-p _Izdx-bp-sS-bpw, "Bb-pIpknv' apX-embAXnse {]tXyIw Nne Bb-p-I-fp-sSbpw t{ijvTX-I hnh-cn-p ]e lZo-Yp-Ifpw cnhm-b-p-Ifpw D-cn-p-hm-\p-v. Nne-sXms k`w-t]mse AXXvm\-fn \apv ]cn-N-b-sSmw Cu kqd-nepw {]kvXpX Bb-p-I-fnepw AS-nb hnj-b--fpsS {]m[m-\yhpw al-Xz-hp-amWv AsXmw Npn-m-p--Xv.

]caImcp-Wn-I\pw Icp-Wm-\n-[n-bp-amb Amlphns \ma-n.

1 Aen-^v--emw-aow

2 B {Kw! AXn kt-lta C; (A-Xv) amK-Zi-\-a-s{X, kqvaX ]men-p--hv.

3(A-Xm-b-Xv) AZr-iy- nhniz-kn-p-I-bpw, \a-kvImcw\ne-\n-dp-p-Ibpw sNp--h;\mw Ahv \In-bn -p --Xn\nv Ah Nne-h-gn -p-Ibpw sNpw.

4 (\-_n-tb), \nn-tevCd--s --Xnepw, \ns apmbnCd--s --Xnepw hniz-kn-p--hcpw; ]c-tem-I-n-em-I-s,Ah ZrV-ambn hniz-kn-p-

!!!! """" #### $$$$ %%%% &&&&

!!!! '''' ((((

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%%%%

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%%%% ++++

176

`mKw 1

Izp-B-\nse 29 kqd-p-I-fpsS Bcw- -`n CXvt]m-se-bp GXm\pw

tIh-em--c- ImWm-hp--Xm-Wv. XpSp hmIy--fp-ambn LS-\m-]-c-tam,

A-]-ctam Bb _-an-m--h-bm-bXvsImv Chv (th-dnp \np A-c-) Fp ]d-b-s-Sp-p. Nne kqd-p-I-fpsS Bcw- -`

n ( t]mse) Hc-cw am{X-am-bpw, Nne-Xn ( t]mse) c--c-am-bpw, Nne-Xn ( t]mse) aq--c-am-bpw, Nne-Xn ( t]mse) \me--c-am-bpw, Nne-Xn ( t]mse) A--c-am-bpw--C-ns\ Ap-X-c-n--Ch hn-p-v. Ch-bnXs Hn-e-[nIw kqd-n

Bhn--s --h-bpw, Xosc Bhn--s -Sm -hbpw ImWmw.

Ccw A-c--sf-n {][m-\-ambn cv A`n-{]m-b--fmWv \ne-hn-ep-

-Xv.

1) Amlp Ahs {K- n \nt-]np shn-p Hcp cl-ky-am-W-Xv.

Ah-bn \mw hniz-kn-p-p. Ah-bpsS A-tam, hymJym-\tam \ap--dn-p-

Iq-Sm, CXmsWmc-` n-{]m-bw. A_q-_-Iv, Da, DYvam, Aen, C_v\p akv-DuZv

(d) apX-emb kzlm-_o-h-cyam-cpw, iA-_o, kp^v-bm-\p-Yuco (d) t]mse-bp

Xm_n-DIfmb lZoYv ]WvUn-Xamcpw Izp-B hymJym-Xm--fn Hcp hn`m-

Khpw Cu \ne-]m-SmWv kzoI-cn-n-cn-p--Xv.

Ibpw sNpw. [C-h-cmWv kpvaX]men-p--h].

5 Aq-, X-fpsS cn-Xm-hn-\np kmK-n-em-Ip-p. Aq-X-s-bmWv hnP-bn-Ifpw!

1 Aen-^v--emw--aow. 2 B, AXv ( {Kw, {K-amWv kt-lta C AXn amK- Zi\-amWv

kqvaX]men-p--hv, `b- -`-mv. 3 6 bmsXmcp Iq Ahhniz-knpw AZr-iy- n Ah \ne-\n-dp- p-Ibpw sNpw \a-kvImcw bmsXm-n\nv \mw \In-bn-cn-pp A Ahv Ah Nne-h-gnpw. 4 6 bmsXmcp Iqcpw Ah hniz-kn-pw, Cd--s--Xn \nn-tev Cd--s--Xnepw \ns-apv ]c-tem-I-n-em-Is A Ah ZrV-ambn hniz-kn-pp. 5 L Aq- M kmK- n-emWv N X-fpsS cn-Xm-hn-\np L Aq- A Ah (X-s)

hnP-bn-I.

,,,,

---- ....

#### $$$$

,,,, ####

//// 0000

177

`mKw 1

2) Ah-bn Nne kmc-fpw kqN-\-Ifpw AS-n-bn-p-v. AXv \mw Nnnpw

]cn-tim-[npw a\-n-em-t--Xm-Wv. CXmWv asmcp hn`m-Kns \ne-]m-Sv.

Fm, Ah-bpsS hymJym-\- n-tem, Ah-bn-e-S-nb kqN-\m-c-l-ky- Nqn-

m-p--Xntem Chv tbmPn A`n-{]mbw ImWp-I-bn-. hyXy-kvX-amb kao-

]-\--fm-Wp--Xv. Ah-bn IqSp-X {]k--am-b-Xns Npcpw CXm-Ipp:--

Fm-hpw kp]-cn-Nn-X-amb Ccw Ad_n A-c--fm Iqn-t-

s-n-p Hcp {Kw Xs-bmWv Izp-B-\pw. Fm, CXvt]m-se-bp Hcp

{Ktam CXnse Hc-ymbw t]mse-bp Hcp `mKtam \n-sfmv sImp-h-cp-

ho Fn-s\ \ntj-[n-I-fmb i{Xp--tfm-Sp Hcp shp-hn-fn-bmWv Cu A-

c-. ka-Jvi-co, ss_Zzm-ho (d) apX-emb ]e Izp-B hymJym-Xm-fpw Cu

A`n-{]m-b-amWv \ymbo-I-cnpw hni-Zo-I-cnpw ImWp--Xv. Camw ap_dZqw (d)

ap kqvam-t\z-jn-I-fmb ]ecpw Cu A`n-{]m-b-m-cmsWpw Camw dmkn (d)

{]kvXm-hn-n-cn-p-p. "AivssiJp Camw C_v\p ssXan-bpw \psS Kpcp-h-

cy Alm-^nfzv A_p lm-Pn apkvko ( ) bpw Cu A`n-{]m-b-m-cm-sWv ' C_v\p IYodpw (d) ]d-n-cn-p-p. Ad_n Aam-e-bn 28

A-c--fm-Wp--Xv. AXns ]Ip-Xn-`m-K-amb

Fo 14 A-c--fmWv kqd-p-I-fpsS Bcw- -`n-ep Cu tIh-em--c--fn-ep--Xv. Dm-c-Whpw kzc-hy-Xym-khpw IW-n-se-Sp-p-sImv Ad_n A-c- ]e-X-c-ambn `mKn--s-Sp-p. Htcm Xc-nepw ]IpXn hoXw Cu 14 ImWm-hp--Xm-Wv. (*) _mn ]Ip-Xn-I Ch-bn \nv A\p-am-\n-m-a-tm. AXp-t]m-se- -s, Ad-_n-bnse ]Z- ]cn-tim-[n-m Hp apX Ap-hscA-c- Dsm-p--h-bm-bn-cnpw Ah. IqSp-X ImW-s -Sp ]w,Ah AX-Xns aqe-[m-Xp-hn-ep kmm A-c-v ]pdsa GsX-nepwImc-W-m hn-n--s --h-bm-bn-cn-pw. Cu tIh-em--c-fnepw XsHp-ap-X Ap-hsc A-c--fm-Wp--Xv. IqSm-sX, \maw, {Inb, AhybwFn-h-bpsS GXm\pw Xc-hy-Xym-k-fpw, cq]-ssh-hn-y-fpw Ch-bn A -`hn-n-cn-p-p.

CsXmw ChnsS hnkvX-cnp ]d-bp ]w, AXv hfsc ZoLnp t]mIp--Xp-sImv Hcp GI-tZi hnh-cWw sImv aXn-bm-p-I-bm-Wv. Npcp--nCns\ Fm-hpw kp]-cn-Nn-X-amb Ad_n A-c--fpw, Ah-bm kwL-Sn-

n--s -Sp hmp-Ifpw D]-tbm-Kn- p-sIm-m-Wtm Fm Ad_n KZy--]Zy

kmln-Xy--fpw cq]w sImp--Xv. CtX A-c--fp-sSbpw hmpI-fp-sSbpw

(*) ae-bm-f- n Jcw, AXn-J-cw, arZp, eLp Fn-s\ A-c-`mKn --s-Sm -dpXpt]mse Ad_n A-c-fpw

( ) Fpw apw ]e-Xmbn Xcw Xncn--s -n-cn-p-p. Izp-Bs ]mcm-bW imkv{X-amb "Cap- -PvhoZv ( )s {K--fn Ch-sb-n hni-Z-hn-hcw ImWmw.

