Amali 11 - Kawalan Perosak
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![Page 1: Amali 11 - Kawalan Perosak](https://reader036.fdocument.pub/reader036/viewer/2022081415/5571f86449795991698d5249/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Kawalan PerosakKawalan Perosak(Pest Control)(Pest Control)
“Jangan fikirkan yang sedap saja, kadang-kadang kita kena juga telan yang pahit sebab kadang-kadang yang pahit itu ubat sedangkan yang sedap itu racun”. – DR. HM TUAH ISKANDAR al-Haj
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Perosak?????Perosak?????Organisma2 yg mengakibat kerosakan @
mengganggu tanaman..Contohnya Serangga, Kulat, bakteria, Virus,
Rumpai, nematod dan lain2…Kerosakan akibat:
Serangga – 28%Penyakit (Kulat, Bakteria @ virus) – 27 %Nematod – 3 %Rumpai – 42 %
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Perosak…..Perosak…..
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Serangga
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Kulat….
Simptom kulapuk downy timun
Simptom karat putih kangkong.
Simptom karat palsu kacang botor (JPT)
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Bakteria…
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Virus….
vektorvektor
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Nematod…Nematod…
Root knot nematode
Perumah: Pisang
Dua nematod Pratylenchus sedang memasukki akar pokok jagung.
Nematod memasuki tisu akar.
2)
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Lain2…..
BinatanBinatangg
ManusiaManusia
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Kawalan perosakKawalan perosak 6 prinsip
1.1. Penyisihan (exclusion) Penyisihan (exclusion) – Kuarantin
2.2. Penghapusan (eradication) Penghapusan (eradication) - Musnahkan patogen
3.3. Perlindungan (protection) Perlindungan (protection) - Melindungi perumah daripada patogen
4.4. Keresistanan tumbuhan (resistance)Keresistanan tumbuhan (resistance) -Patogen gagal menyebabkan penyakit
5.5. Perawatan (therapy) - Perawatan (therapy) - Tanaman diberi rawatan.
6.6. Perelakan (avoidance) Perelakan (avoidance) - Persekitaran tidak sesuai untuk pertumbuhan patogen.
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Cara-Cara KawalanCara-Cara Kawalan1.1. PerundanganPerundangan - Undang-undang.
2.2. Cara kultura Cara kultura - Amalan pertanian.
3.3. Tanaman resistan Tanaman resistan – Tahan serangan penyakit.
4.4. Kawalan biologi Kawalan biologi - Kawalan populasi patogen oleh organisma lain.
5.5. Cara fizikal - Cara fizikal - Penghapusan atau pengurangan secara fizikal.
6.6. Kawalan kimia Kawalan kimia – Penggunaan bahan kimia untuk menghapus & menghalang.
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Jenis2 Racun di PasaranRacun2 Perosak (Pesticide):
Racun rumpai (Herbicide)
Racun serangga (Insecticide)
Racun kulat (Fungicide)
Racun nematod (Nematicide)
Racun tikus (Rodenticide)
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Contoh2 RacunRacun rumpai (Herbicide)
Daun tirus - Glyphosate Isopropylamine, Glyphosate Monoamonium, Sodium chlorate, Diuron.
Daun lebar – 2,4-D Dimethylamine, 2,4-D Isopropylamine, 2,4-D butyl ester.
Racun serangga (Insecticide) Cypermethrin, Befenthrin, Cadusafos, Deltamethrin,
Carbosulfan, Carbofuran, white oil, Acepphate, Imdacloprid.
Racun kulat (Fungicide)
Thiram, thiophanate methyl.
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Contoh2 Racunrumpai daun lebar
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Contoh2 RacunRumpai Daun Tirus
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Contoh2 RacunSerangga
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2 Jenis Tindakan RacunSentuhSentuh – – tidak tahan lama(< 10 hari ), hanya menghapus.
Rumpai – racun diserap hanya pada bahagian yg disembur sahaja. Bahagian yg terkena semburan sahaja akan mati.
Serangga – Hanya serangga yg terkena semburan @ makan bahagian tumbuhan yg disembur sahaja yg mati.
Kulat – Yg terkena semburan sahaja yg mati.
Sistemik – Sistemik – Tahan lama (±14 hari), boleh mencegah.Rumpai – Racun diserap dan di pindahkan kesluruh
bahagian tunbuhan. Mati secara menyeluruh walaupun sebahagian sahaja terkena semburan.
Serangga – Serangga yg terkena semburan @ makan mana2 bahagian tumbuhan yg disembur akan mati.
Kulat – Mencegah pertumbuhan dan membunuh walaupan bahagian lain yang disembur.
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Cara Sentuh
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Cara Sistemik
Translocative
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Penyembur
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Langkah2 KeselamatanPakaian
Melindungi seluruh tubuh, terutama mulut, mata, hidung & lain2
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Langkah2 KeselamatanTeknik semburan
Jangan sembur melawan anginSebaik-baiknya sembur secara mengudur.Pada masa yg sesuai, sebaiknya pada waktu
pagi. Jangan sembur sekiranya hujan akan turun
dalam masa terdekat. Jangan menghala semburan ke arah orang lain.Rendahkan semburan.
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Langkah2 KeselamatanPantang larang:
Jangan makan, minum & merokok semasa meracun.Jangan bergurau.Jangan hidu racun.Jangan minum racun.Jangan sembur @ tuang racun ke dalam tali air @
sungai.Jangan guna racun pada kadar yg terlalu tinggi.Sembur selewat-lewatnya 2 minggu sebelum menuai.Jangan guna racun yg tiada kelulusan.
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Penggunaan Racun
Label:1. Jenama2. Pengeluar3. Bahan aktif4. Ketoksidan5. Jenis larutan/Serbuk6. Perosak sasaran7. Kandungan8. Kadar penggunaan
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Kadar penggunaan
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PegiraanCth:
kadar yg diberi; sehektar memerlukan 300 Liter Semburan (racun + air). Dan untuk 300L semburan memerlukan 5 liter racun. Maka untuk 10 liter semburan berapa yg diperlukan???
α = 5 L
10 L 300 L α = 5L 10 L
300L = 0.166 L @ 166 ml0.166 L @ 166 ml
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Pegiraan(Sambungan)Sekiranya memerlukan hanya 2 liter semburan
dari kadar tadi??
α = 166 ml 2ml 10 ml
α = 166 ml x 210ml
= 33.2 ml
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“Tak mampu buat semua jangan tinggal semua” – DR. HM TUAH ISKANDAR al-Haj