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603 PRAKTEK REASURANSI -...
Transcript of 603 PRAKTEK REASURANSI -...
603 PRAKTEK REASURANSI
PEMUA PANCA MARGAMARKAS CABANG – JAKARTA PUSAT
Sekretariat : MAKODIM 0501 JP/BS LT III
Jl. Angkasa Blok B Kav. 11 Kemayoran Jakarta Pusat
Phone :0819 32 72 8000, 0857 18 77 8000,
Exclusive tutorial
Disusun oleh :
Ir. Sudarno Hardjo Saparto AAIK, QIP, Ahli K3
Retention
Assets; Capital &
Free Reserves;
Solvency
The size & Nature of
Portfolio; Premium
income; Profitability
The type of Risks
& Pattern of
Losses
Reinsurance
Type & CostStrategic & financial
considerations,
including corporate
strategy
The Market
Environment
Investasi
Free reserve
Profit
Profile portfolio (by type & size)
Homogeneity
Pertumbuhan portfolio
Profitability of portfolio
Risiko sama dengan Polis identik
(SI sama)
Risiko sama dengan SI berbeda
Risiko sama dengan SI dan T/C
berbeda
General Portfolio
Ketersediaan berbagai bentuk
reasuransi dan kombinasinya
Apakah retensi ditetapkan sama untuk
setiap risiko dalam portfolio
Kesediaan Reinsurer untuk memberi
proteksi pada acceptable cost
Avoidance of Probability of Ruin
Financial policy & Cash Flow
Corporate Strategy
Soft market
Hard market
Investment & tax regime
BAB I
603 PRAKTEK REASURANSI
Disusun oleh : Ir. Sudarno Hardjo Saparto AAIK, QIP, AHLI K3, NIB : 1001560346
PEMUA PANCA MARGA
MARKAS CABANG – JAKARTA PUSAT
Sekretariat : MAKODIM 0501 JP/BS LT III
Jl. Angkasa Blok B Kav. 11 Kemayoran Jakarta Pusat
Phone :0819 32 72 8000, 0857 18 77 8000,
Desain & Formulasi Reinsurance Programme
TujuanBentuk
Informasi
menentukan jenis
reas
reciprocity
Alternatif terhadap
produk reasuransi
konvensional
Cover reasuransi otomatis
Kapasitas memadai
Ruang lingkup (scope) memadai
Keuntungan ekonomis
Security & Continuity Portfolio analysis
Territorial scope of the original policies
Pembatasan akseptasi
Risk Profile
Premium income
Acquisition Cost
Claims experience
Ketersediaan market
& penggunaan broker
Faktor yang Menentukan
Pemilihan Reasuransi
Sum Insured v.s. Limit of Liability?
Akumulasi kerugian
Liability tidak terbatas ?
Lebar fluktuasi untuk annual Result?
Reasuradur sedang tumbuh atau kapasitas?
Jika, ya, menggunakan Proportional
Berapa banyak premi akan di ceded?
Apakah komisi penting ?
Bagaimana klaim akan dishare ?
Berapa cepat pembayaran klaim ?
To what extent can the cover be
‘reinstated’?
-Proportional : Unlimited reinstatement
-Non-proportional : Limited Reinstatement
Long-term v.s. Short-term relationship?
Reciprocal?
Biaya operasional ?
Faktor yang Menentukan Pemilihan Resuradur menggunakan broker, electronic trading
Philosophi bisnis reasuradur
Long-term atau short-term
Komunikasi
Tipe reasurasi yang dikehendaki
Kebijakan aseptasi bisinis oleh reasuradur
Standar keamanan yang dikehendaki
Apakah reasuradur memiliki otorisasi untuk bertransaksi pada suatu kelas bisnis
Kekuatan neraca dan solvency margin reasuradur
Reputasi reasuradur
Pengalaman & Kualitas Manajemen
Kebijakan Underwriting & Tipe bisnis yang diambil
Kebijakan Retrocessi reasuradur
kepemilikan terkahir reasuradur (Ultimate ownership of reinsurer)
Apa yang dibutuhkan
Keahlian broker
Stabilitas keuangan & kejujuran broker
Reputasi pelayanan & kemampuan melayani
Kemampuan menawarkan ‘nilai tambah
Penghapusan Tariffs
Cat exposure meningkat
Banyak asuradur mundur
Trend hijrah
combined
BAB II
Ketidakpuasan atas pasar
konvensional
hasilnya lancar (‘Smoothing’)
Alternative >> kemungkinan
memilih, tailored choice
Bisnis Non-traditional
PROPORTIONAL TREATIES
UNDERWRITING
CONSIDERATION
RETENTION SCOPECAPACITY &
CAT
EXPOSURE
COMMISSION FINANCIAL
ISSUES
BASIS OF
TREATY
LEGAL
ISSUESHISTORIC
RESULT
Classes
Peril
Territorial
R/I
CommProfit
Comm
Flat
Sliding
Scale
Provision of
Account
Cash Loss
Limit
Deposits for
Unearned
Premium &
OS
Portfolio
Assumption
& Withdrawal
Clean-
Cut
Run-Off
Cancellation
Inspection
Disputes
BAB I{I
603 PRAKTEK REASURANSI
Disusun oleh : Ir. Sudarno Hardjo Saparto AAIK, QIP, AHLI K3,
PEMUA PANCA MARGA
MARKAS CABANG – JAKARTA PUSAT
Sekretariat : MAKODIM 0501 JP/BS LT III
Jl. Angkasa Blok B Kav. 11 Kemayoran Jakarta Pusat
Phone :0819 32 72 8000, 0857 18 77 8000,
COMMISSIONCOMMISSION
REINSURANCE
COMMISSION
PROFIT
