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AASGON advocates for Change at the UN

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Health & Education Economy & Finance Academic Exchange Heritage & Diversity Fashiom & Creative Arts Participatory Governance Civil Liberties Sports, Travel & Tours Career & Scholarship Social Networking

China Balance of Trade 2MDGs and Action for the Disabled 5UNThe Future We ALL Deserve 7US-China Cold War 10Better Start in Labour Market 11Participatory Governance 13Japan to Broadcast 4K Program 14

A F R I C A A S I A S C H O L A R S

G L O B A L N E T W O R K

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Autumn 2013

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Boosting efforts to tackleglobal economic, socialand environmental chal-lenges the UN General

Assembly has establisheda new High-level PoliticalForum, to replace theUnited Nations Commis-sion on SustainableDevelopment (UNCSD).

Recognising the need for an improvedand more effective institutionalframework that will effectively guidesustainable development towards 'thefuture we want', the General Assem-bly should be commended foracknowledging its shortcomings, andboldly making reforms action for

change in meeting set agenda for

post MDGs through its replacement ofthe UNCSD which was established inDecember 1992 to ensure effectivefollow up of the Earth Summit.

We are simply not doing enough tomeet the fundamental challenges ofour time: to end extreme poverty inthis generation and significantlynarrow the global gap between richand poor, without inflicting irrepara-

ble damage to the environmentalbasis for our survival, said General

Assembly President Vuk Jeremi in his

review of progress made over the last

13 years.

Describing the Forum,a major step forwardin implementing 'TheFuture We Want',

the UN Secretary-General Ban Ki-mooncalls on all Countriesto do their utmost to

realize the Forum's potential.

In his remark on the newly establishedUN High level Political Forum on SDGs,Abdul Dewale Mohammed the Foun-

der and Executive President of theAfrica Asia Scholars Global Network(AASGON) reiterated that The step

taken by the General Assembly willinvigorate action towards the processof learning from some of the misrep-resentations and inactions of the pastdecade. The Forum he agrees must

be more than just a meeting place itmust be the place where government,the corporate and civil society gener-ate the momentum for change.

He however cautioned that thechange of the Commission on Sustain-able Development should not merelybe a replacement of a old wine in a

new bottle but a forum that is ener-gised in line with the challenges of the21st century thus igniting the spirit ofRio+20 . Continued on page 4

ACCSEP 14

Mandelathe China Connection 19Nigerias Space Mission 20Fashion 2013 23Aliko Donates N10 Billion 25Youth Unemployment 28Camerons 1 Million Prize 30AASGON Promote University Polo 32

NEPAD May Fail 36

Aid for Trade InitiativeAid for Trade flows result in lower trade costs and improvedtrade performance. OECD-WTO analysis shows that $1 in Aid forTrade funding increases exports from richer developing countriesby $8, and by as much as $20 from the poorest countries.

The impact of Aid for Trade funding is even higher for exports of parts

and components, underscoring the benefits value chains offer to

developing countries. To take full advantage of the development opportunities afforded

by trade, the report suggests that future aid for trade flows be directed at programmes

to improve trade-related infrastructure and improve the business environment. Donors

and developing countries should also put in place frameworks for results-based man-

agement of aid for trade programmes, based on a menu of trade-related targets, as

well as indicators to measure performance.

Mandela and theChina connection

It's the spirit of the times,China has not been leftbehind in the globalMandela adoration. OnJuly 18, for instance, Chi-nese author Li Yong, whohas written a book aboutMandela, spoke glowinglyat a charity event hostedby the South Africanembassy in Beijing.

In the words of Li Yong"Mandela is the greatestperson alive on thisplanet."

For more on Bob Wekesas

report go to page19

In this Issue:


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Social Investment

and Philanthropy

CHINA

Page 2

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China recorded a trade surplus of 178.18 USDHundred Million in July of 2013. Balance ofTrade in China is reported by the GeneralAdministration of Customs. China Balance ofTrade averaged 54.54 USD Hundred Millionfrom 1983 until 2013, reaching an all timehigh of 404 USD Hundred Million in Novem-ber of 2008 and a record low of -319.81 USDHundred Million in February of 2012.

Since 1995 China has been recording consis-tent trade surpluses. From 2004 to 2009Chinas annual trade surplus has increased

10 times. Yet, as the global demand is slow-ing down and import of commodities for vastinfrastructure projects and consumer goodsis growing, there has been a significant de-

cline in trade surplus.

In the last few years, the biggest trade sur-pluses were recorded with the United States,Netherlands, United Kingdom, Vietnam andSingapore. The biggest trade deficits wererecorded with Taiwan, South Korea, Australia,Germany, South Africa, Japan and Brazil.

The new Chinese loan of $1.5 billion toNigeria brings to a total of nearly $15 billionChinas investments and loans to the country.

The bi-lateral trade relation between the two

countries has advanced over the years.

With Nigerias imports from China accounting

for over a third of its total trade in WestAfrica, the country is potentially earmarkedas the largest market for Chinas trade in

Africa.

However there is a chronic and growing tradeimbalance between the two countries infavour of China. Nigeria can reduce the vasttrade imbalance by increasing its non-oilexports to China, whose exports to Nigeriaare currently estimated at $3 billion, whileNigerias exports stand at $1 billion.

In order to change the world for the better, itis not enough to simply give money and hopethat things change. Innovation, effectivecollaboration, careful stewardship andaccountability are key to delivering effectivechange through social investment.

Like strategic commercial investment, suc-cessful philanthropy and social investmentalso require skills, information, and strate-gies. These can be learned. By encouraging aplanned, strategic and businesslike approach

to private and corporate giving, the field ofphilanthropy and social investment offerscareer opportunities and the fulfilment thatcomes with making a difference.

According to Swinburne University of Tech-

nology, Australia, a national leader in educa-tion and research in relation to philanthropy,strong commitment to transformative educa-

tion that can unlock potentials and demon-strate social change is vital

In a statement by the Centre for Social Impact

(CSI) In global philanthropy today we are

seeing the emergence of a generation of

philanthropists who value impact and effec-

tiveness over intentions.

These philanthropists

are beginning to

demand rigorous

evidence bases to

underpin their invest-

ment allocation deci-

sions. And in doing

so, they confront the

problem of the gap

between the theory

of social impact measurement and the enor-

mous practical difficulties in measuring social

value in the real world setting.

President Obamahas named 16 recipientsof

the Presidential Medal ofFreedom. President Bill

Clinton and Oprah Winfrey

are among the brightest

stars.

This year marks the 50thanniversary of the highestcivilian honour in the US.

Thinkingforward

Science, technology and innova-tion are changing the world, andin many ways Swinburne ishelping shape the future .Visit http://www.thinkforward.com.au/

Chinas trade imbalance with Africa Soars

US Highest Honour..

UN Global Compact

gear up for action......Following series of related discussions with theUN on Post MDGs, representatives of GlobalCompact LEAD Multinational Corporations haveproposed Ten Sustainable Development Goals:

1. End poverty and increase prosperity viainclusive economic growth

2. Quality Education For All3. Achieve womens and girls empower-

ment4. Universal Health Coverage5. Good Nutrition for All through Sustain-

able Food and Agricultural Systems

6. Water and Sanitation for All7. Sustainable Energy for All8. Build Peaceful an stable societies9. Modernise infrastructure and technology
http://www.whitehouse.gov/the-press-office/2013/08/08/president-obama-names-presidential-medal-freedom-recipientshttp://www.whitehouse.gov/the-press-office/2013/08/08/president-obama-names-presidential-medal-freedom-recipientshttp://www.whitehouse.gov/the-press-office/2013/08/08/president-obama-names-presidential-medal-freedom-recipientshttp://www.thinkforward.com.au/http://www.thinkforward.com.au/http://www.thinkforward.com.au/http://www.thinkforward.com.au/http://www.thinkforward.com.au/http://www.thinkforward.com.au/http://www.thinkforward.com.au/http://www.thinkforward.com.au/http://www.whitehouse.gov/the-press-office/2013/08/08/president-obama-names-presidential-medal-freedom-recipients


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A social network is a social structure made up of a set of social actors(such as individuals or organizations) and a complex set of the dyadic ties

between these actors. The social network perspective provides a clear

way of analyzing the structure of whole social entities. The study of

these structures uses social network analysis to identify local and global

patterns, locate influential entities, and examine network dynamics.

