ACL損傷のメカニズム - chiba-orthopaedics.com · Mechanisms of ACL injury in professional...
Transcript of ACL損傷のメカニズム - chiba-orthopaedics.com · Mechanisms of ACL injury in professional...
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ACL損傷のメカニズム
千葉大学大学院医学研究院整形外科学
木村 青児
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ガイドライン(2012)
女子ハンドボール インタビュー+ビデオ解析
plant-and-cut:ほぼ膝伸展位で外反、外旋位または内旋位
ジャンプ着地:ほぼ膝伸展位で外反、外旋位
Olsen OE Am J Sports 2004
バスケット ビデオ解析
ACL損傷は着地後17-50msec内で生じた
女子選手の方が外反位で崩れるケースが5.3倍高かった
Krosshaug T Am J Sports 2007
膝の軽度屈曲位、内旋位あるいは外旋位での
外反collapseによる受傷頻度が高い
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受傷メカニズムの研究手法
Krosshaug T Br J Sports 2005
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聞き取り調査
0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%
Mountcastle(2007)
Boden(2000)
Myklebust(1997)
非接触型 接触型
約7割は非接触型
受傷機転:ストップやカッティングなどの 減速性動作で好発
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臨床所見(MRI)
Viskontas 2008
Bone Bruiseの好発部位 ⇒大腿骨外側顆中央部 外側脛骨プラトー後方部
膝関節外反・内旋と脛骨前方変位
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臨床所見(MRI)
Kim SY Am J Sports 2015
Flexion angle : 12° Anterior tibial translation : 22mm Internal tibial rotation : 15° Valgus rotation : 5°
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ビデオ解析
・方向転換や着地などの急な減速動作において、体幹後傾位かつ膝関節伸展位 Boden BP Ortho. 2000
・切り返しや片脚着地において、膝関節伸展域での脛骨内旋または外旋 Olsen OE Am J Sports 2004
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ビデオ解析
Mechanisms of ACL injury in professional rugby union: a systematic video analysis of 36 cases
Montgomery C Br J Sports 2016
・半分以上が接触による損傷
・非接触型ではside-stepping manoeuvreでの
○膝屈曲角度が小さいこと
○heel-firstでの接地
がACL損傷に関連
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ビデオ解析
Mechanisms and situations of anterior cruciate ligament injuries in professional male soccer players: a YouTube-based video analysis
Alberto G Eur J Ortho 2017
・最初の10分間に多い
・penalty areaやside-line近くでの受傷が多い
・股関節屈曲内旋位での膝外反ストレス
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MBIM法
(model-based image-matching)
実際の受傷シーンのビデオに3次元モデルを
マッチさせ、3次元的なキネマティクスを推定する
ビデオ解析
欠点:視覚的分析による角度の推定はかなり
の誤差がある Krosshaug T Gait Posture 2007
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MBIM
Koga H Am J Sports 2010
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MBIM
Koga H Clin J Sports 2011
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MBIM
Koga H Clin J Sports 2011
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MBIM
接地後40msまでに急激な膝外反+内旋
40ms後、外旋に転じる
ACL損傷は接地後40ms付近で生じている可能性
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MBIM
外側コンパートメントの圧迫
大腿骨外顆の後方偏位(脛骨内旋)
大腿骨内顆の後方偏位(脛骨外旋)
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Cadaver研究
Meyer EG J Biomech. 2008
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Cadaver研究
膝30度屈曲位で脛骨大腿関節(FT関節)圧縮力
脛骨が前方に偏位していき、ACL断裂
断裂前までは内旋したが、断裂直後から外旋
⇒ACL損傷受傷時の膝関節外旋運動は断裂後に
起こっていた可能性
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Cadaver研究
体重4倍のFT関節圧縮力と脛骨内旋トルクを 繰り返し負荷
平均21回で8/10例でACL断裂 ⇒1回の突発的な外力で起こるのみでなく、
繰り返し加わるストレスによっても起こりうる
膝関節外反位接地を繰り返すことにより ACLが摩耗し破断閾値が低下する可能性
Lipps DB Am J Sports 2013
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In vivo研究
歪みゲージをACL前内側線維束に埋め込んで生体内のACL歪みを測定
Heijne A Mes Sci Sports 2004
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In vivo研究
MRIから三次元モデルを構築しACL長を計測
伸展位で最も長い
⇒伸展位での着地がリスクが高い
Utturkar GM Ann Biomes Eng 2013
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動作解析
前向きコホート
女子高生205人
Vertical Drop Jump
Hewett TE Am J Sports 2005
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動作解析
大きな膝関節外反角度およびモーメントを 呈した選手はACL損傷リスクが高い
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動作解析
前向きコホート
女子サッカー+ハンドボール選手710人
Vertical Drop Jump
接地時の外反角、最大屈曲角、内側偏位等
Krosshaug T Am J Sports 2016
The Vertical Drop Jump Is a Poor Screening Test for ACL Injuries in Female Elite Soccer and Handball Players
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動作解析
・膝の内側偏位が大きいことが
ACL断裂の唯一のrisk factor
・感度特異度は低いため、
スクリーニングには使えない
⇒Vertical Drop Jumpの測定項目は
ACL損傷のリスクとは相関しない
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シミュレーションモデル研究
外反モーメントと内旋モーメントを合わせると、それぞれ単独よりACLの歪みが大きくなる
Shin CS Med Sci Sports 2011
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アルペンスキー
Bere T Am J Sports 2011
アルペンスキーワールドカップのビデオ解析
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アルペンスキー
Bere T Am J Sports 2011
Slip-catch
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アルペンスキー Landing back-weighted
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アルペンスキー Dynamic snowplow
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アルペンスキー MBIM法(Slip-catch)
Bere T Am J Sports 2013
急激な屈曲、外反、内旋
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まとめ
ACL損傷の受傷メカニズムは、
膝関節外反・内旋+脛骨前方偏位の
3平面の負荷が有力
膝関節外旋も一つと考えられていたが、ACL断裂後に起こっている可能性
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