ACC-234 5405 05 2002 c1 - Cisco网络技术(Net130.Com) · ACC-234 5405_05_2002_c1 2G GSM ......


Deploying IP Services to Mobile Wireless Networks

Session ACC-234


Agenda: Deploying IP Services to Mobile Wireless Networks

• Intro and Market Overview• Data Overlay for GSM

GPRS Building Blocks, International Roaming—GRX

• Data Overlay for CDMACDMA Data Overlay Building Blocks, Interconnect Model

• Core IP Infrastructure Requirements• IP Services for Mobile Wireless Networks

Overview/Solution ComponentsService ControlContent BillingContent Optimization

• Summary, Glossary and Links


• Mobile access will extend internet reach

• Mobility will drive new applications and services

• By 2003*, more mobile terminals will have access to the Internet than PCs.

More than 2B Mobile terminals by 2005

50-80% data enabled

PC Cable Mobile1998 298M 199M 290M2003 550M 260M >1,000M

* Source: EMC

April 2002

1Billion

Mobile Wireless Market- More people will connect to Internet using Mobile Phone


NextGen Data Services Driving Data Services Demand

SMS Traffic > 1Billion/Day Services Offerings

• Prepay• Messaging: SMS, IM, MMS, UM,…• Personalization: Ringtones,

logos, etc.• Televoting and audience

interaction• Content: Branded and 3rd party• Who called?• Where’s my nearest?• Gaming: Interactive and mobile

dependent

Europe: 750 Million/DayItaly: 150 Million/Day

TIM: 30-60 Million/DaySMART: 50-100 Million/Day AWS: 1 Million/DayOrange: 50 Million/Day

Major Operators Worldwide


2G

GSMCkt Swt Data(2.4-9.6kbps)

TDMAT1A/IS-136

2.5 or 2G Enhancements

64 Kbps

144Kbps

384Kbps

1 Mbps

Cdma20001xTreme DVUp to 5 Mbps

Cdma20003xRTT

Up to 5 Mbps

IS-136 HS Indoor

2 Mbps

3G

cdmaOneT1A/IS-95Ckt Swt Data(14.4 Kbps)

IS-136+Up to

64kbps

IS-136 HS Outdoor

Up to 384kbps

Cdma20001xRTT DV

Up to 144kbps

GPRSUp to

171kbps

EDGEUp to

384kbps

Cdma20001xEV HDR DOUp to 2.4 Mbps

WCDMA(UTRAN) Up to 2 Mbps

(Local)Up to 384 Kbps (Wide)

Mobile Wireless Evolution- Mobile Standard Evolution


Mobilephone

SS7BSC

BTS

BTS – Base Transceiver Stationradio interface

BSC – Base Station Controllerradio resource management

MSC – Mobile Switching Centermobility functions

GMSC – Gateway Mobile Switching Centergateway to PSTN

VLR – Visitors Location RegisrarHLR – Home Location Registrar

authentication functionAuC – Authentication CenterEIR – Equipment Identity Registrar

Voice CODEC:Full rate: 13.6 kbpsHalf rate: 8 kbps

Compression starts at handset and is decompressed at BSC or MSC

MSC

GMSC

PSTN

Air Interface Network (IS 41 or GSM MAP)

• MSC controls many BSCs• BSC controls many BTSs• BTS (usually) has 3 sectors

3 x T1/E1n x T3/STM1n x T3/E3

DACS

SMSC

V-mail

HLR AuC

EIR

VLR

SGSN

GGSN

PDSN

PCF PCU

V.110

Internet72xx

72xx

AS5xxx

Mobile Wireless Evolution- Generic Mobile Wireless Architecture


BTSSGSN

Corporate Network

Corporate Network

FirewallFirewall

InternetInternet

Internal Packet

Network

Internal Packet

Network

Public Land Mobile Network

(PLMN)

BSCGGSN

(Cisco 7206VXR and Cisco IOS®)

GGSN(Cisco 7206VXR and Cisco IOS®)

GPRS Solution OverviewHLR

SSG/CSG/COESSG/CSG/COE

Security Server

(RADIUS)

Security Server

(RADIUS)DNS

ServerDNS

ServerDHCP ServerDHCP ServerManagementManagement Charging

Gateway Charging Gateway

Cisco Data Solution is Shown in RedRest of the Solution Including the RAN (BTS, BSC), SGSN, HLR and Charging

GW Are Supplied by the Traditional Telecom Suppliers Such as Motorola, Alcatel, Ericsson or Nokia or Nortel or Siemens or Others

Border Gateway Router

Border Gateway Router


PPP PDP Type Support PPP Terminated in GGSN

Gn Gi

IP Address Allocation and Configuration Options Retrieval

GGSNGGSN

RADIUS

PLMN IP Backbone

IPCP Negotiation (IP @, DNS @, etc…)

Authentication (PAP, CHAP, etc.)Authentication (PAP, CHAP, etc.)

