aaMicro Gen Patho Q&A (1)

8/12/2019 aaMicro Gen Patho Q&A (1)

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MICROBIOLOGY AND

GEN. PATHOLOGY

Q&A

Gianina Camille S. Gamboa, DMD



Endospores are characteristic of

the genera:

a. Clostridium and Mycobacterium

b. Streptococcus and Escherichia

c. Clostridium and Bacillusd. Chlamydia and Bacillus



n o ox ns are elipopolysaccharide component of

the cell wall ofa. Gram positive bacteria

b. Gram negative bacteria

c. Both gram positive and gramnegative bacteria



Properties of Exotoxins and

Endotoxins

Property Exotoxin Endotoxin

Organism Gram positive and

gram negative

Gram negative

Composition Proteins Lipopolysaccharid

e

Released by the

organism

Yes No

Toxoids (vaccines) Yes No

Degree of toxicity Very potent Less potent



A fungal infection that may develop inpeople who have poorly controlled

diabetes is called:

a. Aspergillosis

b. Mucormycosis

c. Coccidiomycosis

d. Blastomycosis

e. Cryptomycosis



Susceptible Populations

Mucormycosis Diabetic ketoacidosis,

burrns, lukemia

Cryptococcosis AIDS Aspergillosis AIDS, Organ transplant

patients

(Immunosuppressed)

Candidiasis Long term steroidtreatment



A bacteriophage:

a. Is a bacterium that phagocytoses other

organisms

b. Is a bacterium that becomes

phagocytosed by other organisms

c. Is a virus that infects bacteria

d.

Is a fragment of DNA



Which group of viruses possesses anRNA genome that does not function as

a positive or negative sense molecule

but acts as a template for theproduction of viral DNA

a. Coronavirus

b. Picornavirusc. Retrovirus

d. Togavirus



Nice to know:

RNA VIRUSES DNA VIRUSES

Transcription occurs in

the cytoplasm exceptfor:

•RETROVIRUSES

•INFLUENZA

Transcription occurs in

the nucleus except for:•POXVIRUSES

Transcription involves

an RNA-DEPENDENT

RNA POLYMERASE

except

Transcription involves a

HOST-CELL

DEPENDENT RNA

POLYMERASE



Which virus possesses the capability for

antigenic shifts allowing it to cause

epidemics?

a. Mumps

b. Measles

c. Influenzad. Epstein-Barr



REYE’S SYNDROME

Serious complication of an influenza B

infection

Acute pathologic condition affecting the

CNS and liver

Associated with children given aspirin to

treat the infection



e ery rogen c exo ox nproduced by Streptococcus

pyogenes causes:a. Gas gangrene

b. Bacterial dysentery

c. Scarlet fever

d. Tetanus

e. Food poisoning



The Zeihl-Neilssen stain may be

performed on any clinical specimen but

is most commonly used to detect the

presence of which bacteria?a. Escherichia coli

b. Treponema Pallidum

c. Clostridium botulinum

d. Mycobacteruim tuberculosis

e. Streptococcus pneumoniae



Acute osteomyelitis is usuallypolymicrobial in nature but

statistically, the one most

frequently encountered is:a. Actinomyces

b. Streptococcus

c. Staphylococcus

d. Bacteroides



rep ococca n ec on o euterus following delivery is known

as

a. Yaws

b. Dengue

c. Scarlet fever

d. Puerperal fever

e. Relapsing fever



Which infection when acquired during

pregnancy may cause congenital

abnormalities, mental retardation, heart

abnormalities and, encephalitis?

a. Rubella

b. Gonorrheac. Rubeola

d. Varicella

e. Herpes



The etiology of Herpangina is:

a. Coxsackie A

b. Coxsackie B

c. Idiopathic

d. Varicella



Histamine release within the body

causes all of the following except:

a. Increased capillary permeability

b.

Increased gastric acid secretionc. Bronchiolar constriction

d. A rise in blood pressure



The thymus and parathyroid glandsare missing or underdeveloped in

children with:

a. Sjogren’s Syndrome

b. DiGeorge Syndrome

c. Shy-Drager Syndromed. Peutz-Jeghers Syndrome



In Klinefelter’s syndrome, a male

has:

a. One X chromosome and one Y

chromosome

b. Two X chromosomes and one Ychromosome

c. One X chromosome and two Y

chromosomesd. Two X chromosomes and two Y

chromosomes



Chromosomal Abberations

Klinefelter’s

Syndrome

XXY

Down’s Syndrome Trisomy 21

Edward’s Syndrome Trisomy 18

Patau Syndrome Trisomy 13

Turner’s Syndrome X0

c o e o ow ng oes no



c o e o ow ng oes nomake up part of the Sjogren’s

triad?a. Rheumatoid arthritis

b. Xerostomia

c. Cranial Nerve VIII deafnessd. Keratoconjuctivitis sicca



Which disease is characterized by

a deficiency in hexosaminidase A?

a. Gaucher’s

b. Neimann-Pick

c.

Tay-Sach’s d. Pompe

e. Von Gierke

f. Mc Ardle

Heart failure cells are lung



Heart failure cells are lungmacrophages which contain pigment

granules known as:

a. Bilirubin

b. Melanin

c. Hemosiderrind. Hematin

e. Porphyrin



Which substances are known as

anaphylatoxins?

a. C5-C9

b. C3b

c. C3ad. LTD4



LTC4 , LTD4, LTE4 Slow reacting

substances of

anaphylaxisC3b Opsonization

C5b-C9 Membrane attack

complexC3a, C4a, C5a Anaphylatoxins

ema u w ow pro e n



ema u w ow pro e ncontent and a specific gravity of

<1.012

a. Transudate

b. Exudate

c. Serous effusion

d. Purulent exudate



______ are groups of molecules

synthesized in the liver and released

into the circulation in response to an

acute inflammation.

a. Cytochrome P450

b. Vit. K- dependent clotting factorsc. Hepatoglobulin

d. Hemagluttinin



What is a manifestation of bleedingcharacterized by extravasation into

the skin or mucous membranes?

a. Hemoptysis

b. Hematemesis

c. Petechiaed. Purpura

e. Hematoma

f. Ecchymosis



Hemoptysis Coughing up of blood

Hematemesis Vomiting of blood

Petechiae (1-2 mm) Small red or purple spots

caused by minor

hemorrhage secondary to

capillary breakagePurpura (3 – 10 mm) Red or purple discolorations

underneath the skin

secondary to vasculitis or

vit. C deficiency,Ecchymoses (greater than 1

cm)

Subcutaneous purpura

larger than 1 cm, Escape of

blood into the tissues from

ruptured blood vessels



Which of the following representslesions of tertiary syphilis? (all that

apply)a. Chancre

b. Mucous Patch

c. Gumma

d. Tabes Dorsalis

e. Paresis

f. Saddle nose



Leukemia is a group of bonemarrow diseases involving an

uncontrolled increase in:a. Erythrocytes

b. Platelets

c. Plasma Cellsd. Leukocytes



Epithelioid cells are derived from

macrophages and are important in the

development of:

a. Initial inflammation

b. Granulomatous inflammation

c. Acute inflammationd. Chronic inflammation



The most common type of

malignant melanoma is:

a. Superficial spreadingb. Lentigo maligna

c. Acral lentiginous

d. nodular



Characteristic cells of herpetic

lesions are known as:

a. Negri bodies

b. Lipschutz bodies

c. Lisch nodulesd. Reed-Sternberg cells

aaMicro Gen Patho Q&A (1)

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