178

`mKw 1

kaqlw Xs-bmWv Izp-B-\pw; Fn-cn-s, CXns apgp-h `mK-tm-tSm,-G-

Xm\pw `mK-tmtSm InS-]n-Sn-- Hcp IrXn Bpw kan-p-hm Ign-

bm-Xv AXns Aam-\p-jn-I-Xv kv]jvS-amb Hcp sXfn-hm-Ip-p. Fn--

s\-bmWv Cu kao-]-\- ns kmcw. (*)

Cu A`n-{]m-b-n\v ]n_ew \Ip Hcp hkvXpX ChnsS Nqn-m-

Wn--s-Sp-p. 29 kqd-p-I-fpsS Bcw- -`nemWv Ccw Ac-fp--Xv.

B kqd-p-I ]cn-tim-[n-p-tm, Izp-Bs kXy-X-bpw, al-Xz-hpw, Aam-

\p-jn-I-Xbpw Nqn-m-p Nne hmIy- AtXm-sSmw XpSv ImWm-hp--

Xm-Wv. DZm-l-c-W-ambn: ChnsS F A-c--sf-p-Sv "B{K--n

Hpw kt-l-an', ( ( ) Fpw, ASp kqd-n AXn-s\-p-Sv Amlp AmsX Bcm-[y-\n-, Ah Poh-m-bph\pw \nbm-

hp-am-Wv. Ah \n\v bYm-{]-Imcw {Kw Cd-n-n-cn-p-p'

( (

V W ) Fpw ]d-bp-p. CXvt]m-se-

bp {]kvXm-h-\-I ap kqdpI-fnepw ImWm-hp--Xm-Wv. thsdbpw ]e

A`n-{]m-b- Cu A-c-sf kw_-nv D-cn-p-hm-\p-s-nepw Fmw

Nne A`n-{]m-b- F-msX Ahv sXfn-hp-I-fpsS ]n_ew ImWp-n-.

Hcp alm {]kvXm-hn--Xmbn C_v\p IYo (d) Cs\ D-cn-n-cn-pp:

"Cu A-c-sf hrYm {]tbm-P-\-an-msX Amlp Ah-Xn-cn- n- n-n- F Imcyw

\nw-i-b-a-s{X. Xosc A-an-msX X\n Bcm-[-\m-]-c-am-bXv ( ) hXpwIzp-B-\n Dsv Bsc-nepw ]d-bp ]w AXv hn Hc-_--am-Wv.Atm, B A-c-v Ftm A-ap-sv Xo-bm-Wv. Fm,]m] hnap--\mb Bfn (d-kq-en) \nv hXpw \apv icn-bmbn hp-In-n-bm \mw AXp-{]-Imcw ]d-bpw. Cm ]w \mw \np-n-Sv \nevp-Ibpw sNpw. (\mw AXn hniz-kn-n-cn-pp; Fmw\psS dn-\np--Xm-Wv) Fv \mw ]d-bp-Ibpw sNpw. Hcp \nn-X-amb A`n-{]m-b-n ]WvUn-Xam GtIm-]n-n-p-an-. Ah `nn-p-I-bmWvsNbvXn-cn-p--Xv. Atm, tcJm-aqew hhpw h A`n-{]m-bhpw hy-am-bn-n-n-bm Abm-fXv ]n]-t--Xm-Wv. Cs-n Imcyw hy-am-hp--Xp-hscau\-ambn \ne-sIm-p-I-bmWv thXv '.

Nne hkvXp-X-I ChnsS Hman-p-Xv {]tbm-P-\-I-c-am-bn-cn-pw. bmsXmcpAhpw Dt-iy-hp-an-m- -sXmpw Izp-B-\n Cs-pw, Dm-Im-h-X-spwXo-X-s. ]t, Fm-hpw s]mXp-hn a\nemp-hm Ign-bm Nne

`mKw AXn-ep-mbn-cn-m-sav kq: Bep-Cw-dm 7mw hN-\-nshp ImWmhp-

-Xm-Wv \ (]-c-kv]-c- km-Zr-iy-apXv AYhm Xncn- -dn-bp-hm Ign-bm--Xv) FmWv AXn\v AhnsS D]-tbm-Kn- n-cn-p--hm-v. CXn-\-n apJ-hp-c-bn

\mw hnh-cnp Ign-n-p-v. Amlp klm-bn-m Bep-Cw-dm\nshpw Nne

hnh-c- ImWmhp--Xm-Wv (*) IqSp-X hni-Zo-I-cWw Adn-bp-hm B{K-ln-p--h, ka-Jvi-co,

ss_Zzmhn (d) apX-emb almam-cpsS X v^ko {K t\mp-I.

179

`mKw 1

Cu A-c-sf kw_-np hnp kzoIm-cy-amb Hcp lZoYv CXmWv:

"Am-lp-hns InXm-_n\nv Bsc-nepw Hcp Acw HmXn-bm Ah\v AXn-s\mcp \-bp-v. \-bm-I-s, ]n-cn {]Xn-^-e-ap--Xp-am-Wv. "Aen- v^--emw-

aow' FXv Hc--c-am-sWv Rm ]d-bp--n. "Aen^v' Hc-cw "emw' Hc--

cw. "aow' Hc--cw, lmInw, Xna-Zo, _m, Zmcnao (d) Fn-hcpw _pJmcn (d)At-l-ns "XmcoJ-nepw C_v\p-a-kv-DuZv (d) \nv D-cn--XmWv Cu lZo-

Yv. CXnepw {]kvXpX A-c--fpsS Xm]cyw FmsWv {]kvXm-hn--s -

n-n-. Fnepw Izp-B Aw Adn-bmsX ]mcm-bWw sNp--Xnepw \a-bp-sv CXn\nv hy-am-Ip-p. hni-Z-hn-h-c-n\v apJ-hpc t\mp-I.

( ( B {Kw) Fp ]d-Xv Izp-Bs\ Dt-inp Xs. Hcp

hkvXp kao-]v nXn sNp-tm AXn-tev NpnmWn-p-hm km[m-

cW \ne-bn (C-Xv, Cu) Fpw ap-am-Wv Ad-_n-bn D]-tbm-Kn--s-Sm-dp-

-Xv. Nne-tm, Nqn-m-Wn-p hkvXp-hns al-Xz-tam, DX ]Zhntbm

kq-Nn-n- p-sImv Xm-\ (A-Xv, B) Fpw D]-tbm-Kn--s-Sm-dp-v. CX-\p-k-cn-mWv Chn-sSbpw B kqN-\m-\maw D]-tbm-Kn-n-cn-p--Xv. B

al-mb {Kw Fp-t-iyw. Izp-Bs\ Nqn-m-n-smv cp Imcy--

fmWv Amlp {]kvXm-hn-p--Xv. (1) AXn kt-lta C. (2) AXv kqvaX

]men-p--hv amK-Zi-\-am-Wv. kqvaX ]men-p--h-cpsS KpW-

XpSp hnh-cn-p-Ibpw B KpW--tfmSpIqSn-b-h-cmWv kmKn-Ifpw hnP-bn-I-

fp-sav Dt_m-[n-n-p-Ibpw sNbvXn-cn-p-p.

(dbv_v) F hmn\v kt-lw, sXn--mcW Fpw apw Awhcpw. BZys A-amWv ChnsS. Izp-Bs {]Xn-]mZy hnj-b--fn-tem,

kt-i--fntem ey ZrjvSm---fntem Hpw Xs kwi-b-n\v ]gp-Xn-.

Fmw kphy--amb bmYmyfm-Ipp Fs{X (A-Xn kt-lta C) Fp ]d--Xns Xm]cyw. ]t, AXv kXy-k-qWhpw kphy-

-hp-amb Hcp {Kam-sW--Xp-sImv Fm a\p-jypw AXns amK-Zi\w

{]tbm-P-\-s-Sp-I-bn; AXns amK-Zi\w kzo-I-cn-p-hm Xm-dp--ht

AXp-sImv {]tbm-P-\-ap-q-sh-mWv (kq-v-aX ]men-p--hvamK-Zi\amIp-p) F hmIyw Nqn-m-p--Xv.

