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vFkZ'kkÚ osG flºkUrvFkZ'kkÚ osG flºkUr

Book Code : 7660

dher % nks lkS vLlh #i;k ek= (` 280.00)

ISBN : 978-93-5167-020-9

(B. Com. III)

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[PRINCIPLES OF ECONOMICS]

vFkZ'kkÚ osG flºkUrvFkZ'kkÚ osG flºkUr

MkW- vuqie vxzoky,e- ,- ] ih&,p- Mh-

,lksfl,V izksQslj ,oa foHkkxk/;kvFkZ'kkL=k foHkkx

deyk usg: HkkSfrd ,oa lkekftd foKku laLFkku] lqYrkuiqj

ºvFkZ'kkL=kΩ

,l ch ih Mh ifCyosG'kUl,l ch ih Mh ifCyosG'kUl

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Printing and Publishing rights with the Publisher.The material in this publication is copyrighted. No part of this book may

be reproduced or copied in any form or by any means without the written permission of the publisher. Breach of this condition is liable for legal action.

“The reading of all good books is like a conversation with the finest man.”

Note : Due care and diligence has been taken while editing and printing the book, neither the author nor the publisher of the book hold any responsibility for any mistake that may have inadvertently crept in.

Book Code : 7660

dher % nks lkS vLlh #i;k ek= (` 280.00)

uohu laLdj.k

,l ch ih Mh ifCyds 'kUl] 3/20B, vkxjk&eFkqjk ckbZikl jksM] fudV rqylh flusek] vkxjkµ282 002

nwjHkk"k % (0562) 2854327, 2527707, 3257009, 3208010, 4042977 eksckby % 09358177555, 09412258082-85

QSDl % (0562) 2858183; e-mail : sbpd.publications@gmail.com; website : www.sahityabhawan.com

ISBN : 978-93-5167-020-9

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gekjs egRoiw.kZ Ádk'ku

lfoŸkh; ys[kkadu MkW- ,l- osG flag

lvaosGk.k MkW- ch- osG- esgrk

lO;kolkf;d laxBu izks- vkj- lh- vxzoky

lFinancial Accounting Dr. S. K. Singh

lP. P. in Financial Accounting Dr. S. K. Singh

lAuditing Dr. B. K. Mehta

lBusiness Organisation Dr. F. C. Sharma

lPrinciples of Economics Dr. Agarwal & Agarwal

For Complete Catalogue Please Visit Our Website

www.sahityabhawan.com

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fo"k;&lwphfo"k;&lwphv/;k; i"B&la[;k

1. vFkZ'kkL= dh ifjHkk"kk 1—11

(The Definition of Economics)

2. vFkZ'kkL= dk ks= ,oa mldh izœfr 12—23

(Scope of Economics & its Nature)

3. vFkZ'kkL= osG v/;;u dh jhfr;k° 24—31

(Methods of Study of Economics)

4. dqN eq[; vkfFkZd /kkj.kk,° 32—43

(Some Important Economic Postulates)

5. lwe (O;f"V) ,oa O;kid (lef"V) vFkZ'kkL= 44—57

(Micro and Macro Economics)

6. vkfFkZd LFkSfrdh rFkk izkoSfxdh 58—65

(Economic Statics and Dynamics)

7. vkfFkZd fu;e ,oa mudh izœfr 66—72

(Economic Laws and their Nature)

8. vkfFkZd iz.kkfy;k° ,oa mudh fo'ks"krk,° 73—82

(Economic Systems and their Features)

9. ek°x ,oa iwfrZ % ekSfyd fopkj/kkjk,° 83—101

(Demand & Supply : Basic Framework)

10. mi;ksfxrk ,oa lhekUr mi;ksfxrk fo'ys"k.k 102—120

(Utility & Marginal Utility Analysis)

11. mnklhurk oÿ ,oa miHkksDrk lUrqyu 121—138

(Indifference Curve & Consumer's Equilibrium)

12. vk; izHkko] izfrLFkkiu izHkko ,oa dher izHkko 139—151

(Income Effect, Substitution Effect & Price Effect)

ifjf'k"V 1 : mnklhurk oÿksa osG mi;ksx 152—158

(Uses of Indifference Curve)

ifjf'k"V 2 : mnklhurk oÿksa dh Js"Brk 159—163

(Superiority of Indifference Curve)