Social networks and the analysis of them is an inher-ently interdisciplinary academic field which emerged from social psy-chology,sociology,statistics, and graph theory. Georg Simmel authoredearly structural theories in sociology emphasizing the dynamics of triads

and web of group affiliations. Jacob Moreno is credited with developingthe first sociograms in the 1930s to study interpersonal relationships.These approaches were mathematically formalized in the 1950s andtheories and methods of social networks became pervasive in the socialand behavioural sciences by the 1980s. Social network analysis is nowone of the major paradigms in contemporary sociology, and is also em-ployed in a number of other social and formal sciences.Together with other complex networks, it forms part of the nascent fieldofnetwork science.

Overview

A social network is a theoretical construct useful in the social sciences tostudy relationships between individuals, groups, organizations, or evenentire societies (social units, see differentiation). The term is used todescribe a social structure determined by such interactions. The tiesthrough which any given social unit connects represent the convergenceof the various social contacts of that unit. This theoretical approach isnecessarily relational.

An axiom of the social network approach to understanding social inter-action is that social phenomena should be primarily conceived and inves-tigated through the properties of relations between and within units,instead of the properties of these units themselves. Thus, one commoncriticism of social network theory is that individual agency is oftenignoredalthough this may not be the case in practice.

Precisely because many different types of relations, singular or in combi-nation, form these network configurations, network analytics are usefulto a broad range of research enterprises. In social science, these fields ofstudy include, but are not limited to anthropology, biology, communica-tion studies,economics, geography, information science, organizationalstudies,social psychology, sociology, and sociolinguistics.

Courtesy wikipedia.org/wiki/Social net-Page 3

Social

Network

History

In the late 1800s, both mile Durkheim and Ferdinand

Tnnies foreshadowed the idea of social networks in their

theories and research ofsocial groups. Tnnies argued that social

groups can exist as personal and direct social ties that either link

individuals who share values and belief (Gemeinschaft, German,

commonly translated as "community") or impersonal, formal, and

instrumental social links (Gesellschaft, German, commonly trans-

lated as "society").

Durkheim gave a non-individualistic explanation of social facts,arguing that social phenomena arise when interacting individualsconstitute a reality that can no longer be accounted for in termsof the properties of individual actors. Georg Simmel, writing at theturn of the twentieth century, pointed to the nature of networksand the effect of network size on interaction and examined thelikelihood of interaction in loosely-knit networks rather thangroups.

Major developments in the field can be seen in the 1930s byseveral groups in psychology, anthropology, and mathematicsworking independently. In psychology, in the 1930s, Jacob L.Moreno began systematic recording and analysis of social interac-

tion in small groups, especially classrooms and work groups.Inanthropology, the foundation for social network theory is thetheoretical and ethnographic work of Bronislaw Malinowski,Alfred Radcliffe-Brown, and Claude Lvi-Strauss.

A group of social anthropologists associated with Max Gluck-man and the Manchester School, including John A. Barnes, J.Clyde Mitchell and Elizabeth Bott Spillius, often are credited withperforming some of the first fieldwork from which network analy-ses were performed, investigating community networks in south-ern Africa, India and the United Kingdom. Concomitantly, Britishanthropologist S.F. Nadel codified a theory of social structure thatwas influential in later network analysis. In sociology, the early(1930s) work of Talcott Parsons set the stage for taking arelational approach to understanding social structure. Later,drawing upon Parsons' theory, the work of sociologist PeterBlau provides a strong impetus for analyzing the relational ties ofsocial units with his work on social exchange theory.

By the 1970s, a growing number of scholars worked to combine

the different tracks and traditions. One group consisted of soci-

ologist Harrison White and his students at the Harvard University

Department of Social Relations. Also independently active in the

Harvard Social Relations department at the time were Charles

Tilly, who focused on networks in political and community sociol-

ogy and social movements, and Stanley Milgram, who developed

the "six degrees of separation" thesis. Mark Granovetter

and Barry Wellman are among the former students of White who

elaborated and championed the analysis of social networks.

You cant track what you dontmeasure, and what you dontmeasure rarely gets done.

Simply if you cant measure it,obviously you cant manage it!

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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_network_analysishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interdisciplinarityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_psychologyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sociologyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statisticshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacob_Morenohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sociogramhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Complex_networkhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Network_sciencehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Societyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_unithttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Differentiation_(sociology)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_structurehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Axiomhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_interactionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Communication_studieshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economicshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organizational_studieshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_psychologyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_networkhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferdinand_T%C3%B6nnieshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_grouphttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gemeinschafthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gemeinschafthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Communityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gesellschafthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gesellschafthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Societyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacob_L._Morenohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anthropologyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethnographyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radcliffe-Brownhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Max_Gluckmanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manchester_school_(anthropology)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/J._Clyde_Mitchellhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elizabeth_Bott_Spilliushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talcott_Parsonshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter_Blauhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harrison_Whitehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harvard_Department_of_Social_Relationshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stanley_Milgramhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mark_Granovetterhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mark_Granovetterhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barry_Wellmanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barry_Wellmanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mark_Granovetterhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stanley_Milgramhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harvard_Department_of_Social_Relationshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harrison_Whitehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter_Blauhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talcott_Parsonshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elizabeth_Bott_Spilliushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/J._Clyde_Mitchellhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manchester_school_(anthropology)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Max_Gluckmanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manchester_school_(anthropology)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Max_Gluckmanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radcliffe-Brownhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethnographyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anthropologyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacob_L._Morenohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Societyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gesellschafthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Communityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gemeinschafthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_grouphttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferdinand_T%C3%B6nnieshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_networkhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organizational_studieshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_psychologyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organizational_studieshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_psychologyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organizational_studieshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_psychologyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organizational_studieshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economicshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Communication_studieshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economicshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Communication_studieshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economicshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Communication_studieshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_interactionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Axiomhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_structurehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Differentiation_(sociology)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_unithttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Societyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Network_sciencehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Complex_networkhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sociogramhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacob_Morenohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_psychologyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sociologyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_psychologyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sociologyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_psychologyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statisticshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sociologyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_psychologyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interdisciplinarityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_network_analysis


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From cover page

As part of stimulating structure forSDGs, the UN by decision of the General Assembly went on in January 2013to inaugurate a 30-member Open Working Group (OWG). Mandated by theRio+20 Outcome document, OWG is to prepare a proposal on SDGs forconsideration by the Assembly at its 68th session (Sept. 2013 Sept. 2014).

The first session of OWG on SDGs was convened in March with AmbassadorsCsaba Krsi of Hungary and Macharia Kamau of Kenya appointed asCo-Chair. Recalling the Rio outcome, the President of the 67th session of theGeneral Assembly, Vuk Jeremi, in welcoming the Group highlighted the

agreed criteria for SDGs, and said that the OWG should aim to establish newforms of engagement to ensure that a balanced and coherent proposal

could be submitted to the 68th session of the General Assembly.

In support of Vuk Jeremics appeal some members of the OWG acknowl-

edged that current models for development are unsustainable and that the

SDGs must represent a new development agenda that respects the physicalconstraints of the planet and can also lift the poorest people out of poverty.

In Abdul Dewale Mohammeds judgement, to uncompromisingly avoid theinactions of the past decades, the UN and its member states need to besteadfast than ever before and urgently step up their acts and be exception-ally proactive in addressing the 8thof the MDGs (agenda) Develop a GlobalPartnership for Development. Governments across board, he emphasised

need to adopt a partnership that enables, a transformative people -centredand planet-sensitive development agenda realizable through the equal and

transparent partnership of all stakeholders is effected.

In mobilizing the UN system to support global, regional and national strate-gies to effectively address the building blocks of sustainable development,certainly changes is imminent within the UN and model of governance, if wethe world is to concretely address the problem of poverty and inequality.

Therefore In line with UNs determination, to ensure post MDGs are

sufficiently attained and to avoid past mistakes and carry along other keystakeholders, the inadequacies of the defunct UNCDS which led to memberstates resolve at the Rio+20, to establish the high level political forum as areplacement for UNCDS followed with the installation of the 30-member Open Working Group (OWG), should be widely shared among the

civil society, which obviously as key partners, need not only to know therationale and kept informed of other institutional changes to be effectedwithin the UN cadre, but brought along to complement the work of the UN.

ITU of Japan CelebrateWTISD 2013

May 17 marks the anniversary of the signing of the first

International Telegraph Convention and the creation of theInternational Telecommunication Union.

With over 260 participants in attendance the ITU Associationof Japan (ITU-AJ) recently celebrated the World Telecommu-nication and Information Society Day (WTISD) in Tokyo,Japan. Awards were presented to prominent figures in thefields of standardization and international cooperation.

