ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION DEPARTMENT

THE GOVERNMENT OF THE HKSAR

AIR SCIENCE GROUP ( P e t e r L o u i e J o s e p h i n e H o C o n n i e L u k D a m g y C h a n R o y Ts a n g )

香港特別行政區環境保護署

空氣科學組 ( 雷 國 強 何 詠 琴 陸 煒 茵 陳 凱 琳 曾 駿 宏 )

Regional air quality studies in the Pearl River Delta region

珠江三角洲區域空氣質量研究

香港

珠江三角洲

北京

PRD Region

珠江三角洲

Guangdong Province

廣東省

PRD and Hong Kong 珠三角與香港

廣州 肇慶

佛山

江門

中山

東莞

惠洲

深圳

珠海

香港

珠江三角洲

北京

PRD Region

珠江三角洲

Guangdong Province

廣東省

PRD and Hong Kong 珠三角與香港

廣州 肇慶

佛山

江門

中山

東莞

惠洲

深圳

珠海

Population 人口

@2010 China 中國

Guangdong Prov. 廣東省

PRDEZ 珠三角經濟區

Hong Kong 香港

Land Area (sq.km.) 土地面積 (平方公里)

9,506,931 179,813

(2%) 54,732 (0.6%)

1,104 (0.0%)

Population 人口

1340Million 1 00Million

(7.8%) 56Million

(4.2%) 7 Million

(0.5%)

Pop Density (persons/sq.km.) 人口密度

141 580 1,026 6,402

廣州 肇慶

佛山

江門

中山

東莞

惠洲

深圳

珠海

香港

珠江三角洲

北京

Guangdong Province

廣東省 Economics 101

Total amount: US$ 70,151 million 億

…and the per capita GDP

PRD Air Quality in the past 6 years 過往6年的珠三角空氣質量

↑21%

It indicates secondary air pollutants and regional transport is affecting the PRD region.

顯示出珠三角區域空氣質量正受著二次污染物、區域傳輸影響

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小時

Hour

年份 Year

Hong Kong Observatory 天文台

Number of hours of reduced visibility 香港能見度低於8公里的時數

PRD Regional Air Quality Studies and Collaboration 珠江三角洲區域研究及合作

Regional Air Quality Studies

Study of Major Industrial Air Pollution Sources in the Pearl River Delta Region

珠江三角洲地區主要工業空氣污染源研究

Study of VOC and Photochemical Ozone Pollution in the Pearl River Delta Region

珠江三角洲地區揮發性有機化合物和光化學臭氧污染研究

Hong Kong Supersites Programme

香港超級監測站計劃簡介

MAJOR INDUSTRIAL AIR POLLUTION SOURCES STUDY

IN THE PRD 珠三角地區主要工業空氣污染源研究

VOC AND PHOTOCHEMICAL OZONE

POLLUTION STUDY IN THE PRD 珠三角VOC和光化學臭氧污染研究

“Two Studies 兩項區域研究” (2007 – 2011)

Major Industrial Air Pollution Sources Study in the PRD

珠三角地區主要工業空氣污染源研究

Objectives 研究目的 (1)

To identify the major industrial polluting facilities in PRD

確認珠三角地區主要的工業污染設施

To characterise these major industrial polluting facilities and identify their spatial distribution and the pollution control technologies practised by them

確認有關主要工業污染設施的特徵及其控制污染的措施

To characterise the air pollutant emissions from the major industrial polluting facilities and processes

確認主要工業污染設施和工序的空氣污染物排放特徵

Objectives 研究目的 (2)

To review the latest development of pollution control technologies in the Mainland and overseas and to identify those technologies that are, or will be, available to the Region

檢討國內外污染控制技術的最新發展，以確定有關技術在珠三角區內實施的可行性

To recommend the best available pollution control

technologies for the major industrial polluting facilities and processes in the Region

基於實際情況，為珠三角地區內建議最合適的污染控制技術和設備

Methodology 執行方案

Provide the “Best Available Control Technology”(BACT) and recommendations on emission reduction control measures