(lp-Zm, lnZm-b-v) Fo ]Z--fpsS A-s-p-dnv kq:^mXnlxbn hnh-cn-p-h-tm. (ap--Izo) F hmn-\mWv "kqvaX]men-p--h' Fv Aw I]n--Xv. Am-lp-hns hn[n-hn-e-p-I A\p-

k-cn-p-sImv Ahs inpw A{]o-Xnpw Imc-W-am-Ip Imcy-sfkqnp Pohn-p `b-` --m FmWv B hmp-sImp hnh-. Cu

kq-va-X-bm-Ip ` b-` -n-mWv (XIzvhm) Fv ]d-bp--Xv. Cu hmnsDtiyw hnh-cn-p--Xn Izp-B hymJym-Xm--fpsS hmN-I- hyXy-kvX--fmbn It-p-sa-nepw Cu Bi-b- n Ah-scmw tbmPn-p--Xmbn ImWm-

hp--Xm-Wv. kqvaX ]men-p--ht Izp-Bs amK-Zi\w {]tbm-P-\-

180

`mKw 1

s-Sp-I-bp-q-sh-p--Xns ImcWw asmcp ev Amlp Nqn-m-pp:

^ ` 6 c - (kmcw: ]d-bpI: AXv--Izp-Bhniz-kn- -hv amK-Zi-\hpw ia-\-hpw--

B-izm-k-{]-Z-hpw--B-Ip-p. hniz-kn-m- -hm-I-s, Ah-cpsS ImXp-I-fn Hcp-

Xcw In-bp-m-bn-cn-pw. AXv Ahv Hcp A-X-bp-am-bn-cn-pw. (41: 44) hn-iz-

kn-p-hm Xm-dn-m- -h IzpB tIp-tm-sgms Ah-cpsS \ntj[w

hn-p-I-bm-Wv Dm-Ip-I. A-s\, AX-hv IqSp-X tZmj-I-c-ambn Iem-

in -p -IbpwsNpw. Amlp]d -bpp: d (kmcw: kXy-hn-izm-kn-Iv ia-\hpw Imcp-Wy-

hp-am-bp--Xns\ Izp-B-\n-epsS \mw Ah-X-cn- n- p-sIm-n-cn-p-p. A{I-an-Iv

AXv \jvS-s-b-msX hn- n-p-I-bn-. (17:82) kqvaX ]men-p--h-cpsS

{][m\ e-W--fmbn Ap Imcy- Amlp ChnsS FSpp ]d-n-cn-

pp. Ch-bm-WXv:

1) (Ah AZriy Imcy-n hniz-kn-p--hcm-Wv)HcpImcyw kXy-sav k-Xn-p--Xn\v `mj-bn (Cu-am) Fv ]d-bp-p. 6 (hn-iz-kn-p-Ibpw ka- {]hn-p-Ibpw sNbvX-h) Fn-s\ hnizmkhpw {]hrnbpw Iqn-tp-sIm-p

{]kvXm-h-\-I-fn Cu A- n-ep Cuam-\m-Wp-t-iyw. Fm, kXyw k-

Xn-p-Ibpw AXn\v hg-p-Ibpw sNpI F A-n-emWv Izp-B-\n-epw,

CkvemanI kmln-Xy--fnepw "Cuam\pw' AXn\n-p -`hn-p ]Z-fpw \ncp-

]m-[nIw D]-tbm-Kn--s-Sm-dp--Xv. Cu A-{]Imcw a\-p-sImv hniz-kn-

p-Ibpw B hnizmkw hmp-sImpw {]hrnsImpw kmmIr-X-am-p-

Ibpw sNpI Fm-bn-cnpw hnh. AXp-sIm-mWv ka-hgn

Cuam hn-p-I-bpw, Zpjva- hgn Cuam Ipd-bp-Ibpw sNp-sav

Camw im^n-Cu, AlvaZv, _pJmco (d) XpS-nb apKm-an-I-fmb F{Xtbm

almam ]d-bp--Xpw. ]e Izp-B hmIy-fpw \_n-h-N-\-fpw CXn\v sXfn-

hmbn Camw _pJmco (d) At-l-ns 'kzlo-ln' D-cn-n-p-ap-v.

(K-bv_v) F hmn\v "AZriyw AYhm ad--Imcyw' FmWvhmw. _mtly-{nbfpsS ZrjvSn-bn\nv ad--sXms `mjm-{]-

Imcw "Kbv_m'-Ip-p. ` m--fpsS A`m-h- n A\n-jvS--sfmpw {]hn-

msX kqn-p `mcy-am-sc-n Fv (4:34) ]d-Xv CuuA- n-emWv. "Kbv_n' hniz-kn-pI F-Xp-sIm-p-t-iyw, Am-lp-hns

k, ae-p-I, ]c-tem-Iw, hnNm-c-W, kzKw, \c-Iw, Iz_vdnse A\p- -`h-

BZn-bmbn _mtly-{n-b- hgn-tbm, B -tc-{n-b-h-gn-tbm, As-

n _qn-sImtm kzbw Is-m Ign-bm--Xpw, thZ-{K---fp-sSbpw

{]hm-N-Iam-cp-sSbpw {]kvXm-h-\-I sImpam{Xw Adn-bp-hm Ign-bp--Xp-

amb Imcy--fm-Ip-p.

181

`mKw 1

ap-IznI-fpsS (kq-vaX ]men-p--h-cp-sS) Hm-as eWw

"Kbv_n' hnizkn--em-sWv Amlp ]d-Xv hfsc {it-b-am-Ip-p.

t\cnI-Xpw tIXpw am{Xta hniz-knq Ftm, _pn-sImp Nnnpw

Kth-jWw \S-nbpw Ip-]n-Sn-p--Xn-\-pdw asmpw Dm-Ip-hm-\n-stm

Dd-n- p-sh-p--hv Izp-B aptJ-\-tbm, thZ-{K-- aptJ-\tbm amK-

Zi\w e`n-p-hm t]mIp-n-. C-s\-bp--h-sc-p-dn- mWv aX-\n-tj-[n-I,

\na-X-hm-Zn-I Fpw apw ]d-bp--Xv. Fmw X-dn-bm-sa Alw-`m-h-

hpw, a-S-ap-jvSnbpw Ch-cpsS kz`m-h-am-bn-cn-pw. X ]ptcm-K-a-\m-i-b-m-

cmWv, AZr-iy-n hniz-kn-p-Xv tIhew ]g-\pw A]-cn-jvIr-X-hp-amWv

Fsm-s-bm-bn-cnpw Ch-cpsS P]-\w. Fn-cn-s, Ch-tcmSv ]c-te-mIw, ]p\-

cp-m\w, kzK-\-cIw apX-emb ad Imcy--sf-p-dn-smpw D]-tZ-in-nv

^e-an--tm. AXmWv Izp-Bs amKZi\w Chv {]tbm-P-\-s-Sm-Xn-cn-p-

hm Imc-Ww.

"Kbv_n's\ (A-Zr-iy-Im-cy-s) kmm "Kbv_v' Fpw Bt]-n-I-

amb "Kbv_v' Fpw cmbn `mKn-m-hp--Xm-Wv. Am-lp-hn-\-msX ampw

Adn-bp-hm Ign-bm--sXmw kmm "Kbv_m'Ipp. Nnev Adn-bp-hmIgn-bp--Xpw, ap Nnev Adn-bp-hm Ign-bm--Xp-amb Imcy- Bt]-n-

I-amb "Kbv_n'epw s]Sp-p. ae-p-Iv Ah \nh-kn-p DX temI--

fnse Imcy- ]eXpw Adn-bp-hm Ign-bp-sa-nepw a\p-jyv AXn\v Ign-hn-

-tm. a\p-jysc kw_-nv CXv cm-as C\- ns] "Kbv_m'Wv. _pn-

sImv Nnn-tm, imkv{Xob amK- D]-tbm-Kn-tm, ]cn-N-bw-sIm-tm,

eWw aptJ-\tbm knn-p Adn-hp-I-sfmpw "Kbv_n' Ds-Sp-I-bn-.

DZm-l-c-W-ambn (1) In-bnm In, tdUn-tbm, iq\ym-Imihml\w apX-emb b{ -

km-a-{Kn-I-fpsS klm-b-tmsS e`n-p Adn-hp-I. (2) \-{X--fp-sSbpw

{Kl--fp-sSbpw KXn-th-Kw, {`a-Ww, `qK -` nse Xm]-\ne apX-em-b-h-sb-p-dn v

\ncoWw sNbvXp e`n-p Adn-hp-I. (3) ZoL-Ime ]cn-N-bw, apJ-e-

Ww, i_vZ hyXym-kw, ZoL-Zr-jvSn, _pn-km-ayw, kz]v\-kq-N\ apX-em-bh

hgn e`n-t -m-hp A\p-am-\-. Ch-sbmpw "Kbv_n' Ds -Sp-n-. Ihn-

-]w Nne hyn-Iv a\-n-em-p-hm Ign-bp-Xpw Nne hyn-Iv

a\-n-em-p-hm Ign-bm- -Xp-sa \nev `mjm-n-ep Bt]-n-I-amb

"Kbv_v' Fv thW-sa-n Ah-sb- n ]d-bmw. A{X-am{Xw.

(2, 3) A (A-h \a-kvImcw \ne-\n-dp-p-I-bpw, \mw Ahp \In-b-Xn\nv Nne-h-gn-p-Ibpw sNpw). `mj-bn

"{]m\' F-ap hmmWv (kz-em-v). XIv_o sImpXpSn kemw sIm-h-km-\n-p {]tXyI coXn-bn-ep CkvemanI \a-kvImc

IaamWv AXp-sImv hnh-. Ap-t\-cs \n_ \a-kvIm-c- Ah-

bpsS LS-I-fpw \n_--\-Ifpw acym-Z-Ifpw ]qn-bm-n-smv kabw

sXmsX \n-ln-pI Fs{X \a-kvImcw \ne-\n-dp- sImp-t-iyw. \mw

182

`mKw 1

\In-b-Xn \nv Nne-h-gn-pI Fp ]d--Xns Xmev]cyw Ckvemanse

\n_--Zm-\-amb km-pw, km-n\p ]pdsa \n-ln-p-hm I]n--

s-n-p Fm Zm\-[a--fp-am-Ipp. Ap t\cs \n_ \a-kvIm-c-

p ]pdsa thsdbpw sFOnI \a-kvIm-c-fpw, \n_--amb Zm\-[a-

p ]pdsa thsdbpw Zm\-[a-fpw \n-ln-p-hm Ckvemw t{]mkm-

ln-n-p-sIm-n-cn-p-Xv icn-bm-Wv. ]t, ap-Izn-I-fpsS A\n-hmcyKpW-

sf hnh-cn-p k -`am-bXv sIms{X \n_--amb \a-kvIm-c-fpw Zm\-

[a--fp-am-Wp-t-in--s-n-cn-p--sXv ]d--Xv. a\p-jy\v Am-lp-hn-t\m-

Sp A\p-jvTm-\-]-c-amb IS-a-I-fn hfsc {][m-\-s --XmWv \a-kvIm-c-Iaw.