At each years celebration, the ITU-AJ holds an award cere-mony to recognize those who have furthered the aims ofWTISD by helping to raise awareness of the possibilities thatthe use of the information and communication technologies(ICT) can bring to societies and economies, and by finding

ways to bridge the digital divide.Yasuo Suzuki, Presidentof ITUAJ remarkedthat ICT is an indispen-

sable means of copingwith matters that havebecome global concernssuch as global warming ,cyber security andjuvenile protection

The most honourable2013 Ministers Award

was presented to Mr. Seiichi Tsugawa, the current chairmanof ITU-T SG3, for his outstanding contributions to the ITUand Japans ICT industry during his career of over 30 years in

this field.

This year, the ITU-AJ introduced a new award called theSpecial Achievement Award, which was presented to Dr.

Toshio Watanabe, chancellor of Takushoku University, forhis distinguished achievements as a leading economist in thefield of development economics.

Founded with the aim of facilitating peaceful relations,

international cooperation among peoples and economic andsocial development by means of efficient telecommunica-

tion services, the International Telecommunication Union, aspecialised agency of the United Nations since 1932, standsas the worlds oldest international organisation.

We need to invest more in ourpeople, our scholars and students.That is why AASGONs work is sostrategic and vital in our endeavour toovercome the massive difficulties thatconfront our continents- Ambassador Yuri Thamrin

Director General

Africa Asia Pacific Affairs Republic of Indonesia

UN to Make

Further Changes...


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MDGs and Action for the Disabled

While the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) represent a concerted effort to address global poverty, thereis a striking gap in the current MDGs and their inclusion of persons with disabilities. The estimated 1 billionpeople worldwide who live with disabilities are still excluded from equitable access to resources such aseducation, employment, healthcare and social and legal support systems. As a result persons with disabilitiesexperience disproportionately high rates of poverty and inequality.

With the adoption of the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities in 2006, some progress hasbeen made in improving the situation of persons with disabilities. However, in spite of such gains, disabilityremains largely invisible in most mainstream development processes, including the MDGs. Greater efforts areneeded to ensure that development processes include persons with disabilities to help realize the overallobjective of the full and equal participation of persons with disabilities in our diverse society.

In 2011, the General Assembly decided to convene a one-day high-level meeting of the General Assembly ondisability (HLMD) at the level of Heads of State and Government on 23 September 2013, the Monday before thestart of the general debate of the sixty-eighth session. Under the theme: The way forward: a disabilityinclusive development agenda towards 2015 and beyond, the HLMD will comprise of a plenary meeting andtwo consecutive informal interactive round tables. The outcome is expected to boost the inclusion of peoplewith disabilities in governance and policy implementation in the UN Sustainable Development Agenda.Page 5

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Sustainable Development

In 1987, the United Nations released the BrundtlandReport, which included what is now one of the mostwidely recognised definitions: "Sustainable develop-ment is development that meets the needs of thepresent without compromising the ability of futuregenerations to meet their own needs."

According to the same report, there are two keyconcepts: the concept of 'needs', in particular theessential needs of the world's poor, to which

overriding priorityshould be given;and the idea ofl i m i t a t i o n simposed by thestate of technol-ogy and social

organization onthe environ-ment's ability tomeet presentand future needs

However the field of sustainable developmentcan be conceptually divided into four general

dimensions: social, economic, environmental

and institutional. The first three dimensions

address key principles of sustainability, while

the final dimension addresses key institutional

policy and capacity issues.

Sustainable devel-opment refers to amode of humandevelopment inwhich resource useaims to meethuman needs whilee n s u r i n g t h esustainability of natural systems and the environment,so that these needs can be met not only in thepresent, but also for generations to come.

More recently, it has beensuggested that a moreconsistent analytical breakdownis to distinguish four domains ofeconomic, ecological, politicaland cultural sustainability. Thisis consistent with the UCLGmove to make 'culture' the fourth domain of sustainability.

Sustainable development ties together concern for the carrying capacity of naturalsystems with the social challenges faced by humanity. As early as the 1970s,"sustainability" was employed to describe an economy "in equilibrium with basic ecologi-cal support systems. "]Ecologists have pointed to The Limits to Growth and presentedthe alternative of a "steady state economy" in order to address environmental concerns.

Wangari Muta Maathai Memorial(1 April 1940 25 Sept. 2011)

For her contribution to sustainable development,democracy and peace Wangari Muta Maathai in2004 became the first African woman to receivethe Nobel Peace Prize. A Kenyan environmentaland political activist, Maathai was educated in the

United States at Mount St. Scholastica andthe University of Pittsburgh, as well as the Universityof Nairobi in Kenya.

In the 1970s, she founded the Green Belt Movement,an environmental non-governmental organizationfocused on the planting of trees, environmentalconservation, and women's rights. In 1986, she wasawarded the Right Livelihood Award.

Elected member of Parliament served as assistant minister or Environment and NaturalResources in the government of President Mwai Kibaki between January 2003 andNovember 2005. An Honorary Councillor of the World Future Council, in 2011, Maathaidied of complications from ovarian cancer.

"development that meetsthe needs of the present

without compromising theability of future

generations to meet theirown needs."
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Nationshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brundtland_Reporthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_development_(humanity)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_development_(humanity)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Resourcehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Environment_(biophysical)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carrying_capacityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Systems_ecologyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Systems_ecologyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sustainable_development#cite_note-3http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sustainable_development#cite_note-3http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Limits_to_Growthhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Limits_to_Growthhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Limits_to_Growthhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steady_state_economyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sustainable_developmenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nobel_Peace_Prizehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Political_activisthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mount_St._Scholasticahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Pittsburghhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Nairobihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Green_Belt_Movementhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Environmental_conservationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Women%27s_rightshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Right_Livelihood_Awardhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Assembly_of_Kenyahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natural_resourcehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natural_resourcehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Assembly_of_Kenyahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Right_Livelihood_Awardhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Women%27s_rightshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Environmental_conservationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Green_Belt_Movementhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Nairobihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Pittsburghhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mount_St._Scholasticahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Political_activisthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nobel_Peace_Prizehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sustainable_developmenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steady_state_economyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Limits_to_Growthhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sustainable_development#cite_note-3http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Systems_ecologyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Systems_ecologyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carrying_capacityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Environment_(biophysical)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Resourcehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_development_(humanity)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_development_(humanity)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brundtland_Reporthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Nations


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UN High-level Political Forum

Embraces the Future We All Deserve

The Millennium Development Goals (MDG) constitutes an ambitiousagenda to significantly improve human lives and their environment.The goals set clear targets for reducing poverty, hunger, disease,illiteracy, environmental degradation, and discrimination againstwomen and children.

In light of weak and often falteringmacroeconomic performance, vulnerabil-ity to negative climatic shocks, fertilityrates and population growth thatoutpace those of other regions, and adevastating combination of poverty,continued civil conflict, and the effects ofHIV/AIDS, realizing the eight Millennium

Development Goals - Eradicate extreme povertyand hunger; Achieve universal primary education; Promote genderequality and empower women; Reduce child mortality; Improvematernal health; Combat HIV/AIDS, malaria and other diseases;Ensure environmental sustainability; Develop a global partnership fordevelopment - has been a particularly challenging task inSub-Saharan Africa, in Asia and the Pacific.

Though not quite significant, over the years in association with theinternational community, there has been progress in Asia, the Pacificand some parts of Africa in implementing the continentsdevelopment plans.

However progress in implementing sustainable development hasbeen extremely disappointing since the 1992 Earth Summit, withpoverty deepening and environmental degradation worsening in thedeveloping countries. By any account the 2002 Johannesburg Summitdid not provide clear cut solutions to aid the fight against poverty.

Reaffirming its role in global governance, the shortfalls supposedlyled to the decision in last years outcome document of the UN

Conference on Sustainable Development (Rio+20) of the UN GeneralAssembly to scrap the UN Commission on Sustainable Development(UNCSD) established 21 years ago, and replace it with a High LevelPolitical Forum on Sustainable Development.

Providing political leadership, guidance and action-oriented

recommendations the Forum is expected to meet urgent globaleconomic, social and environmental challenges through reviews ofprogress in the implementation of related commitments and enhanceintegration of the three dimensions of sustainable development economic, social and environmental.

Emphasising the need for an improved and

more effective institutional framework the

General Assembly decided that the High-

Level Political Forum (HLPF) should

provide a dynamic platform for regular

dialogue and for stocktaking and agenda-setting to advance that process.

In line with the Assembly resolution, the Forum is scheduled toconvene annually at the ministerial levelunder the auspices of the UN Economicand Social Council (ECOSOC) and it will,every four years, bring together headsof State to provide added momentumfor sustainable development. Its firstmeeting comes up in September, duringthe Assembly's forthcoming 68th ses-sion.