提供最佳的工業污染源可供控制技術及減排方案

Study of typical industrial VOC

sources

研究典型工業VOC污染源行業

For example 例子:

- Automotive manufacturing 汽車製造

- Printing 印刷業

- Furniture manufacturing 傢俱製造

- Footwear manufacturing 鞋業製造

- Electronics products manufacturing 電子製

造（主要是印製電路版行業）

- Coating/painting manufacturing 塗料生產

- Petrochemical and oil refinery 石化與煉油行

業 Survey and source measurements 現場調查及企業和現場監測

Characterize major industrial sources

sectors 確定主要工業污染源行業

Literature review to identify major

industrial sources sectors 文獻評述、整理初步重要工業污染源名單

SO2, NOx, PM10 VOC

Findings 研究結果

Established the spatial allocation of major industrial pollution sources with respect to SO2, NOx and PM10 emissions

確認了珠三角地區主要工業空氣污染源中SO2、NOx和PM10排放的主要行業分佈和地理位置分佈

Identified the emission characteristics of the major industrial air pollution industries in the PRD; investigated the application of control technology and the latest emissions standards for major pollutants; and obtained SO2, NOx and PM10 emission factors

掌握了珠三角地區主要工業空氣污染行業的動態排放特徵，調查了相關控制技術的應用情況和最新的主要污染物排放水平，獲得了主要污染物SO2、NOx和PM10排放因子

Identified the 9 typical industrial VOC pollution sources in PRD

初步分析了珠三角地區9個典型行業VOC污染排放特徵和地域分佈

Proposed the best available control technology and possible control measures to reduce SO2、NOx、PM10 and VOC industrial emissions

提出了針對珠三角地區主要工業空氣污染源SO2、NOx、PM10和VOC排放的最佳可供控制技術

Future Work 工作展望

More work at a larger spatial scale, e.g. Pan-PRD Region

將研究區域擴展例如:大珠三角區域（例如: 香港、澳門和珠三角經濟區）

Develop more comprehensive studies on anthropogenic VOC emission sources, e.g. container terminals, transports, etc.

開展珠三角地區VOC人為排放源研究(例如集裝箱碼頭、海陸空運輸等)

Conduct researches on fugitive emission sources, field monitoring, and conduct measurements and modeling comparisons

開展逸散排放源（無組織排放源）的研究工作、現場監測和利用模型估算之間的比對

Draft VOC control technical guidelines, adopt cleaner production and flue gas treatment, etc.

建議組織編制珠三角地區主要VOC產生行業的技術規範，規範內容至少應涉及兩個方面的內容; 清潔生產和尾氣治理（末端控制）

VOC and Photochemical Ozone Pollution Study in the PRD

珠三角VOC和光化學臭氧污染研究

Objectives 研究目的

Collect VOC and OVOC (carbonyls) samples by means of a grid study, conduct desktop ozone studies and investigate the regional photochemical smog problem

實地收集VOC及OVOC樣品、採用專案研究，以診斷珠三角地區的臭氧問題

Identify the sources of VOC and OVOC in the PRD,

characterize the formation of photochemical smog problem 了解光化學臭氧形成的排放源、種類特徵及前驅污染物濃度水平等條件 Recommend the most suitable measures and strategy to

reduce the regional smog problem 「對症下藥」－提議最合適的治理方案

Methodology 研究流程

Field 研究工作

• 84 sites selection 選址

• VOC and OVOC Sampling and analyses採樣

Data 數據

• Data analysis and interpretation數據分析

• Air quality modeling空氣質量模擬

Publications

報告

• Conclusions 總結

• Recommendations 減排措施方案

QU

ALT

Y A

SSU

RAN

CE A

ND

CO

NTRO

L

質量保證及控制

Major Findings項目成果(1)

Updated PRD regional speciated VOC and OVOC spatial and

temporal distribution

豐富珠江三角洲的VOC和OVOC組份數據

NMHC was higher in the PRD estuary → more industrial activities in

Dongguan, west of Shenzhen, etc.

