第7講長文総合問題④（03 立教）

─ 58 ─Ⓒ RECRUIT HOLDINGS本サービスに関する知的財産権その他一切の権利は著作権者に帰属します。また本サービスに掲載の全部または一部につき無断複製・転載を禁止します。

第 7 講　長文総合問題④（03 立教）ポイント

①具体の発見

②対比の発見

③抽象の発見

　次の文を読んで，あとの設問 A・Bに答えなさい。

When the clock dominates, time becomes a valuable product. "Clock time

cultures" take for granted the reality of time as fixed, *linear and measurable.

As Benjamin Franklin once advised, "Remember that time is money." But to

"event time cultures," for whom time is considerably more changeable and

formless, time and money are very separate things.

The conflict between these attitudes can be disturbing. When I made a trip

to The *Taj Mahal, for example, the most frequent comments I heard spoken

by visitors from developed countries referred to the amount of work that

went into the building. A typical question was, "How long must that have

taken?" Perhaps the second most frequent comment I heard from tourists in

India went something like: "That *embroidery must have taken forever.

Can you imagine how much that would cost back home?" But these

comments wouldn't mean much to the Indian artist who spent months

embroidering a cloth or to their ancestors who had built the Taj Mahal.

When event time dominates, the economic model of clock time makes little

sense. Time and money are independent things.

5

10

15

関東難関私大（MARCH）英語対策講座　第7講　テキスト

Ⓒ RECRUIT HOLDINGS本サービスに関する知的財産権その他一切の権利は著作権者に帰属します。また本サービスに掲載の全部または一部につき無断複製・転載を禁止します。

─ 59 ─

NOTE



In my travels in South America and Asia I have repeatedly been confused

and bothered by comments such as: "Unlike you Americans, time is not

money for us." My usual response is something like: "But our time is all we

have. It's our most valuable, our only really valuable, possession. How can

you waste it like that?" Their typical answer ― usually in a less excited tone

than my own ― begins with complete agreement that time is, indeed, most

valuable. But it is for exactly this reason, event timers argue, that time

shouldn't be wasted by carving it into units of money.

Central Africa provides an example of this attitude. "Central Africans,"

Salvatore Niyonzima says, "generally disregard the idea that time is money.

When I want time to wait for me, it does. And when I don't want to do

something today for any reason ― I can just decide to do it tomorrow and it will

be as good as today. If I lose some time I'm not losing something very

important because, after all, I have so much of it."

Jean Traore, an exchange student from Burkina Faso in Eastern Africa,

finds the concept of "wasting time" confusing. "There's no such thing as

wasting time where I live," he observes. "How can you waste time? If you're

not doing one thing, you're doing something else. Even if you're just talking

to a friend, or sitting around, that's what you're doing." The average Burkina

Faso citizen is expected to understand and accept this view of time, and to

recognize that what is truly wasteful is to take away time spent with family

and friends.

20

25

30

35



─ 61 ─

NOTE



Mexico is another example. Some U.S. business people complain that

Mexicans do not seem concerned about time. But as writer Jorge Castaneda

points out, "For Mexicans, letting and watching time go by, being late (an

hour, a day, a week), are not serious matters. Working hard and being on

time are simply a lower step on the ladder of values. It is more important to

see a friend of the family than to keep an appointment or to go to work."

There is also an economic explanation: "Since most people are paid little for

what they do, the prize for punctuality and formality can be meaningless:

time is often not money in Mexico."

Event time and clock time are not totally unrelated. But event time includes

considerably more than mechanical time. It is a product of the social and

economic environment and, of course, of cultural values. Consequently, clock

time and event time often make up worlds of their own. As Jorge Castaneda

observes about Mexico and the United States, "time divides our two countries

as much as any other single factor."

[A Geography of Time, Copyright © 1997 by Robert Levine. Reprinted by

permission of Basic Books, a member of Perseus Books, LLC.]