IP Pkts

Authentication and Configuration Option Retrieval

Authentication and Configuration Option Retrieval

PSTN

DHCP

PPPPPPPPPPPP


Single APNBenefits:• Easier provisioning of the

HLR and DNS• Better scalability for a

huge number of corporate/ISP

• Better flexibility to select network access point

GGSNGGSNSGSN

Local AAA

CorporateA

CorporateB

CorporateC

PLMN IP Backbone

CreatePDPContext (APN=corporate, PCO= username/passwd)

AAAThe Domain part of the Username is Used to Select the Local or

Corporate AAA Server

MS

User Enters Username: login@domain

Extracts Username from PCO, the Domain (e.g. CorporateA.com) Is

Used to Select the Destination Network; the Complete Username

Is Used to Do Authentication


What Makes 3G

• Air interface: GSM/TDMA →WCDMA• BTS → Node-B• BSC → RNC• MSC (still handling voice in R4)• Packet voice (VoIP) in R5

MSC decomposition• GPRS: GTPv0 → GTPv1.0

GTP-C (UDP 2123) GTP-U (UDP 2152)

• GTP messages


3G-GGSN

• Implements 3G-GGSN as defined in 3GPP Release 99

• Support GTP version 1 (R99) and GTP version 0 (R97/98)

• Multiple PDP contexts per IP address for QoS (one QoS profile is associated to one PDP context)

• Enhanced QoS since UMTS radio is QoS aware (RAN involved in QoS negotiation during PDP context activation)


3G Architecture

Core NetworkExternal

Voice/DataNetworks

DUu

Iur

Uu

IubIub

IubIub

Cu

Cu

RNSRNS

RNSRNS

UTRAN

Gr

Gn

H

Iu-cs

Iu-ps

Gi

Access NetworkUser Equipment

PSTNISDN

InternetIntranet

CorporateExtranet

AUCAUC

GMSCGMSC

SMS-GMSCSMS-GMSC

HLRHLR

SMS-IWMSCSMS-

IWMSC

MSCMSC

GGSNGGSN

RNCRNC

RNCRNC

Node-BNode-B

Node-BNode-B

MEME

MEME

USIMUSIM

USIMUSIM

SGSNSGSN


EnterpriseSubscribers

Global Network Infrastructure Global Network Infrastructure

BorderGateways

Mobile Network

Operator A

GRX NetworkMobile Network

Operator B

Mobile Network

Operator C

GPRS Roaming Exchange

GPRS Roaming Exchange

Mobile Network

Operator DRoot DNS

Servers

BorderGateway

BorderGateway

GRX Network



CentralExchangePoint

GRPS Roaming Network Architecture


Cisco CNR

Visited Networkabc.gprs

Visited Networkabc.gprs

Home Networkxyz.gprs

Home Networkxyz.gprs

V-SGSN

Cisco CNR

GRXGRX

3. DNSRequest

3. DNSRequest

H-GGSN1.1.1.1

1. Activate PDP Context Request

2. DNS Request(APN Name:

xyz.gprs)

4. DNSResponse

4. DNSResponse

5. DNS Response(APN Name: xyz.gprs

IP Address: 1.1.1.1) Cisco Access Registrar

RADIUS Server6. PDP Context Create Request7. PDP Context Create Response

XYZ MS

Data Session Setup while Roaming

Permit DNS Request from

[VPLMN]

Cisco Network Registrar DNS Entry

xyz.gprs 1.1.1.1abc.gprs 2.2.2.2

:

