8-CNS-ATM

B mnB mn K thut Thng tinK thut Thng tin

H ni, 10 - 2009

Email: [email protected]

Ging vin: TS.Ging vin: TS. Trng Tun Trng Tun

Trng i Hc Bch Khoa H NiKhoa in t - Vin thng

nh v v dn ng in tnh v v dn ng in t

( Electronics Positioning and Navigation )( Electronics Positioning and Navigation )

Dn ng in tDn ng in tElectronic NavigationsElectronic Navigations

22. . H thng Thng tin Dn ng Gim st

v Qun l khng lu (CNS/ATM)

Qun l bay ATMAir Traffic ManagementAir Traffic Management

Trong hot ng vn ti hng khng, QLB l lnh vc quan trng bc nht v n l yu t quyt nh tnh an ton cho cc hot ng hng khng (hnh khch, thit b bay...)

H thng k thut ngnh qun l bay tp trung 3 chuyn ngnh chnh:

Thng tin C (Communication)

Dn ng N (Navigation)

Gim st S (Surveillance)

Cc sn bay ti Vit Nam

1. Min Bc: Ni Bi, in Bin, N Sn (Sn La), Ct Bi

(Hi Phng), Vinh, ng Hi

2. Min Trung: Ph Bi (Hu), Nng, Pleiku, Ban M

Thut, Ph Ct (Bnh nh), Ph Yn, Cam Ranh

3. Min Nam: Bin Ha, Tn Sn Nht, Lt, Vng Tu,

Ph Quc, Cn o, Cn Th, Rch Gi

approach

airport A airport B

Ct cnhH cnh

Qun l khng lu Qun l khng lu -- ATMATMQun l khng lu Qun l khng lu -- ATMATM

Hng tuyn

(ng di)tip cntip cn

ti

cng

en route

Air Traffic ManagementAir Traffic Management

ti

cng

take off landing

i pht mc

CNS/ATM

C=Communications N = Navigations S = Surveilance

1. UHF

2. VHF

3. HF

4. V tinh

5. TT Quang

6. Vi ba

7. Di ng

1. Thp quan st

2. Taxi way

3. VHF

4. NDB

5. VOR/DME

6. ILS / MLS

7. GPS

8. n ng bng

1. Thp quan st

2. Truyn hnh cp

3. Radar

4. V tinh

5. TT Quang

Thng tin - Communications

* UHF, VHF, HF:

- Thng tin thoi qua b m.

- Taxi My bay : UHF

- My bay Thp quan st: VHF

- C ly xa: HF

* V tinh, cp quang, vi ba: kt ni mng thng tin gia cc sn bay vi

trung tm.

- Mi sn bay : 1 trm v tinh VSAT / DOMSAT

* Tng i: chuyn mch knh thng tin trong h thng

Gim st - Surveilance

1. Thp quan st: mt , ng nhm

2. Truyn hnh cp: quan st mt sn

3. Radar :

- t ti mt t (Ground-based)

- t trn khng (Air-based)

- Radar thi tit pha trc my bay (120 x 120): kch c, lng

in tch

- Radar o cao v quan st mt t

- Tr gip o vn tc (pht sng lin tc, iu tn tuyn tnh)

o cao: c ba phng php

Radar o cao

p k o cao: khc p sut theo cao

S dng radar s cp

Gim st - Surveilance

3. Radar (tip):

- Radar s cp vng tip cn

- Radar th cp vng ng di

4 + 5 : Thng tin v tinh + thng tin quang

Ni mng radar qua v tinh, mng cp quang: truyn nh radar

v trung tm x l quc gia

Dn ng - Navigations1. Thp quan st dn ng: s dng thng tin thoi lin lc v dn

ng2. Taxi ( Follow-me)3. VHF: ni dung thng tin dn ng4. VOR/DME:

- VOR: VHF OmniRange: pht mc v hng ti bng VHF tr gip xc nh

hng bay ti mt mc xc nh so vi hng chnh Bc - DME: Distance Measurement Equipment : tr gip kim tra v tr hin

ti camy bay c ng theo ti nguyn c n nh theo phng ngang hay

khng 5. ILS/MLS6. GPS / SNS (Sattelite Navigation System)7. n ng bng

Air Traffic Control

Taxiway Markings - Yellow

Threshold Markings Displacement

Markings

Taxiway

Sterile Area

Runway 22 heading South West

Runway 04 (Reciprocal) heading North East

Touchdown markings

Runway number

Runway 22 is heading SOUTH WEST

Take Off

30

VOR (VHF Omni-directional Range)

VORs operate between 108.0 to 117.95 MHz frequency band

System includes VOR ground station or transmitter VOR receiver in aircraft

In light aircraft this is often combined with the comm radio

Aircraft display CDI course deviation indicator TO/FROM indicator ON/OFF flag to determine field strength