Zm\-[a Am-lp-hn-t\m-Sp Hcp IS-a-bm-sW--Xn\p ]pdsa kmaq-ly-amb

Hcp IS-abpw IqSn-bm-Ipp. Cu cp IS-a-Ifpw \nd-th-m--h ap-Izn-I-fn

DsSpIbn-s-pw, Ahv Izp-Bs amK-Zi\w ^e-s-Sp-I-bn-spw

Cu hN-\--fn\np hy-am-Ip-p.

[\- n\np Nne-h-gn-pI Ftm atm ]d-bm-sX, \mw \In-b-Xn\np

Nne-h-gn-pI ( A ) FmWv Amlp D]-tbm-Kn hmv. hfscA-h- mb Hcp hmm-Wn-Xv. Izp-B-\n ]e e--fnepw Cu {]tbmKw

ImWmw. [\w km-Zn-p-Xv `qan-bn \np D]m-Z-\hpw {]b-Xv\hpw

hgnbmWtm. `qanv D]m-Z-\-in \In-b-Xpw, AXn \nv D]---fp-

m-p--Xpw, AXv {]tbm-P-\-{]-Z-am-p--Xp-samw Am-lp-hm-Wv. a\p-jy\v

bXv\n-p-hm-\p Adn-hpw, Ignhpw, D]m-[n-bpw, kml-N-cyhpw \Ip-Xpw Am-

lp-X-s. Hcp hnjbn Htc {]Im-c-n-ep {ibpw {iahpw \S-n-sm-

n-cn-p cp-t]v e`n-p t\fpw, Htc an Htc kz`m-h-n \S-

-s cp Irjn-I-fn \nv e`n-p ^e--fpw, Htc hyn Xs Htc

coXn-bnepw Htc Af-hnepw cp {]mhiyw ]cn-{i-an--Xns t\-fpw, Ftmgpw

Hm-bn-cn-p-I-bn-. Hcn- Bbn-c--W-n\p saw Innb AtX m\ v

asm-cn- ]qPy-am-bn-cnpw ^e-sap hcpw. Atm, `qan-bpsS {]Ir-Xn-tbm,

Azm-\-ns kz`m-htam A\p-k-cnp am{X-a hn -`h- e`y-am-Ip--sX-pw,

Am-lp-hmWv Fmw IW-m-p-Xpw \Ip--Xp-sapw kv]jvS-am-Wv. ]t,

Amlp IW-m-nb B hn -`h- e`n-p-Xv Ah Xs IW-m-n-bn-cn-

p amK--fn-eq-sS-bm-sWp am{Xw. C-s\, Amlp \In-b-XmWv a\p-

jys In-ep [\hpw hn -`h--fp-sa-mw. Fn-cn-s, AXn \np Nne-h-gn-

p-hm a\pjy Fn\v aSn-Ww? Amlp \In-b-Xn \nv Ah \nt-

in-p hnj-b--fn Nne-h-gn-m Ah--H--s-n asm-v--C--s-n

\msf--]-Icw \In-tb-pw. Fn--s\-bp kqN-\-I Cu {]tbm-K-n

A -`hn-n-cn-p-p.

(4) 6 (\n-\v Cd--s--Xnepw \n\vapv Cd--s--Xnepw hniz-kn-p--h-cm-bn-cn-pw). AXm-b-Xv, \_n v Cd--s Cu thZ-{K-n {]tXy-I-ambpw ap {]hm-N-Iamv Ah-X-cn--

183

`mKw 1

s-n-p Xudm-v, CPo apX-emb thZ-{K--fn s]mXp-hmbpw hniz-kn-p-sav kmcw. Fm {]hm-N-Iamcpw {]t_m-[\w sNbvXn-cp-Xv Ckvemw

Xs. j (\n--b-ambpw aXw Am-lp-hns ASp-CkvemamIpp (3: 19). {]mhn-Ihpw A\p-jvTm-\-]-c-hp-amb coXn-bn Imtem-Nn-X-amb Nne hyXym-k- Dm-bn-cn-p-sa-p-am-{Xw. ( ( l (\n--fn Fm-hpw Xs Htcm \S-]-Sn-{I-ahpw Xpd amKhpw\mw Gs -Sp-n-bn-cn-p-p. (5: 48) Fn-cn-s, GsX-nepw Hcp {]hm-N-I-

\ntem At-l-ns {K-ntem hniz-kn-m-Xn-cn-p-Xv ^e- n Fm-h-

scbpw \ntj-[n--em-bn-cn-p-a-tm. Izp-B AXns app thZ-{K--sf

kXy-am-p--Xm-Wv. ( ) Fv Izp-B-\n ]e-tmgpw ImWm-hp--Xns Aw CXn\np a\-n-em-m-hp--Xm-Wv. (Cu hnjbIam-bn, Cu

kqd-nse 136, 137, 285 Fo hN-\--fn-epw, kqd- p-n-km-Dv 150-152 apX-emb

hN-\--fnepw IqSp-X hni-Zo-I-cWw ImWm-hp--Xm-Wv).

blq-Zn-Ifpw {InkvXym-\n-I-fp-am-Ip thZ-m Nne {]tXyI \_n-am-cn hniz-

kn-p-I-bpw, ap--h-cn Ahn-iz-kn-p-Ibpw sNp--h-cm-Wv. thZ-m-c-m

Ad-_n-I-fm-I-s, C_vdmlow \_n(A) -bp-am-bp Hcp \ma-am{X ]mc-cy _-

a-msX ap {]hm-N-Iam-cp-ambn Ahv Hcp _-hp-an-. Atm, thZ-m-

cn\nv Ckveman hcp--hsc kw_-n-t-Stmfw Ah X-fpsS thZ-{K-

--fnepw \_n-am-cnepw hnizkn- n-cp--Xn\v ]pd-sa, \_n Xncp-ta-\n-bnepwIzp-B-\nepw hopw hniz-kn-t--Xpv: Ad-_n-I-fn\nv kXy-hn-izmkw

kzoI-cn-p--hsc kw_-n-t-S-tmfw Ah Izp-B\pw \_n bpw ASwFm \_n-am-cnepw thZ-{K---fnepw ]pXp-Xmbn hniz-kn-t--Xp-v. AXp-

sIm-mWv thZ-m-cn\nv hniz-kn-p--h-sc-n A L (A-hv Ah-cpsS {]Xn- -^e- cp {]mhiyw \I-sSpw (28: 54) Fv Amlp

{]-kvXm-hn-n-cn-p--Xpw. \_n ]d-bpp: "aqp Iqv Amlp cp{]mhiyw {]Xn-^ew \Ip--Xm-Wv. Xs {]hm-N-I-\nepw, Fnepw hniz-kn--

h-\pw, Am-lp-hn-t\m-Sp IS-abpw kzw bP-am-\-t\m-Sp IS-abpw \n-ln--

h-\pw, kzw ASn-a-kv{Xov \mbn acymZ ]Tn-n- -tijw Ahsf kzX-{ -bm-

n- hnhmlw Ign--h-\p-amWv B aqp Iq' (_p-. ap.).

thZ-m-cn \nv apkvenamb Hmtcm hynbpw asm apkvenwIsf-mfpwA-

h F{X DX ]Z-hn-bn-ep--h-cm-bn-cp-mepwt{i-jvT-X-bp-f-f-h-cm-bn-cn-p-sa-

C-d--Xns Aw. Hcp hnj-b-n- {]hm-N-Iam-cn-ep hnizm-k- n-

-cp \ne-p {]Xn-^ ew Ahv e`n-vsat AXn-\-ap-q. hnizm-k-

ZmVyw-sIm-pw, ka--fpsS B[nIyw sImpw ap--hv Ah-sc-m

{]Xn-^ew e`n-p-sa-p--Xn\p CXv FXn-c-. apth-Z-{K---fn hniz-kn-p-

I-sb-Xv sImp-tiyw \ne-hn-ep Xudm-nepw CPo-en-ep-sams hni-Z-

ambn hniz-kn-pI F-. Imc-Ww, am- n-cp- -ep-Itm, G-p-d-hp-Itm

hnt[-b-am-Im-sX--Izp-B Ah-X-cn-p--Im-epw AXn\p tij-hpw--A-h-

184

`mKw 1

sbmpw Ah-bpsS kmm cq]-n \ne-hn-en-. BI-bm sam -n-

ep hnizm-k-am-Wp-t-iyw. ap thZ-{K---fnse D-S--sf kw_-n-t-

S-tmfw Ah Cu aqn-semcp {]Im-c- n-em-bn-cn-pw.

