VERBALS!!!!8th grade

In your IBook, create a Frayer diagram!

As we go through the Power Point, take notes.

WHAT ARE VERBALS? Verbals are words that look like

verbs, but are used as another part of speech.

For example, would this make sense?

Greg sleeping late. Sleeping is how Greg spends his

free time.

TYPES OF VERBALS: There are three kinds of verbals: 1. Infinitives,

2. Participles,

3. and Gerunds.

1. INFINITIVES:

SN V Inf Brent decided to eat five pizzas. SN V Inf Nick needed to be in Texas by morning. Notice anything? Both of the infinitives start with “to.” The “to” is paired with a word that could be used as a verb. That’s why it is a verbal!

MORE ON INFINITIVES:

How to remember this…

Think of Buzz Lightyear!

Famous phrase…”to infinity and beyond….”

To starts an infinitive!

HOW ARE INFINITIVES USED IN SENTENCES? Infinitives can be used as three different parts of speech: nouns, adjectives, and adverbs.

As a noun, an infinitive can be used as a subject, direct object, object of preposition, or appositive.

Subject To whistle is difficult for some.

Direct Object She hopes to write after school.

Predicate Nominative

His dream is to travel.

Object of Preposition

They had no choice except to leave.

Appositive Her decision, to listen, was a wise one.

Examples of Infinitives Phrases:

2. GERUNDS Gerunds end in ing. Gerunds are used as nouns. Gerunds can be used as just like any noun can as subjects, direct objects, predicate nominatives, and objects of prepositions.

GERUNDS IN SENTENCES Remodeling is a way to make something look brand new.

Michael enjoys drawing. His favorite sport is fishing.

Lucy does not get tired of singing.

DID YOU FIND THEM? Remodeling is a way to make something look brand new.

Michael enjoys drawing. His favorite sport is fishing.

Lucy does not get tired of singing.

GERUND PHRASE A gerund phrase is a gerund with a modifier or a complement, acting together as a noun.

EXAMPLES OF GERUND PHRASES:

Gerunds with Adjectives: The loud, shrilling howling continued all night.

Gerund with Direct Object:

Using trees as lumber is an important part of Mexico’s economy.

Gerund with Prepositional Phrase:

He helped police by telling about his experience.

Gerund with Adverb and Prepositional Phrase:

Tribe members astound spectators by dancing skillfully on stage.

3. PARTICIPLES A participle looks like a verb

but is actually an adjective. It is used to modify (describe) something.

There are two kinds of participles:1. Present participles- end in

ing2. Past participles- usually end

in ed, but be careful of those irregular endings

WHAT DO THEY LOOK LIKE?HERE ARE SOME EXAMPLES OF

HOW THEY ARE USED IN SENTENCES.

Present Participles

A growing baby sleeps much of the day.

Many people live in farming communities.

Past Participles The conquered

territory was under Spanish control.

Troubled, she asked for advice.

PARTICIPLE OR VERB? Now, be careful! Participles can be tricky!

Sometimes participles are confused as verb phrases.

Ex. The answer troubled the officer.

Just remember participles are used as adjectives, not actual verbs!

ONE MORE THING…ABOUT PARTICIPLE PHRASES A participle phrase is a group of

words starting with a participle that acts as an adjective.

Examples:Chewing rapidly, the diner called for a waiter.

Who/what chewing rapidly?Eating his lunch, the waiter did not respond.

Who/what eating his lunch?

JUST IN CASE YOU FORGOT, The appositive is a modifier. It offers more information about something.

For example,Greg, the boy in the green shirt, is a fast runner.

My uncle, Bob, works in New York.

So, what should our notes looklike?

Verbals

• Verbals look like verbs, but are used as other parts of speech

• can be part of a verbal phrase

• 3 types of verbals

Infinitives:

• used as nouns, adjectives, or adverbs

• always include the word “to”

• ex. John wanted to eat.

Participles:• 2 kinds- present & past

• used as adjectives

• Present- ends in ing

• Past- end in ed

• ex. The running water was fast. Dried leaves are there.

Gerunds:

• Like participles, gerunds end in ing

• Used as a noun

• Ex. Running is fun! We went swimming yesterday.

CHECK FOR UNDERSTANDING: With Learning Partner, use George vs. George to find one example of each of these types of verbals.

Write them in the appropriate box on the Frayer. Include the page number in order to reference your text.

WORK SESSIONINDEPENDENT ASSIGNMENT

Starting on page 301 in Prentice Hall Writing & Grammar Handbook:

Exercises- 9, 10, 11, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, & 18Numbers 1& 2 on each exerciseYou will mostly be writing only the

answers. However, on two exercises you will need to write sentences.