• Large number of AAA requests per second• Triggered DNS updates


2 Different Scenarios for Roaming

VSGSNVSGSN

Roaming MS

1. MS Registered on VPLMN Using VSGSN and HGGSN

2. MS Uses VSGSN and VGGSN Using VPLMN GPRS Backbone

GRX InterGPRS Network

HGGSNHGGSN

BGBG

External PDNInternet

VSGSNVSGSN

Roaming MSPLMN

Interconnect

VGGSNVGGSNExternal PDN

Internet


Operator-DCEOperator-A

CE

Operator-ACE

Operator-ECEOperator-C

CE

PE PE

PE

Home GRX MPLS VPN

PE/ASBR

Other GRX Provider

PE

PE

Operator-FCE

MP-EBGPPE PE/ASBR

MPLS VPN Implementation

Benefits• Security—MPLS routing paths and network visibility is VPN specific • Flexibility—Operators may use private addressing without Network Address Translation• Simplified Network Administration—No need to configure a PVC mesh• Scalability—MPLS solutions scale to very large networks with thousands of devices as well

as extending across Inter-PLMN network segments • Extensive Platform Support—Cisco 2600, 3600, 4000, 7200/7500, 12000, Catalyst 6500


3G Packet Data Architecture

Home IP Network

HomeAAA

Mobile Station

Home ISPPrivate NetworkVisited ProviderHome Provider

Visited AccessProvider Network VLR

Radio Access Network

R-PInterface

HLR

Home AccessProvider NetworkAAA

ServerAAA Broker Network

PDSNHA

R-P Interface A10/A11 MIP/GRE

FAMS

Visited AAA

RAN

SS7Network

IPNetwork


R-P Interface

Home IP Network

HomeAAA

Mobile StationMobile Client

Home ISPPrivate NetworkVisited ProviderHome Provider

Visited AccessProvider Network MSC/

VLR

Access Network

R-PInterface

HLR

Home AccessProvider Network

AAA Server

AAA Broker Network

PDSN

HA


Visited AAA

SS7Network

FA7xxx

IPNetwork


R-P Interface Functionality

• Signaling path (A11)IS-2001 (TR45.4) Mobile IP-based signaling protocolEmbedded accounting information in RADIUS format

• Data path (A10)GRE tunneling with Key (session ID) and sequencingShared tunnels for R-P interface “sessions”


Access Modes

• Simple IPSimple IP access based on MSIDSimple IP routing access based on username/NAISimple IP VPDN access based on NAIL2F, L2TP and PPTP

• Mobile IPMobile IP access without PPP authenticationMobile IP access with PPP authenticationProxy Mobile IP access


CDMA-2000 Simple IP Protocol Reference Model

IP

PPP

MAC

Airlink

LAC

IP

PL

LinkLayer

IP

PL

LinkLayer

R-P

PLPL

R-P

Airlink

LAC

MAC

PPP

MobileStation RN PDSN End

Host


CDMA-2000 Mobile IP Data Protocol Reference Model

IP

PPP

MAC

Airlink

LAC

IP/IPsec

PL

LinkLayer

R-P

PLPL

R-P

Airlink

LAC

MAC

PPP

MobileStation RN PDSN

IP

PL

LinkLayer

EndHost

PL

LinkLayer

HA

IP

LinkLayer

IP

IP/IPsec

PL


Key PDSN Functions

• Access gatewaySimple IP and mobile IP access

• Client for AAA server• IP address assignment

Simple IP—PDSN (IPCP)Mobile IP—HA to PDSN to MS

RNPL

R-P

Airlink

LACMAC

IP

MACAirlink

LAC

MS PDSNPL

Link LayerR-P

PL

IP

PPPPPP PPPPPPIP/IPsec

GREGRE


AAA

HA

IPNetwork

IPNetwork

End Host

Pi Interface

PDSN/FA BSC, PCF

BTS

Radio Access Network (RAN)

Mobile Station


PDSN/FA HA

Key PDSN Functions (Cont.)

• Foreign agent support• Packet transport for VPNs

HA

IP

PLPL

IP

PL

RNPL

R-P

Airlink

LACMAC

IP

MACAirlink

LAC

MS PDSNPL

Link LayerR-P

PL

IP

PPPPPP PPPPPP Link Layer

Link Layer

Link Layer

IP/IPSecIP/IPSec IP/IPSecIP/IPSec

GRE or IP-in-IPGRE or IP-in-IP

End-to-End IP CommunicationAPPs APPs

End Host

BSC, PCF

BTSMobile Station

IPNetwork

IPNetwork

GREGRE

Mobility Binding Table:MN COA1.1.1.3 10.31.1.11.1.1.7 10.31.1.1

Mobility Binding Table:MN COA1.1.1.3 10.31.1.11.1.1.7 10.31.1.1


Key PDSN Functions (Cont.)