1. Am-lp-hn-sbpw dkq-en-sbpw {]kvXm-h-\-I-tfmSv tbmPn-p--Xv. Cu

hn`mKw icn-sh-epw hniz-kn-epw \n_--am-Ip-p.

2. Ah cn-t\mSpw FXn-cm-b-Xv. Cu hn`mKw \ncm-I-cn-epw hniz-kn-m-Xn-

cn-epw \n_--am-Wv.

3. cp-a-m--Xv. Cu hn`m-K-s-p-dn-mWv \_n C{]-Imcw ]d-Xv:"thZ-m \n-tfmSv h-am\w ]d-m \n-f-hsc kXy-am-p-Ibpw If-

hm-p-Ibpw sN-cp-Xv. Fnepw Cns\ ]d-p-sIm-pI: Rv Cd--

s--Xnepw \nv Cd--s --Xnepw R hniz-kn-n-cn-pp; (_p.).

(5) A (]-c-tem-I- n Ah ZrV-ambn hniz-kn-p-p) hmkvX-h- n "Kbv_n' hniz-kn-pI Fv ]d--Xn Ds-Sp--Xm-Wv, ]c-tem-I-n-ep hnizm-k-hpw. ]c-tem-I-hn-izm-kw ZrV-am-Ip-tm am{Xsa Cu ` uXnI

Pohn-X-n\v tijw hcm-\n-cn-p Fm Imcy--sf-p-dnpw bYm- n

hnizm-k-ap-m-hp-I-bpq. A\-iz-c-am-bXpw Fm \ Xn-Ipw IrXyhpwIWn-i-hp-ambn {]Xn-^ ew \I-s-Sp--Xp-amb Hcp Pohn-X-ap-s-pw, Ahn-sS-

shp k \nb-m-hmb Am-lp-hns apn kIe sNbvXn-Ifpw IW-p-

t_m-[n-n-tn hcp-sa-p-ap ]cn-]qW hnizm-khpw Dd-p-amWv a\p-jys

kmK-t_m-[-n-\p GI-\n-Zm-\w. CkvemanI hnizmk knm- --fp-sS-

sbmw ASn--d-bmWv Am-lp-hnepw ]ctemI-n-ep-ap hnizm-kw. AYhm

a\p-jys XpS--sbpw aS--sbpw Ipdn-p t_m[w. asmcp hn[-n

]d-m, Xm Fhn-sS-\np hp, Ftmv t]mIpp F-Xn-s\-p-dn- p

t_m[w. ap hnizm-k--sfmw CXns hni-Zmw-i-tfm A\n-hmcy hi-tfm

Bbn-cn-pw. AXp-sIm-mWv hnizm-k-s-p-dnp ]d-bp an epw

Izp-B-\n, Am-lp-hnepw ]c-tem-I-n-ep-ap hnizm-k-s-n {]tXyIw

FSpv ]d-bm-dp--Xpw.

Cu Ap KpW-hn-ti-j-W--tfmSp IqSn-b-h-cmWv ap-Izn-I (kq-vaX

]men-p--h) Fp ]d--tijw AhcpsS t\--sf-m-bn-cn-p-sav hnh-

cn-pp: L M N (A-h X-fpsS dn \np kmK-n-em-bn-cn-pw) AsX, Amlp \nt-in--Xpw, Ah Xr]vXn-s-Xpw, Ah

A\p-{Kln-Xp-amb bYm kmKw GXmtWm B amKw AwKo-I-cn- -hcpw

AXn Ncn-p--h-cp-am-W-h. sF-lnI Pohn-X-n shv Hcmv e`n-p-hm-

\p Ghpw hn kmy-]-{X-as{X CXv. CXn-ep-]-cn-bmbn asmp e`n-p-

hm Fpv?! Cu hmIy-n\v ae-bm-f-` m-jmssien-\p-k-cnv "Ah X-

fpsS dn- \np kamK- n-em-bn-cnpw' FmWv \mw hnh\w \In-

b-sX-n-epw, ]Z--fpsS Aw t\p-t\sc t\mp--]w "Ah X-fpsS

185

`mKw 1

dn-\n-p kmK-nt-emWv nXn-sN-p-Xv ' Fs{X ]d-tb--Xv.

Cu {]tbm-K-n-e-S-nb kqN\ Izp-B hymJym-Xm- Cs\ Nqn-m-

p-p: Chsc kw_-n-n-S-tmfw kmKw tIhew Hcp hml-\-hqw, Ah

AXns ]pd- n-cn-p khm-cn-m-cp-am-Ip-p. Fm hml-\-mpw Ah

Fn-t-tc-p Hcp ey-m\w Dm-bn-cn-p-Xv t]mse, Chp-apv

Hcp ey-m-\w. Ch-cpsS ey-am-Is, Am-lp-hns {]oXnbpw {]Xn-^-e-hp-

am-Ip-p. thsdmcp cq]-n ]d-bp--]-w, kmKw Ah-cn shp-sI-p-

Itbm ASn-tn-p-Itbm A sNbvXn-cn-p--Xv. Ah-cpsS cn-Xmhv Ahv

\n-bn- p-sIm-Sp B kmK-Po-hnXw Ah-cpsS CjvS- n\pw Cpw XnIpw

A\p-k-cn-p-sIm-m-Wp--Xv' CXmWmkqN-\.

Ah kmKn-em-Wv, kmKw Ah-cpsS Cpw A`n-em-j-n\pw

CW-n-b-Xp-am-Wv. icn, Fm AXp-sImv Ahv Fp t\-amWv e`n-p-

hm-\p-Xv? Amlp ]d-bpp: L A (A-hX-s-bmWv hnP-bn-I-

fpw) AsX, GXn\nsmw c Inp-hm Ah kqnp hn-cp-p-thm,

AXn \nsmw Ahv c e`n-p-p. GsXmw Imcy- knn--W-

sav Ahv B{K-l-ap-m-bn-cp-pthm AsXmw Ahv knn-p-Ibpw sNp-

p. ]c-n am{X-a-, Cl-nepw hnP-bn-I-fm-W-h. kpJZpxJ kn-{i-amb

Cu Pohn-X-n ktmj km] hyXym-k-an-msX, imn-tbmSpw kam-[m-\-

tmSpw IqSn \ne-sIm-p-hm Aht Ign-bq. Fn-epw, AX Ah-cpsS

eyw. ]c-temI hnP-bhpw Ghpw D]-cn-bmbn Am-lp-hns {]oXn-bp-am-W-h-

cpsS eyw. Npcp--n B ey-n Ahsc Am-lp Fnp sImSp-

p-p. Amlp ]d-bpp: "\n-fpsS {]Xn-^-e- \nd-th-n- -c-s -Sp-Xv

Iznbm-ap \mfn am{X-amIp-p. Atm, B \c-I- n\nv AI--s-Sp-I-

bpw. kzK- n {]th-in--s-Sp-Ibpw sNbvXpthm Ah ` mKyw {]m]n- p. Cl-

temI PohnXw Ir{Xn-a-ns D]-I-c-W-a-msX asm-p-a'.(-Bep Cwdm: 185)

"Am-lp-hn- \np-ap {]oXn-bm-I-s, Ghpw hep-Xp-am-Ip-p. AXp-X-s-

bmWv hn `mKyw'. (Xu_: 72).

Izp-Bs amK-Zi-\- ^ e-{]-Z-am-bn-o-cp ap-Izn-I-fmb kXy-hn-izm-

kn-I-fpsS KpW-fpw t\hpw hnh-cn tijw, kXy-\n-tj-[n-I-fmb Ahn-izm-kn-

I-sfbpw Ah-cpsS A\p- -`h-sbpw Ipdnv ]d-bpp:-

6 \nb-am-bpw, Ahn-iz-kn- n-ph, Ahsc \o XmnXvsNbvXp-thm, As-n AhscXmoXv sNbvXn-tbm (-c-m-bm-epw) Ah-cn ka-am-Ip-p. Ahhniz-kn-p--X-.

1111 2222 3333 $$$$ #### $$$$ (((( 3333 4444 #### ####

5555

186

`mKw 1

(I-^ -d) F {Inb-bpsS aqemw "ad- p-sh- p--A-Yhm aqSn-shp' Fm-Ip-p. Irjn-m-c hnp an-env aqSp-Xv sImv Ah Fv ]d-b-s-Spw. cm{Xn AXn Ccp-vsImv hkvXp-sf ad-p-sh-p--Xn-\m AXn-s\bpw "Im^n' Fv hnti-jn -n-mw. CXns [mXp-\m-a --fm -Wv. (Ip-^v, Ip^vdm, Ip^q) Fo ]Z-. Fnepw {]tbm-K-cw-Kv A]w hyXym-k- It-pw. DZm-l-c-W-ambn: Ahn-izmkwkXy\ntj[w Fo A--fn "Ip^v' F cq]hpw \n-tISv F A-n "Ip^vdm' F cq]-hp-amWv A[nIw D]-tbm-Kw. "Ip^q' F-Xm-I-s,c- nepw [mcmfw D]-tbm-Kn-pp (Cu-amk-Xy-hn-izm-kw)s hn]-co-X-ambn (Ip-^v) F hmpw (ap-Avan--k-Xy-hn-izm-kn)s hn]-co-X-ambn (Im-^n) F hmpw ]cs D]-tbm-Kn--s -Sp-p. AXp-t]mse (ipIv--\-n)-sbpw (im-In--\n sNp--h)-sbpw hn]-co-X-ambpwAh bYm-{Iaw D]-tbm-Kn--s-Spw. s [mXp-hn\n-p -`hn-p ap ]Z-cq-]--fnepw Cu chpw hcpw. Fmw k`wsImv a\-n-em-t--Xm-Ip-p.