*linear : 直線的

*Taj Mahal : タージマハール (インドの霊廟 )

*embroidery : 刺繍

40

45

50



─ 63 ─

NOTE



A. 次の 1～ 6それぞれに続くものとして，本文の内容と最もよく合致するものを，

①～④から一つずつ選びなさい。

1. The tourists the author met in India were typically impressed by

① the beauty of the buildings and other art works.

② the amount of time Indians spend on making things.

③ the low cost of living.

④ the difficult working conditions of the craftsmen.

2. The author's reaction to the comments he heard in South America and

Asia can be described as

① indifference. ② irritation. ③ amusement. ④ sadness.

3. According to Salvatore Niyonzima, time always waits for him, because

① time flows at a different pace for everybody.

② the more time he takes the better job he can do.

③ he can always put off what he meant to do till a later time.

④ there is an end to time.

4. Jean Traore thinks　

① how much value people place on time depends on how much they earn.

② it is a sin to waste time by doing nothing.

③ seeing your friends is just as valuable as doing anything else.

④ a responsible person should be able to fit various activities into his or

her schedule.



─ 65 ─

5. Some U.S. business people complain that Mexicans

① act in too friendly a manner. ② take time to agree on things.

③ care little about time. ④ take too long a rest.

6. People's attitudes toward time can be seen as

① a cultural difference.

② an indication of how dissatisfied they are.

③ a measurement of success.

④ a matter of individual choice.

B. 文中の下線部の内容を 15字以内の日本語で説明しなさい。



関東難関私大（MARCH）英語対策講座　復習テスト　　第七回

見出し語や英文に相当する表現を次の①～④から一つ選びなさい。

1. dominate

① 反対する ② 支配する ③ 断言する ④ 指摘する

2. take O for granted

① Oを当然と思う ② Oに感謝する ③ Oを尊敬する ④ Oを軽視する

3. considerably

① 配慮して ② かなり ③ 丁寧に ④ 困惑して

4. separate

① いつくかの ② 共通の ③ 同一の ④ 別々の

5. frequent

① 頻繁に起こる ② 複数の ③ 融通の利く ④ 熱心な

6. ladder

① ほうき ② はしご ③ 玄関 ④ 天井

7. punctuality

① 家族を守ること ② 約束を守ること ③ 法律を守ること ④ 時間を守ること

8. possession

① 遺産 ② 遺体 ③ 財産 ④ 財宝

9. appointment

① 指摘 ② 速度 ③ 束縛 ④ 約束



─ 67 ─

10. It is for exactly this reason, event timers argues, that time shouldn’ t be

wasted by carving it into units of money.