• Inter-BSC/PCF and inter-PDSN hand-off

BSCs, PCFs PDSN/FA

HA

IPNetwork

IPNetwork

End Host

Mobile Station

AAA

HA

IP

PLPL

IP

PL

RNPL

R-P

Airlink

LACMAC

IP

MACAirlink

LAC

MS PDSNPL

Link LayerR-P

PL

IP

PPPPPP PPPPPP Link Layer

Link Layer

Link Layer

IP/IPsecIP/IPsec IP/IPsecIP/IPsec

GRE or IP-in-IPGRE or IP-in-IP

End-to-End IP CommunicationAPPs APPs

End HostGREGRE

IP Network


ISP HA

Corporate-Y

HA

InternetRAN

BSC/PCF

RANBSC/PCF

RANBSC/PCF

Core NetworkAccess NetworkHA

AAABGPDSN/FA

MTSOCell Site

Z O N E 1

Zone 2Zone 3

CDMA2000 Data Network Architecture


Key IP Elements for Wireless Operator Data Networks

• IP Address Administration• Filtering and Quality of Service• Traffic Engineering• Service Level Agreements• Security


Problem—IP Administration Overhead

• Issues include—Address administration that facilitates route summarization and filtering/QoS assignment

Dynamic IP address range assignmentsUse of private/public addresses for network devices and subscribers

• Ongoing administration aided by triggered database updates

• IPv6 and IPv4 interoperation?


Why a Larger Address Space Is Needed

• Overall Internet traffic is still growing at 400%/year worldwide

~320 million users in 2000, ~550 million by 2005

• New Internet appliances for home users will be always-on • 405 million mobile phone users in 2000, over 1 billion

by 2005UMTS Release 5 is Internet Multimedia, 1/3 of 1B should get connected

• Emerging population/geopolitical and address spaceChina, India, Japan, Korea needs global IP addressesHow to move to e-Economy without Global Internet access?

• ~1 billion cars in 2010, 15% should get GPS and Yellow Page services

Links: http://www.arin.net/ , http://www.apnic.org/ , http://www.ripe.net/


Version Traffic Class Flow LabelPayload Length Next Header Hop Limit

Source Address ( 128 Bit Address )

Destination Address ( 128 Bit Address )

32 Bits

The IPv6 and IPv4 Headers

Shaded Fields Are Absent from IPv6 HeaderShaded Fields Are Absent from IPv6 Header

Version Total Length

32 Bits

Prec TOS

Time to Live ProtocolSource Address

Destination Address

IPv6 HeaderIPv6 Header

IPv4 HeaderIPv4 HeaderFragment OffsetFragment OffsetFlagsFlagsIdentificationIdentification

Header ChecksumHeader Checksum

PaddingPaddingOptionsOptions

Hdr LenHdr Len


Edge IPv6 Infrastructure:

IPv6 Enterprise

IPv6 Enterprise

IPv6 over IPv4 Internet:IPv6 over IPv4 Internet:

Mobile DataMobile Data

Mobile DataMobile Data

Translating Gateway

Translating Gateway

IPv6 Enterprise

IPv6 Enterprise

IPv6—IPv4Transport Interoperability

• IPv6 over IPv4 Internet• Any Cisco IOS 12.2(1)T

routers can be used as IPv6 router

6to4 tunnelIPv4 compatible IPv6

• No impact on existing IPv4 or MPLS infrastructure

Links: http://www.cisco.com/warp/public/732/Tech/ipv6/

Translating Gateway

Translating Gateway

Service ProviderIPv4 or MPLS Backbone

IPv4 Enterprise


Integrated Services (IntServ)

• Per Flow State• RSVP as the Signaling

Protocol

Differentiated Services (DiffServ)

• No State• Per Aggregate Behavior

QoS

High ScalabilityPoor Scalability

IntServ vs DiffServ


Three Bits Used for CoS(User Priority)

Len

Standard IPV4: Three MSB Called IP Precedence(DiffServ May Use Six D.S. Bits Plus Two for Flow Control)

Ethernet802.1Q/pEthernet802.1Q/p

Layer 3IPV4Layer 3IPV4

ID Offset TTL Proto FCS IP-SA IP-DA

FCSDATAPTTAG4 Bytes

TAG4 BytesSADASFDPREAM.