NHMC於珠江口附近一般較高，可能是由於工業活動多集中於珠江口附近如東莞及深圳西部地區。

珠三角西部 珠江三角洲東部 珠江口

Major Findings項目成果(2) 平

均濃

度水

平：

CO

及C

H4

(pp

bv)；

VO

C(p

ptv

)

Alkanes Alkenes Aromatics OVOC

•C2-C3 VOCs •BTEX

Source Apportionment (PMF) 排放源分析

20

Vehicle emissions-related

與機動車有關的排放

OFP by Emission Sources 按污染源的臭氧形成潛勢(OFP)

21

Total OFP總量:

201.59mg/m3

OFP = Ozone Formation Potential

臭氧形成潛勢

OFP = VOCconc x MIR

OFP Distribution 臭氧形成潛勢比率

夏季 冬季

地區 地區

珠三角西部 珠江口 珠三角東部 珠三角西部 珠江口 珠三角東部

OF

P比

率

總O

FP

值

Aro

matic H

Cs

alk

enes

alkanes

OFP by VOC Types 按VOC類型的臭氧形成潛勢

夏季 冬季

VO

C和

OVO

C的

平均

OFP

值

OVOC: 22.7%-43.2%

Summary 總結(1)

This is perhaps, the first and foremost, and the largest regional grid sampling

study including an area of 200kmx200km with VOCs and OVOCs field

sampling and analysis; better understand the VOCs and OVOCs’regional

spatial and temporal variation

首次在珠江三角洲地區200km x 200km範圍開展實地VOC和OVOC採樣，並對

多種VOC和OVOC進行深入分析，有助深化瞭解VOC和OVOC在珠三角地區內

的時空分佈和排放特徵

Based on data analysis, there are nine major VOCs sources in the PRD region

which verifies that road transport is most influential emission sources among all

and topped the ozone formation potential

在VOC資料分析中，界定了9種VOC排放源，結果表明，機動車排放源為珠

三角地區臭氧形成潛勢最高的排放源

Summary 總結(2)

By using air quality model (PATH upgrade model), it simulates the ozone

spatial and temporal variation and transportation characteristics. It identifies the

ozone is affected by regional influence and the high ozone level is mainly

related to local emissions

利用空氣模擬(PATH升級版)珠三角區域臭氧濃度時空變化與傳輸特徵，發現在某些時段大

區域臭氧背景對珠三角空氣污染有顯著影響，導致臭氧超標的主要原因與本地排放有關

The finding further confirms the most effective emission reduction strategies

would be targeted on road transport and industrial emissions

研究結果表明，控制珠三角地區臭氧污染應重點消減交通及工業源排放

It also recommends strategies to augment the regional air quality monitoring network by

setting up Photochemical Assessment Monitoring Stations (PAMS)

研究對優化完善珠江三角洲區域光化學煙霧監測網路(PAMS)提出了建議

Acknowledgement 特別鳴謝

We are grateful to our partners and experts

僅此致謝以下合作單位及專家

The Guangdong Provincial Environmental Monitoring Center

Hong Kong University of Science and Technology

Hong Kong polytechnic University (Prof. Wang Tao)

University of California – Irvine (Prof. D. R. Blake)

Jinan University

Sun Yat Sen University

Peking University

South China University of Technology

AECOM Asia Co., Ltd.

ENSR Environmental International, Inc.

Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, CAS

Expert team Prof. Chai Fahe of CRAES

Prof. Chen Changhong of SAES Prof. Wang Xuemei of SYS University Prof. He Kebin of Tsinghua University

HONG KONG SUPERSITES PROGRAMME

香港超級站計劃

Hong Kong Supersites Programme - Framework 香港超級站的框架

EPD-Universities collaboration

環保署與大學共同合作

Supported by Environment and Conservation Fund (Total funds $13M)

獲得環境及自然保育基金撥款支持 (合共約$13M)

Objectives: to resolve the complex air pollution phenomena, e.g. particulate pollution, regional haze, visibility impairment, etc. in Hong Kong and PRD