① それはまさにこの理由のためだと，事象時間の支持者は主張し，時間はそれをお金

の単位に切り分けて無駄にすべきではない。

② それは，時間をお金の単位に切り分けて無駄にすべきではない理由のためだと，事

象時間の支持者は主張する。

③ まさにこの理由の為に，時間はそれをお金の単位に切り分けることで，無駄にすべ

きではないと事象時間の支持者は主張する。

④ それがこういう理由なのは，時間をお金の単位に切り分けることで，浪費すべきで

はないと，事象時間の支持者は主張する。

NOTE



─ 23─

関東難関私大（MARCH）英語　第 7講　解答

＜解答＞

A 1－② 2－② 3－③ 4－③

5－③ 6－①

B 価値の序列で下に位置すること。

＜全訳＞

時計が支配するとき，時間は価値のある製品となる。「時計時間の文化」は，時間と

いう実体を固定的で直線的で計測できるものと当然視する。かつてベンジャミン =フ

ランクリンが忠告した言葉が，「時は金なりということを覚えておきなさい」という

ことだ。しかし，時間がかなり可変的で形がないものだとする「事象時間の文化」にとっ

ては時間と金は全然別のものである。

この 2つの考え方の対立は混乱を招く可能性がある。例えば，私がタージマ八―ル

を訪れたとき，私が聞いた先進国の訪問者が口にした最も多いコメントは，この建物

に費やされた仕事量に関するものだった。よくある質問は「どれほど長い時間がかかっ

たのか ?」というものだった。インドを旅行中の人から私が耳にしたおそらく 2番目

に多いコメントは次のようなものだ。「あの刺編を作るには，永遠に長い時間がかかっ

たにちがいない。あの刺繍を自国で作るのにいくらお金がかかるか想像できますか ?」

しかし，このようなコメントは，何力月も 1枚の布を刺繍するのに費やしたインドの

芸術家やタージマ八―ルを建てた彼らの祖先にとってはあまり意味がないだろう。事

象時間が支配する場合，時計時間の経済学モデルはほとんど意味をなさない。時間と

金は別のものなのだ。

私が南米とアジアを旅したとき，「あなた達アメリカ人と違って，私たちにとって時

間はお金ではない」というようなコメントに繰り返し混乱し悩まされてきた。私のい

つもの答えはこの様なものだ。「しかし私達が持っているのは時間だけだ。時間は最

も価値がある，本当に貴重な唯一の財産だ。よくそんなふうに時間を無駄にできます

ね」彼らの典型的な答えは ̶ たいていは私より静な口調だが ̶ 実際，時間はもっと

も価値があるという完全な一致から始まる。しかし，まさにこの理由のために，時間

をお金の単位に切り分けて浪費するべきではないと事象時間論者は主張する。

中央アフリカにこうした考え方を示す 1例がある。サルバトーレ＝ニヨンジマは「中

央アフリカの人間は一般的に時は金なりという考えを軽視する。時間が自分を待って

ほしいと望めば待ってくれる。そして，どんな理由でも，今日何かをしたくないのなら，

関東難関私大（MARCH）英語対策講座　第7講　解答

─ 24─Ⓒ RECRUIT HOLDINGS本サービスに関する知的財産権その他一切の権利は著作権者に帰属します。また本サービスに掲載の全部または一部につき無断複製・転載を禁止します。

明日することに決めてもいい。今日でも明日でもいい。時間を失っても，とても重要

なものは失っていない。なぜなら，結局時間はたくさんあるからだ」

東アフリカのブルキナ =ファソ出身の交換留学生ジャン =トラオレは，「時間を無

駄にする」という概念に困惑している。「私が住んでいるところでは時間を無駄にす

るということはない」と彼は言う。「どうやったら時間を無駄にできるのか ? あるこ

とをしていなくても，他のことをしている。友人と話をしていたとしても，座ってぼ

うっとしていたとしても，それがその人のしていることだ」平均的なブルキナ =ファ

ソの市民は，この時間の観念を理解し受け入れ，本当に無駄なことは家族や友人と過

ごす時間を奪うことだと認めるものと思われている。

メキシコがもう 1つの例である。アメリカのビジネスマンの中にはメキシコ人は時

間を気にしないように思えると不平を言う者もいる。しかし作家のホルヘ =カスタネ

ダが指摘しているように，「メキシコ人にとって，時間が過ぎ行くのを見守ることや (1

時間，1日，1週間 )遅れることは深刻な問題ではない。勤勉に働くことや時間を守

ることは価値の序列において低い位置でしかない。約束を守ったり仕事に行くよりも

家族の友人に会うほうが重要だ」また経済学的な説明もできる。「ほとんどの人々は

仕事に対して，ほとんど賃金が支払われないので，時間や決まりを守ったことに対す

る見返りが意味のない場合がある。メキシコでは時間は金にならないことがよくある」

事象時間と時計時間はまったく無関係なわけではない。しかし事象時間が機械的な

時よりもかなり多くのものを含んでいる。事象時間は社会的，経済的環境の産物であ

り，そして，もちろん，文化的価値の産物だ。結果として，時計時間と事象時間はた

いていその独自の世界を作り上げている。ホルヘ =カスタネダがメキシコと米国につ

いて述べているように，「時間は他のどの単一の要因よりも両国を隔てている」



─ 25─

第 7講　重要語彙リスト

1 dominate 支配する2 valuable 価値ある3 linear 直線的4 considerably かなり5 separate 別の6 conflict 争い7 disturb 乱す8 independent 独立した9 be bothered 悩む10 response 返答11 possession 財産12 in ~ tone ～な口調で13 agreement 一致14 disregard 軽視する15 observe 述べる16 sit around ぼうっと座る17 citizen 市民18 take away 奪う19 point out 指摘する20 ladder はしご・階段21 appointment 約束22 punctuality 時間を守ること23 consequently 結果として24 make up 構成する25 divide 分ける