L2/L3 Priority Fields

COS AssignmentClassification Levels Assigned by Access Control Lists in the Switch Hardware

Classification and Input Control is Configured by Defining Access Control Lists in the Switch HardwareClassification and Input Control is Configured by Defining Access Control Lists in the Switch Hardware

Standard Access ListsExtended Access ListsReflexive Access ListsDynamic Access Lists

IP SA/DA (with Mask), Ingress Port, Source/Destination L4 Port (with Mask)

Access Control Lists—Access Control Lists—

DataVersionLength

ToS1 ByteToS

1 Byte


MPLS Label Format

MPLS uses a 32-bit label field that contains the following information:

20-bit label (a number)3-bit experimental field (usually used to carry IP precedence

value)1-bit bottom-of-stack indicator (indicates whether this is the

last label before the IP header)8-bit TTL (equal to the TTL in IP header)

LABEL EXP S TTL0 19 22 23 3120 24


Classification

QoS Architecture

Identify & split

traffic intodifferent classes

Prioritize, protect &

isolate traffic

based on markings

Mark traffic

according to

behavior and

business policies

PolicingMarking

Queuing& Sharing

Shaping

Discard misbehaving

traffic tomaintain network integrity

Control bursts and conform

traffic


DiffServ

MPLS TE with Best Effort Network

MPLSPE

PE

PE

PE

P

P

P

P

CE

CEDiffServ

• MPLS TE defines the path packets follow to meet constrain (e.g. bandwidth)

• LSRs advertise a single available bandwidth via IGP

• All packets receive best-effort service


MPLS TE with DiffServ Network

MPLSPE

PE PE

P

P

P

P

DiffServ

PE

CE

CEDiffServ

• MPLS TE defines packet path independent of packet scheduling

• LSRs advertise a single available bandwidth via IGP

• Packets are scheduled at every hop according to EXP marking regardless of LSP


MPLS DS-TE with DiffServ Network

MPLSPE

PE

PE

PE

P

P

P

P

DiffServ

CE

CEDiffServ

• LSRs advertise multiple available bandwidths (currently two) via IGP

• Aggregate admission control against a particular bandwidth pool

• Packets are scheduled at every hop according to EXP marking regardless of LSP

• Packets should be routed based on expected QoS


PR

OV

ISIO

NIN

G &

MO

NIT

OR

ING

PR

OV

ISIO

NIN

G &

MO

NIT

OR

ING

VPNsVPNsMultimediaVideo Conference,

Collaborative Computing

MultimediaVideo Conference,

Collaborative Computing

Mission Critical Services

Mission Critical ServicesVoIPVoIP

HybridHybridMPLSMPLSDiffServDiffServIntServIntServ

Signaling Techniques (RSVP, DSCP*, ATM (UNI/NNI))Signaling Techniques (RSVP, DSCP*, ATM (UNI/NNI))

Link Efficiency Mechanisms (Compression, Fragmentation)Link Efficiency Mechanisms (Compression, Fragmentation)

Congestion Avoidance Techniques (WRED)Congestion Avoidance Techniques (WRED)

Congestion Management Techniques (WFQ, CBWFQ, LLQ)Congestion Management Techniques (WFQ, CBWFQ, LLQ)

Classification & Marking Techniques (DSCP, MPLS EXP, NBAR, etc.)Classification & Marking Techniques (DSCP, MPLS EXP, NBAR, etc.)

FrameRelay

FrameRelay PPP

HDLC

PPPHDLC SDLCSDLC ATM, POSATM, POS FE,Gig.E

10GE

FE,Gig.E10GE Wireless

Fixed,Mobile

WirelessFixed,Mobile BroadBand

Cable,xDSL

BroadBandCable,xDSL

PO

LIC

Y-B

AS

ED

NETW

OR

KIN

GP

OLIC

Y-B

AS

ED

NETW

OR

KIN

G

Traffic Conditioners (Policing, Shaping)Traffic Conditioners (Policing, Shaping)