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13. miHkksDrk dh cpr 164—170

(Consumer's Surplus)

14. ek°x dh yksp ,oa mldh eki 171—194

(Elasticity of Demand & its Measurement)

15. mRiknu ,oa mRifŸk osG lk/ku 195—200

(Production & Factors of Production)

16. mRiknu Qyu 201—207

(Production Function)

17. mRifŸk osG fu;e 208—220

(Law of Return)

(ifjorZu'khy vuqikr dk fu;e)(Law of Variable Proportion)

18. leksRikn oÿ ,oa mldh fo'ks"krk,° 221—232

(Iso-Product Curve & its Characteristics)

19. mRiknu fu.kZ; % vuqdwyre ykxr la;ksx 233—237

(Production Decision : Optimum Cost Combination)

20. iSekus osG izfrQy 238—245

(Returns to Scale)

21. ykxr % vfHkizk; ,oa fofHkUu /kkj.kk,° 246—266

(Cost : Concept and Various Concepts)

22. cktkj % vfHkizk; ,oa fofHkUu :i 267—272

(Market : Concept and Types)

23. vkxe dh vo/kkj.kk 273—281

(Concept of Revenue)

24. QeZ dk lUrqyu % vfHkizk; ,oa 'krs± 282—287

(Equilibrium of Firm : Concept and Conditions)

25. iw.kZ izfr;ksfxrk 288—310

(Perfect Competition)

(iw.kZ izfr;ksfxrk esa dher fu/kkZj.k ,oa QeZ dk lUrqyu)(Price Determination & Equilibrium of Firm in Perfect Competition)

26. ,dkf/kdkj ,oa dher foHksn 311—332

(Monopoly and Price Discrimination)

v/;k; i"B&la[;k(ii)

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27. ,dkf/kœr izfr;ksfxrk 333—345

(Monopolistic Competition)

28. jk"V™h; vk; % ifjHkk"kk] fo'ks"krk,° ,oa vo/kkj.kk,° 346—360

(National Income : Definition, Features and Concepts)

29. forj.k osG flºkUr 361—372

(Theories of Distribution)

30. yxku 373—386

(Rent)

31. etnwjh 387—400

(Wages)

32. C;kt 401—420

(Interest)

33. ykHk 421—428

(Profit)

v/;k; i"B&la[;k(iii)

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vFkZ'kkL= dh ifjHkk"kk 1

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vFkZ'kkL= dh ifjHkk"kk,¡ (Definitions of Economics)

vFkZ'kkL= dh fo"k;&lkexzh ,oa ifjHkk"kk dks ysdj vFkZ'kkL=hx.k ,der ug° g®A fofHkUu vFkZ'kkfL=;ksaus vFkZ'kkL= osG vfHkizk; dks fHkUu&fHkUu :iksa esa ifjHkkf"kr fd;k gSA vFkZ'kkL= dh ifjHkk"kkvksa dh fofo/krkdks ns[krs gq, ts- ,e- dhUl us ;g er O;ä fd;k gS fd ^jkT; vFkZO;oLFkk us ifjHkk"kkvksa ls viuk xyk?kksaV fy;k gSA**1 vFkZ'kkfL=;ksa osG oSpkfjd erHksn osG dkj.k gh Jherh ckjcjk cwVu us dgk gS fd ^^tcdHkh N% vFkZ'kkL=h feyrs g®] rc ogk¡ lkr fopkj mRiUu gksrs g®A**2

vFkZ'kkfL=;ksa osG ,der u gksus osG dkj.k ;|fi vFkZ'kkL= dh ,d loZekU; ifjHkk"kk ug° nh tkldrh] fQj Hkh lqfo/kk dh n`f"V ls fofHkUu ifjHkk"kkvksa dks fuEufyf[kr pkj oxks± esa j[kdj v/;;u fd;ktk ldrk gSµ