COMMISSION
OVERRIDING
COMMISSION
FIXED RATE SLIDING SCALEDEFICIT CARRIED
FORWARD (DCF)
THE THREE
YEARS AVERAGE
STEPPED-UP
SCALE
ADDITIONAL
TO R/I
COMMISSION
RETROCESSION
ON NET RATE
(ONR) BASIS
Prop Treaties – Faktor Pertimbangan Underwriting
• R/I Comm = Original Acquisition Cost (including
brokerage & agent commission paid) + Overhead &
Adm expenses + margin (overrider)
• Expressed as % of Ceded Premium
603 PRAKTEK REASURANSI
Disusun oleh : Ir. Sudarno Hardjo Saparto AAIK, QIP, AHLI K3,
NON-PROPORTIONAL TREATIES
UNDERWRITING CONSIDERATION
GENERAL
CONSIDERATION
PROPERTY
RISKS
LIABILITY
RISKS
RETENTION
SCOPE
BASIS OF
COVERCAPACITY
CLAIM
EXPERIENCE &
RESERVING
PRICE &
PREMIUM
REINSTATEMENT
OTHER T/C
Losses Occurring
During
Risk Attaching
Losses Discovered/Claim Made
CAPACITY CLAIM
EXPERIENCE &
RESERVING
PRICE &
PREMIUM
OTHER T/C
Flat Premium
Fixed Rate
Premium
Variable Rate
Premium
Interlocking
Clause
Hours Clause
Two Risk Warranty
Co-reinsurance
Clause
Event Limit
Applicable Law
Clause
Extracontractual Obligation Clause
Aggregate Deductible Clause
Aggregate Extension Clause
Indexation (stability) clause
Acts in Force Clause
Local Jurisdiction
Applicable Law
Term & Cancellation
NA xclusion clause
Market Exclusion
BAB III
603 PRAKTEK REASURANSI
Disusun oleh : Ir. Sudarno Hardjo Saparto AAIK, QIP, AHLI K3,
XL Premium
Flat Premium
Fixed Rate,
Adjustable Premium
Adjustable Rate,
Adjustable Premium
(Burning Cost Rating)
Rate on Subject Premium Income
XL Premium
Non-Prop Treaties – Faktor Pertimbangan Underwriting - Property
603 PRAKTEK REASURANSI
Disusun oleh : Ir. Sudarno Hardjo Saparto AAIK, QIP, AHLI K3,
XL Premium
XL Premium for layer =
XL Premium Rate in % x Subject Premium Income
Loss Occurring During
Gross Net EARNED Premium Income
Risk Attaching
Gross Net WRITTEN Premium Income
Claim Made, Retrocession XL
Gross Net ACCOUNTED Premium Income
SUBJECT PREMIUM INCOME
Non-Prop Treaties – Faktor Pertimbangan Underwriting - Property
603 PRAKTEK REASURANSI
Disusun oleh : Ir. Sudarno Hardjo Saparto AAIK, QIP, AHLI K3,
Methods of XL Rating
Non-Prop Treaties – Faktor Pertimbangan Underwriting - Property
Burning Cost
Experience Rating Exposure Rating Extrapolation Market Rating
Methods of XL Rating
603 PRAKTEK REASURANSI
Disusun oleh : Ir. Sudarno Hardjo Saparto AAIK, QIP, AHLI K3,
(RE)INSURANCE ACCOUNTING
Current Account:
Premi
komisi
Brokerage
Komisi keuntungan
Inuring protection
Paid Claims
Kerugian tunai
pemindahan Portolio
Deferred account:
Beberapa item dibayar cicilan
Reserve Account:
Cadangan Premi
Cadangan kerugian
Bunga cadangan
Pajak dari bunga
PROP ACCOUNTING
Accounting BasisStatement of account
Accounting process
Underwriting Year
Basis: Run-off
Year of Account
Basis: Clean-cut
Premium reserve Deposit
- Bagian premi ditahan oleh cedant sbg safeguard
- Porsi yang ditahan
- Kapan and metode ditahan dan dilepas
- Penyerahan Reserve bila treaty diterminasi
- Interest
- Bisa dengan L/C
Loss reserve deposit
- Bagian premi ditahan sebagai safeguard
- Berdasarkan OS losses
- Interest
- Bisa dengan L/C
tipe Inuring Reinsurance:
Proteksi Spesifik :
- Untuk seleksi risiko-risiko dalam portfolio
- Asuradur membayar semua biaya yang datang (incurred)
- Untuk menjual keuntungan asuradur
- Biasanya, dalam bentuk fakultative
Joint or Common Account:
Risk XL dikombinasikan dengan propotional treaty untuk mengurangi
retensi, dimana
- Untuk Keuntungan keduanya asuradur dan reasuradur
- masing-masing kontribusi pada cost incurred
- Biasanya dalam bentuk Excess of Loss
- Contoh, EML error protection
Financial AccountingBalance Sheet, Profit And
Loss Account, Cash Flow
Technical Accounting
STOA, Facultative
Reinsurance Slip, PLA/DLA BAB IV
NON -PROP ACCOUNTING
Accounting Process: Premiums
Deposit or flat premium
Reinstatement Premium
Adjustment premium
Accounting Basis
A separation of premium payment and claim collection
Premium is paid at inception of the contract, or in installments
Claims are collected when they occurred on an individual basis
603 PRAKTEK REASURANSI
Disusun oleh : Ir. Sudarno Hardjo Saparto AAIK, QIP, AHLI K3,
KLAIM REASURANSI
prosedur
penanganan klaim
• Pemeriksaan pertanyaan penutupan:
• Kelemahan kewajiban asuradur)
• Klaim dalam periode reasuransi?