Cisco QoS Framework


IPSEC Tunnel and Transport Modes of Operation

Operator-BOperator-AIPSec Tunnel Mode Between Operators’ BGs/FW

SGSN GGSN

IPSec Transport Mode Between Operators’ xGSN

GRX Provider


Service Level Management: Components and Verification

Intelligent Network Infrastructure

Service Level ManagementService Level Management

VoIPVoIP StreamingStreaming

Monitor Complete SLA MetricsMonitor Complete SLA Metrics

Integrated SLA Mgt Data forEnd-to-End View

Integrated SLA Mgt Data forEnd-to-End View

Partner EcosystemPartner Ecosystem

Key Service Level Management Success Factors

Key Service Level Management Success Factors

Key Business Initiatives and Success Factors

Key Business Initiatives and Success Factors

Policy-based NetworkingPolicy-based Networking

QoSQoSVPNVPN

E-BusinessE-Business


Mobile Services Essentials

Data Center

Ethernet

WLAN

LiveGPRS

Home AgentForeign Agent

Foreign Agent

Foreign Agent

Streaming Media

AccessRoaming

Download Music

End Services

Secure Access

WAP GWMobile CDN‘The Portal’

Service ControlAccess Mobility

PrepayPrepay


Key Benefits

• Single user authentication to multiple services• Intelligent user control—Redirect service, don’t

revoke it!• Zero-leakage data prepay for multiple

simultaneous services…• …Whilst seamlessly roaming between access

networks…• …and having you, your device and your browser

recognised


Ethernet

WLAN

LiveGPRS

Foreign Agent

Foreign Agent

Foreign Agent

AccessRoaming

Various Access Technologies

Ethernet Port

Cisco WLAN Card

Serial Handset Connection

Home Agent

GPRS APN


Seamless Mobility Solution

• Key to mobility is MIP (RFC 2002)• Seamless data handoff between access

technologies• Client chooses interface based on

configurable preferences

EnterpriseIntranet

Home Network

HA

RANRAN

E-NETE-NET

Client

GGSNPDSN

GW

GW

*Beware of MIP over NAT*Beware of MIP over NAT

WLANWLAN

Internet


Integrated Service Architecture - Mobile IP for Seamless Data Service

IOS HA/FAwith COA 1.1.1.1

PDSN FAwith COA 2.2.2.2

IP Cloud

HA

Read/Write

IP Cloud

ApplicationServer

Roaming

Application

CDMA

MoIP Kernel

Read/Write

Application

MoIP Kernel

Read/WriteNetwork Driver Initiated , But,No impact on Application

CDMA1x or 1xEV-DO PPP

WLAN

Read/WriteCDMA WLAN

AP802.1x Link

Mobile IP Binding Table Update

1.1.1.13.3.3.3

2.2.2.23.3.3.3

Care-ofAddress

HomeAddress

3.3.3.3

4.4.4.4

Roaming

3.3.3.3

5.5.5.5

Address Learned from1x IPCP or “No Addr” Option

Address Learned fromDHCP


Mobile Multiservices Typical Overall Logical Architecture

GGSN/PDSN Load

Balancing

AAARADIUS

RADIUS Load

Balancing Service Selection Content

Servers

Content Services

Load Balancing

Load Balancing

Record Generation for Accounting/ Billing

Record Generation for Accounting/ Billing

Content Optimization/

Transformation

Content Optimization/

Transformation

CSG

CSG

CSG

COE590

COE590

COE590

COE590


The Mobile Operator Can Offer a Range of Service Options

• IP Bearer ServiceThe most basic service

• Application ServiceConnectivity to a particular service

• Content ServicesRich set of servicesGaming, MMS, VPN etc.


GPRS Corporate Access

• SSG acts as Proxy-RADIUS when users with the consumer APN are requesting activation of a PDP context

• Consumer is issued with corporate scoped address and builds host object; (requires subscriber will be NATed for Walled Garden Services)

• The user is connected via L2TP tunnel (defined in corporate service object) to the corporate site; (L2TP switching used to reduce number of L2TP tunnels to corporate LNS)

• Volume-based tariff/billing

SGSN

IPGiGn

GTP

Radius AR

GGSNGGSN COPORATE(LNS) or IPSEC

Operator AAALDAP Directory Corp AAA

6400LNS/LAC

L2TP Switching

SSGSSG


Network Service ArchitectureAccess Independent

RADIUSand SESM

Walled GardenWalled GardenVideoVideo ContentContent VoiceVoice

Notebook

PDA

WAP

PC

INTRANET

INTERNET

CONTENT

INTRANET

INTERNET

CONTENT

Dial-Up5300/5400

L2TPL2TP

User Has Access to Services Regardless of Connection

CocaCola VPN

CocaCola VPN

GGSN, PDSN and HA

Leased Line

DSL

SSG Go-FastInternetGo-FastInternet

ASP 1ASP 1

ASP 2ASP 2


Mobile Multi-Services Service Edge Subscriber Mgr (SESM): Logical View

Subscriber:• Account Self-care• Sub account

creation/management• Service self-

subscription/Selection• Per subscriber policy-based

Admin/Content Provider:• Publish/Manage Services• Policy administration• Region Management• Content Delivery Management• Account creation

PPP/Bridged/Routed

Video VoiceHTTP

Walled Garden

Service Edge Subscriber Manager Directory

LDAPLDAPPersonalized

Portal!