(k-Xy-hn-izm-kn) Am--h-scmw (A-hn-izm-kn-)s C\-nDs-Sp-p. ]t, Fm "Im^n-dp-'Ifpw Htc Xc-m-c-. ey-fpw sXfn-hp-Ifpw Adn-p-sImv \ntj-[n-p--h-cpw, Adn-bmbva sImv \ntj-[n-p--h-cpw, [nm-chpw ]cn-lm-khpw sImv \ntj-[n-p--h-cpw, Ah-K-W-\tbm Nnm-iq-\y-Xtbm \nanw hniz-kn-m- -h-cp-samw "Im^n' Xs. Ahn-izm-k- nsImTn-\y-nepw emL-h-nepw hyXy-kvX-cm-bn-cn-p-sav am{Xw. Fm-Xcw"Im^ndp'Isfbpw Ds -Sp- p hms \ne-mWv \v "Ahn-izmkn' Fpw \v "Ahn-izmkw' Fpw \mw `mjm-cw \In-h-cp--Xv. Fm Hmtcm

7 Ah-cpsS lrZ-b--fsStaepw, Ah-cpsS tIhn-bpsStaepw Amlp ap{Z shn-cn -pp: Ah-cpsS ZrjvSn-I-fpsStaepw Dv, Hcp (X-cw) aqSn.Ahv hn in-bp-apv.

####

---- .... #### $$$$

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#### $$$$ ## ##$$$$ $$ $$ %%%% 66666 6 \n-b-ambpw bmsXmcp Iq Ah Ahn-iz-kn-p,

ka-amWv ^ Ah-cpsSta, Ah-cn n \o Ahsc XmnXv sNbvXp-thm, As-n A \o Ahsc XmnXv sNbvXntbm Ahhniz-kn-p-I-bn-. 7 p Amlp ap{Z -sh-p, N M Ah-cpsS lrZ-b--fn-t q r M Ah-cpsS tIhn-bpsS (Im-Xp-I-fpsS) taepw A MAh-cpsS ZrjvSn-I-fpsS (I-ns) taep-apv Hcp (X-cw) aqSn q Ahp-v-Xm\pw in s hn-.

187

`mKw 1

m\pw GXp-Xcw \ntj-[-ns ASn-m-\-n-emWv AhnsS AXv D]-tbm-

Kn-n-cn-p--sXv k`w t\mn a\-n-cpt--Xm-Wv.

bpw IzpB\pw {]t_m-[\w sNp XXz--fn hniz-kn-msXkXys aqSn-sh-p-I-bpw, ZrjvSm- -sf Ah-K-Wnp Xn--f-bp-Ibpw sNp

kXy-\n-tj-[n-I-fmb apivcn-p-I-fmWv ChnsS 6 (A-hn-iz-kn--h)sImp-t-iyw. Ahsc XmoXv sNp-Xpw sNm-Xn-cn-p-Xpw Hcpt]mse-bmWvAh hniz-kn-p-hm t]mIp-n---Fv Amlp \_n Xncp-ta-\nsbAdn-bn-p-p. AX sImtm, ZrjvSm---fpsS t]mcmbva sImtm D\ntj-[-am-sW-n, XmoXv sImpw D]-tZiw sImpw Ahv am\-km-cwht-p-sav {]Xo-n-p-hm-\-h-Im-i-ap-v. kXyw a\-n-em-bnv ]nsbpw In-p-Iqn AXns\ ad-bvp--hsc kw_-nv AsXmpw {]tbm-P-\-s-Sp-I-bn--tm. D]-tZ-i-v sNhn-sIm-Sp-p-I-bpw, ZrjvSm---fn Nnn-p-IbpwsNbvhm Xm-dn-m Fm Ahn-izm-kn-I-fp-sSbpw nXn CXp-X-s. \_nbpsS Ime-s B kXy-\n-tj-[n-I-sf- -n-bp Cu Adn-bn- n Xncp-ta-\nvHcp a\--am-[m\w \I IqSn AS-n-bn-cn-p-p. ImcWw, Ah hniz-kn-m-

-Xn \_n p DI-WvTbpw hyk-\hpw hfsc hn--Xm-bn-cpp.AIlv^ v: 6; ipA-dm-Dv: 3 - apX-emb e--fn CXn-s\-n Amlp {]kvXm-hnp ImWmw. B nXnv Ah hniz-kn-t-p-sav {]Xo-n-t--Xn---A-h hniz-kn-p-I-bn-sv Am-lp-hn\v Adn-bmw--F--dn-bp-tm, Ah-sc- n C\nhymIp-e-s-tS--Xn-s-pw, AXns D-c-hm-ZnXzw hln-t--Xn-spw \_nv kam-[m-\n-m-a-tm.

Ah hniz-kn-p-I-bn-s-p--Xns Imc-W-amWv N M p (A-mlpAh-cpsS lrZ-b-v ap{Z-sh- n-cn-pp...) F hN-\-n Nqn-m-p--Xv. p(JX-a)v "ap{Z-shp' FmWv hmw. CXns Hcp ]cym-b-amWv (Xz-_-A) F {Inbbpw. Chbpw, Ch-bp-sS -[m-Xp--fn\np ap cq]-fpwAe-mc cq]-n thsd A--fnepw D]-tbm-Kn--s-Sm-dp-v. Hcp ]m{X-n-t\m, As-n Hcp In-t\m, ap{Z-sh-m, ]no-S-Xn hXpw Iqn-tp-hm-t\m, AXn\nv hXpw Hgn-hm-p-hmt\m km[n-pIbn-tm. AYhm AtXm-Sp-IqSn AXn\v ` {Z-Xbpw Ana cq]hpw hp-I-gn-bp-p. AXp-sImv "`{Z-amn'Dd-n- p-shp Fpw, "Ah-km-\n-n-p;]qn-bmn' Fp-ap AfnAh D]-tbm-Kn-pI ]Xn-hm-Ip-p. (*) Ahn-izmknIfpsS lrZ-b-pw, tIhn-pw--A-Yhm ImXp-Ipw--ap-{Z-sh- p-shpw apw ]d-bp--Xns Ahpw CXp-X-s. AXm-b-Xv, \ntj-[hpw [nm-chpw sImv Ah-cpsS lrZ-b- \nd-n-cn-pp; F\n AXn-tev Xmo-Xp-I-tfm, D]-tZ-i--tfm, ZrjvSm--tfm Hpw{]th-in-p-I-bn; AXn-te-smpw Ah {i ]Xn-p-hm-t\m, sNhn-sIm-Sp-p-hm-t\m, Ip-a-\-n-em-p-hmt\m Xm-dm-Ip--X; Ah-cpsS {Kl-tW-{n-b-ac-hnp Ign-n-cn-pp Fv Xm]-cyw.

(*) Cn-s\-bp Ae-m-cm--fn "Ac-np, koshp' Fsms ae-bm-f-nepw ]d-bm-dp--tm.

188

`mKw 1

"JXa' F hmns ta kqNn-n A- hnh-cn-p-sImv CamwdmKn_v (d) At-l-ns Izp-B \nL-p-hn {]kvXm-hn Nne hnh-c---C-hnsS am{X-a---Izp-B-\n Xmsg ]e e--fn-epw, Nne \_n hN-\--fnepwCXp-t]mse hn-p Nne {]tbm-K--fpsS Xm]cyw a\-n-em-p-hm hfscD]-I-cn-p--Xm-Ip-p. B {]kvXm-h-\-bpsS kmcw Cns\ D-cnmw:--

"Atm N M p (A-mlp Ah-cpsS lrZ-b-v ap{Z-sh-p)Fpw, ( r p M ( ... (...-A-mlp \n-fpsStIhnbpw ImgvN-Ifpw FSpp If-bp-Ibpw \n-fpsS lrZ-b-v ap{Z-sh-p-Ibpw sNbvXm ... (6:46) Fp-sams ]d-Xv Amlp \S-m-nb Hcp]Xn-hn-te-p kqN-\-bm-Ip-p. AXm-b-Xv, a\p-jy \nc-amb hnizm-k-n-epw, \njn--amb {]hrn-I-fnepw At-bw Fp-I-bpw, bYm-n-te-pXncn-p-t\mw Cm-Xm-Ip-Ibpw sNp-tm, B A\p-k-c-W-tSpw sXp-Ip--fpw sNp-Xv \mbn tXmp-I-sb Hcp ioew AX-h-\n Dm-n- op-

I-bpw, Ahs lrZbw ap{Z-sh--s --Xp-t]mse Bbn- o-cp-Ibpw sNp-p. CXp-t]m-se- -s-bmWv A q r N M (A-h-cpsS lrZ-b-pwtIhnpw ImgvNIpw Amlp ap{Z-Ipn (16: 108) F hN-\-hpw,

(\mw lrZ-bs A{i--bn-em-n-b-h (18: 28) F-Xnse A{i--bn-em-epw, N M (A-h-cpsS lrZ-b-fn \mw Nne aqSn-IsfBn (6:25) F-Xnse aqSn CSepw, N (A-h-cpsS lrZ-b--sf \mw ISp--ap--Xmn (5: 14) F-Xnse ISp- -am--ep-samw Cu {]Im-c-n-ep Ae-mc {]tbm-K--fmWv '( ) Cu D-cWn icnv a\-n-cp-p-Xv ]e k -`-fnepw hfsc {]tbm-P-\-s-Sp--Xm-sWv {]tXyIw DWp-p.