Expectantly the concerns of many and that of Vuk Jeremi, the 67 thGeneral Assembly President and that of the Sirleaf, Yudhoyono andCameron joint Bali Declaration, calling for more decisive action,global partnership and people centred policies in meeting thefundamental challenges of our time, will guide the spirit of the 68thGeneral Assembly and that of the UN High-level Political Forum(HLPF) and the Open Working Group (OWG).

About to set another agenda as the MDGs timeline comes to an endin 2015, the UN should in ensuring sustainable development beyondMDG, put in place apposite apparatus that will effectively motivatecommitted, transparent and far reaching partnerships.

Critical as it may possibly be the 8th

of the MDGs Develop a GlobalPartnership for Development is considered as the most essential tool

for sustainable development post MDGS and therefore requires amore desired and renewed vigour by all proponents of development,particularly members ofthe HLPF and the OWGwho are to display exem-plary leadership.

In a shift to infuse corpo-rate models that link long-term business interestswith social and environ-mental well-being, BanKi-moons decision to incorporate the capabilities of private sectorsinnovation and investment through coherent multi-sector collabora-tion brings a great relieve and in the interest of the well-being ofpresent and future generations, Sustainable Development

Goals (SDGs) should be accorded the full commitment it deserves.

Page 7

akada

"In the 20 years since the first Rio Earth Summit, the world has largely failed to address

some of the most serious environmental and social problems pressing in on us"

"We can't afford business as usual. We need to engage the academic and scientific com-

munity, and tap into worldwide technological know-how in the private sector and civil

society, in order to develop and implement practical solutions"

- Professor Jeffrey D. Sachs head of SDSN and Special Advisor to the

UN Secretary-General on global anti-poverty target and Director at

Columbia Universitys Earth Institute.

With business leaders willing tosupport global priorities in linewith the UN Post-2015 Agenda,outcome of the General Assemblyplenary in late September shouldset the foundation for the mostneeded change that will bringabout The World We ALL Deserve


8/36

Advocates for International Development empowers

lawyers to use their skills to fight world poverty.

Through its pro bono broker and legal education

services it helps the legal sector to meet its globalcorporate social responsibility to bring about world development.

A4ID is a global charity that believes the law can, and should, be used

more effectively to eradicate global poverty. Around the world,

development organisations work tirelessly to improve access to

basic services for the poorest people and empower

local communities to tackle poverty.

However very often lack of access to legal expertisereduces the impact of these organisations and inmany instances the law itself can act as a barrier to

sustainable international developmentA4ID worksat ensuring that legal support is available for allthose involved in the fight against poverty and that lawyers anddevelopment organisations have the skills and knowledge to use the

law as an effective development tool.

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Page 8

Asia Pacific Telecommunity (APT) hasbeen at the forefront of assistingmembers in developing telecommu-nication and ICT services in the AsiaPacific region.

This assistance has many fronts andincludes providing forums andworkshops dealing with policy andtechnological issues pertaining totelecommunication/ICT and capacitybuilding (HRD) including trainingcourses on various topics

Applicants willing to seek for Chinese government scholarship should applyto the dispatching authorities, such as the Chinese Embassy or Consulate inthe applicants country, a Chinese higher education institution, a research

institute or an academic organization.

Eligible applicants should log on the online application system, ask for theagency number, fill out and print the application form, which should then bemailed in duplicate to the dispatching authority, the responsible agency forstudents scholarship enrolment and admission. Students who do not meet thelanguage proficiency requirement for the major study shall take 1-2 yearsChinese language classes before they start the major program.

Some higher education institutions offer courses instructed in English forgraduate students and general scholars. Those who take English taught

programs should not take Chinese language classes. Undergraduate studentsare required to take classes in Chinese. Students with no prior knowledge ofChinese language shall take 1 year foundation courses at the assigneduniversities. The website for the online application system is http://laihua.csc.edu.cn.

4th APT Workshop on Disaster Management held in Manila

High-Level Political

Forum (HLPF)Aim: Facilitate

SDGsInaugural MeetingDate: 24 Sept. 13.

Place: UN HQNew York Can Technology Fix Education?Check Out Tweets from Twitter Town Hall on Education and Technology

Silicon Valley in California was buzzing with tweets for education asthe first ever Global Education and Technology Forum kicked-offwith a Twitter Town Hall featuring Gordon Brown, United Nations

Special Envoy for Global Education and DickCostolo, Twitter CEO.

T h e f o r u m w a s l i v e t w e e t e dfrom @gbceducation with the support of over100 tech and education executives in the room,along with tech start-ups and on-the-groundeducation providers joining in via Twitter.

The town hall exposed the international challenges we face in educa-tion, and showed that creative and efficient tech businesses can dotheir part to solve some of these problems.

The conversation was ongoing and went beyond the live town hallwith panels touching on topics such as data,teacher training, andstudent learning experiences. Companies such as Dropbox, WorldReader, Palantir, Meraki, Coursera, Econet Wireless, Pearson andGoogle were challenged in an open discussion to find technologicalsolutions to educate the 61 million primary-school-aged childrenwho are currently not in school. Peter Diamandis even announcedthe launch of an X Prize for Global Literacy.

We challenge you to hold them accountable and continuethe #Tech4Ed conversation online. Help us advocate for the direneeds of millions of children who cannot go to school and are

deprived of a quality education.

Quinoa is a grain-like cropgrown primarily for its edible

seeds. It is a pseudocereal

rather than a true cereal or

grain as it is not a a true grass

family. As a chenopod, quinoa is

closely related to species such as

beetroots, spinach and tumble

weeds. Referred to as

Superfood with high nutritional value, its proteincontent per 100 calories is much higher than brown

rice, potatoes, barley and millet. Quinoa is a com-

plete source of protein and calcium.
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9/36

The Business Council for Africa (West & Southern) introduced MrArnold Ekpe as the Council's first Honorary President at their annualSummer Lecture on 3rd July 2013. The event held at The Royal Over-

Seas League and sponsored by FBN Bank, attracted a number ofhigh-profile business leaders, investors, diplomats, members andfriends of the BCA..Regarded as one of the most important and influential Africanbusinessmen of his generation, the former CEO of Ecobank gave apassionate speech about his experiences in Africa and the ways inwhich Africa could move forward as a continent shifting from talkand ideas to action and growth, stating, In Africa, we need to talk

less and do more

Recognising Africas vast economic potential, Ekpe was also careful to

highlight specific danger signs in order to ensure that Africas growth

story is a sustainable one, focusing on areas such as infrastructure,integration and building strong regional economic hubs. During hisspeech, Ekpe suggested the idea of an African Investment Bank

where African governments invest capi-tal for regional projects.

To attract investment, he suggested, Africa

must show confidence. Africa is at a turning

point. We should be taking more steps to

integrate Africa, which means putting the right

infrastructure in place building Pan-African

railways and enabling open skies.

Ekpe also highlighted the importance of developing strong African

business success stories: Africa needs to do more to empower and

support African champions. African champions would be companies

that have a regional mandate, for example Ecobank, MTN in telecom-

munications or Shoprite the retail group, taking a regional approach

to development. As part of his new role as Honorary President of

the BCA, Arnold Ekpe will act as a figurehead and ambassador to pro-

mote the Councils mission, values and objectives.

Page 9

akada

Do

you

have ...medical concernsquestions or

experiences you

want an answer toor like to share?Write to AugustaIll be delighted to

respondFor your comments

and queries

Email me at:[email protected]

Sickle Cell Anemia Treatment

The treatment of Sickle Cell disorder will obviouslydepend very much on the condition of individuals. Ifthey can no longer cope, they are advised to go hospi-tal immediately. At present, there is no known cure forthis disorder. Some Sickle Cell disorder patient, espe-

cially the ones with Thalassaemia are regularly onblood transfusion every four weeks for the rest of theirlives, and daily penicillin, and folic acid to prevent lifethreatening infections.

When they are Sickle Cell crisis(I.e. severe pain on the joints orparticular bone in the body), theyare usually treated with heavypainkillers to ease off the pain.Some of the painkillers are co-proxomol, morphine/diamorphine,morphine sulphate, ibuprofen,and diclofenac sodium, dihydro-codeine, and codydramol etc. etc.sickle cell patient is also treated

with Antibiotics. These drugs areusually safe and effective in thetreatment of bacterial disorders

ranging from minor infections, like conjunctivitis, tolife-threatening diseases. Some of the antibioticshave a broad spectrum of activity against wide vari-ety of bacterial.