Users and

Services

Company AIP VPN

Internet

SESM

SSGSSG


Service Selection

Enable Service

Selection

SSG Service Types

Service Access

SSGSSGProxyProxy

PassthruPassthru

UsernamePassword

TunnelTunnel

Auto Services Logon (Based on User Configured Settings) Upon Simple IP or Mobile IP Session Setup

Internet Access

Accessing Content Partner

Networks

Corporate Access


SSG User-Context Routing

Host Objects

SSG Dynamic User-Context (User-ID )

User INTERNETINTERNET

VODVOD

ISPISP

Host-Obj

ServiceObjects

Connection Objects


SSG Multi User-Context RoutingUser

Service-Objects

Service Selection Gateway

10.1.1.10

11.1.1.10

12.1.1.10

INTERNETINTERNET

CORPCORP

ISPISP

Host-Obj

Host-Obj

Host-Obj


350 Packets

Cis

coC

isco

Med

iatio

n Pa

rtne

r

www.amazon.comwww.buyit.comwww.amazon.com

600 Packets

1 MP3 File and 2000 Packets

350 Packets of General Browsing => Included in Basic Access600 Packets for Ad Banners => Charge to buyit.com1 MP3 Event and 2000 Packets of Premium Content => Bill per Rating Plan

350 Packets of General Browsing => Included in Basic Access600 Packets for Ad Banners => Charge to buyit.com1 MP3 Event and 2000 Packets of Premium Content => Bill per Rating Plan

Content-based Billing

Customer: John SmithGeneral Browsing for Preferred Customer = No Charge

Customer: Buyit.comAdvertising: $.02 x 600 = $12.00

Customer: John SmithPurchase for Premium Rap Music: …rap2.mp3:

$2 per mp3event + $.004 x 2000 = $8.00

Billable Items for this Transaction

/index.htm/banners/banners/music/rap/rap2.mp3

/index.htm/banners/banners/music/rap/rap2.mp3


Benefits of the Content Billing (CSG)

• Advanced content measurementContent deciphered based on actual object requestedURLs, host name, directories, files

• Enhanced user-awareness capabilityIdentifies users to enable billing by user, by transactionUsername → IP address mappingObject-based billing

• Open interface with multiple billing agentsXML, CSG collects billing information and send agent


Sample Data Reported

• All recordsUser ID, session duration, bytes uploaded/downloaded, protocol transport, acknowledgement

• TCPContent transfer size excluding retransmitted data, connection termination type, initiator

• HTTPURL, host name, file, directory


Mobile Wireless Network

HTML, XML, WML

XML

WML,CHTML

HTML,pHTML

HTML

Deliver Existing PC-Centric Content and Applications Seamlessly to Wireless Devices

Existing Content Many Types of Devices

Mobile Content Delivery: The Challenge


Content Delivery Problems and Solutions

• Problem: Inefficient transmission link (air interface) which results in up to 70% overhead addition due to bit error rate (BER), latency, and fading

• Solution: TCP optimization• Problem: Bandwidth on wireless networks is typically

less than in wired ones, making HTML or rich-content download time lengthy if not impossible

• Solution: Image and text compression• Problem: Using one source of content to support

multiple devices• Solution: Transcoding of markup languages


Content Delivery Problems and Solutions (Cont.)

• Problem: Caching interface for scalability—Reduce CPU load in the backend plus saving WAN bandwidth

• Solution: Store multiple instances of the same content after first request

• Problem: Ability to build portals/e-business solutions that interface with external data sources for AAA, personalization, workflow, push messaging and database synchronisation

• Solution: Work with Ecosystem partners to interface to external data sources and workflow (Oracle, Tibco, etc.)