Ccw {]tbm-K- Izp-B-\nepw lZo-Ynepw ImWp-tm a\-n-cp-t -p asmcp Imcyw-IqSn ChnsS Nqn-m-mw. a\-n-tev kXy-hn-izmkw {]th-in-m-Xn-cn----hw BZyta Amlp lrZ-b-v ap{Z-shp XS--ap-m-p-I-bw, Xaqew kXy-hn-izmkw Dsm-p-hm Ahv Ign-bmsX hcn-IbpwsNpI F Ahn-S--fn-sempw Dt-iyw. Ah-cpsS \ntj-[hpw [nm-c-kz-`m-hhpw apgp--tm, AtX Imc-W- m Amlp Ah-cpsS lrZ-b-v ap{Z-sh-p--A-Yhm AXn-tev hnizmkw ISp sNm Ah--bn-em-n--F-t-bp-q. Nne Izp-B hN-\--fn \np Xs CXv hy-ambn a\-n-em-mw.Ckvdm-Cu-ey Am-lp-hns im]-n\v ]m{X-am-Ip-hm-\p-mb Imc-W-FSpp ImWn-p Iq-n, "R-fpsS lrZ-b- Dd-bn-env aqSn-bn-cn-p-I-bmWv' (\n--fpsS Cu {]t_m-[-\--sfmpw AXn-tev IS-p-I-bn-) FpAh-cpsS {]kvXm -h -\sb D-cn -p -sImv Amlp ]d -bpp:

A ^ -v (]-t, Ah-cpsS Ahn-izmkw \nanw AXn-t

Amlp ap{Z-Ip-n-bn-cn-p-I-bm-Wv. (4: 155) Am-lp-hns ZrjvSm- --fnIpXw \S-p--Xn Am-lp-hn-\p hn Aaj-s -n {]kvXm-hn-p-

sImv Amlp ]d-bpp: M

- (A{]-Im-

189

`mKw 1

cw, Alw-`m-hn-Ifpw tkzm-ep--fpambh-cpsS lrZ-b--fnsemw Amlp ap{ZIpp--XmWv. (40 : 35).

Cu temI-p Hmtcm Imcy-npw km[m-c-W-amb Nne Imc-W-Amlp \n-bnp shn-p-v. B Imc-W- Hp-Iq-Sp-tm B Imcy-kw -`hn-p--Xmbn \mw ImWp-p. AY-hm, B k -`n Amlp AXvkw -`hn-n-p-p. Amlp kw -`hn-n-p--Xm-bXpsImm-Wtm Nne-tm \ap--dn-bm-hp Imc-W--sfmw Dm-bnv ]nsbpw Nne Imcy- kw -`hn-msXImWp--Xv. Cd-Xn\nv Amlp ap{Z-sh-p--A-Yhm ap{Z-sh--ensImhv Am-lp-hm-Wv--Fv ]d--Xns Xm]cyw {Kln-m-hp--Xm-Wv. BkXy-\n-tj-[n-I-tfmSv Am-lp-hn-\p ITn-\-amb shdp-vIqSn Cu {]tbm-K-nkqNn-n-p-p-v.

kqd-ns Bcw` hN-\--fn kXy-hn-izm-kn-Isfpdn-pw, A\-cw Cucp hN-\--fn apiv-cn-p-I-fmb Ahn-izm-kn-I-sf-p-dnpw {]kvXm-hn- -tijwXpSp GXm\pw hN-\--fn I]S hnizm-kn-I-sf- n {]kvXm-hn-p-p. apivcn-p-Iv ]pd-sa, aZo-\m-bn Ckvemans cv {]tXyI i{Xp--fm-Wtm I]-S-hn-izmkn ( ) Ifpw, thZ-m-cmb blq-Zn-I-fpw. AXp-sImv I]-S-hn-izm-kn-I-sf- n ChnsS Xmc-X-tay\ Ipd--[nIw kwkm-cn-n-cn-p-p. thZ-m-sc-p-dn-m-I-s, hfsc kq- Xs Cu kqd-n Amlq hn\n-tbm-Kn-n-cn-p-Xp ImWmw. I]-S-hn-izm-kn-I-sf-n Amlp ]d-bqp:-

hn`mKw 2

8 a\p-jy-cnepv Nne; Ah]dbpw: "R Am-lp-hnepwAy-Zn -\-nepw hniz-kn-n -cn-pp' Fv. Ah (hm-kvX-h-n) kXyhnizm-kn-I-f--Xm-\pw.

9 Ah Am-lp-hn-t\m-Spw,h n i z - k n - - h - t c m S p wh \{]hnp sImn-cn-p-p. (hm-kvX-h- n) Ah X-sf- -s-b-msX hn-p-n--Xm-\pw.Ah (A-Xv) Adn-bp-p-an-.

10 Ah-cpsS lrZ-b-fn-epvHcp (X-cw) tcmKw; Fnv AmlpAhv tcmKw hn- n-n-cn-p-I-bm-Wv. Ahv thZ-\-tb-dnb

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++ ++++ ++ ,, ,,

190

`mKw 1

in-bp -apv; Ah hymPw]dp sImn-cn-p-Xv \nan-w.

hmpw {]hrnbpw Xn-epw, cl-kyhpw ]c-kyhpw Xnepw s]mcp--t-Sp-m-Ip--XmWv Im]Syw ( ). hnizm-k--fnepw A\p-jvTm-\--fnepw DmhmwIm]-Syw. hnizm-k- nse Im]Sy-amWv Ghpw Kuc-h-s --Xv. Fm Xcw Im]-Sy-sf-p-dnpw Hmtcm k -`n-embn Izp-B-\n Amlp ]cm-ain- n-p-v.Ckvemans ASn-m\ hniz-mk-nXs apgp Im]Syw shp ]pen-sm-n-cp---D-n Ip v^dpw ]pdsa CkvemanI thjhpw kzoI-cn- n-cp--I-]-S-hn-izm-kn-I-sf-p-dn-mWv Cu kq--fn {]kvXm-hn-p--Xv.

aZ\o kqd- p-I-fn-emWv ap\m-^n-Izp-I-sf-]n ]cm-ai--fp--Xv. am-bnap\m-^n-Izp-I Cm-bn-cp-p. t\sc-a-dnv bYm-n kXy-hn-izmkw kzoI-cn-p-Ibpw, AtXm-Sp-IqSn Zueyw ImcWw AXv-aq-Sn-sh- p-sImv _mly-nAhn-izmkw {]I-Sn- n-p-Ibpw sNm \n_-n-X-cmb Nne-cmWv am-bn Dm-bn-cp--Xv. Imc-Ww, AhnsS {]Xm-]hpw inbpw apivcnpIm-bn-cp--tm.\_n aZo-\m-bn h-tm Hukv, JkvdPv Fo cv tKm{X-m-cm-bn-cppAhn-Ss Ad-_n-I. apv Ahcpw am- apivcnpI-sf-tmse hn{K-lm-cm-[-I--cm-bn-cp--psh-nepw \_n bpw kzlm-_n-Ifpw AhnsS Fpw -apv XsAhn-S-bn Ckveman\p {]Nmcw knnp XpS-n-bn-cp-p. \_n bpsS hc-thm-Sp-IqSn AXv IqSp-X hn-p-sIm-n-cn-p-Ibpw sNbvXp. aZo\m ]cn-k-c--fn-ep-m-bn-cp asmcp Iq blq-Zn-I-fm-bn-cpp. Ah-cpsS blqZ ]mc--cy-a-\p-k-cnp t]mcp--h-cm-bn-cpp Ah. blq-Zn-I aqp tKm{X-m-cm-bn-cp-p._\qssIz\p-Izm--Dv, _\q\Zzo, _\q-Izp-ssdfz: ( ). BZystKm{Xhpw Jkv-dPqw Xnepw, Ah-km-\s cp tKm{Xhpw Hukpw XnepwkJy-n-em-bn-cp-p. Ad-_n-I-fn\nv [mcmfw Bfp-I Ckvemans\ AwKo-I-

8 a\p-jy-cn-epv, ]d-bp Nne, ]d-bp--h R hniz-kn-n-cn-pp Am-lp-hn

Znh-k-nepw Ah-km-\s A Ah-c--Xm\pw hniz-kn--h, kXy-hn-izm-kn-I. 9 Ah h\ \S-p-p. Am-lp-hn-t\mSv 6 hniz-kn--h-tcmSpw Ah hn-p-n--Xm\pw q Ah-sc-s (X--fpsS kz--sf) AmsX |} Ah Adn-bp-p-an-. Ahv t_m[-ap-m-Ip-nXm\pw. 10 N Ah-cpsS lrZ-b--fn-epv Hcp tcmKw A Fnv Ahv hn-n-n-cn-p-p Amlp tcmKs

qAhp-v Xm\pw in s thZ-\-tb-dnb Ah-cm-bn-sm-n-cp--Xp\nan-w. Ah hymPw ]d-bpw.