Others are used in the treatment of infection by onlya few specific organisms. Some of these antibioticsare penicillins, augmentin-co-amoxilav, clarithromy-cin, and ciprofloxacin. When these patients withsickle cell disorder are hospitalised, they are mainlygiven these drugs and importantly they are alsotreated with celine drips. These drips help toincrease the fluid in the system, reducing sickle

cell crisis.

In the United State, it was recently introduced thatSickle Cell disorder can be treated, where thesufferers will no longer suffers from Sickle Cell disor-der. This type of treatment will be through cloning(Gene therapy.) Cloning is one aspect of genetic

engineering, the rapidly growing area of scientific re-search that tries to change and control the design ofliving things. In fact, there was a case 10 years go,where an early gene inherited a defective gene fromboth parents, giving her a condition that left body un-able to fight infections. She was very ill and left normalred blood cells live above 120 days in the body, sickle

cells only live about 5-30 days.

Other Symptoms: Individuals with Sickle Celldiseases or Beta Thalassaemia gets tired easily, this isbecause their red blood cells have a shortened lifespan and as a result of that they have a low haemoglo-bin and are anaemic they can get breathless even withminimal physical activity and excretion. They are morelikely to feel the cold compared to most people. Peoplewith Sickle cell disease dont develop very good immu-nity and therefore prone to picking up infections early.Infections need to be treated promptly to preventsickling (pain) crisis or other complication.

Is there a Cure for sickle cell disease?

Yes. It is called Bone marrow Transplantation (BMT).Bone marrow is obtained from a matched unaffectedbrother or sister or unrelated donor and transplanted to

the person with sicklecell disease. However,this treatment is notwithout side effects andthe physical, emotionaland psychological ef-fects can sometimescause more distressthan the disease itself.

How can Familieshelp?

The most important parta family can play is to learn as much as possible aboutsickle cell disease so that they can help prevent illhealth, recognise symptoms of illness and care andsupport in the home.

The psychological and emotional stress of living with

sickle cell disease can bereduced if the individual getssupport, encouragement andfeels able to live as normal a lifeas possible in there own commu-nity.

There are specialist sickle celland thalassaemia centres/services in the Uk. The NHS andrun by specialist nurses, doctorsand social workers fund them.

These centres offer information,advice, and education of thepublic as well as educate health,allied and other professionals.

Arnold Ekpe shares his vision for Africa Moving from Talk to Action.


10/36

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To prevent another Cold War Chinas Presi-dent Xi Jinping is looking for a new model ofmajor country relationship with the United

States.

China and the United States must find

a new pathone that is different from theinevitable confrontation and conflict betweenthe major countries of the past, Xi told

reporters after his first meeting withPresident Obama in June.

Welcoming the Chinese leaders gesture

Obama responded We shared our respective

visions for our countries futures and agreed

that were more likely to achieve our

objectives of prosperity and security of ourpeople if we are working together coopera-tively, rather than engaged in conflict.

Raising the issue of cyber-security, which hasemerged as one of the most controversialissues between the two nations, the focus onthe Cold War by Xi is assumed to suggest asense of urgency from the Chinese leader.Its as if in parenthesis hes saying, If we

dont get this relationship right now, neither

of us is going to like what were going to have

to do next, said Chris Johnson, a formerChina analyst for the CIA and the Freeman

Chair in China Studies at the Centre forStrategic & International Studies.

They agreed that North Korea must bedenuclearized, and agreed on a path forwardto apply pressure on the government inPyongyang, which U.S. officials view as one ofChinas first forays stepping in to promote

regional calm.

According to the US National Security AdvisorTom Donilon, Obama said that the parties

should seek to de-escalate, not escalate; andthe parties should seek to have conversationsabout this through diplomatic channels and

not through actions out of the East ChinaSea, and further encouraged Xi to deesca-

late tensions with Japan over the disputedSenkaku Islands in the East China Sea, whichare believed to sit upon oil and gas reservesclaimed by both countries.

With hopes for future cooperation on climatechange, both leaders signed off an agreementto limit the release of Hydro fluorocarbons(HFCs), potent greenhouse gas used asrefrigerants. To promote stability between

the two powers, discussions also centred onthe importance of strengthening military-to-military ties, which lag diplomatic andeconomic relations by more than a decade.

In its report culled from The Diplomat, Zach-ary Keck stressed that it is often argued thatweaker Asian nations like those of ASEANwould be the most negatively impacted by aU.S.-China Cold War, as Washington andBeijing would force them to take sides. As

evidence of this, proponents point to the U.S.-Soviet Cold War when the superpowerssupposedly divided the world up intoopposing spheres of influence.

But this is a misinterpretation of the ColdWar, and its further misapplication to thecontemporary Asia-Pacific. In fact, smallerAsian countries would be the primarybenefactors of a more acute U.S.-Chinastrategic rivalry.

With the exception of the countries that wereoccupied at the end of WWII, the superpow-ers did not force other nations to choosesides. If anything, the opposite was oftentrue.

NATO is a case in point. Although its difficultto recall these days, at the end of WWII theU.S. still had a strong isolationist currentamong the American people and some elitecircles. Consequently, building domestic sup-port for the economic-driven Marshall Planwas difficult, even though the U.S. had alwaysmaintained robust trading relations withWestern Europe. Ratifying the NATO treatywas even more contentious.

Faced with the threat of the Soviet leviathan,which had just conquered Eastern Europe,the Europeans had no such qualms.

As Lawrence Kaplan, an expert on the trans-national alliance, points out, the drivingforces behind NATO as it came to exist wereBritain, France, Belgium, the Netherlands,and Luxembourg.

In 1948, these five countries signed the Brus-sels Pact pledging self-defence beforeattempting to rope the U.S. into the treatys

principle that each nation would automati-cally respond militarily if one of the otherswas attacked.

Xi takes First Step to Avert US-China Cold War

For The World

We All Deserve

Join the Chain

to Make the Change!

For Details Contact:

AASGON

[email protected]

We definitely are excited to work with AASGON

not only in cooperation with Sias University butalso with the Association of Universities of Asia

and the Pacific (AUAP) and the International

Association ofUniversity Presidents (IAUP)

- Dr. Shawn Chen

Founder and Executive Chairman,

Sias International University, Henan, China

1st Vice Chairman AUAP andExecutive Director IAUP.
http://topics.time.com/cold-war/http://topics.time.com/xi-jinping/http://swampland.time.com/2013/06/10/at-u-s-china-summit-leaders-talk-of-avoiding-another-cold-war/http://swampland.time.com/2013/06/10/at-u-s-china-summit-leaders-talk-of-avoiding-another-cold-war/http://topics.time.com/xi-jinping/http://topics.time.com/cold-war/


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UN SECRETARY GENERALS ENVOY ON YOUTH,

MR. AHMAD ALHENDAWI WITH THE YOUTHMECHANISM OF THE UNITED NATIONS DEVEL-OPMENT ASSISTANCE FRAMEWORK AND THEUN COMMUNICATIONS GROUP .

On Thursday, July 4, 2013, the UNSecretary Generals Envoy on Youth,Mr. Ahmad Alhendawi, who arrived inColombo earlier that week, met with theUN Country Team, the UN Communica-

tions Group and the Youth MechanismGroup of the United Nations Develop-ment Assistance Framework.

Mr. Alhendawi discussed the develop-ment of youth policy in Sri Lanka andthe meaningful involvement of youth inthe United Nations and issues that areof concern to young people.

akada

Page 11

The global financial crisis

has reinforced the messagethat more must be done toprovide youth with the appro-priate skills and help to get abetter start in the labourmarket.

Sharp increases in youthunemployment and under-employment have builtupon long-standing struc-tural obstacles that arepreventing many youth inboth OECD and Key Part-ner countries from devel-

oping the skills they needand being able to use thoseskills effectively through asuccessful transition fromschool to the labour market.

Action is all the more urgentin the context of a hesitanteconomic recovery and weak

job creation in many coun-tries and at a time when gov-ernments face tight budget-ary and financial constraints.

Tackling weak aggregatedemand and promoting jobcreation are essential forbringing down high youthunemployment and under-employment. But while abrighter economic outlook willhelp, it will not solve all of thedifficulties youth face in gain-ing access to productive andrewarding jobs; cost-effectivemeasures addressing struc-tural issues are also needed.

Giving youth a better start inthe labour market is not onlyvital for improving their well-being and fostering greatersocial cohesion but also forboosting potential growth andlimiting future social expendi-tures, especially in thecontext of rapid populationageing in most countries.

Thus, action is needed bothto bring immediate results inalleviating the current situa-tion of high youth unemploy-

ment and under-employmentand to produce betteroutcomes for youth in thelonger run by equipping themwith relevant skills for the

future and removing barriersto their employment.