Content Optimization Engine:Architecture and Features

• High-end content engine• High-performance HTTP proxy• Service provider or enterprise

CPE implementation• TCP transport optimization for

wireless• Content-aware compression

and optimization• Generic transcoding of

markup languages and formats

• Device (~250) and user-aware content adaptation w/studio

• Interfaces to Ecosystem:Workflow/transactions systemMessaging servicesMultiple data interfaces

TCPProxy

Trans-coding

XFScript

SGMLParsing

SessionMgmt

Comp-ression

NativeMarkup

LanguageParsedContent

Customize Format For Device

Compress Content

OptimizeTransport

Cisco COE

XF Studio XF Studio

XML

WML

pHTML

HTML

CHTML

XML

WML

pHTML

HTML

CHTML

Cisco CE590

DeviceFormattedContent

DeviceFormattedContent


Summary

• GSM and CDMA data overlaysGateway functionalityRoaming, security, mobility

• Building an IP core is not trivialIP brings many benefitsNetwork should be designed carefullyIP management, QoS, Security, SLAs

• IP Services should be the focusVoice is still there, but data is the differentiatorService management is key—Multi-accessGranular billing—Content-basedContent optimization, using links efficiently


Glossary of Terms• AAA—Authentication Authorization

Accounting• ACL—Access Control List• API—Application Programming Interface• APN—Access Point Name• ASBR—Autonomous System Boundary

Router• BGP—Border Gateway Protocol• CBWFQ—Class-based Weighted Fair

Queuing• CE—Customer Edge• CG—Charging Gateway• CoS—Class of Service• DiffServ—Differentiated Services• DHCP—Dynamic Host Configuration

Protocol• DNS—Domain Name Server• DMZ—Demilitarized Zone• DoS—Denial of Service• DPT—Dynamic Packet Transport• DSCP—DiffServ Code Points• EBGP—Exterior Border Gateway Protocol

• FR—Frame Relay• FRTS—Frame Relay Traffic Shaping• GGSN—Gateway GPRS Support Node• GRX—GPRS Roaming Exchange• Gi—GGSN/PLMN interface to IP network• Gn—Intra-xGSN(SGSN/GGSN) interface• GTP—GPRS Tunneling Protocol• GTS—General Traffic Shaping• HSRP—Hot Standby Router Protocol• IBGP—Interior Border Gateway Protocol• ICMP—Internet Control Message Protcol• IDS—Intrusion Detection Sensors• IOS—Internet Operating System• IP—Internet Protocol• IPFR—IP Frame Relay• IPSec—IP Security• IPX—International Packet Exchange• ITP—IP Transfer Point


Glossary of Terms• L2TP—Layer 2 Tunneling Protocol• LDAP—Lightweight Directory Access

Protocol• LLQ—Low Latency Queueing• MN—Mobile Node• MPLS—Multi-Protocol Label Switching• MS—Mobile Station• NMS—Network Management System• OSPF—Open Shortest Path First• PDP—Packet Data Protocol• PE—Provider Edge• POS—Packet Over Sonet• PVC—Permanent Virtual Circuit• QoS—Quality of Service• RADIUS—Remote Authentication Dial-In

User Service• SGSN—Serving GPRS Support Node • SLA—Service Level Agreement• SLB—Server Load Balancing

• SESM—Subscriber Edge Service Manager• SSG—Service Selection Gateway• SMS—Short Message Service• SNMP—Simple Network Management

Protocol• TCP—Transmission Control Protocol• TDM—Time Division Multiplexing• TOD—Time of Day• ToS—Type of Service• VLAN—Virtual Local Area Network• VNO—Virtual Network Operator• VoIP—Voice over Internet Protocol (IP)• VPDN—Virtual Private Dial-up Network• VPN—Virtual Private Network• VTMS—Versatile Traffic Management

System• WAN—Wide Area Network• WRED—Weighted Random Early

Detection


Important Links

• http://www.3gpp.org/• http://www.3gpp2.org/• http://www.gsmworld.com• http://www.cisco.com/warp/public/779/servpro/solutions/wireles

s_mobile/gprs.html• http://www.cisco.com/warp/public/779/servpro/solutions/wireles

s_mobile/pdsn.html• http://www.cisco.com/warp/public/732/Tech/mpls/• http://www.cisco.com/warp/public/732/Tech/ipv6/• http://www.arin.net/• http://www.apnic.org/• http://www.ripe.net/


Deploying IP Services to Mobile Wireless Networks

Session ACC-234


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Session ACC-234

ACC-234 5405 05 2002 c1 - Cisco网络技术(Net130.Com) · ACC-234 5405_05_2002_c1 2G GSM ......

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