主要針對本港及區域顆粒物、區域性灰霾、能見度下降等空氣污染問題

Initial period: 4 years 合作項目為期約 4年

HK Supersites Air Quality Monitoring Programme 香

港超級站計劃

HKUST

Hok Tsui

PolyU

Photochemical Monitoring by

HKPU/ EPD

Traffic-related air quality study by HKUST

PM Study by HKUST / EPD

Photochemical air quality

Study by HKPU/ EPD

PM study

Supersites Programme 超級站計劃 (1)

Yuen Long 元朗

Compliance monitoring (EPD)常規監測(環保

署負責)

TSP, RSP, PM2.5, O3, CO, SO2, NOx/NO

Supersite (EPD) 超級站監測 (環保署負責)

Speciated VOC

Tsuen Wan 荃灣

Compliance monitoring (EPD)常規監測

(環保署負責)

TSP, RSP, PM2.5, O3, CO, SO2, NOx/NO

Toxic Air Pollutants (EPD) 毒性空氣污染

物監測(環保署負責)

Speciated VOCs and OVOCs

Supersite (EPD) 超級站監測(環保署負責)

OC/EC, Sulphate

Hong Kong Polytechnic University 理工大學

Supersite 超級站監測

(supported by ECF 環境及自然保育基金支持

項目)

O3, NO, NO2, PAN, HNO3, HONO, N2O5, NOy,

H2O2, JNO2, TUV, CO, SO2, sulfate and nitrate,

SOA, aerosol number and size distribution,

size resolved chemistry, scattering and

absorption coefficients, PM

EPD 環保署負責

speciated VOC & OVOC

Hong Kong University of Science and

Technology 科技大學

Supersite monitoring supported by ECF

(HKUST) 超級站監測 (環境及自然保育基金

支持項目–科技大學負責):

PM2.5, VOC, CO, NOx, NH3, SO2, aerosol

components, concentration of cloud

condensation nuclei, hygroscopic growth of

aerosols, aerosol scattering profile

EPD 保署負責

Speciated VOC, inorganic components of

PM2.5

Tung Chung Supersite 東涌超越站

EPD – compliance monitoring 常規監測

(環保署負責)

TSP, RSP, PM2.5, O3, CO, SO2, NOx/NO

Supersite (EPD) 超級站監測 (環保署負責)

NOy/NO, CO & O3 (trace level), TNMHC,

CH4, speciated VOC, black carbon, OVOC

Hong Kong Polytechnic University

supported by ECF (理工大學負責由環境

及自然保育基金支持項目)

PAN, HNO3, NO2, HONO, N2O5, H2O2,

JNO2, sulfate, nitrate, SOA, aerosol

number and size distribution, size resolved

chemistry, scattering and absorption

coefficients

Hok Tsui Supersite (Background) 鶴咀超級站(背景點)

Supported by EPD 環保署負責

RSP, PM2.5, O3, CO, SO2, NOx/NO

Hong Kong Polytechnic University-EPD Collaboration - supported by ECF

(理工大學/環保署合作 - 環境及自然保育基金支持項目):

NOy, NH3, TNMHC, CH4, PAN, HONO, H2O2, Speciated VOC, OVOC, black

carbon, light scattering, water soluble ions, visibility, PM speciation, OC/EC

Air Quality Monitoring

Network

空氣監測網絡

Note註解:

Environment and

Conservation Fund (ECF)

環境及自然保育基金

Supersites Programme 超級站計劃 (2)

Advanced instruments 利用更精密監測儀器

PTR-MS MARGA

Intercomparisons 數據/監測儀器比對

Technical training 技術培訓

Real-time monitoring and data analyses 實時監測及數據分析

Supersites Programme - HK-GD Collaboration 超級站監測計劃 -粵港兩地聯防聯控合作

Information sharing 信息交流 (science meeting 科學研討會)

Guangdong Supersite at Heshan, Jiangmen

江門鶴山超級站

Background site at Nanling Reserve

廣東南岭國家公園背景站 Data sharing and analyses 數據交流及分析

Technical training 技術培訓

Take home message 總結

More regional “co-prevention and control”

collaboration will further improve local and

PRD regional air quality

進一步的粵港大氣聯防聯控合作，將同步

改善本港及珠江三角洲區域空氣質量

Thank you 謝謝