Particular attention should befocussed on the most disad-vantaged groups of youth,such as the low-skilled orthose from migrant back-grounds, who face the great-

est risk of becoming perma-nently marginalised from thelabour market along with arange of social problems.

Action should be appliedacross a broad front toimprove the provision ofbasic education and voca-tional training, and socialservices, and to tackle labourmarket barriers more gener-ally that are preventing manyyouth from gaining a firmfoothold in the labour market.

In line with the OECD SkillsStrategy, effective actionrequires an effort across allrelevant ministerial portfoliosto ensure that youth acquirethe right skills, bring thoseskills to the labour marketand are able to utilise themeffectively.

However, there are largecountry differences in the

labour market situation foryouth and thus policy respon-ses must be tailored to eachcountrys circumstances. Thisalso opens up the scope formutual learning f romsuccessful measures andprogrammes that countrieshave taken to improve youthemployment outcomes.

Much has already been tried:some initiatives have deliv-ered good results while

others have been disappoint-ingly ineffective. Yet evenwhere successful measureshave been taken, everyOECD and Key Partner

country could still do more toimprove youth outcomes.

Therefore, at the latestOECDs Meeting of theCouncil at Ministerial Level inMay, countries committed tothe key elements of anOECD Action Plan for Youthand to taking or strengthen-

ing effective measures toimprove youth outcomes.

This includes actions totackle the current youthunemployment crisis andstrengthen the long-term

employment prospects ofyouth.

The OECD Action Plan forYouth draws together andbuilds upon extensive OECDanalysis of education, skillsand 2 youth-related employ-ment policies as well as anumber of internationalinitiatives, including the ILOResolution on -The youthemployment crisis: a call foraction, the G20 commit-ments on youth employmentand the EU Council'sagreement on the YouthGuarantee.

Following its endorsement,the OECD is working withcountries to implement theOECD Youth Action Plan intheir national context andprovide peer-learning oppor-tunities for countries to sharetheir implementation plans.

The OECD also provides a

setting to discuss what worksand what does not in aninternational perspectivebased on country experienceand will report on progress tothe MCM 20.

OECD Action Plan for YouthWhy Action is Needed

GIVING YOUTH A BETTER START IN THE LABOUR MARKET

Multinational companies haveavoided taxation in their home

countries by pushing profitsabroad to low- or no-tax jurisdic-tions.

The G20 asked the OECD tocreate an action plan to addresstax base erosion and profitshifting (BEPS).

The plan has now beenlaunched. It identifies 15 actionsand sets timelines for theimplementation.

The OECD has now presented toG20 finance ministers plans fora two-pronged attack on taxavoidance and evasion from

both companies and individuals.

Action Plan Against

Tax Avoidance

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Millions read

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[email protected]


12/36

Page 12

akadaFrom back page

While NEPAD theoretically promises toset Africa on a development course, italso imparts contradictions and ambigui-ties, which together raise fundamentalquestions about its ability to meet itsstated objectives. These questions havealso become the basis for criticism andpessimism.

Let us briefly look at these weaknesses.Although presented as a programme ofpartnership, the relationship between theWest and Africa is criticised for lackingreciprocity, complementarity or symbiosisthat characterise genuine partnerships.On the contrary, it is a fundamentallyskewed partnership remi-niscent of the relationshipbetween a rider and a

horse (Ngwane, 2003: 3),or a benevolent and abeggar (Orakwue, 2002).

Accordingly, the NEPADacronym is either oftenderided as meaning anew partnership forAfricas domination ord e s t r u c t i o n , o r pronounced humorouslyas KNEE-PAD to depictAfricas preparedness tostay longer on its knees

while pleading for aid(Orakwue 2002).

In fact, Asante (2003: 14), describes thepartnership more succinctly as apartnership of unequal partners. Theseaberrations underscore the lack of true

partnership between Africa and the G8.Admittedly, much of these negativecomparisons and analogies aboutNEPAD derive from the unendingsuspicions about the programmesorigins.

In contrast to its portrayal as a home-grown project, NEPAD is frequently seenas a construction of the West (Adesina,2003, Bond, 2003:12).

This critical view argues that a genuinelyformulated African programme willeschew the neo-liberal prescriptions

embodied in NEPAD, which more or lessare the very policies constraining theregions development (Govender, 2003).

Beset with poverty and adversity, more

over, a truly formulated African develop-ment programme would evolve people-centred and poverty-targeted policies,which are visibly missing in NEPAD.

NEPAD presents aneo-liberal frame-work, patterned

along textbook eco-nomics and ex-pected to work froma classical point ofview. But worldwideexperience showsthat textbook eco-nomics are not writ-ten for economies indecline such asthose in Africa,which defy basicneoclassical logic.

A neo-liberal pro-

gramme centred on the market, informedby the logic of trickle-down economicsand with a plethora of conditionalitiessuch as NEPAD, can at best exacerbaterather than ameliorate poverty.

If the origins and nature of NEPAD,along with the partnership it evokes withthe West are dubious, the commitment ofAfricas partners to meet aid obligation isan even bigger source of pessimism. Af-ricas unmitigated past disappointmentswith western aid deals substantiate this.

In 1986, for example, the UN developed afour year recovery programme, the UnitedNations Programme of Action for AfricanEconomic Recovery and Development(UN-PARRED) 1986-1990.

This programme embodied pledges bythe international creditor community toprovide assistance to Africa. However,the tepid response from the internationalcommunity condemned UN-PARRED to apremature demise. Again, in 1991, theUnited Nations New Agenda for theDevelopment of Africa in the 1990s

(UN-NADAF) was adopted under whichthe international creditor community wasto commit 0.7 percent of its GNP as ODAto Africa. On their part, African countriescommitted themselves to economic and

democratic reforms.

However, in return for Africas wholesaleadoption of SAPs and submission to

multiparty elections by the close of thedecade, only the Netherlands, and theScandinavian countries of Denmark,Norway and Sweden provided 0.7% orhigher of their GNP as ODA to Africa. Infact, aggregate ODA to Africa actuallyplummeted from $28.6 billion in 1990 to$16.4 billion in 2000 (Bentsi-Enchill 1997;

Asante, 2003:16). Here, too, donorpledges went unfulfilled.

As noted earlier, NEPADs acclaimedpotential to promote good governance,through the innovative APRM, is another

source of optimism. However, thisoptimism is misplaced. Submission to theAPRM is voluntary. Countries whichinitially signed up can opt out if theprocess proves intrusive. Moreover, the

AU lacks the muscle to compel countriesto either sign up to the review process orcomply with standards of goodgovernance.

This is a major limitation that has left theAU and APRM as a lame leviathan. Fourcountries Ghana, Kenya, Mauritius andRwanda were reviewed in 2004. How-ever, consistent with the APRMs lack of

compulsion, the review process focusednot on whether the stated standards ofgovernance were adhered to, but whetherthe countries [were] moving towardsthese goals (Africa Research Bulletin,2004: 15629-30).

The incapacity of NEPAD and the AU togenerate good governance is also evidentin continuous allegations of corruptionand nepotism involving top governmentofficials in Africa; grotesque human rightrestrictions and abuses in Zimbabwe andSwaziland nearly four years after the

adoption of NEPAD and the APRM.

Nor, have NEPAD and the AU been ableto completely stem conflicts and wars in

Africa. On the contrary, in spite ofsuccesses in ending conflicts in Angolaand Mozambique, others have continuedto rage. Darfur, Somalia and the Democ-ratic Republic of the Congo (DRC)continue to present challenges to the AU,while peace in the Ivory Coast, Liberiaand Sudan remain fragile at best. Otherdisturbing internal tensions, such as inZimbabwe, continue to test the ability of

the AU to restore sound governancepractices in the region.

.Continued page 26

Why NEPAD may Fail

The overwhelming neo-liberal

orientation of NEPAD is a source

of concern. But this posture is

informed not only by the global

dominance of neo-liberalism as

an ideology, but importantly by

the assumption tracing Africas

crisis to mainly internal factors.


13/36


14/36

Japan tests 4K TV over the internetA Japanese telecoms company is reported to have carried out tests to tryto prove 4K-resolution video can be streamed over the internet totelevision set-top boxes.

NTT West hosted the trial - which is believed to be the first of its kind.A new video compression standard is being used to reduce the amountof data that needs to be transmitted.

4K broadcasts offer four times the amount of detail as 1080p high-definition content. Compressing technologies allow broadcasters totransmit material using much less data than would otherwise berequired while minimising the loss of picture quality.