FAKULTATIF PROPORTIONAL
Quota share Surplus
NON PROP
PROPERTY CASUALTY MARINE /
AVIATION
Occupational diseases
Pollution
Ex gratia
Particular clause
- North America
-- Sunset clauses
-- Extended report
-- Claim cooperation
DISPUTE
Negotiation
Mediation
Conciliation (tindakan pendamai)
Expert Evaluation / Early Neutral Evaluation
Mini-trial or executive hearing
Mediation / arbitration
CLAIM RESERVE
Metode
Judgmental
Statistical technique
Inflasi
Perubahan rates
Legislation (undang-undang)
Litigation (menuntut secara hukum)
Kualitas Data
Permasalahan
IBNR
Penambahan cadangan klaim yang ada
Menaksirkan dampak sejarah setiap klaim
Incurred But Not Enough Reported (IBNER)
Commutation
Settlement of IBNR
Underwriting Pools
Broker Systems
Retrocessions
Umbrella
Simultaneous payment
escalator
As if statistics
Claim co-operation clause
Claim control clause
BAB VIReviewing The Programme
sumber-sumber
data statistik
Reinsurance Underwriter
Claims Department
Retrocession Department
Technical Procession Department
Finance Department
Security Department
Reassurance profit
ratio
Loss Ratio =
Gross Claim Incurred / Premium Earned
Net Claim Incurred / Premium Earned
Commission or Other Costs Ratio
Commission/Ceded Premium or Commission/Written Premium
Other Costs/Ceded Premium or Other Costs/Written Premium
Management Expenses Ratio (business efficiency) =
Management expenses/net ceded premium
Management expenses/net written premium
Retrocession Ratio
Gross ceded premium/net ceded premium
Gross ceded premium/net written premium
Gross incurred claim/net incurred claim
Measures of profit
Costings
Underwriting Performance
Monitoring
603 PRAKTEK REASURANSI
Disusun oleh : Ir. Sudarno Hardjo Saparto AAIK, QIP, AHLI K3,
GOVERNMENT REGULATION
AND INTERVENTION
regional reinsurance
pool
Keuntungan :
Mengambil premi didalam
regional
untuk alat investasii
Kerugian :
Akumulasi risiko didalam regional
Mutual pool adalah berlawanan
reasuransi
bentuk reinsurance pool
Market Pools : (untuk risiko kurang disukai)
Govenment Reinsurance Pool : (untuk risiko
katastrope)
Underwriting Pools (perusahaan baru / berkembang)
BAB VII
603 PRAKTEK REASURANSI
Disusun oleh : Ir. Sudarno Hardjo Saparto AAIK, QIP, AHLI K3,
FINANCIAL ASPECTS
credit rating
Tujuan
peringkat untuk jaminan keamanan
menaikkan kapasitas
memasarkan dirinya
perusahaan rating international
Standard & poors rating service
AM Best Rating Agency
fitch IBCA, duff & phels rating Agency
Mooly’sInvestor Service
informasi lain misalnya :
strategi dan material rencana operasi
Lebih detail breakdown informasi keuangan
informasi tentang pelanggan, sumber bisnis dan produksinya
faktor yang dipertimbangkan oleh lembaga tersebut
Jumlah kapital dan kemampuan perusahaan mengakses kapital
Kualitas dan efektifitas melaksanakan program reasuransinya
Kecukupan cadangan teknis
kualitas dan penyebaran investasi
likuiditas
Kemampuan operasi :
Profibilitas
Sumber bisnis, nature of premium and investment income
semua aspek pengalaman managementnya dan hubungan dengan
tujuan (objectif)
Market profil :
Risiko-risiko dihubungkan dengan class dan teritori
Competitive market research
General and financial management
Underwrting and claim management
Ekposur to event risk
BAB VIII
603 PRAKTEK REASURANSI
Disusun oleh : Ir. Sudarno Hardjo Saparto AAIK, QIP, AHLI K3,