1. /ku lEcU/kh ifjHkk"kk,¡ (Definitions Related to Wealth)µ,Me fLeFk] ts- ch- ls-]ckdj] lhfu;j vkfn kjk izfrikfnrA

2. dY;k.k lEcU/kh ifjHkk"kk,¡ (Definitions Related to Welfare)µek'kZy] ihxw] dSUlvkfn kjk izfrikfnrA

3. oSKkfud ifjHkk"kk,¡ (Scientific Definitions) vFkok nqyZHkrk lEcU/kh ifjHkk"kk,¡(Definitions Related to Scarcity)µjkWfcUl] fodLVhM] fLVxyj vkfn kjk izfrikfnrA

4. fodkl lEcU/kh ifjHkk"kk,¡ (Definitions Related to Growth)µlSE;qylukjk izfrikfnrA

5. vU; ifjHkk"kk,¡ (Other Definitions)µizks- ts- osG- esgrk] csUge] gsujh fLeFk vkfn kjkizfrikfnrA

/ku lEcU/kh ifjHkk"kk,¡(DEFINITIONS RELATED TO WEALTH)

bl oxZ dh lHkh ifjHkk"kkvksa esa vFkZ'kkL= dks /ku dk 'kkL=* (Science of Wealth) dgdj iqdkjkx;kA bl fopkj/kkjk osG tud ,Me fLeFk Fks ftuosG vuqlkj] ^^vFkZ'kkL= dk lEcU/k jk"Vªksa osG /ku dhizÏfr ,oa mlosG dkj.kksa dh tk¡p djus ls gSA**3 ,Me fLeFk osG bl fopkj dk leFkZu okdj] lhfu;j ,oats- ch- ls tSls vFkZ'kkfL=;ksa us Hkh fd;k gSA okdj (Walker) osG 'kCnksa esa] ^^vFkZ'kkL= Kku dh 'kk[kk gStks /ku ls lEcfU/kr gSA**4 lhfu;j (Senior) osG vuqlkj] ^^jktuhfrd vFkZ'kkL= dh lkexzh lq[k

vFkZ'kkL= dh ifjHkk"kk[THE DEFINITION OF ECONOMICS]

1. “Political economy is said to have strangled itself with definitions.” —J. M. Keynes

2. “Wherever six economists are gathered, there are seven opinions.” —Mrs. Barbara Wooten

3. “Economics is a subject concerned with an enquiry into the nature and causes of wealth ofNations.” —Adam Smith

4. “Economics is that body of knowledge which relates to wealth.” —F. S. Walker

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,l ch ih Mh ifCyosG'kUl vFkZ'kkL= osG fl¼kUr2

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ug° cfYd /ku gSA**1 ts- ch- ls (J. B. Say) osG vuqlkj] ^^vFkZ'kkL= og foKku gS tks /ku dkvè;;u djrk gSA**2

/ku ls lEcfU/kr mi;qZä ifjHkk"kkvksa esa fuEufyf[kr fo'ks"krk,¡ n`f"Vxkspj gksrh g®µ(i) ekuo dh vkfFkZd fØ;k,¡ Lo&fgr (Self-interest) dh Hkkouk ls izsfjr gksrh g® rFkk izR;sd

fØ;k dk mís'; /kuksiktZu gksrk gSA(ii) O;fä dh lEiUurk ls gh jk"Vª lEiUu curk gSA(iii) /kuksiktZu dk mís'; gh O;fä dk eq[; lk/; gSA(iv) lHkh lq[kksa dh izkfIr dk vk/kkj /ku gSA

/ku lEcU/kh ifjHkk"kkvksa dh vkykspuk,¡ (Criticisms)

(i) /ku lEcU/kh ifjHkk"kk,¡ vFkZ'kkL= osG v/;;u ks= dks ladqfpr cuk nsrh g®A bu ifjHkk"kkvksaesa osGoy HkkSfrd oLrqvksa dks gh lfEefyr fd;k x;k gS vkSj lsokvksa] tSlsµv/;kid] MkWDVj] odhy vkfndh lsokvksa dks ekuo thou osG fy, mi;ksxh gksrs gq, Hkh ifjHkk"kkvksa esa lfEefyr ug° fd;k x;k ftlosG dkj.kvFkZ'kkL= dk ks= vR;Ur ladqfpr gks x;k gSA