** **---- $$$$ ## ##$$$$ ++ ++((((.... 2222 ++ ++ ,, ,,???? @@@@

191

`mKw 1

cn-p-sh-nepw blq-Zn-I-fn\nv A_vZp-m-ln_v\p kemapw (d) hfsc Npcpwt]cpw am{Xta Ckveman hn-p-q. Cm-e v aZo-\m-bn ap\m-^n-Izp-I-fp-

m-bn-cp-n-. `b-s-S- Hcp in Ap apkvenwIp e`np Ign-n-cp-n-. AXvsImv I]Sthj- ns Bhiyw Cm-bn-cp-p. \_nbmIs,blq-Z-cp-ambpw, ]cn-k-c-{]-tZ-i--fn-ep ]e Ad_o tKm{X--fpambpw kJyDS-Sn \S-p-Ibpw sNbvXn-cp-p.

JkvdPv tKm{X-m-c-\m-sW-nepw Huknepw Jkvd-Pnepw s]mXp t\XrXzw

ssIh Hcp t\Xm-hm-bn-cpp A_vZp-m-ln_v\p D_-n_v\n\p kpeq. A_vZp-msb Fm-h-cp-sSbpw cmPm-hmbn hmgn-p-hm Btem-N\ \Sp hcn-I-bm-bn-cp-p. Am-e-mWv Ckveman\p, ta {]kvXm-hn {]Im-c-ap kzm[o\w Dm-

bn-o-Xv. ]ecpw Ckveman-tev BIjn--s--tXmsS B Btem-N\aptmp t]mIm-Xm-bn. t\XrXztamln-bmb A_vZp-m-ln_v\p D_-nv CXp-aqew Ckveman-t\mSpw apkvenwI-tfmSpw shdp-p-f-hm-bn. kp{]-kn--amb _Zv

bpw Ign--tXmsS apkvenwI-fpsS bipw {]Xm-]hpw in-s -p-h-tm. Ckv

emans in ]qm-[nIw hn-p-sIm-n-cn-p-Xv I-tm, Ah\pwAhs kn_-n-Ifpw A\p-`m-hn-Ifpw {]Xy--n Ckvemans\ AwKo-I-cnv apkvenwI-fmbn A`n-\-bn-p. thZ-m-cns] Nnecpw Cq-n-ep-m-bn-cp-

p. ChnSw apXmWv "ap\m-^n-Izp'-I-fpsS XpS-w. {ItaW aZo-\m-bnepw,Npp-{]-tZ-i--fn-ep "AAv-dm_n' (a-cp-`q-hm-kn)In-S-bnepw Ch-cpsS Fw

h-np. a-bn \np lnPvdx h aplm-Pn-dp-I-fn Bcnepw "\n^mIzn' (Im-]-Sy- n)s tcmKw _m[n- n-n-. Ah-cmcpw ap--h-cpsS \n_-- n-t\m, kzm[o-\- nt\m hgn Ckvemans\ AwKo-I-cn--htcm, Amlp Am am-cp-sS-sbnepw {]oXn -p -thn kXy -hn -izmkw kzoI-cn - -htcm A-tm

) ( .A_vZp-m-ln_v\p D_-pw, Ahs Bmcpw bYm-n Ahn-izm-kn-

I Xs-bm-sW-n-epw, _mly-n CkvemwaXw kzoI-cnp apkvenwIfm-bn-cn-p-I-bm-W-tm. B n-Xnv Ah-cpsS _mlym-h ]cn-K-Wnp kXy-hn-izm-kn-I hn-X-cm-Ip-hm\pw, Hmm- p-dv Ahaqew ]e A\njvS kw -`h-fpwDm-bn-o-cp-hm\pw CShcpw. ZpjvS-m-sc-n injvSam-scv sXn--cn-p-Xv]e B]- p-Ipw hgn-sh-p-a-tm. BI-bm, ap\m-^n-Izp-Isf kw_nv

kXy-hn-izm-kn-I kZm PmK-cq-I-cm-bn-cn-t--Xpv. Cu hkvXpX kXyhnizm-kn-Isf Cu hN-\- aptJ\ Amlp DWp-p. hfsc Icp-X-temsS \nkqnp sImn-cn-t-p Hcp aqmw tNcn-bpw-IqSn Chn-sS-bp-s-pw, Ah-cpsS bYm nXn Cn--Xm-sWpw Adn-bn-p-Ibpw sNp-p.

\_nbpsSbpw kXy-hn-iz-mkn-I-fpsSbpw ASp- hcp-tm X kXy-hn-izmkw kzoI-cn apkvenwIfmsWv hmp-sImpw `mhwsImpw Ah {]I-Sn- nqw. hmkvX-h-n hnizmkw Ahsc Xon-bnpt]mep-an FmWv 8mwhN-\-ns Xm]cyw, kqd: ap\m-^n-Izq-\n CuIm-cyw Cns\ ]d-n-cn-p-

p. "(\_ntb) I]-S-hn-izm-kn-I \ns ASp- hcp-tm Ah ]dbpw: Xm

192

`mKw 1

Am-lp-hns dkq Xs-bm-sWv R kmyw hln-p-p-sh-v. Am-lp-hn-\-dnbmw \o Ahs dkq Xs-bm-sWv. \n-b-ambpw I]-S-hn-izm-kn-I Ifhp ]d-bp--h Xs-bm-sWv Amlp kmy-s-Sp-p-Ibpw sNp-p'. Xmsg 14mw hN\w t\mp-I.

Ah-cpsS Cu A`n-\-b-n ipm-m--fmb Nne kXy-hn-izm-kn-I Nne-tm I_-fn- n--s -t-pw. Fm kXy-hn-izm-kn-I s]mXpsh AXn hn-X-cm-hp-I-bn. Am-lp-hns\ hn-p-hm km[y-hp-a--tm. Fmepw X-fpsS Dp-In Bcpw Adn-bp-I-bn-s-m-W-h-cpsS [mc-W. Hcp ]t, Amlpt]mepw X-fpsS bYm nXn Adn-bp-I-bn-sv Ah [cn- p-h-im-bn-cn-mw.Ah-sc- n "\n-tfmSv Ah i]Yw sNp--Xp-t]mse ]p\-cp-m\ Znhkw AhAm-lp-hn-t\mSv i]Yw sNbvXp ]d-bpw' Fv 58 : 18 Amlp {]kvXm-hn-n-cn-p-Xv ImWmw. F\n, Am-lp-hn-s\-p-dnv B [mcW Ahn-sv hm

Xsbpw Am-lp-hns In-bmb kXyhnizm-kn-I-tfmSv \S- p h\ Am-lp-hn-t\mSpw \S-p h-\bm-W-tm. C{Xbpw \ny-amb Cu Im]Syw aqewsFln-I-amb Nne Xmm-enI t\- am{X-amW-h-cpsS eyw. ]t, Atbw hj-f-hpw A]-am-\-hp-am-bn-cnpw AXns ^ew. ]c-tem-I-n-em-IsITn-\-I-tTm-c-amb inbpw! Atm, Ah-cpsS h\ bYm-n _m[n-p-Xv Ahv Xs-b-msX amp-a-. CsXmpw B I]-S-mA-h-cpsShnUvVn- hpw t`mj- hpw Imc-W-am-bn--{K-ln-p-n-. AXn-\p kpt_m-[hpwAhn-.

Ah-cpsS lrZ-b--fn Hcp-Xcw tcmK-ap-sv ]d--Xns Xm]cyw ta]-d--Xn \nv a\-n-em-m-a-tm. Im]-Syhpw \ntj-[-hp-sams B tcmK- nse-W--f-s{X. Hmtcm Izp-B hN\w Ah-X-cn-p-tm-gpw, Hmtcm ZrjvSmwImWp-tmgpw Ah-cn-ep-m-Ip {]Xn-I-cWw AXp-X-s. Ans\ B tcmKwhn - psIm -n - c n - p -I -b m -W v .Amlp]d -bpp : - W - kmcw: "h kqdpw Ah-X-cn-n--s -m Ah-cn Nne(]-cn-lm-ky-am-bn) ]dbpw: \n-fn BmWv CXv hnizmkw hn-n- Xv Fv.Fm hniz-kn- -hv AXv hnizmkw hn-n-n-cn-p-p. Ah ktm-jw-sIm-p-Ibpw sNpw. lrZ-b-n tcmK-ap--h-cm-I-s, AX-h-cpsS avtfNvOXbn-eqsS avtfNvOX hn-n-p-Ibpw sNpw. Ah Ahnizmkn-I-fm-bn-smv ac-W-s-Sp-Ibpw sNpw'. (Xu_: 124, 125) Amlp Ahv tcmKw hn-npFv ]d--Xns Xm]cyw CXn\nv a\-n-em-mw.

11 Ah-tcm-Sv, "\n `qan-bn [\mn] \mi-ap-m--cpXv'Fp ]d-b-s -m--A-h ]dbpw:"\n-b-am-bpw, R \-bp-m-p--h am{X-amIp-p. Fv.

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