With regard to video, instead of sending data describing each pixel ofeach frame as if it were a standalone entity,a variety of algorithms are used to analysehow colour is distributed across each imageand what changes occur between eachframe.

This is then used to allow redundant infor-mation to be discarded, providing insteadonly the information needed to reconstructa sequence based on an understanding ofhow each pixel and frame are related to

each other.

At present the H.264/MPEG-4 codec is commonly used to broad-cast digital TV - including the UK's Freeview HD and Sky HD satel-lite services - as well as the vast majority of video clips on the web.

In January the International Telecommunication Union (ITU), a UNagency, approved a new format to succeed it called the H.265 HighEfficiency Video Coding (HEVC) standard.

It allows 4K and 1080p videos to be streamed using roughly halfthe bit rate, meaning half as much data needs to be transmitted,thanks to the use of more advanced algorithms.

The ITU said it should meet the needs of broadcasters for "thenext decade". Although 4K ultra-high-definition televisions arealready on the market, content is scarce and most owners haverelied on the sets' ability to upscale existing HD signals. Japanplans to become the first country to broadcast 4K programming

Page 14

akada

Japan plans tobecome the first

country tobroadcast 4K

programming oversatellite from 2014,

in time for thefootball World Cup.

For over a century the Union of InternationalAssociations (UIA) has been working to

promote and facilitate the work of international organisations.

Creating opportunities for learning through networking and

good practice, the UIA Round Table will for the first time in

history be held in Asia.

About 200 participants will converge in Singapore on October

23rd and 24th 2013 to gain practical skills, share knowledge and

experience.

The UIA Round TableEurope will be held in Brussels in Novem-

ber 2013. For more information on how to participate in either

or both crucial roundtables log on http://uia.org/roundtable.

1st Roundtable in Asia


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Page 15

The President of St. Paul Univer-sity Philippines and Chancellor,St. Paul University System, Sr.Remy Angela Junio, hasendorsed ACCSEP, the Africa

Asia Scholars Global Networks

Academic, Career, Cultural &

Summer Exchange Program.

In a statement by Prof. JeremyGodofredo C. Morales, theDirector Innovation, DistanceEducation, Public Affairs andInternational Relations, theChancellor endorses your

association and your projectsespecially that you directly linkup persons and institutions.

With its dynamic multi-disciplinary approach to learn-ing, the University, in order to

maximize the benefits broughtforth by national and internationalpartnerships, forges ties withdiverse institutions of learning.

We wish to invite as many

nationalities to our fold so thatour new forms of evangelizationcan touch and transform morelives and make our University anearthly Kingdom of God wheretruth, peace and love reign reaf-

firm Sister Remy Angela Junio.

Expressing his organisations plans

to develop a lasting and mutuallyrewarding partnership with St.Paul University the Second VicePresident of AASGON, Dr. AlbertBarnes said It is indeed a great

pleasure to associate with St. Paul

University Philippines which has beenacknowledged as providing the 'MostOutstanding Student Services Program'in the Philippines.

More so that the institution hasbeen proudly declared by the CatholicBishops Conference of the Philippinesas Pontifical Catholic Cultural Centre,which is a viable platform for new

evangelization where faith and culturemeet.

The St. Paul University Philippines hasextended a invitation to the Founderand Executive President of the AfricaAsia Scholars Global Network, Abdul

Dewale Mohammed to visit therenowned university which has hadover a hundred years of presence in thepopular Cagayan Valley region now

nate by 2015 deaths from topkillers: malaria; polio; newpaediatric HIV infections; ma-ternal and neonatal tetanus;and measles.

Fully implement the globalstrategy on women andchildren's health to save tens of

millions of lives, includingthrough the provision of repro-ductive health services to meetunmet global needs.

The UN takes responsibility toaccelerate progress on the

Millennium Development Goals:

Keep the world solidly on trackto meet poverty reductiontargets focusing on inequalities,making particular efforts in

countries with special needs andin those which have not achievedsufficient progress.

Complete the final drive to elimi-

Unlock the potential of currentand future generations byputting an end to the hiddentragedy of stunting of almost 200million children by mobilizingfinancial, human and politicalresources commensurate withthe challenge.

Stimulate generational progressby catalysing a global movementto achieve quality, relevant and

St. Paul University endorse ACCSEP

UN SET TARGETS SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT

Courtesy call on AASGONdevelopmental programmes.

Governance explained the AASGONFounder needs to be more trans-

parent and responsive to the needsof the ordinary citizen who are themost populated of the workforce

and bedrock of economic growth.Its disheartening and regrettable

that Drugs, Weapons and Human

trafficking have become tragedies ofour time.

Empowerment of the Civil Society,lamented Abdul Mohammed and its

direct or indirect ownership orcommand of socio-economic devel-opment of communities is key toameliorate and concretely addressthe worlds present concerns.

As part of the UN efforts at bringing about Sustainable De-

velopment Goals AASGON he stressed, is proposing a num-ber of far reaching stakeholders joint partnership schemeswhich are being examined for imple-mentation.

Referring to the uncontrolledincrease in youth unemploymentwith graduates becoming unemploy-

able in the labour market, the AAS-GON chief affirmed that In todays

world student engagement hasbecome increasingly prevalent andsignificant and its only through areview of current teaching meth-odology that meets the challenges ofthe 21st century shall we be able tocreate the most desired life changesto the development of human capi-tal, wealth creation and sustainable growth

The august visitors thanked AASGON for its commitment tobridging the widening gap between people of developing

countries in ensuring world peace and prosperity .

and forthcomingin tackling thechallenges of the21st centuryparicularly thatof global youthunemploymentand the shortcomings of theMillennium Development Goals.

However he hopes that the UNs new

generation of sustainable developmentgoals built on the MDGs accomplish-ments and deficiencies will takeaccount of the civil society empower-ment and more direct role in publicdecision-making as well as more deeply

engagement in the implementation of

akada

Sr. Remy Angela Junio,SPC

President and Chancellor

St. Paul University Philippines.

The coming

together of Africa

and Asia is not

just for thebenefit or interest

of either of the

region but for the

entire world

at large

The St. Paul

University

Philippines is open

to students from

across the globe.

From back page

universal education for the twenty-first century.


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Fume FighterReport Veronique Greenwood

Within his first 30 minutes on the job at an

aluminum factory in 1999, metalworker

Michael Buckman inhaled so many

noxious fumes he was sick with bronchitis

for three days. As he recovered, Buckman

wondered whether a commercial welding

helmet could have filtered his breathing

air. I didnt see anything out there like

what I was thinking about, he says. So he

set out to build the WindMaker: a helmet

that can prevent lung damage.

WindMaker draws fresh air from behind

the helmet, pushes it through a HEPA-

rated filter, and then blows it toward the

front, cooling skin while preventing fog on

the glass faceplate. A fan near the chin

helps expel air, blowing away toxic

smoke in the work zone. LED lights on

each side of the faceplate illuminate the

welding job, while a thick shroud de-

flects sparks.

Several companies have expressed

interest in licensing the helmet. Before

anyone can sell WindMaker, however,

the National Institute of Occupational

Safety and Health needs to extensively

test its air-filtering abilitiesa costly

process that requires consumer-ready

units. If the device lives up to its claims,

the convenient combination of eye, heat,

spark, and respiratory safeguards could

motivate more welders to protect them-

selves, says Shawn Gibbs, an occupa-

tional health expert at the University of

Nebraska Medical Center. And that in-

creased use is something welding needs,

he says.

Buckman already has ideas for high-techadd-ons, including wireless communica-tion devices, solar panels, video cameras,and heads-up displays. Whatever futuristicfeatures make it into the final helmet,

Buckman is confident it will deliver onsafety. I got hurt on the job, he says. Ihad to go through that experience todesign this.

Page 16

akada

2013 Invention Awards:

Reports Charles Q. Choi Cardboard Bike

One day in 2009, Israeli engineer Izhar Gafni sat in a quiet library designing amachine to extract seeds from pomegranates when his mind drifted to cycling,

his favorite pastime. Gafni admired bikes made from sustainable bamboo, but

their high cost seemed

prohibitive. He wondered, why not make them from cardboard

instead?

Over the next two years, Gafni learned to fold cardboard sheets

into the strongest possible shapes; his experimentation led to

robust structures resembling honeycombs and bird nests. He

then spent another year crafting the material into bicycle compo-

nents. I almost felt like the Wright Brothers going into unknownterritory, he says.

The product of his labor is a single-speed bicycle with spokes, rims, and a frame made from card-

board. Varnish protects the glued paper core from moisture, while old car tires serve as puncture-

proof wheels. Gafni used a cars timing belt as a chain and formed plastic bottles into pedal cranks.