(ii) bu ifjHkk"kkvksa esa /ku dks lk/ku u ekudj lk/; (Goal) ekuk x;k gS tks fd vuqfpr gSA/ku ij vR;f/kd cy nsus osG dkj.k dkjykby ,oa jfLdu tSls vkykspdksa us vFkZ'kkL= dks ^dqcsj dh iwtkdk 'kkL=* (Gospel of mammon)] ?k`f.kr foKku (Dismal Science), ^jksVh&eD[ku dk 'kkL=*(Science of Bread and Butter) dguk vkjEHk dj fn;kA

(iii) bl oxZ dh ifjHkk"kkvksa esa vkfFkZd ekuo dh dYiuk dh xbZ gSA bu ifjHkk"kkvksa dh ;gekU;rk fd izR;sd ekuoh; fØ;k Lo&fgr ,oa vkfFkZd /kuksiktZu osG mís'; ls dh tkrh gS] vkykspdksa dksLohdkj ug°A vkykspdksa osG vuqlkj] euq"; osG okLrfod thou esa /ku dekus osG mís'; osG lkFk&lkFk vusdHkkouk,¡ (tSlsµn;k] izse] ns'k&izse] fo'o&cU/kqRo vkfn) Hkh euq"; dks dk;Z djus dh izsj.kk nsrh g®A vr%osGoy vkfFkZd ik osG vk/kkj ij fudkys x, fu"d"kZ dks O;kogkfjd ug° dgk tk ldrkA

dY;k.k lEcU/kh ifjHkk"kk,¡(DEFINITIONS RELATED TO WELFARE)

izks- ek'kZy us viuh iqLrd ‘Principles of Economics’ esa ,Me fLeFk ,oa muosG ledkyhuvFkZ'kkfL=;ksa dh bl fopkj/kkjk dks cny fn;k fd /ku O;fä dk lk/; gSA ek'kZy us bl rF; ij cy fn;k fdvFkZ'kkL= dk v/;;u fo"k; /kuksiktZu ug° cfYd ekuo&dY;k.k gSA ek'kZy osG vuqlkj] /ku lk/ku gS]lkè; ughaA bl izdkj ek'kZy ,oa mlosG ledkyhu vFkZ'kkfL=;ksa kjk vFkZ'kkL= osG v/;;u osG bl pj.k esa/ku osG LFkku ij ekuo&dY;k.k osG fopkj dh LFkkiuk dh xbZA ek'kZy osG fopkj dk leFkZu ihxw] dSuu] fey]fQ'kj vkfn vFkZ'kkfL=;ksa us fd;kA bu lHkh vFkZ'kkfL=;ksa us /kuksiktZu osG LFkku ij ekuo&dY;k.k dksojh;rk nhA

ek'kZy osG vuqlkj] ^^vFkZ'kkL= thou osG lk/kkj.k O;olk; osG lEcU/k esa ekuo tkfr dkv/;;u gSA ;g O;fäxr rFkk lkekftd dk;ks± osG ml Hkkx dh tk¡p djrk gS tks HkkSfrd lq[k osGlk/kuksa rFkk lkekftd mi;ksx osG lkFkµvfr ?kfu"Brk osG lkFk tqM+k gqvk gSA bl izdkj ,d vksj ;g/ku dk vè;;u gS rFkk nwljh vksj vf/kd egRoiw.kZ fn'kk esa ;g euq"; osG v/;;u dk ,d Hkkx gSA**3

1. “The subject treated by political economics.......is not happiness but wealth.” —Senior

2. “Economics is a science which treats of wealth.” —J. B. Say

3. “Economics is the study of mankind in the ordinary business of life, it examines that part ofindividual and social action which is most closely connected with the attainment and with theuse of material requisities of well-being. Thus, it on the one side a study of wealth and on the

other and more important side a part of the study of man.” —Marshall

Principles of Economics

Publisher : Sbpd Publications ISBN : 9789351670209 Author : Dr. AnupamAgarwal

Type the URL : http://www.kopykitab.com/product/3950

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