─ 26─Ⓒ RECRUIT HOLDINGS本サービスに関する知的財産権その他一切の権利は著作権者に帰属します。また本サービスに掲載の全部または一部につき無断複製・転載を禁止します。

第 7講　音読用白文� ①　②　③　④　⑤　⑥　⑦　⑧　⑨　⑩

When the clock dominates, time becomes a valuable product. "Clock time

cultures" take for granted the reality of time as fixed, linear and

measurable. As Benjamin Franklin once advised, "Remember that time is

money." But to "event time cultures," for whom time is considerably more

changeable and formless, time and money are very separate things.

The conflict between these attitudes can be disturbing. When I made a

trip to The Taj Mahal, for example, the most frequent comments I heard

spoken by visitors from developed countries referred to the amount of work

that went into the building. A typical question was, "How long must that

have taken?" Perhaps the second most frequent comment I heard from

tourists in India went something like: "That embroidery must have taken

forever. Can you imagine how much that would cost back home?" But these

comments wouldn't mean much to the Indian artist who spent months

embroidering a cloth or to their ancestors who had built the Taj Mahal.

When event time dominates, the economic model of clock time makes little

sense. Time and money are independent things.

In my travels in South America and Asia I have repeatedly been confused

and bothered by comments such as: "Unlike you Americans, time is not

money for us." My usual response is something like: "But our time is all we

have. It's our most valuable, our only really valuable, possession. How can

you waste it like that?" Their typical answer ̶ usually in a less excited tone

than my own ̶ begins with complete agreement that time is, indeed, most

valuable. But it is for exactly this reason, event timers argue, that time

shouldn't be wasted by carving it into units of money.

Central Africa provides an example of this attitude. "Central Africans,"

Salvatore Niyonzima says, "generally disregard the idea that time is money.

When I want time to wait for me, it does. And when I don't want to do

something today for any reason ̶ I can just decide to do it tomorrow and

it will be as good as today. If I lose some time I'm not losing something

very important because, after all, I have so much of it."

Jean Traore, an exchange student from Burkina Faso in Eastern Africa,



─ 27─

finds the concept of "wasting time" confusing. "There's no such thing as

wasting time where I live," he observes. "How can you waste time? If

you're not doing one thing, you're doing something else. Even if you're just

talking to a friend, or sitting around, that's what you're doing." The average

Burkina Faso citizen is expected to understand and accept this view of time,

and to recognize that what is truly wasteful is to take away time spent with

family and friends.

Mexico is another example. Some U.S. business people complain that

Mexicans do not seem concerned about time. But as writer Jorge Castaneda

points out, "For Mexicans, letting and watching time go by, being late (an

hour, a day, a week), are not serious matters. Working hard and being on

time are simply a lower step on the ladder of values. It is more important

to see a friend of the family than to keep an appointment or to go to work."

There is also an economic explanation: "Since most people are paid little for

what they do, the prize for punctuality and formality can be meaningless:

time is often not money in Mexico."

Event time and clock time are not totally unrelated. But event time

includes considerably more than mechanical time. It is a product of the

social and economic environment and, of course, of cultural values.

Consequently, clock time and event time often make up worlds of their own.

As Jorge Castaneda observes about Mexico and the United States, "time

divides our two countries as much as any other single factor."



─ 30─

復習テスト　解答

<第七回 >

1.② 2.① 3.② 4.④ 5.①

6.② 7.④ 8.③ 9.④ 10.③

第7講長文総合問題④（03 立教）

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