AIM: What is difference between between coal, petroleum and natural gas.

DN: What is coal? How is it formed?

HW: Article Due Friday

Where does all the energy on earth come from?

The sun

• Energy from sun is converted to chemical energy in plants (photosynthesis).

• When you eat, the energy from the plant is converted to heat, mechanical and chemical energy for life processes

Remember…… energy cannot be created or destroyed- it can be

converted from one form to another

Fuel

• Any substance from which energy can be obtained

• EX:

– Food

– Oil

– Gas petroleum

Electricity

• Not common in nature– Except for lightning

• How is electricity produced?– Fuel is burned to boil water, producing

steam.– Steam exerts pressure on turbines, turning

them– The mechanical energy of the turbines

generates electricity

Not very efficient because some of the energy is converted to heat,

light or sound

Energy needs over time

• Energy needs have increased over time• Modern industrial society uses 50%

more energy per person than did hunter-gatherers

• Factories for products (clothes furniture, building) to accommodate growing population

• Machines were used instead of people– Manufacturing the machines and using the

machines required large amounts of fuel

Fossil Fuels

• Fuels from the remains of organisms that lived long ago

• Organic

• Coal, petroleum, natural gas

Coal

• Mostly the result of sedimentation

• Solid

• Swamps, plants

• At each stage, more hydrogen and oxygen is lost leaving the carbon more concentrated

• More carbon=more energy when burned

Stages of coal formation

1. peat- not true coal, low carbon, low energy

2. Lignite- first true form of coal, 40% carbon,

3. Bituminous- 85% carbon, most abundant in the US

4. Anthracite- 95% carbon- very hard1. Sometimes called metamorphic rock

Coal and oil formation

Petroleum

• liquid- oil

• Remains of microscopic organisms that lived in shallow seas

• Sedimentation

• Trapped under nonporous rocks like shale

• Gasoline, heat homes, lubricants

Natural Gas

• Gas- formed in the same way as petroleum• Methane- primary component• Heating, stoves, water heaters• More energy efficient than electric

appliances- does not have to be converted to electricity first

• Waste of petroleum drilling- wasteful because it can also be used as a fuel

• Propane, methane, ethane

Hydrocarbons

• Organic fuel (once part of a living organism)– Trees, bones, plants

• Contain only carbon and hydrogen

• Methane CH4• Ethane C2H6• Octane C8H18

The biological activities that occur within the

cells of organisms give rise to different

hydrocarbon shapes

1.What role did machines play in the worlds changing energy needs?

2.What is the most common type of coal in the United States?

3.How does anthracite coal form?

4.Explain why peat is not considered a fossil fuel.

5.Why is natural gas as a fuel for cooking more efficient than using electricity?

6.Compare and contrast the formation of petroleum and the formation of coal.