9.1 Sistem Pemerintahan Dan Pentadbiran Negeri-negeri Melayu
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SISTEM PEMERINTAHAN DAN PENTADBIRAN
NEGERI-NEGERI MELAYU
Disusun Oleh : PN. HJH. ROSIAH BT. HASAN
Sumber Rujukan dan Penghargaan:Sejarah Tingkatan 1 DBPGred A Sejarah KBSM Tingkatan 1 2 3 Cerdik PublicationsEncarta EncyclopediaRujukan Internet
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9.1 SISTEM PEMERINTAHANDAN PENTADBIRAN
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i. Raja /Sultan
a. Raja atau sultan mengetuai pentadbiran sesebuahkerajaan.
b. Baginda dibantu oleh kerabat diraja dan parapembesar.
c. Baginda merupakan lambang kedaulatan negeri.
d. Raja yang berdaulat bermaksud:- memiliki kesempurnaan- berkebolehan
- mempunyai keistimewaan dalam pemerintahandan pentadbiran.
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e. Kedaulatan raja dapat dilihat melalui:- kemampuan baginda melaksanakan undang-undang
- cemerlang dalam semua aspek- peribadi yang unggul- keberanian dan kepahlawanan
f. Kedaulatan dapat diperkukuhkan melalui
Cap mohor diraja- alat untuk mengesahkan arahan dan merupakanlambang rasmi kerajaan.
Alat kebesaran
- tengkolok, destar, keris, pedang, lembing, tombakberambu, payung ubur-ubur berwarna kuning, kendi,
ketur, kipas dan tepak sirih.
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CONTOHCOP MOHOR
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TENGKOLOK- Sumber internet
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KERIS
LEMBING
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TOMBAK BERAMBU
PAYUNG UBUR-UBUR
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CONTOH KENDI
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CONTOH KETUR
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TEPAK SIRIH
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Warna Kuning-digunakan sebagai hiasan pada sapu tangan, tepitabir, ulasan bantal besar dan tilam.
Payung Putih
-Payung putih untuk raja. Payung kuning untuk anakraja.
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TABIR
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Nobatdimainkan semasa pertabalan, kemangkatan dankeberangkatan raja.
-Alatnya: gendang besar, nafiri, serunai, duagendang besar (nagara) dan duagendang
kecil (tabal)-Asal: perkataan naubah yang bererti gabungan
sembilan alat muzik.
-Lambang kedaulatan raja/sultan-Kedah negeri tertua memiliki nobat.
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GENDANG
NAFIRI
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NOBAT
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Bahasa Dalam- hanya digunakan oleh raja dan kerabatnya
SakitGering
TidurBeradu
Meninggal duniaMangkat
MandiBersiram
MakanSantapMaksudBahasa Dalam
g. Titah perintah sultan mesti diikut/laksanakanh. Ingkar bermakna derhaka.
i. Derhaka membawa kepada tulah.j. Tulah bencana yang menimpa akibat melanggartitah sultan.
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ii. Pembesar
a. Pembesar peringkat negeri diberi kuasa mentadbirdan mengutip cukai di kawasan tertentu.
b. Pembesar di jajahan dan daerah dilantik melalui
surat tauliah.
c. Tugas mereka:
- jaga dan kekal keamanan.- jaga kedaulatan negeri.
- sumbang sebahagian hasil dan cukai kepada kerajaan.- sedia tenaga kerja.
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iii.Ketua Kampung dikenali sebagai penghulu/
penggawa. Tugas :- pungut cukai
- bekal tenaga tentera- pastikan kesetiaan masyarakat kampung.
- jadi perantara pembesar dan rakyat.
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iv.Golongan Agama
a. Terdiri daripada penasihat sultan,kadi, mufti,pembesar negeri.
b. Tugas:- berdakwah- mengendalikan pengajian agama
- menghasilkan karya agama.
c. Di kampung-kampung, mereka menjadi:- imam- khatib
- bilal- juru nikah
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v. Ahli magis bomoh, pawang dan dukun
a. Tugas mengubati dan menyembuhkanpenyakit.
b. Mereka juga dilantik sebagai pemimpin
dalam masyarakat.
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2. SISTEM PEMERINTAHANDAN PENTADBIRAN
NEGERI SEMBILAN
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i. Negeri Sembilan mengamalkan Adat Perpatih.
ii. Adat ini diasaskan oleh Datuk Perpatih NanSebatang , pemerintah Pagar Ruyong di Sumatera.
iii. Adat ini mempengaruhi cara hidup masyarakat
Melayu apabila orang Minangkabau berhijrah keTanah Melayu dan menetap di Naning dan kawasan
di Negeri Sembilan.
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iv.Dalam Adat Perpatih:
a. Orang yang mahir mentafsir dan melaksanakan
hukum adat
Ketua Adat.
b. Pemerintah tertinggi di Negeri Sembilan YangDiPertuan Besar/ Yamtuan Besar
c. Ketua segala luak/luhak
Undang. Tugas Undang yangutama :- memilih Yang DiPertuan Besar/Yamtuan
d. Daerah/jajahan Luak.
c. Luak di Negeri Sembilan: Sungai Ujong, Jelebu,Johol dan Rembau
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f. Daerah lain diperintah oleh Penghulu
g. Ketua suku atau waris
Lembaga
h. Tanggungjawab Lembaga- jaga keamanan dan keselamatan- selesai pertelingkahan antara suku- kendali pembahagian harta pusaka- orang tengah antaraa suku dan Undang
i. Ketua Perut Buapak
j Anak buah Perut
k. Perut/anak buah melantik Buapak
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STRUKTUR ORGANISASI MASYARAKATMENGIKUT ADAT PERPATIH
PERUT
BUAPAK
LEMBAGA
UNDANG
YANG DIPERTUAN BESAR
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STRUKTUR PENTADBIRAN DI NEGERI SEMBILAN- Sumber : internet
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l. Alat kebesaran yang menjadi lambang kekuasaandan pengesahan Yamtuan Besar:
- Payung kuning 16 kaki- Pedang 16 bilah- Keris panjang 16 bilah
- Tombak benderang 16 batang-
Tepak sirih 8 buah- Tempat abu 8 buah- Tiang lilin lapan batang
- Empat tunggul( panji-panji) berwarna kuning
- Dua tunggul berwarna merah-
Dua tunggul berwarna hitam
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CONTOH ALATKEBESARAN DIRAJA
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