Antenna

VOR

1 trm VOR -> 1 tn s VHF

N

TP. HCM

Hongkong

VHF: 108.0-117.95MHzLine of sight

VOR has Line of sight range

The frequencies

The Principle of the VOR

The VOR does not account for the aircraft heading

Relation between TRUE, MAGNETIC, and

COMPASS DIRECTIONS

Analogous Optical System

VOR Phase Angle Relationships

R: Reference signalV: Variable signal

Variable signal

Reference signal

VOR

VOR Phase Angle Relationships

DME

HD

R

treDMED ttcD '2

s ttreDME 50

10 (NMI)

DME (Distance Measuring Equipment)

Range is up to 199 NM at the high end of controlled airspace based on line of sight with accuracy of mile or 3% of the distance.

DME operates on frequencies from 962 to 1213 MHz. Operation

The aircraft transmitter sends out paired pulses at specific spacing.

The ground station receives the pulses and then responds with paired pulses at the same spacing but a different frequency.

The aircraft receiver measures the time it takes to transmit and receive the signal which is transmitted into distance.

Distance Measuring Equipment (DME)

DME Distances are Slant Range

VOR Combination

1. Using two VOR stations:

1

2

VOR1

VOR2

M

N

N

VOR/DME

M

N

d

2. Using a VOR/DME

Trm pht mc v hng NDB

K1K2K3

1 km

7 - 10 km

f1, P1 = 50 W

f2, P2 = 100-300 W

Trm K1, K2: Tip cn - trm K3: Hng tuyn

Pht tn hiu iu bin, m mc : V tr hin ti ( tn a phng, s hiu

mc NDB, ng bay )

Marker

3

3

10 km

H = ?

Non-Directional Beacons (NDB)

Low to Medium Frequency 190 to 535 kilohertz (kHz) Unique three-letter Morse code identifier Radiates in all directions Airborne receiver required

Automatic Direction Finder (ADF) Aircraft may either home or track to the station

Non-Directional Beacons (NDB)

MB = MH + RB

Using relative bearing and magnetic heading, magnetic bearing can be found Actual heading to fly to the station MB = MH + RB

Relative bearing (see NDB

Bearings figure, on the right) is

the angle formed by the

intersection of a line drawn

through the centerline of the

aircraft and a line drawn from

the aircraft to the radio station.

This angle is always measured

clockwise from the nose of the

aircraft and is indicated directly

by the pointer on the bearing

indicator.

Relative bearing

Magnetic bearing (see NDB Bearings

figure, on the right) is the angle

formed by the intersection of a line

drawn from the aircraft to the radio

station and a line drawn from the

aircraft to magnetic north. The pilot

calculates the magnetic bearing by

adding the relative bearing shown on

the indicator to the magnetic heading

of the aircraft. For example, if the

magnetic heading of the aircraft is 40

and the relative bearing 210, the

magnetic bearing to the station is

250.

Magnetic bearing

ADF/NDB

The ADF, or Automatic Direction Finder, is the receiver in the aircraft

The NDB, or Nondirectional Radio Beacon, is the transmitting antenna on the ground

The ADF is the receiver of the NDBs transmissions

Utilize the directional characteristicsof a loop antenna to determine thedirection of a radio station(strongest point or null position).

ILS (Instrument Landing System)

Combination of several systems to provide pilot with the ability to land in conditions with poor visibility.

Components LOC (localizer)

Horizontal reference

GS (glide slope) Vertical reference

Principle of ILS

LOC (LOCalizer)

Combined with the VOR system

Utilizes 1 of 40 ILS channels between 108.10 to 111.95 MHz.

Operation

The ground transmitter is located at the far end of the runway and provides a valid signal up to 18 NM

The CDI (course deviation indicator) gives full fly left/right deviation of 700 feet at the runway threshold. ILS-Localizer and corresponding

Glide Slope-carrier frequencies (MHz)

GS (Glide Slope) / Glide Path

Utilizes 1 of 40 channelsbetween 329.15 to 335.00 MHz.

Operates on the same principlesas the LOC.

The GS transmitter is locatedbetween 750 and 1250 ft.from the approach end ofthe runway

The indicator is an ADI(altitude-director indicator).

ILS-Localizer and correspondingGlide Slope-carrier frequencies (MHz)

Precision Approach Path Indicators (PAPI)

Airfield Lighting

Threshold Green Lights

White Runway lights

Sterile Area

Red Obstruction Lights

Precision Approach Path Indicators (PAPIs)

Threshold Lights

High Visibility T

Approach Lights

Landing on Runway 15 Birmingham Airport

8-CNS-ATM

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