The 28-pound prototype, called Alfa, can safely support a rider nearly 20 times its weight.

Gafni intends to mass produce four models: two 18-pound bikes for adults, assisted by optional

rechargeable electric motors, and two smaller versions for children. He hopes to build each bike for

less than $12 in materials and sell them for no more than $30. Through advertising plastered on

each bikeor enough grant moneypeople in developing countries could ride them for free. Gafnican already envision fashioning his cardboard into baby strollers, wheelchairs, and even cars. You

can do almost anything with it, he says.

By Elbert Chu

John McGinnis thinks ordinary families

would rather skip the airport and fly them-

selves. So he is trying to reinvent the per-

sonal airplane with the help of his father,

son, and a rotating crew of about two dozen

volunteers. Unlike small aircraft today which

can cost more than a house, McGinnis says

Synergy could be cheaper, quieter, and, at

more than 40 mpg, three times as fuel-

efficient.

McGinnis, a 47-year-old composite manufac-

turer, flew his first airplane in second grade.

Perplexed by the inefficiencies of personal

aircraft, he taught himself aeronautical engi-

neering and fluid dynamics over two

decades. One day, while perusing scientific

studies at a desk in his daughters bedroom,

he read a NASA researchers paper chal-

lenging a classic aerodynamic drag equa-

tion. McGinnis could see the possibilities. I

came out of the girls bedroom ranting

like a madman to my wife, he says.

Family Flier
http://www.popsci.com/technology/article/2013-04/safety-fume-fighterhttp://www.popsci.com/technology/article/2013-04/safety-fume-fighterhttp://www.popsci.com/technology/article/2013-04/aviation-family-flierhttp://www.popsci.com/technology/article/2013-04/aviation-family-flierhttp://www.popsci.com/technology/article/2013-04/safety-fume-fighter


17/36

Page 17

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AASGON


18/36

Power of PersistenceOprah Winfrey, Bill Gates, Will Smith, Rich-ards Branson and countless others who hadsucceeded either as entrepreneurs or in otherendeavours had done so by being persistent;

they never gave up when the road they startedout on turned out to be leading to no wherewith all odds stacked up against them.

Despite obstacles and uncertainty, they held onfirmly and remained on course until they foundsuccess. These are ordinary folks with extraor-dinary faith in their dream and the capabilitiesto manifest their dreams failure or the threat offailure.

A lot has been said and written aboutpersistence; that innate human attribute whichprovide the energy and desire to "hold firmlyand steadfastly to a purpose, state, or under-taking despite obstacles, warnings, or

setbacks".

There are two stories in the Bible that comes tomind which attest to the fact that being persis-tent can break barriers and open doors togetting what is desired and acted upon. Abra-ham's persistent pleading with God helpedsave a city from destruction for the sake of afew "just people" out of the whole population.

Abraham started by asking God to forgive andnot destroy the city for the sake of "fifty justpeople" but was able to persuade God to savethe city if only" ten just people" are foundamong the sinners by being persistent .

On another occasion Jesus told a story about aman who had an urgent need for a few loavesof bread. The man knocked on his friend's doorin the middle of the night but the friend asked

him to go away and that it is late. Jesus

went on to say that "If the man does not getup and give [the loaves] to him for friend-ship's sake, persistence will be enough tomake him get up and give his friend all hewants"

Being persistent has won many a battle andthe lack of it has made many to get up frombeing knocked down and run off in theopposite direction. We all are aware of thepower of this attribute but a lot of us still failto succeed in getting the things we desirebecause we lack tenacity.

Why do some people hold on to a purposeor dream even after failing several times?

Austin Mac-Anabraba

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Page 18

According to SteveJobs "you have tohave a lot ofpassion for whatyou are doingbecause if youdon't any rationalperson will give up

because it is hard.. the ones that succeedlove doing what they do and can perseverewhen it gets really tough".

Those who are persistent eventually find suc-cess because they love what they do andstrongly believe in their dream or purpose.The love for their work helps them to focusgoals and motivate them to continue to pursuetheir dream.

These individuals never change their focus but

are very flexible in their strategy and tactics inpursuing their dreams. All of these people willtell you that they have experienced failuresand how they have been spurred on byfailures, setbacks and obstacles.

According to Steve Chandler, "making theproblem your own cuts it by 50%". People whosucceed through persistence have the habit ofembracing failure and learning from it andthese lessons help them to change strategyand tactics but never the dream or purpose.

They get up from being knocked down andcontinue rather than run in the oppositedirection.

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Page 19

Mandela and the China connection

From front page

Less appreciated is Mandela's link with China. In his best-selling

autobiography Long Walk to Freedom, Mandela reflects: "Like the

people of the East, Africans have a highly developed sense of

dignity, or what the Chinese call 'face'." This refers to the concept of

mianzi, a tenet of Confucianism in which losing reputation isanathema in a harmonious society.

In the mid-1940s, Mandela's African National Congress initiated

series of campaigns of defiance against dominant white rule.

Although he was one of the ANC leaders, he saw no contradiction in

forging alliances with other parties fighting against a common and

formidable foe.

One such ally was the South Africa Communist Party, whose

ideological bent was toward a classless society. Against opposition

from some of his "comrades", the ANC entered an on-off

partnership with SACP.

Mandela admits he was "handicapped by ignorance of Marxist

philosophy" at the time.

To rectify that, he immersed himself in

the works of Marxist leaders, including

Mao Zedong, in his autobiography,

Mandela writes: "In Edgar Snow's

brilliant Red Star Over China I saw that

it was Mao's determination and non-

traditional thinking that led him to

victory."

He also read works by China's chairman from 1959 to 1969, Liu

Shaoqi, and eventually wrote a paper entitled How to be a Good

Communist as an interpretation of communism in the South

African context. That paper would be used against him during the

infamous Rivonia trials in the early 1960s.

Mandela's pragmatism is such that while he came away from Marx-

ist readings not exactly sold on concepts such as dialectical materi-

alism, he saw the value of appropriating some Communist principles

into the struggle. He was more in favour of nationalism blending

African cultural principles and some elements of Communism.

- continues next akada edition

The Mandela World

Freedom, Justice and Democracy

... Participatory governanceFrom Page 13

while a substantial increase in theamount China and India, emerging worldeconomies, invest in Africa and Asiacould be foreseen as a new era for south-south co-operation, the impact of theCooperation in supporting member states

in achieving the Millennium DevelopmentGoals is hardly recognised, be it inpartnership development, regional inte-gration, sharing of good practices, youthemployment, information and communica-tion technology, food, agriculture, water,energy, health, education, trade andinvestment.

The inadequacies of many developingcountries from meeting the MillenniumDevelopment Goals (MDGs) have beenclearly that of lack of effective participa-tory governance where the civil society isfully incorporated in policy formulation and

implementation.

In theory policies clearly state publicownersh ip and peop le-cent red

programmes, in reality people running thestate of affairs have no clear mandate orbetter understanding of the effect andworkings of participatory governance.

There is no set benchmark or appraisalon governments ability to transfer respon-sibilities as to meeting such vital develop-ment policy.

Many civil organisations have becomedisenchanted and disinterested in govern-ance because promises are hardly kept.

It is widely believed that South-SouthCo-operation must be grounded in thequestions of why and how policymakerscan come together and share theirsuccesses and failures with each other,and, most importantly, set guidelines thatallow for investments to directly feed intodevelopment assistance so that thoseliving on less than $1.25 day don't get leftbehind.

Providing more options for developmentMs. Rebeca Grynspan, UNDP Associate

Administrator, stressed at a recent

dialogue with Member States on SSC thatin the next Strategic Plan 2014-2017,UNDP is committing to mainstreamingSouth-South cooperation more effectivelyas an integral tool for successful develop-ment. Moving forward we must commitourselves to leveraging new South-Southdynamics into development results

Widely recognized as a key mechanismfor the development agenda of countriesof the South, to meet expectations of the21st century, SSC would have tostrengthen its Global Partnership andPeople-Centred policies.

Participatory governancefocuses on deepening

democratic engagementthrough the participation

of citizens in the

processes of governancewith the state.

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Page 20

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To read or download past editions of your favourite akadaNews Magazine and Abdul Dewale Mohammeds recent

paper presentations log on:

http://www.slideshare.net/KSENCIC/aasgon-presentation

For your eventsRequest a Speaker

from AASGONEmail:[email protected]

Wealth is increasingly

shifting to emerging

economies, especially in

Asia. By 2020, the region

could account for half the

worlds

middle

class, and

the

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